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Repetitive brain trauma from boxing may lead to progressive neurological deterioration producing memory disorders, behavioral and personality changes, and gait abnormalities; chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) being associated with these.1 Three stages of clinical deterioration in CTE are discussed in a review by Mckee et al.2 Affective disturbances and psychotic features demonstrate the first stage. The second stage shows social instability, erratic behavior, memory loss, and initial symptoms of Parkinson disease. The third stage has progressive cognitive dysfunction leading to dementia, full-blown Parkinsonism, speech and gait abnormalities. Furthermore, it reported that personality or behavior changes were seen in 65% of individuals with neuropathological evidence of CTE, which includes aggression or violence in 70%, confusion in 55%, dysphoria in 48%, paranoia in 42%, irritability in 39%, agitation in 24%, apathy in 9% and hypersexuality in 3%.

Abandoned mines are an important global concern and continue to pose real or potential threats to human safety and health including environmental damage/s. Very few countries had government mine regulation and reclamation policies until the latter part of the century where legal, financial and technical procedures were required for existing mining operations. Major reasons for mine closure may be mainly due to poor economies of the commodity making mining unprofitable, technical difficulties and national security. If the mine is abandoned, more often than not it is the government that shoulders the burden of clean-up, monitoring and remediation. The topic of abandoned mines is complex because of the associated financial and legal liability implications. Abandoned mercury mines have been identified as one of the major concerns because of their significant long-term environmental problems. Primary mercury production is still ongoing in Spain, Kyrgzystan, China, Algeria, Russia and Slovakia while world production declined substantially in the late 1980s. In the Philippines, the mercury mine located southeast of Manila was in operation from 1955 to 1976, before ceasing operation because of the decline in world market price for the commodity. During this time, annual production of mercury was estimated to be about 140,000 kg of mercury yearly. Approximately 2,000,000 t of mine-waste calcines (retorted ore) were produced during mining and roughly 1,000,000 t of these calcines were dumped into nearby Honda Bay to construct a jetty to facilitate mine operations where about 2000 people reside in the nearby three barangays. In October, 1994 the Department of Health received a request from the Provincial Health Office for technical assistance relative to the investigation of increasing complaints of unusual symptoms (e.g. miscarriages, tooth loss, muscle weakness, paralysis, anemia, tremors, etc.) among residents of three barangays. Initial health reports revealed significant elevation of blood mercury levels exceeding the then recommended exposure level of 20ppb in 12 out of the 43 (27.9%) residents examined. The majority of the volunteers were former mine workers. In this study the abnormal findings included gingivitis, mercury lines, gum bleeding and pterydium. The most common neurologic complaints were numbness, weakness, tremors and incoordination. Anemia and elevated liver function tests were also seen in a majority of those examined. The assessment also revealed a probable association between blood mercury level and eosinophilia. The same association was also seen between high mercury levels and the presence of tremors and working in the mercury mine. To date, there are very limited environmental and health studies on the impact of both total and methylmercury that have been undertaken in the Philippines. Thus, this area of study was selected primarily because of its importance as an emerging issue in the country, especially regarding the combined effects of total and methylmercury low-dose and continuous uptake from environmental sources. At present the effects of total mercury exposure combined with MeHg consumption remain an important issue, especially those of low-dose and continuous uptake. Results of the study showed that four (4) species of fish, namely ibis, tabas, lapu-lapu and torsillo, had exceeded the recommended total mercury and methylmercury levels in fish (NV>0.5 microg/gf.w., NV>0.3 microg/gf.w., respectively). Saging and kanuping also exceeded the permissible levels for methylmercury. Total and methylmercury in canned fish, and total mercury in rice, ambient air and drinking water were within the recommended levels, however, additional mercury load from these sources may contribute to the over-all body burden of mercury among residents in the area. Surface water quality at the mining area, Honda Bay and during some monitoring periods at Palawan Bay exceeded total mercury standards (NV>0.002 ng/mL). Soil samples in two sites, namely Tagburos and Honda Bay, exceeded the EPA Region 9 Primary Remediation Goal recommended values for total mercury for residential purposes (NV>23 mg/kg). The hand to mouth activity among infants and children is another significant route for mercury exposure. Statistically significant results were obtained for infants when comparing the results after one year of monitoring for methylmercury levels in hair for both exposed and control sub-groups. Likewise, comparing the initial and final hair methylmercury levels among pregnant women/mothers in the exposed group showed statistically significant (p

Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates (EBDCs) are metabolized into ethylenethiourea (ETU), a possible human carcinogen and an antithyroid compound. In this study our goal was to correlate ETU levels with the incidence of thyroid gland disorders among banana plantation workers exposed to EBDC. We randomly selected 57 directly exposed workers and 31 indirectly exposed workers from four banana plantations and 43 workers from an organic farm; all subjects underwent complete medical examinations and laboratory tests. Results showed a higher mean thyroid-stimulating hormone measurement among exposed workers compared with the control group, although the levels were well within normal range. Nine of the exposed farmers had abnormal thyroid ultrasound findings, consisting mostly of solitary nodules, compared with three among the control group. Analysis of variance showed significantly different blood ETU levels among the directly exposed, indirectly exposed, and control groups (p < 0.001), but ETU levels in urine were not significantly different (p = 0.10). Environmental ETU levels were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency remediation levels. Among farmers with solitary thyroid nodules, we found a very good direct correlation between the size of the nodule and blood ETU level. In this study we showed that blood ETU is a more reliable biomarker for EBDC exposure than urinary ETU; therefore, the determination of blood ETU should be part of medical surveillance efforts among workers exposed to EBDC to detect occurrences of thyroid gland disorders.

In March 1997, a municipal health officer in a small island south of Manila requested for the conduct of a health assessment of the community because of the incidence of hematological related illnesses/mortality among residents of along the coastal area of a mining community. 85 deaths were recorded from 1975-1996. Leukemia was diagnosed in 62 (72.94%) patients, 16 (18.82%) were aplastic anemia, 4(4.71%) were blood dyscrasia and 3(3.53%) other blood related ailments. Health and environmental assessment activities were conducted by a composite team from the DOH and the UP-National Poisons Control and Information Service Health examinations included a review of systems, complete medical history, physical and neurologic evaluations and biologic examinations. Initial health examination showed 7 school children out of 108 volunteer subjects from 6 barangays have elevated blood lead levels exceeding the WHO recommended limits of 10 ug/dl. Mean blood lead levels=15.86 ug/dl (Range: 13-19 ug/dl). Electromyograph and nerve conduction velocity (EMG-NCV) results were compatible with peripheral axonal degeneration in 6 children and beginning damage in 1 child. Detoxification therapy was done for a 19 day course using dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). In the succeeding health assessment, 59/59 school children from 3 barangays namely were found to have elevated blood lead levels. Range: 10-18 ug/dl, 43/64 (67.18%) have anemia. Soil samples collected 7 km from the causeway and the causeway itself showed three (3) sites with lead, cadmium, copper and zinc levels were found in all sampling sites. Ambient air monitoring results showed lead values exceeding the recommended US-EPA limits.

Although hyperinsulinemia has been shown to play a central role in horse laminitis, the link between insulin and hoof diseases has not been established in cattle. The objective was to investigate the effects of prolonged hyperinsulinemia on the integrity of the hoof lamellar tissue in cattle, American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2014

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar a eficácia de óleos essenciais de Lippia gracilis, no crescimento in vitro de Xcv. Foram utilizados oito óleos extraídos de L. gracilis, obtidos de diferentes manejos de cultivo, em três dosagens diferentes (200; 250 e 300 μL.L-1), testemunha com o oxicloreto de cobre (controle padrão) e a testemunha absoluta. A suscetibilidade do isolado Xcv3 aos óleos testados foi avaliada na primeira etapa pela presença e ausência do crescimento bacteriano e, na segunda etapa, pela porcentagem de inibição do crescimento bacteriano. A análise da composição química dos óleos essenciais extraídos de L.gracilis, mostrou, o carvacrol (73,9 a 77%) como composto majoritário e o timol (4,9 a 10,3%). Os óleos referentes aos tratamentos 01, 06 e 07 foram os que proporcionaram maiores porcentagens de inibição no crescimento bacteriano de Xcv: 94,75%, 96,50% e 94,02%, respectivamente, sendo superiores ao oxicloreto de cobre (49,6%).

