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101. Stress and Depression: Insights from Animal Models

Author: Paul Willner
Subjects: Psychotherapist, Anhedonia, Learned helplessness, Depressive symptomatology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mild stress, Animal models of depression, Stress (linguistics), medicine, Antidepressant, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Neuroscience, Depression (differential diagnoses)
Abstract: The largest group of animal models of depression comprises procedures in which stress causes antidepressant-reversible behavioural abnormalities. Two models that have been extensively investigated are learned helplessness and a more recently developed paradigm in which anhedonia is induced by exposure to chronic mild stress. The problem of validating animal models is discussed, and several applications of animal models of depression are described, with particular reference to the chronic mild stress procedure. Areas in which animal models can provide valuable insights include the aetiology of depression, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying depressive symptomatology and mechanisms of antidepressant action. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 1997
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102. The mesolimbic dopamine system as a target for rapid antidepressant action

Author: Paul Willner
Subjects: Agonist, medicine.medical_specialty, Pramipexole, medicine.drug_class, Dopamine, Amineptine, Dopaminergic, Antidepressive Agents, Psychiatry and Mental health, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Roxindole, chemistry, Dopamine receptor D3, Animal models of depression, Internal medicine, Limbic System, medicine, Animals, Humans, Antidepressant, Pharmacology (medical), Psychology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs produces a variety of changes in dopaminergic neurotransmission, most notably a sensitization of behavioural responses to agonists acting at dopamine D2/D3 receptors within the nucleus accumbens. Evidence from animal models of depression (the forced swim test and the chronic mild stress procedure) indicates that these effects are crucial for the therapeutic effect of antidepressants in these models. Antidepressant-like effects in animal models are also seen with drugs that act directly on the dopaminergic system. Because of its prolonged time-course, the chronic mild stress procedure can be used to examine onset latencies. Some dopamine-active drugs (e.g. the catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor tolcapone; D2/D3 agonists administered intermittently) are active in this procedure but have a time-course comparable to that of conventional antidepressants. Other dopamine-active drugs may have a more rapid onset; the evidence to date suggests this possibility for the D2/D3 agonist pramipexole and the preferential presynaptic antagonist amisulpride. In clinical studies, rapid-onset latencies have been claimed for the D2/D3 agonist roxindole, the preferential presynaptic antagonist sulpiride and the relatively selective dopamine-uptake inhibitor amineptine. The mechanisms that might give rise to a rapid onset of dopamine-mediated antidepressant effects are discussed.
Published: 1997
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103. Animal Models of Addiction

Author: Paul Willner
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, business.industry, Addiction, media_common.quotation_subject, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Neurology (clinical), business, Psychiatry, media_common
Published: 1997
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104. Changes in sleep architecture following chronic mild stress

Author: Survjit Cheeta, Jan van Proosdij, Gé S.F. Ruigt, and Paul Willner
Subjects: Male, Sleep Wake Disorders, Behavior, Animal, Rapid eye movement sleep, Sleep, REM, Electroencephalography, Sleep spindle, Models, Biological, Non-rapid eye movement sleep, Sleep in non-human animals, Rats, Animals, Circadian rhythm, Wakefulness, K-complex, Psychology, Neuroscience, Neuroscience of sleep, Stress, Psychological, psychological phenomena and processes, Biological Psychiatry, Slow-wave sleep
Abstract: Chronic exposure to mild unpredictable stress causes subsensitivity to rewards (anhedonia). These effects are reversible by chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs, and have been proposed as an animal model of depression. In the present study, sleep architecture, particularly the rapid eye movement (REM) component, was mapped in rats following exposure to chronic mild stress. The study used a unique large scale automated sleep system to record and analyze the sleep signals from 32 rats simultaneously. The effects of stress on sleep were maximal following 21 days of stress, at which time the stressed animals demonstrated decreases in active waking and deep sleep, and disruptions of REM sleep. The changes in REM sleep included increases in the duration of and transitions into REM sleep over the sleep part of the sleep-wake cycle, and most importantly, a reduced latency to the onset of the first REM period. These sleep abnormalities, and in particular the decrease in REM latency, are consistent with those reported in endogenous depression. The results provide further support for the validity of the chronic mild stress paradigm as an animal model to study the mechanisms underlying endogenous depression.
Published: 1997
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105. Editorial???Behavioural Pharmacology of Cannabinoids

Author: David Sanger, Paul Willner, and Jack Bergman
Subjects: Pharmacology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Behavioural pharmacology, business.industry, Medicine, business, Neuroscience
Published: 2005
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106. The neurobiology of aggression: implications for the pharmacotherapy of aggressive challenging behaviour by people with intellectual disabilities

