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INTRODUÇÃO: A cifose em pacientes com mielomeningocele representa uma deformidade complexa, cujo tratamento é eminentemente cirúrgico, com altas taxas de complicação. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo é relatar os resultados e complicações observados no tratamento da cifose associada à mielomeningocele, assim como avaliar se a intervenção tem algum impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde desses pacientes. MÉTODO: Este é um estudo prospectivo de série de casos operados em três instituições em São Paulo nos anos de 2012 e 2013. A técnica utilizada foi a que é conhecida como \"de Dunn-McCarthy\", e consiste na cifosectomia e fixação posterior, utilizando-se hastes moldadas em \"S\" através dos forâmens de S1 associadas a parafusos pediculares na coluna torácica. Os resultados foram registrados como ângulo da cifose (pelo método de Cobb) antes e depois da cirurgia, além de tempo de cirurgia e de internação e volume de sangue transfundido. Os pacientes foram todos operados pela mesma equipe de cinco cirurgiões e responderam a dois módulos do questionário de qualidade de vida PedsQL, o módulo principal (questionário genérico, QG) e o módulo neuromuscular (MNM). Todos os eventos adversos foram registrados. RESULTADOS: No período do estudo, 31 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, mas 9,7% (3 pacientes) não completaram o período mínimo de seguimento de 2 anos, sendo excluídos da análise, resultando em 28 pacientes ao final. O tempo médio de seguimento dos pacientes que completaram o estudo foi de 3 anos (± 9 meses). Dos 28 pacientes, 28,6% (8) eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade no ato cirúrgico foi de 10 anos e 7 meses ( ± 20 meses). As cirurgias duraram em média 247 ( ± 68) minutos de pele a pele. Foram retirados em média 1,7 corpos vertebrais. Os pacientes receberam em média 0,6 concentrados de hemácias durante o procedimento. O tempo de internação médio foi de 14 ( ± 27) dias. Os pacientes tinham em média cifose de 130º ( ± 36) no pré-operatório, que foi corrigida para 56º (± 29) em média no pós-operatório imediato e se manteve como 60º ( ± 30) após dois anos. Houve necessidade de reoperação em 67,8% (19) dos pacientes. Desses, 64,2% (18) pacientes necessitaram de reoperações para limpeza cirúrgica e desbridamento e 17,8% (5) dos pacientes necessitaram de retirada do material de síntese para controle da infecção. Houve perda de redução e pseudoartrose em 10,7% (3) dos pacientes. Houve melhora estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001) de 5 pontos em média na qualidade de vida utilizando-se o QG e 8 pontos utilizando-se o MNM, principalmente devido ao componente de saúde física das escalas. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar das altas taxas de reoperação, a cifosectomia demonstrou ser um método eficiente para melhora de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde nesses pacientes INTRODUCTION: Severe myelomeningocele-related kyphosis is a complex deformity that demands surgical treatment, with high complication rates. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the kyphectomy on the health-related quality of life of affected patients. METHODS: This is prospective study of a case series of patients operated by the authors at three institutions in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2012 and 2013. The surgical technique used was the one originally described by Dunn-McCarthy, in which posterior fixation is made using \"S-shaped\" rods, inserted through the foramens of S1, associated with pedicle screws in the thoracic spine. All patients were operated by the same team of five surgeons. Cobb angles before and after surgery, surgical time, hospital stay and transfused blood volume were registered. The patients\' caregivers answered both the generic (core) and the specific (neuromuscular module) PedsQL questionnaire before and 2 years after surgery. All adverse events were registered. RESULTS: In the study period, 31 patients were operated but 9,7% (3) were lost for follow up and therefore excluded from the analysis. They were followed-up for 3 years (± 9 months). The average age at surgery of the remaining 28 patients was 10 years and 7 months, and 28,6% (8) patients were males. The surgeries lasted on average 247 ( ± 68) minutes from skin to skin. The mean hospitalization time was 14 (± 27) days. On average, 1.7 vertebral bodies were removed per patient. The mean follow-up time of patients who completed the study was 3 years ( ±9 months). The patients had on average 130º (± 36) kyphosis in the preoperative period, that was corrected to 56º ( ± 29) in the immediate postoperative period and remained as 60º ( ± 30) after two years. Reoperation was needed in 67,8% (19 patients), 64,2% (18) of these for surgical cleaning and debridement. 17,8% (5) patients needed implant removal to control infection. There was loss of reduction and pseudoarthrosis in 10,7% (3) of the patients. There was a significant improvement (p < 0,001) of 5 points on average in the generic and 8 in the neuromuscular PedsQL questionnaires, mainly due to the physical health component of the scales. CONCLUSIONS: Kyphectomy improves health-related quality of life in these patients with myelomeningocele, despite the high reoperation rate