El objetivo principal de este estudio es la localización de zonas óptimas para la instalación de centrales eléctricas de Biomasa Forestal conectadas a la red. Para ello, se ha concebido una Metodología basada en una Evaluación Multicriterio (EMC) e implementada mediante Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), donde a partir de diferentes datos se obtienen factores y restricciones que afectan tanto al aprovechamiento del recurso, como al emplazamiento de las centrales de Biomasa Forestal. Esta metodología proporciona mapas de las zonas de mayor aptitud para el aprovechamiento del recurso (Biomasa Forestal Disponible) y de las localizaciones idóneas para el emplazamiento de centrales. Ambos mapas se incluyen en un Análisis de Redes que genera Modelos de Localización-Asignación para optimizar los emplazamientos de las centrales en función de las zonas de suministro del recurso biomásico.

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar possíveis hospedeiras alternativas de Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Xcv), visando a fornecer subsídios para o manejo do cancro bacteriano da videira. Vinte e seis espécies vegetais foram inoculadas artificialmente com o isolado Xcv3 e mantidas em condições de casa de vegetação, sendo avaliada a evolução sintomatológica da doença, como manchas necróticas angulares e lesões nas nervuras. O Xcv3 foi reisolado a partir de cada hospedeiro alternativo com sintomas, sendo identificado por PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), com iniciadores específicos. As espécies inoculadas que apresentaram os sintomas típicos da doença foram Glycine sp., Senna obtusifolia, Desmodium discolor, Amaranthus deflexus, Azadirachta indica, Solanum lycopersicum e Vigna unguiculata. As espécies da família Poaceae, Bidens pilosa, Emilia fosbergii, Praxelis pauciflora, Macroptilium lathyroides e Portulaca oleracea não apresentaram sintomas durante o período da avaliação.

Este trabajo presenta una metodología que tiene como principal objetivo la localización de zonas óptimas para la instalación de centrales minihidroeléctricas. Para ello, se ha desarrollado una metodología de Evaluación Multicriterio (EMC) implementada mediante el uso de herramientas en un entorno SIG: Análisis Espacial, Análisis Geoestadístico, Hidrología, etc. Esta metodología se compone de dos modelos diferentes que utilizan el mismo proceso de EMC. La diferencia sustancial de ambos modelos se basa en los datos de inicio y herramientas aplicadas para estimar el recurso energético y factor principal de la metodología (caudal o flujo acumulado). El primer modelo se genera a partir de datos de caudal obtenidos de la zona de estudio (El Bierzo), y el segundo a partir de datos pluviométricos y del Modelo Digital del Terreno (MDT). En ambos modelos se obtienen mapas de viabilidad con las zonas que presentan mayor capacidad de acogida para ubicar instalaciones de Minihidráulica. Como objetivo adicional, el trabajo permite contrastar los resultados de los dos modelos desarrollados para evaluar su similitud.

The yeast Candida lipolytica IA 1055 produced an inducible extracellular emulsification activity while utilizing glucose at different concentrations as carbon source during batch fermentation at 27 degrees C. In all glucose concentrations studied, maximum production of emulsification activity was detected in the stationary phase of growth, after pH reached minimal values. The bioemulsifier isolated was a complex biopolymer constituting proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. The results obtained in this work show that the biosynthesis of a bioemulsifier is not simply a prerequisite for the degradation of extracellular hydrocarbon.

