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The presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC), such as pharmaceuticals, in water sources is one of the main concerns nowadays due to their hazardous properties causing severe effects on human health and ecosystem biodiversity. Niflumic acid (NFA) is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug, and it is known for its non-biodegradability and resistance to chemical and biological degradation processes. In this work, a 10 wt.% TiO2/PVDF–TrFE nanocomposite membrane (NCM) was prepared by the solvent casting technique, fully characterized, and implemented on an up-scaled photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR). The photocatalytic activity of the NCM was evaluated on NFA degradation under different experimental conditions, including NFA concentration, pH of the media, irradiation time and intensity. The NCM demonstrated a remarkable photocatalytic efficiency on NFA degradation, as efficiency of 91% was achieved after 6 h under solar irradiation at neutral pH. The NCM proved effective in long-term use, with maximum efficiency losses of 7%. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was designed to model NFA’s photocatalytic degradation behavior, demonstrating a good agreement between experimental and predicted data, with an R2 of 0.98. The relative significance of each experimental condition was evaluated, and the irradiation time proved to be the most significant parameter affecting the NFA degradation efficiency. The designed ANN model provides a reliable framework l for modeling the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/PVDF-TrFE and related NCM.

We aim to identify the differences in psychological well-being, resilience, and coping strategies between healthy subjects and HIV patients. The design followed in this work was empirical, not experimental, and cross-sectional with a correlational objective. The sample included a total of 399 participants (199 patients with HIV and 200 without pathology). The instruments applied for data collection were as follows: a questionnaire on socio-demographic data, the Psychological Well-being Scale, the Resilience Scale and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire. The study period was from February 2018 to January 2020. Patients with HIV had a significantly lower score than healthy subjects, in the resilience factors of perseverance and self-confidence. Subjects with HIV scored less in all dimensions of psychological well-being, with the exception of the dimension of autonomy. Finally, it was observed that HIV-positive subjects used rational coping strategies less frequently than healthy subjects, based on social support seeking and problem-solving coping. However, HIV patients scored higher in emotional coping strategies than healthy individuals.

Chrysodeixis includens Walker, 1858 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly known as soybean looper, is one of the main pests that reduces soybean yield due to its defoliation capacity. Population outbreaks of this pest can occur in the vegetative stage of the crop, together with the occurrence of weeds or in the reproductive stage, at the same time as that of diseases. This often requires the use of pesticides against pests and weeds, or fungi at the same time. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of baculovirus ChinNPV with different synthetic chemical herbicides and fungicides used in soybean. Four bioassays were carried out, with or without the addition of ChinNPV to different herbicides and fungicides. The artificial diets were immersed in the solutions of the pesticides and their mixture and supplied to the caterpillars of C. includens, immediately and after one and two hours of mixing. The evaluation was performed by quantifying the number of dead caterpillars. The results showed that the ChinNPV baculovirus is compatible for mixing with all studied herbicides and fungicides, even after two hours of mixing. In all the studied scenarios, baculovirus mixed with chemical pesticides triggered the same mortality as sprayed with baculovirus alone, and values of over 80% mortality of C. includens have always been recorded.

Este artigo visa começar a discutir Diário da Peste de Gonçalo M. Tavares, conjunto de textos publicados no Expresso entre março e junho de 2020. Equaciona-se o modo como, nesta obra de linguagem elusiva, o autor, a partir de notícias, reflete sobre o dissídio em curso entre a eficiência e o desejo. Problematiza-se também a forma como a política, centrando-se no mínimo vital, descura a felicidade humana. A partir de Vigiar e punir de Michel Foucault, procura-se entender a violência inerente aos dispositivos biopolíticos, ainda que sejam esses mecanismos o cerne do progresso técnico-científico. Discutem-se outras questões filosóficas e políticas a partir da arte, em particular de Bruce Nauman, Boris Achour e Santiago Sierra.

The concept of ecosystem services (ES), first introduced in 1970’s, gained mainstream attention in 2005, when the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment formally proposed a definition for it. In spite of this attention, many aspects about the ES concept have remained controversial to date, i.e., their classification, value, generation, link to human well-being, and supportive role as management tool. This review explores the knowledge status of ecosystem services, focusing on those services generated in coastal and marine environments (CMES). A knowledge gap and an underdevelopment of tools to assess CMES is evident in the literature, especially when compared to the progress done in the assessment of land ES. Possible explanations reside on the yet small proportion that the research done on CMES represents for the ecosystem service framework (ESF), in part due to the intrinsic challenges of researching the marine environment, also due to the limited availability of spatial data on marine ecosystems. Nevertheless, the ES concept is getting more attention toward policy-makers and stakeholders, leading to the implementation of an ecosystem services approach (ESA) to the management and protection of CMES. Six lessons are rescued from the literature to improve the ESA: (1) integration of the ESA in a science-policy process; (2) more simplicity for the CMES prediction models; (3) move toward empowering of stakeholders; (4) integration of the value pluralism of CMES with less focus on money; (5) the link of ES to Human Well-being must not been forgotten; and (6) communication of results and social literacy are key.

El objetivo esencial de la presente investigación es la validación de herramientas numéricas orientadas al pronóstico de eventos de niebla/neblina sobre el territorio nacional. Es una extensión del proyecto SisPI (Sistema de Pronóstico Inmediato) que trabaja operacionalmente en el Instituto de Meteorología (INSMET). Se emplea el modelo mesoescalar WRF-ARW en su versión 3.8.1 inicializado en los horarios de las 00:00 y 06:00 UTC para evaluar el impacto del horario de inicialización sobre el pronóstico. Se escoge como área de estudio la región que comprende las provincias de La Habana,Artemisa y Mayabeque, que cuenta con 10 estaciones meteorológicas convencionales, divididas en costa norte, interior y costa sur para obtener una evaluación más detallada. Se calcularon errores medios y correlaciones lineales de las variables implicadas en lagénesis y evolución de estos fenómenos, lo cual permitió determinar una tendencia ala sobreestimación de los valores pronosticados en el área de estudio. Se emplearonademás tablas de contingencia para eventos binarios con el propósito de evaluar el pronóstico, lo cualarrojó que el empleo de una función de distribución acumulativa permite un alto grado dedetección de estos fenómenos.

Summary: Accumulation of topological stress in the form of DNA supercoiling is inherent to the advance of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and needs to be resolved by DNA topoisomerases to sustain productive transcriptional elongation. Topoisomerases are therefore considered positive facilitators of transcription. Here, we show that, in contrast to this general assumption, human topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) activity at promoters represses transcription of immediate early genes such as c-FOS, maintaining them under basal repressed conditions. Thus, TOP2A inhibition creates a particular topological context that results in rapid release from promoter-proximal pausing and transcriptional upregulation, which mimics the typical bursting behavior of these genes in response to physiological stimulus. We therefore describe the control of promoter-proximal pausing by TOP2A as a layer for the regulation of gene expression, which can act as a molecular switch to rapidly activate transcription, possibly by regulating the accumulation of DNA supercoiling at promoter regions.