Intoxicações por plantas do gênero Baccharis representam uma importante causa de morte em animais de produção. Baccharis coridifoliae Baccharis megapotamica são as espécies mais comuns e importantes. Nesse trabalho, são descritos os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um surto de intoxicação natural por Baccharis megapotamicavar. weirii em caprinos. Onze caprinos jovens, de um total de 152, foram afetados por uma doença aguda fatal. Os casos ocorreram em uma pequena propriedade rural no município de Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Grande quantidade de exemplares de Baccharis megapotamicavar. weirii em estágio de floração, foram encontrados onde os caprinos estavam. As plantas cresceram em áreas úmidas e alagadas. Os caprinos afetados tinham entre seis meses a um ano de idade e todos apresentaram sinais clínicos caracterizados por apatia, anorexia, prostração, diarreia, desidratação, desconforto abdominal, timpanismo, decúbito e morte. O curso clínico variou aproximadamente de 12 a 24 horas. Dos onze caprinos acometidos, três foram necropsiados. As alterações presentes em todas as necropsias incluíam desidratação, conteúdo líquido no rúmen, avermelhamento, erosões e úlceras da mucosa dos pré-estômagos, e avermelhamento na mucosa do abomaso e intestino. Um dos caprinos apresentou marcada hemorragia dos linfonodos mesentéricos. As lesões histológicas de todos os caprinos necropsiados incluíam hiperemia, hemorragia, alterações degenerativas, necróticas e ulcerativas variadas no revestimento epitelial do rúmen, retículo e omaso, e na mucosa do abomaso e de alguns segmentos do intestino delgado. Necrose do tecido linfoide foi observada em linfonodos mesentéricos e em agregados linfoides no intestino e folículos do baço. Poisoning by the toxic species of Baccharis is an important cause of death in farm animals. Baccharis coridifolia and Baccharis megapotamica are the most common and most important of this genus. Epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of a natural outbreak of intoxication by Baccharis megapotamica var. weiriiare described in goats. Eleven young goats from a herd of 152 goats were affected by an acute fatal disease. The cases occurred in a small farm in the municipality of Viamão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Large patches of blooming Baccharis megapotamica var. weirii were observed in the pastures where the goats were held, especially in wet and flooded spots. Affected goats were between six months to one year old and all showed signs including apathy, anorexia, weakness, diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal pain, bloat, decubitus and death. The clinical course was 12-24 hours. Three out of the eleven goats dead from the toxicosis were necropsied. Changes present in all necropsied goats included dehydration, liquid contents in the rumen, reddening, erosions and ulcers in the mucosae of the forestomachs, abomasum, and intestine. One goat had marked hemorrhage of mesenteric lymph nodes. Histological lesions of all animals included hyperemia as well as degenerative, necrotic, and ulcerative changes in the epithelial lining of rumen, reticulum, and omasum. Mucosae of the abomasum and of some sections of small and large intestines were also affected. Necrosis of lymphoid tissue was observed in mesenteric lymph nodes and in the lymphoid aggregates in intestine and in the follicles of spleen.

Currently, lower limb robotic rehabilitation is widely developed, However, the devices used so far seem to not have a uniform criteria for their design, because, on the contrary, each developed mechanism is often presented as if it does not take into account the criteria used in previous designs. On the other hand, the diagnosis of lower limb from robotic devices has been little studied. This chapter presents a guide for the design of robotic devices in diagnosis of lower limbs, taking into account the mobility of the human leg and the techniques used by physiotherapists in the execution of exercises and the rehabilitation of rehabilitation and diagnosis tests, as well as the recommendations made by various authors, among other aspects. The proposed guide is illustrated through a case study based on a parallel robot RPU+3UPS able to make movements that are applied during the processes of rehabilitation and diagnosis. The proposal presents advantages over some existing devices such as its load capacity that can support, and also allows you to restrict the movement in directions required by the rehabilitation and the diagnosis movements., in Spanish

Parallel manipulators (PM) started with the introduction of architectures with 6 Degree of Freedom (DoF), but a vast of applications require less than 6 DoF. In this respect, architectures for 3 and 4 DoF PM have been proposed. With respect to the 4 DoF most of the robots that have become prototypes are the kind of three translation and one rotation (3T1R) or 3R1T, yet relatively 4 DoF manipulators of the class 2R2T have been built. In this paper the stages for designing and prototyping, including the control architecture design of a 4 DoF PM with 2R2T are put forward. The choice of the DoF is based on the necessary motion for fulfilling the tasks for diagnosis and rehabilitation of human lower-limbs. First, the robot design including the inverse and forward kinematics equation is presented. Then, the prototype is described, and the hardware and control architecture are developed. A control scheme is implemented and the result showing the tracking accuracy of the proposed controller have been included, showing accurate response in terms of position error.

This paper proposes a two translational and two rotational (2T2R) four-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) parallel kinematic mechanism (PKM) designed as a knee rehabilitation and diagnosis mechatronics system. First, we establish why rehabilitation devices with 2T2R motion are required, and then, we review previously proposed parallel mechanisms with this type of motion. After that, we develop a novel proposal based on the analysis of each kinematic chain and the Grübler–Kutzbach criterion. Consequently, the proposal consists of a central limb with revolute-prismatic-universal (RPU) joints and three external limbs with universal-prismatic-spherical (UPS) joints. The Screw theory analysis verifies the required mobility of the mechanism. Also, closed-loop equations enable us to put forward the closed-form solution for the inverse-displacement model, and a numerical solution for the forward-displacement model. A comparison of the numerical results from five test trajectories and the solution obtained using a virtual prototype built in msc-adams shows that the kinematic model represents the mechanism's motion. The analysis of the forward-displacement problem highlights the fact that the limbs of the mechanism should be arranged asymmetrically. Moreover, the Screw theory makes it possible to obtain the Jacobian matrix which provides insights into the analysis of the mechanism's workspace. The results show that the proposed PKM can cope with the required diagnosis and rehabilitation task. The results provide the guidelines to build a first prototype of the mechanism which enables us to perform initial tests on the robot.

This study analyses the presence of gender segregation in Spanish exporting firms. Both women's access to managerial positions (vertical segregation) and women's achievement of managerial roles that are socially associated with communal attributes (horizontal segregation) are tested. We argue that boundary-spanning (henceforth, boundary management) in export interfirm relationships benefits from relational and communal skills and therefore could not only offer an opportunity for women to gain access to management positions but also put them at risk of falling into a rut before achieving other control-based managerial roles. This empirical study examines the characteristics (personal and firm-level) of Spanish female managers in charge of export management through independent channels. A multivariate analysis has been performed to compare female managers with male managers both in boundary management and in the position of finance director, a control position closer to a socially stereotyped masculine role. The results show that women have slightly higher access to boundary management jobs than finance management jobs, as well as a significantly lower promotion time than male colleagues, but they also corroborate that there is a smaller percentage of women than men in any management positions, with female managers working in younger firms with fewer resources for export activity.