En el Humedal Universidad, localizado al Nor-Oriente del municipio de Popayán a 2°28'17.3'' Norte y 76°33' 00'' Oeste, se realizó una caracterización biológica y socioeconómica que permitió determinar la línea base del ecosistema para generar lineamientos para el manejo, protección y rehabilitación ecológica. Con relación a la caracterización florística se registraron un total de 410 individuos, distribuidos en 43 familias, 36 géneros y 23 especies; para el estrato bajo las especies más representativas fueron Rubusurticifolius(Rosaceae), Psidiumguineense (Myrtaceae)y Tibouchinaciliaris(Melastomataceae)y para el estrato fustal Myrciapopayanensis (Myrtaceae), Alchornea latifolia (Euphorbiaceae)y Palicoureathyrsiflora (Melastomataceae). En cuanto a laentomofauna terrestre y aérea, se registraron 4180 individuos distribuidos en 8 órdenes y 44 familias. Las familias más abundantes fueronHymenoptera: Formicidae, Heteroptera: Cicadellidae, Diptera: Calliphoridae y Dolichopodidae y Coleoptera: Curculionidae. La caracterización socioeconómica realizada con informantes clave de la comunidad, demostróun elevado crecimiento demográfico, inestabilidad económica e inadecuadas condiciones de vida y junto con la comunidad y organizaciones que intervienen en el proceso de recuperación del humedal,se generaron lineamientos para el manejocentrados en tres niveles: participación comunitaria e institucional, regulación hídrica y revegetalización At the University Wetland, located to the north-east of the town of Popayan 0.3 to 2 ° 28'17'' North and 76° 33 '00'' West, were made a biological and socioeconomic characterization to determine the baseline of the ecosystem and generate guidelines for the management, protection and ecological restoration. Regarding the floristic characterization were a total of 410 individuals, distributed in 43 families, 36 genera and 23 species, for shrub stratum the most representative species were Rubusurticifolius(Rosaceae), Psidiumguineense (Myrtaceae) and Tibouchinaciliaris(Melastomataceae) and for arboreal stratum Myrciapopayanensis (Myrtaceae), Alchornealatifolia (Euphorbiaceae) and Palicoureathyrsiflora (Melastomataceae). Aboutentomofauna terrestrial and aerial, 4180 individuals were divided into 8 families and 44 orders. The most abundant families were Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Heteroptera: Cicadellidae, Diptera: Calliphoridae and Dolichopodidae and Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Regarding the socioeconomic characterization conducted with key informants from the community, showed high population growth, economic instability and inadequate living conditions and with the community and organizations involved in the recovery process of the wetland, were generated management guidelines focused on three levels: community and institutional participation, water regulation and revegetation Nesta zona úmida localizada no noroeste do município de Popayán a 2°28'17.3'' Norte e76°33' 00'' Oeste, foi feita uma caracterização biológica e socioeconômica que permitiu determinar uma linha base do ecossistema para gerar lineamentos para o manejo, proteção e reabilitação ecológica. Com relação à caracterização florística foram registrados 410 indivíduos, distribuídos em 43 famílias, 36 gêneros e 23 espécies; para o estrato herbáceo-arbustivo as espécies mais representativas foramRubusurticifolius(Rosaceae), Psidium guineense (Myrtaceae)eTibouchina ciliares (Melastomataceae) e para o estrato arbóreo Myrciapopayanensis (Myrtaceae), Alchornealatifolia (Euphorbiaceae)ePalicoureathyrsiflora (Melastomataceae). Quanto àentomofauna terrestre e aérea, registraram-se 4180 indivíduos distribuídos em 8 ordenes e 44 famílias. As famílias mais abuntantes foram, Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Heteroptera: Cicadellidae, Diptera: Calliphoridae e Dolichopodidae e Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Com relação à caracterização socioeconômica,realizada com informantes chaves da comunidade, demonstrou um elevado crescimento demográfico, instabilidade econômica e inadequadas condições de vida e junto com a comunidade e organizações que intervêm no processo de recuperação da zona úmida, foram gerados lineamentos para o manejo centrados em três níveis: Participação comunitária e institucional, regulação hídrica e reflorestamento

