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Comparison of spatial-temporal spread of influenza in the Northern and southern hemispheres according to the WHO and the analysis of the epidemic of influenza in Russia in the 2014 – 2015 season, according to the research Institute of influenza on the incidence of influenza and ARI in 59 cities of Russia.It is shown that in the season 2014 – 2015 in the Northern hemisphere, the intensity of the epidemics was higher in North America and Europe than East Asia and North Africa. In the Southern hemisphere have experienced low influenza activity. In the etiology of epidemics in countries of both hemispheres was dominated by influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B. The proportion of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was less in the Southern hemisphere was higher than in Northern countries. The incidence of influenza A(H3N2) in the Northern hemisphere was predominantly linked to the new strain A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2), differing from the vaccine. In Europe, the majority of circulating influenza B strains were related to the strain B/Phuket/3073/2013, did not match the vaccine.In Russia the intensity of the influenza epidemic in 2015, was more than the previous epidemic of 2014, the prevalence in the cities, the morbidity especially children 7 – 14 years of age and adult population, the incidence of hospitalization with a diagnosis of «influenza» and the number of deaths.

This article is based on research on preschool childcare services and analyses the issues of its provision in Russia in comparison to Western and Eastern European countries. A micro-level cross-sectional data analysis of the first waves of the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) is performed. The results show that variations in using childcare services can be partly explained by the age and number of children in the family, mother’s education and characteristics of her employment.

The article presents a clinical case of a rare granular cell Abricosov’s tumor in a 15 ­year old child. The tumor was localized in the left parapharyngeal space. The acute disease onset and the clinical picture required differential diagnosis with left-sided paratonsillar abscess. The results of CT and MRI with intravenous contrast of the pharynx made it possible to diagnose the tumor of parapharyngeal space on the left. The surgical treatment (tumor removal) was followed by the recovery.

On the basis of the methods of nonholonomic differential geometry we introduce the concept of spinors associated with the V 4 3 distribution and their spatial covariant derivatives. We obtain the equations of the fundamental spinor fields under a local3+1-stratification of space-time and we study certain properties of their solutions.

The comparison of the first and second waves of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in the world and Russia was performed on the basis of weekly reports of Regional offices for Europe and on the data of the Federal Center for Influenza on a weekly incidence of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections, hospitalization, and mortality from the influenza in the age groups of population in 49 cities of the Russian Federation. The first wave of the pandemic, which continued in the countries of the world all summer, was of mixed etiology and, in spite of the availability of imported cases, has not caused a steep increase in Russia. The second wave of the pandemic in the countries of the Southern hemisphere was less intense. In the countries of the Northern hemisphere (in autumn 2009), on the contrary, it was more intensive, which was associated with different seasonality of influenza in these hemispheres. In Russia, the second wave (2011) was of a lesser intensity as compared to the first with respect to the duration in the country and in urban areas, the incidence in the entire population, including schoolchildren and adults, the rate of hospitalization and case fatality rate reduction of laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. The duration of the last pandemic of 2009 was the same as in 1957 and 1968, and longer than in 1977. The morbidity was one-half less than in the pandemic of 1957 and 1968, and was approaching the pandemic 1977. At the same time, the incidence in children 3-6 and 7-14 years was higher than in previous pandemics.

In this paper the tasks of planning of the Chemical Process System products issue are considered in detail. The general characteristic of the Chemical Process System as the object of the business-modeling is given, the purposes of its operation are defined. The model of «Planning of the Chemical Process System products issue» business-process is developed and justified. The main tasks of business-processes management for Chemical Process System products issue are defined.

We consider LIFO queue with several customer types, batch arrival and batch services. We get necessary and sufficient conditions for this queue to be ergodic, null recurrent and transient. These are given in terms of positive solutions of finite system of equations pi = Fi(p1, ..., pk), i = 1, ..., k, where Fi are polynomials with positive coefficients.