The aim of this study was to compare how different dietary vegetable oil n-6/n-3 ratios affect gene responses involved in inflammation, signaling pathways, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, oxidation and apoptosis as well as eicosanoid production in salmon head kidney tissues and isolated head kidney leukocytes. Salmon smolts (200 g) were fed four different diets where the main lipid components were palm oil (n-6/n-3 ratio = 0.7), rapeseed oil (n-6/n-3 ratio = 0.9), and soybean oil (n-6/n-3 ratio = 2.4) and a high soybean oil diet with an n-6/n-3 ratio = 4. Both head kidney tissue and leukocytes isolated from head kidneys were sampled from the four diets, but from different fish. Leukocytes isolated from the head kidneys were seeded into culture wells and added lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory responses. Controls without LPS were included. Head kidney leukocytes and the tissues should have the same phenotype reflecting the different diets. Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) transcription was elevated in head kidney tissue and especially in LPS treated leukocytes isolated from soybean oil (n-6/n-3 = 2.4) fed salmon, which confirmed the suitability of the in vitro model in this experiment. Leukocytes, treated with LPS, and isolated from salmon fed the soybean oil diet (n-6/n-3 = 2.4) also upregulated tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α), cyclooxygenase (cox2), prostaglandin D and E synthase (ptgds, ptges), fatty acyl synthase (fas), 5 and 6 desaturases (5des, 6 des) and a fatty acid translocase protein (cd36) when compared to the other diets. The results suggest that diets with a specific n-6/n-3 ratio influence the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes and may be cross-linked to transcription of selected fatty acid metabolism genes. Salmon fed the palm oil diet (n-6/n-3 = 0.7) showed a lower expression of inflammatory genes. Instead, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor β1 (pparβ1), acyl coenzyme A (aco), apoptosis regulator (bax) and superoxide dismutase (sod) were upregulated in leukocytes in vitro, while head kidney tissue transcription of a dendritic marker (cd83) was lower than measured in tissues from fish fed the other diets. The concentration of LTB4 (10-20 ng/mL) were relatively constant in leukocyte supernatants, all diets. Head kidney leukocytes from soybean oil (n-6/n-3 = 2.4) fed fish produced LPS induced PGE2 (mean 0.5 ng/mL) while leukocytes isolated from palm oil diet (n-6/n-3 = 0.7) secreted very high amounts of LTB5 (50-70 ng/mL). In addition, equal amounts of LPS induced PGE2 and PGE3 (mean 0, 5 ng/mL) were produced, indicating that the n-6/n-3 ratio of this saturated fatty acid may have a specific impact on eicosanoid production in the head kidney of salmon.

The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is one of the most promising insect species for use in animal feed. However, studies investigating feed and food safety aspects of using black soldier fly as feed are scarce. In this study, we fed black soldier fly larvae feeding media enriched with seaweed, which contains naturally high concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential transfer of such undesirable substances from the feeding media to the larvae.The larvae accumulated cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic. Concentrations of these elements in the larvae increased when more seaweed was added to the feeding media. The highest retention was seen for cadmium (up to 93%) and the lowest for total arsenic (up to 22%). When seaweed inclusion exceeded 20% in the media, this resulted in larval concentrations of cadmium and total arsenic above the current European Union maximum levels for these elements in complete feed.Our results confirm that insect larvae can accumulate heavy metals and arsenic when present in the feeding media. A broader understanding of the occurrence of these undesirable substances in processed larvae products is needed to assess feed and food safety. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Based on two case studies, this chapter studies the articulation between sustainable innovations and territories. Using the conventionalist approach, and in particular the idea of the sustainability convention, this chapter analyses the territorial, economic and social dynamics of sustainable innovations in Western Switzerland’s photovoltaic industry and sustainable finance. The main result is that, contrary to ‘classical milieus’ where the innovative efforts are mainly on the supply side, sustainable innovations redefine considerably the relations with consumers, users and even citizens. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the concept of innovative milieu and its cognitive, financial and discursive aspects.

O Território do Cerrado brasileiro é constantemente vítima da exploração desenfreada, sem planejamento político e enraizada em uma história de um modelo sócio-econômico ultrapassado e desenvolvimentista, repleto de conflitos, interesses e de atendimento à demanda externa por meio de exportação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal colocar em pauta discussões e reflexões a respeito da sua (in)sustentabilidade sociopolítica, econômica e ambiental, devido às atividades de produção agro-industrial. Baseou-se em revisão bibliográfica especializada e reflexões críticas, contextualizando diversos clássicos da crítica literária e de autores referendados no mundo em se tratando de pesquisas e publicações na área social, política e ambiental. O resultado obtido consiste em concepções críticas e embasadas em uma nova perspectiva de conceber a exploração dos recursos naturais no bioma cerrado brasileiro. Tornam-se relevantes estudos desta magnitude, visto que não só podem oferecer maiores subsídios para trabalhos futuros, mas também contribuir para o desenvolvimento social e econômico local sustentável.

A simple method coupled to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was developed and validated for the extraction of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) from human plasma. The extraction protocol consisted of adding formic acid (10 μL) and acetonitrile (140 μL) to human plasma (50 μL) and further injection of the supernatant (25 μL) into the LC–MS/MS. The method was selective for PGE 2 and LTB 4 and the regression models, based on deuterated internal standards (30 ng mL −1 PGE 2 - d 4 and 40 ng mL −1 LTB 4 - d 4 ), were linear over the concentration range 1.0–50.0 ng mL −1 with limits of detection (3 × σ blank ) and quantification (6 × σ blank ) of 0.5 ng mL −1 and 1 ng mL −1 for both eicosanoids. The recovery ranges were 95.1–104.7% for PGE 2 and 86.4–103.2% for LTB 4 . The developed method was successfully implemented on plasma samples from patients before and after exposure to certain anti-inflammatory treatment.