En el presente artículo se presenta la revisión de la experiencia de movilidad virtual del Congreso Internacional Virtual conectando escuelas, celebrado el 6, 7 y 8 de mayo de 2019 con un colectivo de 411 asistentes de 8 países de Latinoamérica y España que trabajan en torno a educación obligatoria (K-12) y en pro de la accesibilidad universal y la inclusión en la escuela. Se optó por el formato virtual siguiendo criterios de movilidad virtual abierta como para garantía para la inclusión. Se apostó por una inscripción gratuita para asegurar la accesibilidad económica, el formato virtual para facilitar el contacto internacional y la posibilidad de participación a agentes educativos de comunidades rurales y la clara apuesta por las alfabetizaciones múltiples, ofreciendo de forma simultánea audio, Lengua de Signos Española y Visual Thinking. Analizando el impacto y difusión lograda, el acompañamiento de los comités organizativos y honoríficos, así como las respuestas a la encuesta de satisfacción realizada a las personas que participaron en el congreso llegamos a la conclusión de que este formato posibilita la accesibilidad y la colaboración, creando además un alto impacto en la generación de una red virtual donde compartir saberes comunes.

Resumo. Esta revisão sistemática teve por objetivo sintetizar e analisar os estudos que relacionam a prática de Artes Marciais & Desportos de Combate (AM&DC) com a violência, nomeadamente com o fenómeno de Bullying em idade escolar. De fevereiro a agosto de 2018 foram recolhidas e analisadas 48 publicações de sete bases de dados científicas internacionais, mas apenas 18 cumpriram os critérios para serem incluídas neste estudo. Esta revisão evidencia que a prática de AM&DC promove alterações genericamente favoráveis no léxico biopsicossocial das crianças e adolescentes que as praticam. São um ótimo meio de desenvolvimento biopsicoemocional, ético e estético de crianças e adolescentes, sendo reportados nos seus praticantes níveis superiores de comportamentos pró-sociais entre pares. Esta condição é tanto mais benéfica quanto maior for a graduação do praticante (tempo de prática), a modalidade de participação nas AM&DC (praticante ou competidor), as qualificações profissionais dos treinadores, as características dos locais de prática, a tipologia de artes marciais ou mesmo o estilo (tradicional ou moderno). Palavras-Chave: artes marciais; bullying; relações entre pares; crianças; adolescentes. Abstract. This systematic review aims to synthesize and analyse studies that relate the practice of Martial Arts and Combat Sports (AM&DC) with violence, in particular the phenomenon of school bullying. From February to August, 48 publications were collected from seven international scientific databases on the subject under analysis, but only 18 met all the criteria to be included in this study. This review shows that the practice of AM&DC promotes generically favorable changes in the biopsychosocial lexicon of children and adolescents who practice them. They are great ways of biopsychosocial, ethical and aesthetic development of children and adolescents, and their practitioners report higher levels of prosocial behavior among peers. This condition is all the more beneficial the higher the practitioner’s degree (length of practice), mode of participation in the AM&DC (practitioner or competitor), the professional qualification of coaches, characteristics of places of practice, the typology of martial arts or even the style (traditional or modern). Resumen. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo sintetizar y analizar los estudios que relacionan la práctica de artes marciales y deportes de combate (AM&DC) con la violencia, en particular el fenómeno del acoso escolar. De febrero a agosto se recopilaron 48 publicaciones de siete bases de datos científicas internacionales sobre el tema en análisis, pero solo 18 cumplieron con todos los criterios para ser incluidos en este estudio. Esta revisión muestra que la práctica de AM&DC promueve cambios genéricamente favorables en el léxico biopsicosocial de niños y adolescentes que los practican. Son un excelente medio de desarrollo biopsicosocial, ético y estético de niños y adolescentes, con niveles más altos de comportamiento prosocial entre los pares en sus practicantes. Esta condición es tanto más beneficiosa cuanto mayor sea el grado del profesional (duración de la práctica), el modo de participación en AM&DC (profesional o competidor), las calificaciones profesionales de los entrenadores, las características de los lugares de práctica, la tipología de artes marciales o incluso el estilo (tradicional o moderno).

The tropical forests provide important ecosystem services at local and global scales (i.e. climate regulation, carbon cycling, and food resources). Shifting cultivation (SC) is the most common traditional farm system in tropical forest landscapes, which along with hunting and gathering from forests, have been the main food sources and livelihoods. This traditional SC was probably sustainable for nomadic indigenous populations for centuries. However, the non-traditional shifting cultivation is a consequence of cultural changes of indigenous communities influenced by western culture that induce land-use changes using new technologies, promoting the high local-scale expansion and intensification, and overhunting. The intensification occurs due to the short-term farm system, low crop diversity or monocultures, and larger slash and burn forest patches inducing agricultural expansion due to higher commercial crop demand. This expansion and intensification determine the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, forest degradation and fragmentation, higher greenhouse gas emissions, defaunation and local extinction. Thus, degraded forest rehabilitation with different sustainable food systems (i.e. Agroforestry) can reduce the expansion and intensification of SC. Restored forest, agroforestry, and second-growth forests can be restored as reservoirs for valuable biodiversity and a host of different ecosystem services. Tropical forests are central to climate change mitigation efforts and should prioritize the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. In this context, we provide a review on the effects of shifting cultivation intensification on tropical forest landscapes as a base to apply sustainable climate-smart practices in the context of UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.

DNA topoisomerase II-β (TOP2B) is fundamental to remove topological problems linked to DNA metabolism and 3D chromatin architecture, but its cut-and-reseal catalytic mechanism can accidentally cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that can seriously compromise genome integrity. Understanding the factors that determine the genome-wide distribution of TOP2B is therefore not only essential for a complete knowledge of genome dynamics and organization, but also for the implications of TOP2-induced DSBs in the origin of oncogenic translocations and other types of chromosomal rearrangements. Here, we conduct a machine-learning approach for the prediction of TOP2B binding using publicly available sequencing data. We achieve highly accurate predictions, with accessible chromatin and architectural factors being the most informative features. Strikingly, TOP2B is sufficiently explained by only three features: DNase I hypersensitivity, CTCF and cohesin binding, for which genome-wide data are widely available. Based on this, we develop a predictive model for TOP2B genome-wide binding that can be used across cell lines and species, and generate virtual probability tracks that accurately mirror experimental ChIP-seq data. Our results deepen our knowledge on how the accessibility and 3D organization of chromatin determine TOP2B function, and constitute a proof of principle regarding the in silico prediction of sequence-independent chromatin-binding factors.