Study of spread ofa new influenza variant A(H1N1) in the world in 2009.Analysis of WHO weekly situation reports on influenza epidemic in the countries of the Northern and Southern hemisphere.The first laboratory confirmed cases ofA/California/07/09 (H1N1) were registered in the countries of the Northern hemisphere in 10 days, and in other continents--in 1 month after the increase of morbidity. In the countries of Northern hemisphere 2 increases of A/California/07/09 (H1N1) morbidity were present--spring and autumn, and in the autumn period an increase of population morbidity, rate of hospitalization and number of lethal outcomes was noted. Only in Canada autumn increase of morbidity was not accompanied by an increase in severe influenza cases. In the Southern hemisphere a single but longer increase of morbidity was registered during the summer period. In the South-eastern Asia 2 increases were mostly present with a higher level during the first one.A significant increase in morbidity in the autumn periodand its decrease at the same time in the Southern hemisphere are determined by varying seasonality of influenza in the countries of Northern and Southern hemisphere. Spring increase of morbidity was of mixed etiology; and in the autumn period influenza A/ California/07/09 (H1N1) virus dominated in the etiology of diseases.

При організації комплексу технічного захисту інформації (КТЗІ) в першу чергу цікавлять ефективність захисту і економічна вигода її застосування. Зі всіх можливих параметрів, визначаючих КТЗІ і зрозумілих для економічних розрахунків, є величини ризиків повних і вкладених в захист інформації фінансових втрат, вірогідність злому захисту при певній спробі злому і фінансові витрати на вибраний захист з даною вірогідністю злому. В результаті виконаної теоретичної роботи запропоновано метод розрахунку фінансових витрат при побудові або модернізації КТЗІ і метод розрахунку величини ризиків для повних фінансових втрат даного КТЗІ. Оптимізовані фінансові втрати у разі злому КТЗІ. Визначено критерій оптимізації витрат на побудову КТЗІ з урахуванням конкретних параметрів окремих захистів. В багаторівневому КТЗІ запропонований критерій визначає не тільки ефективність окремих захистів в КТЗІ, але і всього комплексу. Отримані вирази для розрахунку вірогідності злому як від величини вкладеного фінансування на захист інформації, так і від кількості спроб злому. Приведений вираз для розрахунку величини ризиків втрат фінансування, відповідній реальним системам захисту, параметри яких беруться з того або іншого захисту, що реально використовуються, тобто вірогідності злому для кожного захисту і реальним фінансовим витратам на їх організацію. The efficiency and economical benefits are the main focus in information technical protection complex (ITPC) arrangement. The size of full and information protection system included financial losses risks, described cracking attempt success probability and specified crack probability system cost are the most understandable and defining from all possible characteristics. As a result of theoretical research the ITPC development and upgrade cost calculation methods as well as full financial loss risks evaluation method for described system are suggested. The ITPC crack financial losses are optimized. The criteria of costs optimization is defined for ITPC development in consideration of separate protection’s specific characteristics. In multilevel ITPC the suggested criteria defines not only the efficiency of separate protections in ITPC, but the whole complex efficiency. The crack probability evaluation formulas defined for financial investments in ITPC as well as for crack attempts quantity. The real protection systems corresponding risks values calculation formula is suggested, considering real systems characteristics, meaning each protection crack probability and real system arrangement financial costs. При организации комплекса технической защиты информации (КТЗИ) в первую очередь интересуют эффективность защиты и экономическая выгода ее применения. Из всех возможных параметров, определяющих КТЗИ и понятных для экономических расчетов, являются величины рисков полных и вложенных в защиту информации финансовых потерь, вероятность взлома защиты при определенной попытке взлома и финансовые затраты на выбранную защиту с данной вероятностью взлома. В результате выполненной теоретической работы предложены метод расчета финансовых затрат при построении или модернизации КТЗИ и метод расчета величины рисков для полных финансовых потерь данного КТЗИ. Оптимизированы финансовые потери в случае взлома КТЗИ. Определен критерий оптимизации расходов на построение КТЗИ с учетом конкретных параметров отдельных защит. В многоуровневом КТЗИ предложенный критерий определяет не только эффективность отдельных защит в КТЗИ, но и всего комплекса. Получены выражения для расчета вероятности взлома как от величины вложенного финансирования на защиту информации, так и от количества попыток взлома. Приведено выражение для расчета величины рисков потерь финансирования, соответствующие реальным системам защиты, параметры которых берутся из реально используемой той или иной защиты, то есть вероятности взлома для каждой защиты и реальным финансовым затратам на их организацию.

FPGD additive as an aqueous suspension is effective despite the high moisture content of fillers and the relatively high cost of transportation. The use of 1 ton of FPGD means a savings of more than 4 tons of cement.