This study assess which pathways and molecular processes are affected by exposing salmon head kidney cells or liver cells to arginine supplementation above the established requirements for growth support. In addition to the conventional mono cultures of liver and head kidney cells, co cultures of the two cell types were included in the experimental set up. Responses due to elevated levels of arginine were measured during inflammatory (lipopolysaccharide/LPS) and non -inflammatory conditions. LPS up regulated the genes involved in polyamine turnover; ODC (ornithine decarboxylase), SSAT (spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase) and SAMdc (S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase) in head kidney cells when co cultured with liver cells. Regardless of treatment, liver cells in co culture up regulated ODC and down regulated SSAT when compared to liver mono cultures. This suggests that polyamines have anti-inflammatory properties and that both salmon liver cells and immune cells seem to be involved in this process. The transcription of C/EBP β/CCAAT, increased during inflammation in all cultures except for liver mono cultures. The observed up regulation of this gene may be linked to glucose transport due to the highly variable glucose concentrations found in the cell media. PPARα transcription was also increased in liver cells when receiving signals from head kidney cells. Gene transcription of Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and CD83 were elevated during LPS treatment in all the head kidney cell cultures while arginine supplementation reduced IL-1β and IL-8 transcription in liver cells co cultured with head kidney cells. This is probably connected to p38MAPK signaling as arginine seem to affect p38MAPK signaling contrary to the LPS induced p38MAPK signaling, suggesting anti-inflammatory effects of arginine/arginine metabolites. This paper shows that co culturing these two cell types reveals the connection between metabolism and inflammation, suggesting different pathways and candidate biomarkers to be further explored.

Mucosal alterations after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity have not been clearly evaluated. This study aims to analyze the mucosal alterations (proliferative status (Ki-67); apoptosis (caspase-3 and BCL-2); hormonal function (gastrin)) in the excluded stomach. Double-balloon enteroscopy was performed in 35 patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass longer than 36 months. Multiple biopsies of the proximal pouch and the excluded gastric mucosa were collected. Gastric biopsies from 32 non-operated obese patients were utilized as controls. Endoscopic biopsies were cut from tissue blocks fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections 4 μm thick were examined for immunoexpression using the streptavidin–biotin–peroxidase method. The two groups were comparable for age, gender, gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and Helicobacter pylori. The mean number of positive gastrin cells was 55.5 (standard deviation (SD) = 11.7) in the control group and 29.6 (SD = 7.9) in the cases, p = 0.0003. Ki-67 proliferative index in cases (body = 24.7 %, antrum = 24.9 %) was significantly higher compared to controls (body = 15.0 % and antrum = 17.7 %), p = 0.002 and 0.01, respectively. Caspase-3 immunoexpression was higher in the controls compared to the excluded stomach (46 vs. 31 %), p = 0.02. There was no statistical difference between CD3, CD8, and Bcl-2 immunoexpressions in the control and cases. Cell proliferation is increased and apoptosis is downregulated in the excluded gastric mucosa compared to the non-operated obese controls. Alterations in cell turnover and in hormonal secretions in these conditions may be of relevance in long-term follow-up.

Reduced mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation can cause accumulation of triglyceride in liver, while intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been recommended as a promising novel therapy to decrease hepatic triglyceride content. However, reduced mitochondrial FA β-oxidation also facilitates accumulation of EPA. To investigate the interplay between EPA administration, mitochondrial activity and hepatic triglyceride accumulation, we investigated the effects of EPA administration to carnitine-deficient mice with impaired mitochondrial FA β-oxidation. C57BL/6J mice received a high-fat diet supplemented or not with 3% EPA in the presence or absence of 500 mg mildronate/kg/day for 10 days. Liver mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidation, lipid classes and FA composition were determined. Histological staining was performed and mRNA level of genes related to lipid metabolism and inflammation in liver and adipose tissue was determined. Levels of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and cytokines were measured in plasma. The results showed that mildronate treatment decreased hepatic carnitine concentration and mitochondrial FA β-oxidation and induced severe triglyceride accumulation accompanied by elevated systemic inflammation. Surprisingly, inclusion of EPA in the diet exacerbated the mildronate-induced triglyceride accumulation. This was accompanied by a considerable increase of EPA accumulation while decreased total n-3/n-6 ratio in liver. However, inclusion of EPA in the diet attenuated the mildronate-induced mRNA expression of inflammatory genes in adipose tissue. Taken together, dietary supplementation with EPA exacerbated the triglyceride accumulation induced by impaired mitochondrial FA β-oxidation. Thus, further thorough evaluation of the potential risk of EPA supplementation as a therapy for NAFLD associated with impaired mitochondrial FA oxidation is warranted.

Boelaert et al. [1] compared UPLC–MS/MS with ELISA assays for the determination of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), two endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis [2], in serum of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and healthy subjects.[...]

Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure has been a public health problem for many decades. There is a growing interest in searching for possible dietary nutrients that may affect MeHg toxicity. The study aims to evaluate the impact of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on modulating MeHg toxicity in mice. The study was based on a two-level factorial design, where the factors were presence or absence of EPA and MeHg in the feed. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based lipidomics approach was used to identify and quantify the main phospholipid species in mouse liver and plasma. The effects of EPA and MeHg on phospholipid species were evaluated by principal component analysis and statistics. Some biochemical and toxicological markers were measured and hepatic histological assay was carried out. EPA treatment significantly elevated the phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) species that contain n-3 PUFA, and reduced the levels of PtdCho and PtdEtn species that contain arachidonic acid (ARA), while MeHg exhibited opposite effects on these specific PtdCho species in liver. MeHg induced higher prostaglandin E2 and lower prostaglandin E3, thus increasing pro-inflammatory factors, while EPA decreased these ARA-derived inflammatory factors. Moreover, MeHg induced chronic inflammatory symptoms in mice, including severe hepatic necrosis, higher aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities in plasma, higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lower glutathione in liver. These symptoms were all alleviated by EPA treatment. EPA may have protective effect against MeHg-induced toxicity due to the favorable modification of membrane phospholipid composition and inhibition of inflammatory factors.