Africanized honey bee populations (Apis mellifera L.) have been decreasing mainly due to the intense use of synthetic insecticides associated with pollution and climate change. To minimize these impacts on the environment and bee populations, the use of biological control agents has been intensified. These products are generally safer for non-target insects, such as bees, which are important pollinating insects. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of entomopathogenic nematodes on the longevity of the Africanized honey bee A. mellifera workers. Seven treatments were used: Heterorhabditis amazonensis, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis indica, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, and Steinernema rarum, at a concentration of 40 infective juveniles per cm2 (IJs/cm²), and a control in which autoclaved distilled water was used. Two bioassays were performed: 1) spraying nematodes on the workers and 2) spraying nematodes on glass plates, in which the bees remained for two hours. Each treatment consisted of five replicates with 20 bees each. Bees were kept in cages of PVC (20 × 10 cm) covered with a voile fabric and provided pieces of cotton soaked in water and Candy paste. The cages were kept in a climatized room (27 ± 2 °C temperature, 60 ± 10% relative humidity, and 12 h photophase) and the mortality was evaluated from 12 to 240 hours. In bioassay 1, the three treatments with nematodes of the genus Steinernema reduced the longevity of the workers (103.9, 96.3, and 99.6 h) when compared to treatments with Heterorhabditis (149.7, 126.8, and 134.7 h), of which, only H. amazonensis (149.7 h) did not differ from the control (166.0 h). In bioassay 2, all treatments reduced the longevity of honey bees (155.4 to 93.9 h) in relation to the control (176.1 h). Entomopathogenic nematodes, especially Heterorhabditis, need to be tested using other methodologies and for different durations of exposure and application because in the laboratory, they were less selective to A. mellifera.

Background: Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the fifth most important crop in the world and has a fundamental role in food security in most tropical countries. However, studies are still needed to improve its management and production. Objective: the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of planting density on the pattern of allocation of aboveground and belowground biomass, and asexual seeds production of the cassava crop (Cultivar Armenia) in Cucururital, Átures municipality, Amazonas state, Venezuela. Methodology: A total of 25 10 × 10 plots (100 m2) were established under a randomized block design with five replicates and five treatments to compare different parameters of growth and production of the cassava crop under different conditions of planting density: 1.20 × 0.60 m (T1), 1.20 × 0.80 m (T2), 1.20 × 1 m (T3), 1.20 × 1.20 m (T4), and 1.20 × 1.40 m (T5). Results: The results of this research show that there are no significant differences in relation to the different growth and production parameters between the planting density treatments. Despite the variations in planting densities evaluated in this study (5952 to 13888 plants ha-1), the yield of commercial roots (400 to 500 kg plant-1) as the main parameter of agronomic importance, was relatively high compared to different tropical and national studies. Implications: These results allow us to infer that this cassava crop (Armenia) has a high adaptation, phenotypic plasticity and production potential under different growth conditions, which may be advantageous from an agro-ecological, economic and social point of view, to contribute with food security and sustainable livelihoods. Conclusion: With this applied research it was possible to demonstrate the production potential of roots and asexual seeds of the cassava crop (cultivar Armenia) despite the variation in planting density in previously degraded agricultural areas, where no statistical differences were observed between treatments.

Nitrogen nutrition considerably influences the process of growing and producing potato crops. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen nutrition on the pattern of biomass and nitrogen partitioning during the growth of potato crop in Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela. Experimental land plots were set, with a randomized blocks design, and with three different fertilization treatment settings for the "Granola" cultivar. The first one without nitrogen (0-N), the next one with 133 Kg N Ha-1 (133-N), and the last one with 400 Kg N Ha-1 (400-N). In the main phenological stages of the crop, biomass and nitrogen levels were measured for each organ. The performance of the tubers and the total biomass are strongly influenced by the availability of nitrogen and assimilatory biomass. The total biomass production, as well as the biomass and nitrogen partitioning to each organ, showed the following sequence: 400-N > 133-N > 0-N. However, biomass and nitrogen partitioning to the roots and stolons was higher in the treatment with limited nitrogen levels. Proportional changes among aboveground and belowground biomass are adaptive responses to nitrogen deficit conditions, which, in their turn, are determining factors in crop production.

A partir de los numerosos estudios y hallazgos arqueológicos correspondientes al periodo de la Colonia (Siglos XVI y XIX) en el actual territorio chileno, se ha podido contar con una importante cantidad de información esqueletal. Realizamos una revisión bibliográfica de la información bioarqueológica de los restos humanos encontrados en 17 sitios pertenecientes a dicho rango temporal. Los resultados de esta revisión nos permitieron describir de forma general los modos de vida, características poblacionales y patrones funerarios durante el periodo mencionado. En esta sistematización observamos una correlación con los testimonios escritos de la época, constatándose la presencia de una población con una precaria condición de salud, presencia de diversas ancestrías y rituales funerarios controlados por la Iglesia Católica. Finalmente, discutimos sobre la potencialidad analítica que tiene los restos bioarqueológicos para reconstruir las diferentes realidades que afectaron a los distintos actores sociales de la época Colonial en Chile.

Neste artigo, elabora-se uma leitura de um conto de Clarice Lispector, “Menino a bico de pena”. Essa leitura atravessará outros contos e romances da autora, para elucidação de alguns temas e leitmotiven recorrentes neste território textual. Demonstra-se como, a partir da observação de um bebé, Clarice Lispector define um posicionamento ético em que a alegria, a criação e o tempo são conceitos significativos. Para além disso, nos seus textos a ideia de alegria ou felicidade não se relaciona com o conjunto de valores humanos dominante, o que instiga uma leitura pós-humanista.

El sistema de gobernanza de las comunidades indígenas difiere de las nociones tradicionales, porque, a diferencia de su condición pasiva, esta descansa en un constante ejercicio de transformación con dinámicas derivadas de la migración interna e internacional. La ciudadanía sustantiva tradicional ha reposado sobre una concepción de comunidad homogénea, con sistemas de pertenencia únicos, sin reparar o incluir, en el análisis, la diversidad de actores y procesos que existen en su interior. Por ello, el tránsito hacia la ciudadanía multicultural es una de las próximas tareas en la construcción de políticas públicas del Estado mexicano.

A Metodologia de Ensino-Aprendizagem-Avaliação de Matemática através da Resolução de Problemas é uma estratégia didática em que o estudante assume um papel mais ativo e comprometido com a sua aprendizagem e, o professor, de mediador dos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem. No Brasil, o Grupo de Trabalhos e Estudo em Resolução de Problemas (GTERP) é atuante e desenvolve pesquisas que visam atingir o ambiente escolar e, para tanto, seus integrantes costumam utilizar um roteiro com orientações referentes a forma de como o professor pode implementar tal metodologia. A terceira versão deste roteiro é constituída por dez atividades e pode ser utilizada em qualquer nível de ensino. No entanto, ao adotar este esse roteiro para ensinar conteúdos de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral no Ensino Superior sentimos a necessidade de realizar algumas adequações nele para que fosse possível ensinar através da resolução de problemas e cumprir o plano de ensino da disciplina respeitando o calendário acadêmico. Este trabalho é um recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado que visava desenvolver estratégias para inserir a metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação de Matemática para ensinar conteúdos de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral nos horários regulares de aula. O objetivo deste texto é exemplificar como, na prática, a metodologia de Resolução de Problemas foi implementada a partir das orientações do roteiro do GTERP. Para tanto, apresentaremos e relataremos a tarefa proposta para abordar a definição formal de limite. Por fim, estabeleceremos um comparativo do roteiro do GTERP com o que de fato foi aplicado. As adequações nesse roteiro satisfizeram as nossas necessidades e cremos que preservaram a essência do que vem a ser uma aula cujo objetivo seja ensinar através da Resolução de Problemas.