Para estudiar las características florísticas de un bosque de roble (Quercus humboldtii), se estableció una parcela de 9600 m² dividida en 24 subparcelas de 20x20 metros, en las que se registró el nombre científico, diámetro a la altura del pecho (dap), altura total y altura de reiteración, condición de luz y calidad de fuste para los individuos con dap>10 cm; dentro de cada subparcela se inscribieron parcelas de 10x10 metros para registrar la información de individuos >1.5 metros de altura y con dap 40 cm de altura de especies arbóreas, palmas y herbáceas grandes. En los 0.96 ha se reportaron un total de 51 especies, agrupadas 44 géneros y en 33 familias botánicas para las tres categorías de tamaño; las especies más abundantes y mejor distribuidas en la categoría >0.4 m < 1,5 m de altura, fueron la Palicourea angustifolia y Quercus humboldtii; las especies de mayor peso ecológico fueron Quercus humboldtii con un Índice de Valor de Importancia IVI de 153 y Clethra revoluta con 37; las demás especies reportaron bajos valores de abundancia, frecuencia y área basal. La densidad promedio de árboles > 10 centímetros de diámetro a la altura del pecho fue de 455 ha-1, que representan un área basal de 15.8 m²ha-1 indicando que es un bosque joven. To study the floristic characteristics of a oak forest (Quercus humboldtii) established a plot of 9600 m² divided into 24 subplots of 20x20 meters, where there was scientific name, diameter at breast height dbh, total height and branching height, light condition 10 cm in each > and quality for individuals with stem diameter at breast height subplot were enrolled 10x10 meter plots to record information about individuals with 1.5 meters in height and dbh > 10 cm and 5x5 plots to record established regeneration tree species < 0,40 meters, palms and large herbaceous. In 0.96 were reported a total of 51 species, grouped 44 genera and 33 botanical families for the three size categories, the most abundant and well distributed in the category > 0.4 m < 1.5 m in height, were Palicourea angustifolia and Quercus humboldtii, the species with heavier ecological an Importance Value Index IVI were Quercus humboldtii 153 and Clethra revoluta with 37, while all other species reported low levels of abundance, frequency and basal area. The average density of trees >10 cm in diameter at breast height was 455 ha-1, representing a basal area of 15.8 m²ha-1 indicating that it is a young forest. Para estudar as características florísticas da floresta de carvalhos (Quercus humboldtii) estabeleceu um lote de 9600 m² divididos em 24 subparcelas de 20x20 metros, onde não havia nome científico, o diâmetro à altura do peito, altura total e altura de repetição, condições de luz e 10 cm em cada de qualidade para os indivíduos com diâmetro à altura do peito subparcela foram incluídos lotes 10x10 metros para registrar informações sobre 1,5 metros de altura e diâmetro>indivíduos 10 cm e de5x5 metros parcelas para gravar regeneração estabelecido árvores, palmeiras e herbáceas de grande porte. Em 0,96 foi relatado um total de 51 espécies, agrupadas 44 gêneros e 33 famílias botânicas para as três categorias de tamanho, as mais abundantes e bem distribuídas na categoria > 0,4 m < 1,5 m de altura, foram os Palicourea angustifolia humboldtii e Quercus, as espécies de Quercus foram mais pesados humboldtii ecológicos uma importância Índice de Valor de 153 IVI e revoluta Clethra com 37, enquanto que as demais relataram baixos níveis de abundância, freqüência e área basal. A densidade média de árvores com DAP > 10 cm de diâmetro à altura do peito foi de 455 ha-1, representando uma área basal de 15,8 m²ha-1, indicando que é uma floresta jovem