Protozoal diseases caused by species of Sarcocystiscan cause serious damage in sheep flocks, inducing decreased growth conversion rates and partial or complete loss of carcasses at the slaughterhouse. This article describes an outbreak of Sarcocystis giganteainfection in sheep slaughtered in a farm in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Between July and September 2013, three sheep showed multiple nodules in the esophagus that were microscopically characterized as encapsulated cysts filled with elongated, basophilic, nucleated structures morphologically consistent with S. giganteabradyzoites. Diagnosis was made based on the epidemiological, macroscopic, and microscopic findings. This is the first report of this infection in sheep in Rio Grande do Sul and should be recognized by veterinarians, especially during meat inspection. RESUMO: Doenças causadas por protozoários do gênero Sarcocystispodem causar sérios prejuízos em rebanhos de ovinos, por induzirem retardo no crescimento e condenação parcial ou total das carcaças em abatedouro. O presente trabalho descreve a infecção natural por Sarcocystis giganteaem ovinos abatidos em uma propriedade rural no Rio grande do Sul. Entre julho e setembro de 2013, três ovinos apresentaram múltiplos nódulos no esôfago, os quais, microscopicamente, corresponderam a cistos circundados por cápsula rugosa, repletos de estruturas alongadas, basofílicas e nucleadas, morfologicamente compatíveis com bradizoítos de S. gigantea.Os dados epidemiológicos unidos aos achados macroscópicos e microscópicos permitiram o diagnóstico conclusivo. Esse foi o primeiro relato dessa infecção no Rio Grande Sul e deve ser reconhecida por veterinários de campo e especialmente no momento da inspeção das carcaças no abatedouro.

Nowadays, rehabilitation robots represent a field in which a variety of robotic devices have been proposed. One example of such devices is lower-limb rehabilitation robots. Specifically, the knee joint is one of the joints whose rehabilitation is foreseen as a potential task for a robot device. This paper describes the design of a robot for knee diagnosis and rehabilitation. First, we established the design specification by studying the mobility needed at the robot’s end-effector to deal with diagnosis and rehabilitation treatments for knee injuries. The analysis led us to conclude that \(4^{\circ }\) of freedom (DoF), two translation (2T) and two rotational (2R), are needed in order to meet the design specifications. After that, we chose a parallel robot with a 3-UPS/RPU architecture from several conceptual designs of 4 DoF (2T2R) parallel robots. For the chosen robot, we developed the inverse kinematic model, and also we established the preliminary dimensions of the robot. Through simulations, we found the workspace of the robot showing that its end-effector is able to follow a prescribed task taken from studying the leg motion. Finally, we built a prototype, which is currently undergoing dynamic modelling, parameter identification and control design stages.

A Plackett-Burman design was used for screening 12 variables that could affect the mass spectrometry signals of phosphatidylcholines (PtdCho) and proposing optimal fragmentation conditions to study the fragmentation mechanisms of PtdCho standards. Under optimal conditions, three well-established methods for extracting phospholipids from biological samples, specifically liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), were compared in terms of the number of regiospecifically characterized PtdCho by means of liquid chromatography three-stage mass spectrometry (LCMS 3 ). The same number of PtdCho species (35) were characterized by LCMS3 in the LLE and NPLC fractions, whereas only 15 in the HPTLC fraction.

A simple extraction method for the analysis of PGE 2 and PGF 2α in gonad samples from Atlantic cod and further quantification by using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry is proposed. The evaluation of the best solvent extraction conditions and the analytical performance parameters are reported. The method was highly selective for both prostaglandins and the calibration curves, based on the internal standard method, were linear between 5 and 1000 ng mL −1 for PGE 2 and PGF 2α , with limits of detection of 1 ng mL −1 and 1.5 ng mL −1 and recovery values of 99.999 ± 0.002 and 99.967 ± 0.023 respectively. The homogenization of samples using liquid nitrogen combined with the developed extraction protocol can be implemented in different types of biological tissues.

Understanding pathogen recognition and mechanisms in Atlantic cod are of significant importance for both basic research on wild populations and health management in aquaculture. A microarray approach was utilized to search for effects of viral (polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid), bacterial (lipopolysaccharide) and polyclonal activator (phytohaemoagglutinin) stress in Atlantic cod head kidney cells. LPS cell activation increased mRNA expression of interleukin 8; interleukin-1β; cyclooxygenase 2; leukocyte derived chemotaxin 2; carboxyl-esterase 2 and environmental biomarker cytochrome P450 1A. Mitogen activated protein kinase p38 and cathepsin F were down regulated by LPS. The antiviral responses induced by double stranded RNA clearly increased transcription of Toll like receptor 3 and interferon stimulating gene 15. The phytohaemoagglutinin response seemed to be more non-specific. Special for the phytohaemoagglutinin induction was the increase in major histocompatibility complex class I. CC chemokine type 2 mRNA expression was increased by phytohaemoagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide and polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid, while mitogen activated protein kinase p38 and leukocyte derived chemotaxin 2 were down regulated by phytohaemoagglutinin. Oxidative stress related genes like catalase and glutaredoxin and the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 showed no transcriptional changes compared to control in any of the treatments. Eicosanoids like prostaglandin 2, leukotriene B4 and B5 were constitutively produced by cod head kidney cells in vitro. The most remarkable feature of eicosanoid secretion is the higher production of leukotrienes against prostaglandins, indicating that the lipooxygenase pathway is preferred over the cyclooxygenase pathway. Although there were no significant differences in eicosanoid secretion between the groups, polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid showed a clear tendency to increase the levels of leukotriene B4 and B5. This study reveals distinct signatures of bacteria and virus transcriptional responses in cod head kidney cells. In addition, the novel finding that cytochrome P450 1A was upregulated during the antibacterial response indicates a connection between immunity and aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation in Atlantic cod.

Hydrolyzed fish proteins (H-pro) contain high concentrations of free amino acids and low molecular peptides that potentially may benefit fish health. The following study aimed to test whether the water-soluble phase of H-pro could attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) provoked inflammation in liver cells and head kidney cells isolated from Atlantic salmon. Cells were grown as mono cultures or co cultures to assess possible crosstalk between immune cells and metabolic cells during treatments. Cells were added media with or without H-pro for 2 days before LPS exposure and harvested 24 h post LPS exposure. Respective cells without H-pro and LPS were used as controls. H-pro alone could affect expression of proteins directly as H-pro increased catalase protein expression in head kidney- and liver cells, regardless of culturing methods and LPS treatment. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production was also increased by H-pro in head kidney cells co cultured with liver cells. H-pro increased LPS induced interleukin 1β (IL-1β) transcription in liver cells co cultured with head kidney cells. All cultures of head kidney cells showed a significant increase in IL-1β transcription when treated with H-pro + LPS. H-pro decreased caspase-3 transcription in liver cells cultured co cultured with head kidney cells. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPAR α) was upregulated, regardless of treatment, in liver cells co cultured with head kidney cells clearly showing that culturing method alone affected gene transcription. H-pro alone and together with LPS as an inflammation inducer, affect both antioxidant and inflammatory responses.