La sacralización de la quinta vértebra lumbar corresponde a una patología escasamente reportada en la literatura bioarqueológica de las poblaciones del Norte Grande de Chile. En este artículo, se presentan dos casos observados en grupos prehispánicos de la costa desértica de la región de Antofagasta, distanciados tanto espacial como cronológicamente; uno de ellos corresponde al caso más temprano de esta anomalía ósea para el norte de Chile. El diagnóstico de esta condición fue realizada a través de criterios discriminantes morfológicos que permitieron la clasificación de forma y orientación de los rasgos patológicos observados. Considerando la asociación a factores genéticos que posee la manifestación de esta patología, junto con la descripción histórica de las formas de elaboración de alianzas matrimoniales que tenían los habitantes del área de estudio al momento de contacto hispano-indígena, en este trabajo exploramos la posibilidad de que su aparición pueda ser el resultado de prácticas sociales endogámicas. Estas habrían estado limitadas a la zona costera y fueron mantenidas tradicionalmente, por lo menos hasta momentos históricos.

Esta investigación descriptiva tiene como objetivo caracterizar las necesidades de preparación del profesorado de la especialidad Investigador Criminalista para dirigir la orientación profesional. Se utilizaron métodos y técnicas como la observación, la encuesta y la entrevista. En el análisis de datos cuantitativos se utilizó el software profesional SPSS 21.0. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron el desconocimiento del profesorado de características, principios y etapas de la orientación profesional, el insuficiente dominio de los estilos de comunicación que se deben utilizar en el proceso de orientación profesional y la insuficiente preparación metodológica para la dirección de la orientación profesional.

Introducción. El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética y el edema macular diabético en el Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud). Objetivo. Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética y el edema macular diabético en EsSalud. Métodos. Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 4 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Para cada una de estas preguntas se realizó búsquedas de revisiones sistemáticas y de estudios primarios (cuando se consideró pertinente) en PubMed durante el 2018. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buena práctica clínica y el flujograma de manejo. Resultados. La presente GPC abordó 4 preguntas clínicas sobre el tamizaje, diagnóstico, tratamiento de elección y tratamiento adyuvante. En base a estas preguntas se formularon 6 recomendaciones (4 fuertes y 2 condicionales), 19 puntos de buena práctica clínica y 1 flujograma de manejo. Conclusión. El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencias de la GPC para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética y el edema macular diabético en EsSalud.

Objective: to determine the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, eating habits, and physical activity among nursing students and to detect whether being a nursing student is a protective factor against these habits. Method: a questionnaire was used to collect information on age, academic year, sex, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity, and healthy eating. An information sheet and informed consent form were given. The sample was composed of 264 students aged between 18-30 years from four academic years. Results: of the total sample, 15.5% smoked, 83.7% consumed alcoholic beverages and 97.2% consumed over the weekend. The total of 68.6% did not practice exercises and 70.5% needed changes in their diet. Conclusion: nursing students have high levels of alcohol consumption and low levels of smoking compared with other studies. The higher the academic year, the lower the age of onset of tobacco consumption. The number of men who exercised was higher, which is considered a protective factor against alcohol and tobacco consumption and is related to a healthy diet. Smoking has a negative influence on diet. The students needed to change their diet. Finally, being a nursing student is not considered a protective factor against alcohol and tobacco consumption, nor having good eating habits and exercising.

This article shows a case study in which some new virtual musealization techniques such as immersive panoramic photography, rephotography and video animations have been used in order to valorize and disseminate many of the lost urban spaces of the city of Valencia in Spain, mainly those belonging to the ancient walled city. The whole Christian wall was demolished in 1865 along with the majority of the gateways by the governor Cirilo Amorós, with the exception of two of the main gates that were saved from demolition thanks to the fact that them were used as the jails of the city in that period. The research start with a compilation of the ancient representations of the city that has been carried out in order to analyze the urban evolution of the city. The main aim of the study is to develop an interactive visualization of the lost walled city combining a breathtaking ancient bird‐eye view by the French architect and lithographer Alfred Guesdon, with an aerial spherical panorama of the current city, which will allow the user to compare how the city has evolved in the last centuries. In order to do so, a thorough study of perspective in the ancient drawing has been carried out to accurately restore the viewpoint. Those views have also been used to create an elaborated video animation that will allow the viewer to get immersed inside the ancient city as in a sort of journey into the past in order to recover the memory of the lost walled city. The interactive results can be visualized though the Internet and some links and QR codes will be given at the end of the article in order to allow everyone, by means of a computer or even a mobile device, such as a smartphone, to visualize all the generated contents.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.21.2018.12

ABSTRACT The coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari, 1876 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is considered the most serious pest of the coffee crop and is controlled primarily with the use of chemical insecticides. An alternative to this control method is the use of the entomopathogenic bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1911. Therefore, the objective of this work was to select strains of B. thuringiensis virulent against H. hampei and characterize them by morphological and molecular methods to identify possible genes for the production of genetically modified plants. To achieve this objective, 34 strains of B. thuringiensis underwent a selective bioassay to evaluate their toxicity to H. hampei first-instar larvae. Among the strains tested, 11 and the standard B. thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (IPS-82) caused mortality above 90%. Then, the median lethal concentration (LC50) was estimated for these strains followed by characterization using morphological, biochemical and molecular methods. The lowest LC50 was obtained for strain BR58, although this concentration did not differ significantly from that of the standard strain IPS-82 or from that of strains BR137, BR80 and BR67. The molecular characterization detected cry4A, cry4B, cry10, cry11 and cyt1 genes in 10 of the most virulent strains (BR58, BR137, BR80, BR81, BR147, BR135, BR146, BR138, BR139, BR140). Strain BR67 differed completely from the others and amplified only the cry3 gene. This strain was more virulent than BR135, BR146, BR138, BR139 and BR140, but it did not differ from BR58, BR137, BR80, BR81 and BR147. The protein profile revealed proteins of 28, 65, 70 and 130 kDa, and the morphological analysis identified spherical crystalline inclusions in all strains. The results showed that the 11 strains studied have potential for use as a gene source for insertion into coffee plants for the control H. hampei, especially the cry3, cry4A, cry4B, cry10, cry11 and cyt1 genes, that were repeated in the most virulent isolates.