La Atresia esofágica (AE) con o sin fístula traqueoesofágica (FTE) es una malformación congénita que se asocia a complicaciones respiratorias y digestivas. Objetivo: Describir las características de estos pacientes, su morbilidad respiratoria, digestiva y hospitalizaciones en su evolución a largo plazo. Materiales y Métodos: Se revisaron en forma retrospectiva 15 fichas de pacientes con diagnóstico de FTE evaluados por el equipo de Neumología Pediátrica de la Universidad Católica de Chile entre 1995 y 2007. Resultados: N = 15 pacientes, sexo masculino 9 diagnóstico el primer día de vida 13/15 pacientes. Clasificación de Gross: A= 0, B= 0, C= 12, D= 2, E= 1. Clasificación de Waterston Al: 6, Bl: 1, B2: 4 y C2: 4 Malformaciones asociadas: en 7/15. Complicaciones respiratorias: Neumonía recurrente 8/15, sibilancias recurrentes 12/15, Recurrencia de fístula: 3 /15 pacientes, Apnea: 1 paciente, Traqueomalacia (TM) (9/15). Complicaciones digestivas: Reflujo gastroesofágico 15/15, Estenosis esofágica: II15. Un paciente requirió cirugía de Nissen. Todos los pacientes se hospitalizaron en al menos una oportunidad y en el 12/15 la causa fue respiratoria. Conclusión: La FTE es una enfermedad de resolución quirúrgica con alta morbilidad respiratoria, digestiva y frecuentes hospitalizaciones en los primeros años de vida.

La Atresia esofágica (AE) con o sin fístula traqueoesofágica (FTE) es una malformación congénita que se asocia a complicaciones respiratorias y digestivas. Objetivo: Describir las características de estos pacientes, su morbilidad respiratoria, digestiva y hospitalizaciones en su evolución a largo plazo. Materiales y Métodos: Se revisaron en forma retrospectiva 15 fichas de pacientes con diagnóstico de FTE evaluados por el equipo de Neumología Pediátrica de la Universidad Católica de Chile entre 1995 y 2007. Resultados: N = 15 pacientes, sexo masculino 9 diagnóstico el primer día de vida 13/15 pacientes. Clasificación de Gross: A= 0, B= 0, C= 12, D= 2, E= 1. Clasificación de Waterston Al: 6, Bl: 1, B2: 4 y C2: 4 Malformaciones asociadas: en 7/15. Complicaciones respiratorias: Neumonía recurrente 8/15, sibilancias recurrentes 12/15, Recurrencia de fístula: 3 /15 pacientes, Apnea: 1 paciente, Traqueomalacia (TM) (9/15). Complicaciones digestivas: Reflujo gastroesofágico 15/15, Estenosis esofágica: II15. Un paciente requirió cirugía de Nissen. Todos los pacientes se hospitalizaron en al menos una oportunidad y en el 12/15 la causa fue respiratoria. Conclusión: La FTE es una enfermedad de resolución quirúrgica con alta morbilidad respiratoria, digestiva y frecuentes hospitalizaciones en los primeros años de vida. Esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula are congenital anomalies associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal morbidity. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristics of patients with EA and TEF during childhood, specially focused on respiratory and gastrointestinal complications. Methods: We reviewed the clinical charts from fifteen patients admitted to our hospital and who were followed locally between 1995 and 2007. Results: Gross classification distribution was: A: 0, B: 0, C: 12, D: 2, E: 1. Waterston distribution was Al: 6, B1: 1, B2: 4y C2: 4. Associated malformations to EA and TEF were 7/15. Main morbidity during the follow up period was: Recurrent pneumonia: 6/15, recurrent wheezing 12/15, tracheomalacia in 9/15 and apnea in one patient. Fistula re-opening in 3/15, Gastro esophageal reflux in 15/15 esophagic stenosis in 7/15. All patients were admitted to the hospital at least once during the follow up and in 12/15 of this were due to respiratory causes. Conclusions: EA and TEF after surgical repair have significant respiratory and gastrointestinal morbidity and frequent admission to the hospital during the first years of life.

r greater than 5.2 [micrometer], and the active mask was recognized as an essential augmentation to all metal contacts in devices fabricated using CMOS technology. http://archive.org/details/optimizingscrdes109454723 US Navy (USN) author. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.