Dans une perspective institutionnaliste et territoriale, cet article interroge le couplage entre la finance de marché d’une part et l’économie réelle d’autre part. La crise actuelle est présentée comme le résultat d’une autonomisation progressive de la finance vis-à-vis de l’économie réelle, qui peut être comprise comme la construction d’une géographie spécifique, caractérisée par une extrême concentration dans les principales places financières mondiales et d’un contrôle qui s’exerce à partir de là vers les régions productrices d’une part et vers les sources d’épargne d’autre part. L’économie réelle de son côté est restée organisée de manière plus traditionnelle, la cohérence du marché du travail et de l’accumulation des connaissances résidant toujours pour l’essentiel à l’échelle des régions et des nations. C’est aussi à ces échelles que se posent les préoccupations sociales et environnementales est qu’est donc organisée la reproduction des ressources. Dès lors, les réflexions sur un système financier alternatif nécessiteraient de repenser la manière dont on articule les investisseurs et les entreprises avec les contextes régionaux et nationaux qui leur permettent de développer leur fortune et de développer leurs activités. Based on an institutional and territorial approach, this article questions the linkages between financial and real economy. The current crisis is seen as the result of an autonomy process of finance towards the real economy, which can be understood as the implementation of a specific geography with the very concentration and control in the main financial world places of the productive regions on the one hand and of the savings flows on the other. On the opposite, the real economy is still organized in a more traditionnel manner as the coherence of the work market and the accumulation of knowledge is still mainly based on regional and national scales. The social and environmental concerns and the reproduction of resources also occur at these scales. Consequently, new insights on a alternative financial system would contain the way investors and firms are connected with regional and national contexts that give the opportunity to invest and to develop their activities.

Vegetable oils (Vo) are an alternative to fish oil (Fo) in aquaculture feeds. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary soybean oil (Vo diet), rich in linoleic acid, and of dietary fish oil (Fo diet) on the development of spinal deformities under bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic inflammation conditions in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Fish [25 g body weight (BW)] were fed the experimental diets for 99 days. On day 47 of feeding (40 g BW), fish were subjected to four experimental regimes: (i) intramuscular injections with LPS, (ii) sham-injected phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (iii) intraperitoneally injected commercial oil adjuvant vaccine, or (iv) no treatment. The fish continued under a common feeding regime in sea water for 165 more days. Body weight was temporarily higher in the Vo group than in the Fo group prior to immunization and was also affected by the type of immunization. At the end of the trial, no differences were seen between the dietary groups. The overall prevalence of spinal deformities was approximately 14% at the end of the experiment. The Vo diet affected vertebral shape but did not induce spinal deformities. In groups injected with LPS and PBS, spinal deformities ranged between 21% and 38%, diet independent. Deformed vertebrae were located at or in proximity to the injection point. Assessment of inflammatory markers revealed high levels of plasma prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in the Vo-fed and LPS-injected groups, suggesting an inflammatory response to LPS. Cyclooxigenase 2 (COX-2) mRNA expression in bone was higher in fish fed Fo compared to Vo-fed fish. Gene expression of immunoglobulin M (IgM) was up-regulated in bone of all LPS-injected groups irrespective of dietary oil. In conclusion, the study suggests that Vo is not a risk factor for the development of inflammation-related spinal deformities. At the same time, we found evidence that localized injection-related processes could trigger the development of vertebral body malformations.

The information on binding capacity of different fatty acids (FAs) to albumin is not fully elucidated, however, in the majority of in vitro experiments, FAs and albumin were simply mixed and their affinity believed to be complete. In this study, seven [1- 14 C] FAs were mixed with albumin and assayed for β-oxidation in rat liver homogenates. In the process of identifying the radioactive background of control assay by LCMS/MS, the results indicated different binding capacity of FAs to albumin. The percentage of unbound FAs recovered in clarified acidic solution was lower than 2% with 16:0 and 18:1n-9, nearly 5% with EPA, 7% with 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 and 20:4n-6, and surprisingly high to 41% with DHA. Various FA/ albumin molar ratios as well as different types of albumin only marginally affected these data. Thus, the big mass of unbound free DHA led to a high blank value, which is 60 times higher than the real value in the procedure of β-oxidation measurement in vitro. In the design of future FA research in vitro, the binding capacity of FA to albumin or other proteins must be considered, especially for DHA research.

The traditional approach to assessing eicosanoids in cell cultures by liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry involves time-consuming procedures such as derivatisation, degradation, solid-phase extraction, liquid- liquid extraction, thin layer chromatography and sometimes, combination of all these procedures prior to the injection of the sample in the chromatography system. The performance of a method that allows the direct injection of redissolved cell culture media into a single-column liquid chromatography instrument coupled to mass spectrometry is evaluated. The ex- ternal standard calibration curves were linear between 1-50 ng/ml for Williams' medium E and L-15 medium. The limit of detection and quantification were 0.5 and 1 ng/ml in both media respectively. The recovery values were 98.6% for Wil- liams' medium E and 100.3% for L-15 medium. The internal standard method was not used for quantitative purposes due to the variability of the response factor. The proposed method has potential for broad implementation in monitoring bio- markers in cell cultures.

Although a wide variety of articles on quantification of eicosanoids by using internal standards are published every year, little has been done on how much internal standard should be added. This article demonstrates that the application of experimental design enables estimating the interaction eicosanoid/internal standard and to select confidently an optimal amount of internal standard and a response factor (RF) for the analysis of eicosanoids in a high number of samples, where the amount of sample is limited and the unknown levels of eicosanoids are spanned in a wide range of concentrations. The results revealed that the interaction eicosanoid/internal standard is an important factor that affects the validity of the RF and subsequently the accuracy of the analysis.

It is suggested that power analysis should be formally incorporated into quantification experiment reports in order to substantiate the conclusions derived from experimental data more effectively. The article addressed the issues of power analysis calculation, sample size estimation and appropriate data reporting in quantitative analytical comparisons. Illustrative examples from the literature are used to show how the described power analysis theory could be applied in practice.