ABSTRACT Although inselbergs from around the world are iconic ecosystems, little is known on the underlying mechanisms of community assembly, especially in their characteristic patchy outcrop vegetation. Environmental constraints are expected to cause phylogenetic clustering when ecological niches are conserved within evolutionary lineages. We tested whether vegetation patches from rock outcrops of the Piedra La Tortuga Natural Monument, in the northern Amazon region, are phylogenetically clustered, indicating that environmental filtering is the dominant driver of community assemblage therein. We classified all patches according to their size as very small (< 1 m2), small (1-4 m2), medium-sized (4-8 m2), and large patches (8-15 m2). From each class, we randomly selected 10 patches, totalizing 40 patches covering 226 m2. All individuals found in the 40 isolated patches were identified to the species level. We also correlated measurements of phylogenetic community structure with patch size. We found that species from patches are restricted to the clades monocots, fabids, malvids, and lamiids. We conclude that vegetation in this rock outcrop is phylogenetically clustered. Furthermore, we found that phylogenetic turnover between pairs of patches increases with patch size, which is consistent with a scenario of higher environmental stress in smaller patches. Further research is necessary to identify nurse species in inselberg vegetation, which is pivotal for conservation and restoration of this particular ecosystem.

En el artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada con el objetivo de fortalecer los valores morales en los estudiantes universitarios de contaduría, necesarios para su desempeño como futuros profesionales de la disciplina. Se trabajó con una muestra de dos grupos de octavo semestre de la carrera de Contaduría Pública Autorizada, de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas de la Universidad de Guayaquil; para cumplir el objetivo de la investigación se utilizó el método de enseñanza por descubrimiento, el que permite que el estudiante sea capaz de relacionar los valores que ya posee con los requeridos para un ejercicio profesional de la más alta calidad. Se presentaron ejemplos de fraudes contables y otras malas prácticas en el ejercicio de la contaduría, con el propósito de que los estudiantes dedujeran las condiciones que lo permiten, su influencia en la reputación profesional y su relación con la economía y la sociedad. De esta manera, el estudiante se enfrenta a un aprendizaje desde el que puede descubrir los valores morales y principios éticos que deben distinguir su profesión. Los resultados obtenidos corroboran la eficacia de este método en la formación y fomento de valores morales que garantizan las buenas prácticas de los contadores. ABSTRACT This paper is intended to design a practical way to strengthen moral values in college students of accounting. These values are necessary for their performance as professionals of the discipline. It was worked with a scientific sample of two groups of students from eighth semester of the public accounting measurement of the faculty of Administrative Sciences of Guayaquil Collage, to fulfill the aim of the investigation. Here it was used the discovering teaching method, which allows the students to relate the values they have with the requirements for the professional exercise of the highest quality. Examples of accounting cribs and other ill practice in accounting exercise, with the aim that the students would deduce the conditions that allow it, its influence in the professional reputations and its relations with economy and society. In this way, the student faces a learning process in which he can discover moral values and ethical principles; which should distinguish his profession. The results gotten corroborate the efficiency of this method in the formation and strengthening moral values which guarantee good practices of the accounters. KEY WORDS: Accounting standards, professional ethics, teaching methods

En el presente artículo se hace una propuesta de un procedimiento para desarrollar el liderazgo pedagógico durante la formación inicial del Maestro de Educación Básica, el cual permite reconocer la integración de las influencias educativas de los procesos sustantivos de la docencia, la vinculación con la colectividad y el trabajo de titulación académica e investigación. Se fundamenta en las concepciones que se abordan sobre liderazgo pedagógico desde el enfoque de dirección de procesos formativos centrado en los docentes y no en los directivos. Puede ser utilizado en carreras de Ciencias de la Educación con flexibilidad al contexto donde se desarrolle el proceso. Se empleó para su elaboración el método de enfoque de sistema y de revisión de documentos.

Este manuscrito constituye la síntesis de una investigación relacionada con algunas de las causas que generan deficiencias en el desarrollo de la habilidad resolver problemas matemáticos en estudiantes del primer año de la carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en la Universidad de Granma. El autor propone una estrategia didáctica dividida en cuatro etapas, apoyadas en las acciones de la habilidad mencionada y las tareas profesionales del contexto profesional del Ingeniero Industrial. Cada etapa posee un sistema de acciones con un objetivo específico. La estrategia posee un carácter flexible y desarrollador. La aplicación de esta estrategia ha contribuido a: la mejoría, en los estudiantes del año académico y la carrera mencionada, de su actuación ante el análisis, comprensión, modelación, resolución, realización de consideraciones retrospectivas y perspectivas en la solución de problemas vinculados con la Matemática o con la profesión; el incremento motivacional de los estudiantes por la Matemática al experimentar su aplicación a su perfil profesional.

Attack by the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei causes significant damage to coffee crops because it affects the quality of the coffee fruit during different developmental stages, which results in production losses. Control of the borer is difficult owing to its cryptic behavior and the fact that it spends its entire life cycle inside the coffee berries. This makes it difficult for natural enemies to reach it, as well as for it to come into contact with chemical insecticides. The objective of the present study was to select and evaluate the virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) on the coffee berry borer H. hampei and their compatibility with the insecticide cyantraniliprole under laboratory conditions. Initially, the pathogenicity and virulence of 16 isolates of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis towards coffee berry borer larvae and adults were evaluated. The most virulent isolates to both larvae and adults were determined by topical inoculation tests in coffee fruits (berries) infested by the insect, using a concentration of 100 infective juveniles (IJs)/fruit. The same isolates were also evaluated for viability and infectivity when combined with cyantraniliprole. The isolates S. feltiae (IBCB-n 47) and Heterorhabditis amazonensis (GL) displayed the highest virulence towards adults (54%). For larvae, we observed a high virulence of S. feltiae, Heterorhabditis amazonensis, Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis sp. (JPM4), Heterorhabditis sp. (NEPET 11), Heterorhabditis sp. (IBCB-n 46), and Heterorhabditis sp. (IBCB-n 44) that promoted 100% mortality. Regarding the topical inoculation test on infested fruits, S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis sp. (IBCB-n 46) were unable to penetrate the fruit through the hole made by the borer, infect, and cause the death of insects. Cyantraniliprole formulation affected the viability of IJs of S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis sp. (IBCB-n 46), mainly after 48 h of exposure.

El propósito del estudio es analizar, desde la perspectiva teórico-mentalista, las preferencias lingüísticas de los pobladores indígenas bilingües-amazónicos en términos afectivos, cognoscitivos y socioculturales. Para ello, se evalúan los factores como edad, sexo, escolaridad y procedencia que condicionan las actitudes positivas o negativas hacia las lenguas originarias y hacia el castellano. Estos factores, además, comprometen las identidades, los niveles de autoestima y los soportes socioculturales. Asimismo, en este contexto permiten comprender con mayor objetividad la predisposición valorativa de los usuarios indígenas respecto a su propia lengua y hacia el castellano en conexión con los elementos de identificación sociocultural o el distanciamiento con su grupo que, sin duda, comprometen seriamente la vulnerabilidad de las lenguas.