The research of Anglicisms in European languages is a part of the project supervised by the scholars from the University of Cologne. The adaptation of loan words in the Russian language possesses some social and cultural peculiarities in contrast to other European countries due to the drastic political changes and dynamic introduction of the market economy. The investigation is based on the linguistic and social analysis of Anglicisms, which were imported into Russian in the late 90-s and the beginning of the new millennium. The research focus is concentrated on the study of the most frequent terms circulating on the pages of professional (literary, business, political) and other mass media sources. Three groups of the latest borrowings are discussed: neutral terms, which have proved to be rather stable within 20 years; expressive fashionable neologisms with the restricted sphere of application and evaluative words revealing either Western cultural values or socially marked concepts, typical of post-socialism.

The data on the dynamics of HIV infection in the Stavropol Territory beginning with 1987 are given. The situation became aggravated after 1996, and its sharp deterioration occurred in 2000 when 138 cases of HIV infection were detected and the area of this infection increased. In most cases patients became infected beyond the borders of the territory. About a half of the new cases of HIV infection registered in 2000 were detected in Ingushetia and Chechnya. The leading factor in the spread of HIV infection was the use of drugs by injection. The main trends of the prophylactic work are presented.

26 children (12 boys, 14 girls) with endoscopic and morphologic proved diagnosis chronic gastritis aged 4-15 years have been treated. Treatment was carried out by semiconductor AIGaAs laser (wavelength 890 nm, pulse power 4.0 w, pulse frequency 600 Hz, 64-128 sec per procedure). Irradiation was conducted out every day, 6-7 times, epigastric area. Disappearance of pain syndrom observed after 2-4 seances, appetite improved in 87% children. It was obtained decrease of infiltration changes and reparation of mucosa defects in 73% and normalisation of gastrointestinal motility in 68% children after treatment. Using morpometric biopsies method in gastric mucosa was revealed decrease of cell infiltration density from 5492 +/− 371 until 4815 +/− 265 cell/mm2, alteration of plasmacytes and lymphocytes, increase of capillar quantity from 105 +/− 20 until 511 +/− 17 cell/mm2 3 days after lasertherapy. It was observed a reparation effect after 14 days of treatment in increasing fibroblasts number and surface epithelia from 3102 +/− 126 until 7248 +/− 315 cell/mm2. The main conclusion is that laserotherapy activates the microcirculation in gastric mucosa, decreases morphological signs of inflammation and significantly increases reparative processes.

The phase transitions, phase S-T diagrams and domain structure in CsR(MoO4)2 - CsR(WO4)2 system of crystals were studied. The phase transitions were found to be displacement structural phase transitions, attended by a jump of the dielectric constant and formation of ferroelastic domains.

The work gives an analysis of clinical signs in 111 patients with burns of the respiratory tract. Two complexes of curative measures are proposed according to anatomical changes found in fibrobronchoscopy. The fibrobronchoscopies are of special importance in the treatment of burns of the tracheobronchial tree.

This thesis investigates various life trajectories of young people in England and Wales during the transition to adulthood. This thesis moves beyond one-event transitions and investigates education and employment, partnership, and residential careers from a longitudinal perspective. This thesis investigates how the trajectories are influenced by birth cohort, parental socio-economic background, and individual’s life course characteristics. This thesis investigates the cohorts born between 1974 and 1991 who experienced their transition to adulthood since the beginning of the 1990s. Overall, the longitudinal analysis of 5-year birth cohorts highlighted significant changes in life course trajectories over the last 25 years, while some continuity was observed as well. This thesis presents evidence towards “protracted” youth transitions with further postponement of leaving the parental home and first partnership formation, which can be partially explained by the expansion of further and higher education. Overall, the analysis suggests that together with the postponement, life course trajectories among the youngest cohorts have become more complex with a higher number of events occuring in all life domains (e.g. higher rates of moving and higher rates of separation from first cohabiting unions). Overall, the findings suggest that there is a trend towards a convergence in trajectories between men and women, although persistent inequalities are observed in labour market outcomes. Findings of this thesis provide evidence that parental socio-economic background which has traditionally played an important role in shaping young people's life course trajectories in Britain still explains a large part of the variation in transitions. Young people from more advantaged backgrounds are more likely to obtain high qualifications and profit from higher returns to longer time spent in education. Despite an increase in the proportion of young people from less advantaged backgrounds going into higher education, they are still much less likely to occupy professional and managerial positions. In contrast to previous arguments, parental socio-economic background was found to play little role in partnership transitions among the cohorts studied in this thesis.