Objectives:The lumbar kyphosis in patients with myelomeningocele is a complex deformity whose treatment is mainly surgical. The objective of this study is to summarize the results and complications obtained by the group in 2012 with respect to this group of patients.Method:Performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records and radiographs of patients consecutively operated in 2012. The technique was originally described by Dunn-McCarthy and consists of kyphectomy and posterior fixation using S-shaped Luque rods through the foramina of S1 associated with pedicle screws in the thoracic spine.Results:Six patients were included in the study. The age at surgery was 11 years and 7±22 months and the weight was 29.1±11.9 kg. The procedure lasted 271±87 minutes, with the removal of one or two (mean 1.5) vertebrae from the apex of the kyphosis. Hospitalization time was 10±9 days. The lumbar kyphosis measuring 116.3±37 degrees preoperatively was reduced to 62.5±21 degrees. All patients began to sit without support and to lie in the supine position. Four patients developed postoperative infection and required surgical debridement at the follow-up. One patient had the implant removed after a year due to loosening of the rod in the sacrum.Conclusion:The surgical technique allows excellent functional results in the correction of lumbar kyphosis in patients with myelomeningocele despite high complication rates. It is necessary to conduct studies with a larger number of patients and duration of follow-up to assess whether the use of pedicle screws will decrease the rate of loosening and pseudoarthrosis. Objetivos:A cifose lombar em pacientes com mielomeningocele é uma deformidade complexa cujo tratamento é eminentemente cirúrgico. O objetivo deste estudo é resumir os resultados e complicações obtidos pela equipe, em 2012, com relação a esse grupo de pacientes.Método:Foi feita análise retrospectiva dos prontuários e radiografias de pacientes operados consecutivamente em 2012. A técnica utilizada foi descrita originalmente por Dunn-McCarthy e consiste em cifosectomia e fixação posterior utilizando-se hastes moldadas em "S" através dos forames de S1 associados a parafusos pediculares na coluna torácica.Resultados:Foram incluídos seis pacientes no estudo. A idade à realização da cirurgia foi de 11 anos e 7 ± 22 meses e o peso foi 29,1 ± 11,9 kg. O procedimento durou 271 ± 87 minutos, com a retirada de uma ou duas (média de 1,5) vértebras do ápice da cifose. O tempo de internação foi de 10 ± 9 dias. A cifose lombar que media 116,3 ± 37 graus no pré-operatório foi reduzida para 62,5 ± 21 graus. Todos os pacientes passaram a sentar sem apoio e a deitar na posição supina. Quatro pacientes evoluíram com infecção pós-operatória e necessitaram de limpeza cirúrgica no seguimento. Um paciente teve o implante retirado após um ano, devido à soltura da haste no sacro.Conclusão:A técnica cirúrgica utilizada permite resultados funcionais excelentes na correção da cifose lombar em pacientes com mielomeningocele, apesar das altas taxas de complicações. É preciso realizar estudos com maior número de pacientes e tempo de seguimento para se avaliar se a utilização de parafusos pediculares diminuirá a taxa de soltura e pseudoartrose. Objetivos:La cifosis lumbar en pacientes con mielomeningocele es una deformidad compleja cuyo tratamiento es principalmente quirúrgico. El objetivo de este estudio es resumir los resultados y complicaciones obtenidos por el equipo en 2012, con respecto a este grupo de pacientes.Método:Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de las historias clínicas y las radiografías de los pacientes intervenidos consecutivamente en 2012. La técnica fue descrita originalmente por Dunn-McCarthy y constituye en cifosectomía y fijación posterior con los tallos en forma de "S" a través de los forámenes de S1 asociados con tornillos pediculares en la columna torácica.Resultados:Se incluyeron 6 pacientes en el estudio. La edad a la cirugía fue de 11 años y 7 ± 22 mmeses y el peso fue 29,1 ± 11,9 kg. El procedimiento duró 271 ± 87 minutos, con la eliminación de una o dos (media 1,5) vértebras desde el ápice de la cifosis. El tiempo de hospitalización fue de 10 ± 9 días. La cifosis lumbar midiendo 116,3 ± 37 grados antes de la operación se redujo a 62,5 ± 21 grados. Todos los pacientes empezaron a sentarse sin apoyo y acostarse en la posición supina. Cuatro pacientes desarrollaron infección postoperatoria y requirieron limpieza quirúrgica en el seguimiento. Un paciente tuvo el implante retirado después de un año debido al aflojamiento del tallo en el sacro.Conclusión: La técnica quirúrgica utilizada permite excelentes resultados funcionales en la corrección de la cifosis lumbar en pacientes con mielomeningocele a pesar de altas tasas de complicaciones. Es necesario realizar estudios con mayor número de pacientes y tiempo de seguimiento para evaluar si el uso de tornillos pediculares puede reducir el aflojamiento y la pseudoartrosis.

Future feed for farmed fish are based on untraditional feed ingredients, which will change nutrient profiles compared to traditional feed based on marine ingredients. To understand the impact of oils from different sources on fish health, n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were added to salmon head kidney cells, in a fully crossed design, to monitor their individual and combined effects on gene expression. Exposing salmon head kidney cells to single fatty acids, arachidonic acid (AA) or decosahexaenoic acid (DHA), resulted in down-regulation of cell signaling pathway genes and specific fatty acid metabolism genes as well as reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) had no impact on gene transcription in this study, but reduced the cell secretion of PGE2. The combined effect of AA + EPA resulted in up-regulation of eicosanoid pathway genes and the pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Bclx (an inducer of apoptosis) and fatty acid translocase (CD36) as well as increased cell secretion of PGE2 into the media. Adding single fatty acids to salmon head kidney cells decreased inflammation markers in this model. The combination AA + EPA acted differently than the rest of the fatty acid combinations by increasing the inflammation markers in these cells. The concentration of fatty acid used in this experiment did not induce any lipid peroxidation responses.