A soja apresenta um diversificado complexo de insetos-praga, que podem ocorrer no mesmo período de desenvolvimento da cultura. Assim, a utilização de parasitoides de ovos para o manejo de Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) depende em parte da seletividade dos agrotóxicos utilizados para o controle de pragas que atacam a lavoura concomitantemente aos percevejos. A partir disso, avaliou-se a seletividade dos princípios ativos chlorantraniliprole e chlorantraniliprole + lambdacialotrina no desenvolvimento do parasitoide Telenomus podisi (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). Os bioensaios foram realizados em laboratório sob condições controladas (temperatura 27 ± 2 ºC e UR 50 ± 10%) nas fases de pupa e adulto do parasitoide. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com dez tratamentos e cinco repetições compostas pelos inseticidas chlorantraniliprole e chlorantraniliprole + lambdacialotrina em diferentes doses, bem como um controle negativo com água. As aplicações foram feitas com a Torre de Potter e as avaliações realizadas após 24, 72 e 120 horas. A condução do experimento e classificação utilizada para determinar a nocividade dos produtos aos insetos foi de acordo com as normas da IOBC (International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control). Chlorantraniliprole em todas as doses foi menos nocivo ao parasitoide, principalmente sobre a fase adulta, onde as doses se enquadraram na classe 1 (inócuo). A mistura chlorantraniliprole + lambdacialotrina em sua maior dose foi enquadrada na classe 4 (nocivo) às 72 e 120 horas após a aplicação. Para a fase de pupa do parasitoide, não houve diferenças significativas, sendo os produtos enquadrados na classe 1 (inócuo), exceto para a maior dose de clorantraniliprole, pertencente à classe 2 (levemente nocivo) 24 horas após a aplicação. Assim, chlorantraniliprole pode ser considerado uma ferramenta no manejo de pragas da soja considerando a sua seletividade a T. podisi nas condições testadas, pois não apresenta interferência negativa no desenvolvimento do parasitoide, quando pulverizado sobre pupas e adultos. Entretanto, a mistura chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cialotrina deve ser utilizada com cautela, respeitando-se o momento de aplicação e as doses recomendadas, pois interfere negativamente no desenvolvimento do parasitoide, devendo ser substituída quando possível.

Background: Obesity and other eating disorders are an actual public health problem, especially in childhood and adolescents, and could be also related with chronotype. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the relationship between eating disorders, obesity and the different chronotypes in children and adolescents. Methods: A systematic review of observational studies evaluating young populations dealing with and evaluating chronotype was conducted. Electronic searches were performed in six international databases. A qualitative thematic-categorical analysis was carried out and a random-effects model was used for the quantitative analysis (meta-analysis). Results: Fifteen studies were included, but quantitative analysis was only carried out in three of them. Children and adolescents with an evening chronotype had higher body mass index, consumed more junk food or were more predisposed to suffer from food addiction and night eating syndrome. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with evening chronotype had higher tendency to incorrect eating behaviors and were suffering from overweight/obesity. Environment but also lifestyle factors should be considered in the association between chronotype and eating disorders and obesity.

This work deals with numerical investigations of the functional and structural fatigue on shape memory alloys (SMAs). A thermodynamically consistent, three-dimensional constitutive model is employed, adopting a continuum damage perspective. Fatigue life is predicted by considering a macroscopic model. Numerical simulations are compared with experimental data taken from the literature to demonstrate the model’s ability to capture the general thermomechanical behavior of SMAs subjected to different loading conditions. Uniaxial and torsion tests are discussed; thermal loads are also analyzed considering the influence of the maximum temperature on the fatigue life of SMAs. Cyclic degradation of the shape memory effect is investigated in the sequence. Results show that numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data, including the fatigue life estimation.

En este artículo se discuten ciertos nuevos argumentos aportados para sostener que la cantidad de la -u final de las formas de nominativo, vocativo y acusativo singular de los nombres neutros de la cuarta declinación latina es larga. El autor se reafirma en su idea inicial de que es breve.

Anisakiasis is an emerging marine food-borne zoonosis resulting from the accidental ingestion of Anisakis larvae, through the consumption of raw or undercooked infected seafood products. The first case of human gastric hyperinfection by Anisakis simplex with an unusual and severe presentation, occurring in a Portuguese woman, is described in this article. Over 140 anisakid larvae were removed by gastroscopy. Massive infection is uncommon in areas where the consumption of raw fish is not part of the traditional diet, as is the case in Portugal. The increased consumption of raw seafood products is considered a health determinant in the rise in cases of anisakiasis. However, clinicians should be aware of the emergence of these infections, not only because of the new dietary habits of the population, but also because of the high prevalence of Anisakis larvae in the different fish species usually consumed by the population, collected on the Portuguese coast. Keywords: Anisakiasis, Foodborne disease, Fishery products, Emergent zoonosis

O artigo procura enquadrar o conceito de controle transacional, na área da interação, para, depois, ver a sua aplicabilidade no uso das tecnologias na educação básica. O controle transacional, definido no campo da EaD, parece ter ressonância na educação presencial, em particular na forma como as tecnologias podem ter um papel relevante no aumento do controle da aprendizagem por parte do estudante e, consequentemente, na sua autonomia. Cabe ao professor a tarefa mais árdua: identificar claramente, no momento de desenho da actividade de aprendizagem, os contrangimentos associados a cada uma das decisões na sequência da aprendizagem, mesmo quando coloca algumas destas decisões na mão do aluno.

The use of insecticides known as insect growth regulators, which are considered more selective to natural enemies, may be an alternative to integrated pest management of stink bugs of the main crops in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate histological changes in the reproductive system of Dichelops melacanthus as well as female fecundity and egg fertility after use of growth-regulating insecticides. The insecticides used were buprofezin (a chitin biosynthesis inhibitor) at a sublethal concentration (LC30 of 2.99 g L-1) and pyriproxyfen (a juvenile hormone analog) at a sublethal concentration (LC30 of 8.35 mL L-1). A completely randomized experimental design was used, with 10 repetitions and 10 insects per experimental unit. Two bioassays were performed: in the first bioassay, fecundity (eggs/female) and fertility (nymph eclosion) of the insects that survived the insecticides were evaluated; in the second bioassay, morphological alterations of the ovarioles of adult females and of the testes of adult male insects that survived the insecticides were evaluated. Buprofezin and pyriproxyfen did not affect the adult sex ratio or female fecundity. Pyriproxyfen reduced the percentage of ecloded nymphs (71.6%) compared with that of the control and buprofezin (96.4 and 90.6%, respectively) treatments and had an ovicidal effect, with direct and indirect action on embryogenesis. Morphological changes were observed in both treatments with buprofezin and pyriproxyfen. The alterations observed in female and male reproductive systems may occur by the action of buprofezin and pyriproxyfen on the morphology of both ovarioles and testes.

Nitrogen fertilization has considerable effects on growth and yield of the potato crop. Additionally, leaf expansion is one of the most important growth parameters that can be used to optimize the management of agroecological resources. We evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the leaf area index (LAI) of the potato crop during different phenological stages by two different methods. Experimental plots were stablished in a randomized block design with three replicates per fertilization treatment: no nitrogen supply (0-N), 133 Kg N ha-1 (133-N), and 400 Kg N ha-1 (400-N), using the Granola variety, at the Andes region, Mérida city, Venezuela. We measured leaf area at the main phenological stages of the crop using a plant canopy analyzer. LAI showed significant differences among treatments and phenological stages, except during the emergence stage. The maximum LAI values were obtained ca. 55 days after emergence: 400-N (1.42 ± 0.16) > 133-N (0.92 ± 0.21) > 0-N (0.34 ± 0.08). We showed that nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on the development of LAI in the potato crop along its different phenological stages.

Together with the regular vocative forms in -ĕ of the Latin second declension like domine, we find the ending -ī in nouns that make their nominative in -ius, like Antonius, Antonī. Research so far has not found a convincing explanation in order to account for other historical oddities, such as the fact that the vocative and genitive of some of those nouns, apparently identical, are pronounced differently : voc. Váleri, gen. Valéri. Our contribution tries to clarify the whole problem by proposing a new hypothesis, which is much simpler than previous ones.

Background and objectives: Laryngoscope is a key tool in anesthetic practice. Direct laryngoscopy is a crucial moment and inadequate laryngoscope's light can lead to catastrophic consequences. From our experience laryngoscope's light is assessed in a subjective manner and we believe a more precise evaluation should be used. Our objective is to compare the accuracy of a smartphone compared to a lux meter. Secondly we audited our Operating Room laryngoscopes. Methods: We designed a pragmatic study, using as primary outcome the accuracy of a smartphone compared to the lux meter. Further we audited with both the lux meter and the smartphone all laryngoscopes and blades ready to use in our Operating Rooms, using the International Standard form the International Organization for Standardization. Results: For primary outcome we found no significant difference between devices. Our audit showed that only 2 in 48 laryngoscopes complied with the ISO norm. When comparing the measurements between the lux meter and the smartphone we found no significant difference. Discussion: Ideally every laryngoscope should perform as required. We believe all laryngoscopes should have a practical but reliable and objective test prior to its utilization. Our results suggest the smartphone was accurate enough to be used as a lux meter to test laryngoscope's light. Audit results showing only 4% comply with the ISO standard are consistent with other studies. Conclusion: The tested smartphone has enough accuracy to perform light measurement in laryngoscopes. We believe this is a step further to perform an objective routine check to laryngoscope's light. Resumo: Justificativa e objetivo: O laringoscópio é uma ferramenta essencial na prática anestésica. A laringoscopia direta é um momento crucial e uma luz inadequada do laringoscópio pode levar a consequências catastróficas. De acordo com nossas pesquisas, a luz do laringoscópio é avaliada de forma subjetiva e acreditamos que uma avaliação mais precisa deve ser feita. Nosso objetivo foi comparar a precisão de um smartphone com a de um luxímetro. Depois, fizemos uma auditoria de nossos laringoscópios em sala de operação. Métodos: Estudo pragmático usando como desfecho primário a precisão de um smartphone em comparação com a de um luxímetro. Subsequentemente, fizemos uma auditoria tanto com o luxímetro quanto com o smartphone de todos os laringoscópios e lâminas prontos para uso em nossas salas de cirurgia, usando as normas da International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Resultados: Para o desfecho primário não encontramos diferença significativa entre os dispositivos. Nossa auditoria mostrou que apenas dois em 48 laringoscópios satisfizeram as normas da ISO. Ao comparar as mensurações entre o luxímetro e o smartphone, não encontramos diferença significativa. Discussão: Idealmente, todos os laringoscópios deviam funcionar conforme previsto. Acreditamos que todos os laringoscópios devem ser submetidos a um teste prático, mas confiável e objetivo, antes de serem usados. Nossos resultados sugerem que o smartphone foi preciso o suficiente para ser usado como um luxímetro para testar a luz do laringoscópio. Os resultados da auditoria mostrando apenas 4% de conformidade com as normas da ISO corroboram os de outros estudos. Conclusão: O smartphone testado tem precisão suficiente para fazer a medição de luz em laringoscópios. Acreditamos que esse é um passo adiante na execução de uma verificação objetiva de rotina da luz do laringoscópio. Keywords: Laryngoscope, Laryngoscopy, Light, Accuracy, Smartphone, Lux meter, Palavras-chave: Laringoscópio, Laringoscopia, Luz, Precisão, Smartphone, Luxímetro

Background/objectivesTo analyze mortality, costs, residents and personnel characteristics, in six long-term care facilities (LTCF) during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Spain.DesignEpidemiological study.SettingSix open LTCFs in Albacete (Spain).Participants198 residents and 190 workers from LTCF A were included, between 2020 March 6 and April 5. Epidemiological data were also collected from six LTCFs of Albacete for the same period of time, including 1,084 residents.MeasurementsBaseline demographic, clinical, functional, cognitive and nutritional variables were collected. 1-month and 3-month mortality was determined, excess mortality was calculated, and costs associated with the pandemics were analyzed.ResultsThe pooled mortality rate for the first month and first three months of the outbreak were 15.3% and 28.0%, and the pooled excess mortality for these periods were 564% and 315% respectively. In facility A, the percentage of probable COVID-19 infected residents were 33.6%. Probable infected patients were older, frail, and with a worse functional situation than those without COVID-19. The most common symptoms were fever, cough and dyspnea. 25 residents were transferred to the emergency department, 21 were hospitalized, and 54 were moved to the facility medical unit. Mortality was higher upon male older residents, with worse functionality, and higher comorbidity. During the first month of the outbreak, 65 (24.6%) workers leaved, mainly with COVID-19 symptoms, and 69 new workers were contracted. The mean number of days of leave was 19.2. Costs associated with the COVID-19 in facility A were estimated at € 276,281/month, mostly caused by resident hospitalizations, leaves of workers, staff replacement, and interventions of healthcare professionals.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic posed residents at high mortality risk, mainly in those older, frail and with worse functional status. Personal and economic costs were high.

ABSTRACT The selectivity of five entomopathogens and a chemical insecticide (positive control) to pupae and adults of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Nixon) was evaluated in the laboratory under controlled environmental conditions according to protocols established by the International Organization for Biological Control. Baculovirus anticarsia (Baculovirus AEE®), Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Thuricide®), Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai (Agree®), Beauveria bassiana (Boveril®), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metarril®) and Trichoderma harzianum (Trichodermil®) are harmless to T. remus pupae, and adults. Thus, our results suggest that the insect control strategies applied here are compatible since entomopathogens were classified as harmless to T. remus in most examined cases and therefore facilitate a joint application to control different pests. Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Dipel®), despite being classified as slightly harmful in some of the evaluations, can still be considered compatible for use together with T. remus, especially when compared with chemical insecticides such as chlorpyrifos that might be considered harmful to the parasitoid survival.