Submitted by Haia Cristina Rebouças de Almeida (haia.almeida@uniceub.br) on 2015-08-05T19:35:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 21100650.pdf: 305195 bytes, checksum: d7405921cb9be5d7f435de6d3465509f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-05T19:35:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 21100650.pdf: 305195 bytes, checksum: d7405921cb9be5d7f435de6d3465509f (MD5) O aumento dos preços e o crescimento da demanda mundial por carne bovina vem exigindo dos produtores de gado, cada vez mais, buscar meios mais eficientes para administrar fazendas, uma vez que, se faz necessário melhorar a produtividade dentro da pecuária. Para que a produção da fazenda São João de Serra atenda a demanda e sem comprometer seus custos, é necessário entender a cadeia de valor da produção de gado e seus indicadores, buscando acompanhar e melhorar o desempenho de seus resultados. Neste contexto, o presente artigo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar os principais indicadores para uma gestão eficiente da cadeia de valor da fazenda São João da Serra. O método de procedimento usado nesse artigo foi a pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória que por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada levantou os macroprocessos e a cadeia de valor da fazenda. A partir da pesquisa documental foi possível identificar e analisar os indicadores acompanhados que são relevantes para o entendimento da cadeia de valor. Constatou-se que os processos de negócios estão estruturados com suas atividades e indicadores bem definidos, o que possibilitou compreender o processo de melhoria dos resultados. A análise dos indicadores monitorados pelo fazendeiro levou-nos a inferir que, nos últimos anos, fazenda vem crescendo, aumentando seu rebanho, bem como a quantidade de carne produzida. A partir das variáveis acompanhadas é possível observar a eficiência e eficácia da cadeia de valor.

An overview on experimental design in quantification experiments using the internal standard technique is described. Particular emphasis is given to the modelling of the relationship analyte/internal standard and the estimation of the optimal amount of internal standard to be used throughout the analytical concentration range by using a uniform shell design with a minimum number of seven experiments. The described approach is demonstrated in the analysis of cholesterol in various reference materials by gas chromatography (GC), using alpha-5 cholestan as internal standard. The outlined approaches can be applied in the determination of any kind of analyte.

An approach to the estimation of possible different sources of variation found in proficiency testing experiments is described. Four errors namely, technique, analyst, laboratory and geographical location are considered and calculated by using a rational experimental design based on hierarchical classification. The treatment of the confidence of the design over different experimental arrangements is explored and visualised by calculating a function that depends only on the design and not on the experimental response. An illustrative example based on simulated data is used to show how the theory could be applied in practice.

Whilst human and animal experimentation receives much attention every year by the general media, the public and the scientific community, little has been done on how to reduce the number of living subjects to be submitted to experimental research. Researchers who design human and animal experiments are conscious that trials on such subjects present a problem, which is not only scientific, but also ethical. The national research and ethics committees regulate the selection and number of patients or mammals to be treated and make the justification of the number of living subjects an aspect of paramount importance in different scientific disciplines. However, a rational methodology to estimate a sensible number that is in accordance with the parameters of the Association of Research Ethics Committees has not been well explored. In this article, a simple statistical approach for the study of the confidence in a model is proposed. The approach can pave the way to a potentially useful method to estimate a sensible number of subjects which is in accordance with the general principles of ethical bodies from all over the world.

The article presents a comprehensive account of the application of chemometric approaches to determine the factors that influence the tri-alpha-linolenoylglycerol (TALG) ammoniated adduct signal m/z 890.6 in an ion-trap mass spectrometer coupled to a liquid chromatograph and the estimation of different sources of errors involved in TALG calibration experiments. It was found that by using experimental design, the influence of the nebulizer pressure on the analytical signal is less pronounced than the influence of the drying gas flow and the chromatographic flow rate. The results revealed that without using tandem mass or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, it is possible to fragment the TALG backbone and obtain the free alpha-linolenic acid by varying the drying gas flow and using an electrospray interface. The error decomposition approach revealed that the preparation error was 26 times higher than the instrumental error.

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae are a promising source of protein and lipid for animal feeds. The nutritional composition of the BSF larvae depend partly on the composition of the feeding medium. The BSF lipid profile in part mimics the feeding media lipid profile, and micronutrients, like minerals and vitamins, can readily accumulate in black soldier fly larvae. However, investigative studies on bioconversion and accumulation of nutrients from media to black soldier fly larvae are scarce. Here we show that inclusion of the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum in the substrate for black soldier fly larvae can introduce valuable nutrients, commonly associated with the marine environment, into the larvae. The omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), iodine and vitamin E concentrations increased in the larvae when more seaweed was included in the diet. When the feeding media consisted of more than 50% seaweed, the larvae experienced poorer growth, lower nutrient retention and lower lipid levels, compared to a pure plant based feeding medium. Our results confirm the plasticity of the nutritional make-up of black soldier fly larvae, allowing it to accumulate both lipid- and water-soluble compounds. A broader understanding of the effect of the composition of the feeding media on the larvae composition can help to tailor black soldier fly larvae into a nutrient profile more suited for specific feed or food purposes. Modulation of nutrient composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae by feeding seaweed-enriched media Norges Forskningsråd - AQUAFLY 238997 RAFFPINN 220634

O Território do Cerrado brasileiro é constantemente vítima da exploração desenfreada, sem planejamento político e enraizada em uma história de um modelo sócio-econômico ultrapassado e desenvolvimentista, repleto de conflitos, interesses e de atendimento à demanda externa por meio de exportação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal colocar em pauta discussões e reflexões a respeito da sua (in)sustentabilidade sociopolítica, econômica e ambiental, devido às atividades de produção agro-industrial. Baseou-se em revisão bibliográfica especializada e reflexões críticas, contextualizando diversos clássicos da crítica literária e de autores referendados no mundo em se tratando de pesquisas e publicações na área social, política e ambiental. O resultado obtido consiste em concepções críticas e embasadas em uma nova perspectiva de conceber a exploração dos recursos naturais no bioma cerrado brasileiro. Tornam-se relevantes estudos desta magnitude, visto que não só podem oferecer maiores subsídios para trabalhos futuros, mas também contribuir para o desenvolvimento social e econômico local sustentável.