Este artículo analiza las relaciones entre el Reino Unido y la Unión Europea (UE), desde la ardua incorporación británica en la enton­ces Comunidad Europea hasta el fenómeno del Brexit. En este orden de ideas, este ensayo posee tres objetivos cardinales. El primero, evalúa las variables que han estado presentes a través de la historia en relación con el histórico distanciamiento británico vis-á-vis el proceso de integración del viejo continente. El segun­do, analiza desde una perspectiva histórica las administraciones de los ex primeros ministros británicos y sus intereses en relación con la membresía del Reino Unido en la UE. El tercer y último objetivo, crea un escenario hipotético inherente a las consecuencias que eventual­mente podrían presentarse para el Reino Uni­do y la UE en relación con el eventual fin de la membresía británica de la UE.

Este trabalho é o recorte de uma pesquisa de doutoramento que visou inserir a metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação de Resolução de Problemas para ensinar os conteúdos de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral. Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar uma sequência didática preparada para abordar o conteúdo de análise da variação de funções reais de uma variável real usando essa abordagem metodológica. A referida sequência didática foi aplicada em duas turmas dos cursos de Licenciaturas de uma universidade pública brasileira. Percebemos que essa tarefa contribuiu positivamente para a aprendizagem dos estudantes, pois a maioria dos participantes foi capaz de elaborar as conjecturas corretas e almejadas pelos pesquisadores. Outra contribuição desse trabalho está relacionada com o ensino, tecemos alguns comentários e dicas a professores que desejem inserir essa abordagem metodológica em sala, mas não se sintam familiarizados com a mesma.

O dedo azul não-isquémico espontâneo consiste no aparecimento súbito de uma coloração violácea digital isolada, sem outros sintomas associados e de resolução rápida e espontânea. É um fenómeno raro e benigno e constitui um diagnóstico de exclusão, sendo importante realizar o diagnóstico diferencial com outras etiologias mais frequentes, nomeadamente eventos trombóticos, isquémicos ou patologia autoimune. Descreve-se o caso de uma mulher de 83 anos, que recorreu à consulta de uma unidade de saúde por início súbito de cor violácea e edema do terceiro dedo da mão direita, indolor e sem envolvimento da extremidade distal. A avaliação analítica para trombofilias e autoimunidade revelou-se negativa, assim como a investigação imagiológica de isquemia ou trauma. Ao fim de sete dias a doente foi reavaliada, havendo resolução completa do quadro. Este caso assume importância devido à sua semelhança com patologias de prognóstico potencialmente mais grave.

A liberação de parasitoides de ovos para o controle biológico de pragas é uma técnica promissora no manejo integrado de pragas (IPM). Entretanto, há uma carência de informações sobre o desempenho de fêmeas do parasitoide em suas diferentes idades assim como do comportamento e parasitismo de Telenomus remus em ovos da praga em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento embrionário. Avaliou-se a relação entre idade do hospedeiro, idade do parasitoide e parasitismo de T. remus em ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda. Três bioensaios separados foram realizados, cada um em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. No primeiro bioensaio, as fêmeas de T. remus agrupadas por idade em dias (variando de 1 a 10 dias de idade) foram oferecidas 100 ± 20 ovos de S. frugiperda por 24 horas. No segundo bioensaio, 100 ± 20 ovos de S. frugiperda (24, 48 ou 72 horas de idade) foram oferecidos às fêmeas de T. remus por 24 horas. No terceiro bioensaio, ovos hospedeiros de 24, 48 e 72 horas de idade de S. frugiperda foram oferecidos para fêmeas de T. remus em teste de escolha. As variáveis avaliadas foram: número de ovos parasitados, emergência do parasitoide (%) e razão sexual da progênie nos bioensaios 1 e 2 e o número de ovos parasitados no bioensaio 3. A idade das fêmeas de T. remus não afetou o número de ovos de S. frugiperda parasitados ou a emergência da progênie. No entanto, a razão sexual foi mais tendenciosa no sexo masculino na progênie de fêmeas de 1 e 2 dias de idade em comparação com as vespas mais velhas. In bioassay 2, the highest parasitism was observed in 24- and 48-hour-old eggs. A porcentagem de emergência e a razão sexual não foram influenciadas pela idade dos ovos testados. Telenomus remus preferiu parasitar ovos de 24 horas no bioensaios 3. No geral, a idade das fêmeas de T. remus testadas não afetou o parasitismo dos ovos de S. frugiperda, mas o número de ovos parasitados diminuiu com o aumento da idade do hospedeiro.

Resumen:La circulación y consumo de la literatura del Renacimiento europeo en el virreinato peruano en los siglos XVI y XVII es el tema de mi ensayo. Propone el contexto histórico que hizo posible la constitución de un público lector en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI y la recepción de la literatura renacentista entre los miembros de la Academia Antártica.

Infestações e danos de Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), na cultura do milho e trigo no Brasil tem aumentado nos últimos anos, principalmente devido à sua capacidade de sobreviver ao período de entressafra. O controle deste inseto é realizado principalmente com inseticidas químicos, porém o desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos, como o controle biológico, pode contribuir para um manejo mais sustentável. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial de nematoides entomopatogênicos (NEPs) no controle de D. melacanthus. O teste de seleção foi realizado com 15 isolados dos gêneros Steinernema e Heterorhabditis quanto à patogenicidade e virulência sobre adultos de D. melacanthus. Foram realizados, também, teste de concentrações (10, 20, 40, 50 e 100 juvenis infectantes (JIs)/cm²) e teste em casa-de-vegetação, nos quais utilizou-se apenas o isolado Steinernema feltiae (IBCB-n 47). Todos os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os dados do teste de seleção foram submetidos ao teste de médias de Scott-Knott (P ? 0,05) e os do ensaio em casa-de-vegetação ao Teste-t de Student. Os resultados do ensaio de concentrações foram submetidos à análise de regressão. Todos os isolados apresentaram patogenicidade e virulência sobre adultos de D. melacanthus. Os isolados GL (Heterorhabditis amazonensis), IBCB-n27 (Steinernema sp.) e RSC05 (H. amazonensis) foram os mais virulentos (80,0; 82,0 e 88,0% de mortalidade respectivamente). As concentrações mais altas de S. feltiae (50 e 100 JIs/cm²) foram responsáveis pelas maiores taxas de mortalidade dos percevejos (88,0 e 86,0% respectivamente). No teste realizado em casa-de-vegetação, S. feltiae causou mortalidade (38%) superior ao controle.