Author: Paul, Willner
Subjects: Aggression, Intellectual Disability, Humans
Abstract: The aim of this review is to summarise current understanding of the neurobiology of aggression and within this context to consider the evidence base for the pharmacotherapy of aggressive challenging behaviour by people with intellectual disabilities (ID).Aggressive encounters involve a variety of psychological processes and progress has been made in understanding the brain mechanisms involved. However, the role in aggression of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid is no longer as clear as it once appeared, with the result that predictions cannot be made with confidence about drug effects on aggression. There have been relatively few controlled trials of pharmacotherapy for aggression in people with ID, or, indeed, in the general population, and their outcomes have largely been negative.With the possible exception of risperidone, there is no reliable evidence that antidepressant, neuroleptic or anticonvulsant drugs are effective treatments for aggression by people with ID.
Published: 2013

107. Management of Anger in People With Intellectual Disabilities

Author: Peter Larkin, Paul Willner, and A Jahoda
Subjects: Anger in, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Published: 2013
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108. A cluster randomised controlled trial of a manualised cognitive behavioural anger management intervention delivered by supervised lay therapists to people with intellectual disabilities

Author: B Stenfert Kroese, J Shead, Andrew Jahoda, Jacqui Nuttall, Deborah Cohen, John Rose, C Lammie, Kerenza Hood, Paul Willner, P MacMahon, N Rose, C Woodgate, David John Felce, David Gillespie, A Stimpson, and Julia Townson
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Medical technology, Anger management, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, Psychological intervention, Anger, behavioral disciplines and activities, law.invention, Quality of life (healthcare), Randomized controlled trial, law, Intellectual Disability, Intellectual disability, Adaptation, Psychological, medicine, Humans, Cluster randomised controlled trial, Psychiatry, media_common, Psychological Tests, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, business.industry, Health Policy, Health Care Costs, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Mental health, Treatment Outcome, lcsh:R855-855.5, Female, business, Research Article
Abstract: Background: Anger is a frequent problem for many people with intellectual disabilities, and is often expressed as verbal and/or physical aggression. Cognitive–behaviour therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for common mental health problems, but CBT has only recently been adapted for people with intellectual disabilities. Anger is the main psychological presentation in which controlled trials have been used to evaluate CBT interventions for people with intellectual disabilities but these do not include rigorous randomised studies. Objectives: To evaluate (1) the impact of a staff-delivered manualised CBT anger management intervention on (a) reported anger among people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities, and (b) anger coping skills, aggression, mental health, quality of life and costs of health and social care; (2) factors that influence outcome; and (3) the experience of service users, lay therapists and service managers. Design: A cluster randomised controlled trial based on 30 day centres (15 intervention and 15 control). Intention-to-treat comparisons of outcomes used a two-level linear regression model to allow for clustering within centres with baseline outcome levels as a covariate. Comparison of cost data used non-parametric bootstrapping. Qualitative analysis used interpretative phenomenological analysis and thematic analysis. Setting: Recruited day centres had four-plus service users with problem anger who were prepared to participate, two-plus staff willing to be lay therapists, a supportive manager and facilities for group work, and no current anger interventions. Participants: A total of 212 service users with problem anger were recruited. Thirty-three were deemed ineligible (30 could not complete assessments and three withdrew before randomisation). Retention at follow-up was 81%, with 17 withdrawals in each arm. Two to four staff per centre were recruited as lay therapists. Eleven service users, nine lay therapists and eight managers were interviewed. Interventions: The manualised intervention comprised 12 weekly 2-hour group sessions supplemented by ‘homework’. Lay therapists received training and ongoing supervision from a clinical psychologist. Treatment fidelity, group attendance and resources used in intervention delivery were monitored. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was the service user-rated Provocation Index (PI), a measure of response to hypothetical situations that may provoke anger. Secondary trial outcomes were the key worker-rated PI; the service user- and key worker-rated Profile of Anger Coping Skills (PACS); the service user-rated PACS imaginal provocation test (PACS-IPT), a measure of response to actual situations known to provoke anger; aggression; mental health; self-esteem; quality of life; and health and social care resource use. Assessments were administered before randomisation and at 16 weeks and 10 months after randomisation. Results: Fourteen treatment groups were delivered, each with 12 sessions lasting an average of 114 minutes, with a mean of 4.9 service users and 2.0 lay therapists. The mean hourly cost per service user was £25.26. The mean hourly excess cost over treatment as usual was £12.34. There was no effect of intervention on the primary outcome – self-rated PI. There was a significant impact on the following secondary outcomes at the 10-month follow-up: key worker-rated PI, self-rated PACS-IPT and self- and key worker-rated PACS. Key workers and home carers reported significantly lower aggression at 16 weeks, but not at 10 months. There was no impact on mental health, self-esteem, quality of life or total cost of health and social care. Service users, key workers and service managers were uniformly positive. Conclusions: The intervention was effective at changing anger coping skills and staff-rated anger. Impact on self-rated anger was equivocal. With hindsight there are reasons, from an analysis of factors influencing outcomes, to think that self-rated PI was not a well-chosen primary outcome. Widespread implementation of manualised lay therapist-led but psychologist-supervised anger management CBT for people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities is recommended. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN37509773. Funding: This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 17, No. 21. See the HTA programme website for further project information.
Published: 2013

109. Different factors influence self-reports and third-party reports of anger by adults with intellectual disabilities

Author: Andrew Jahoda, Paul Willner, David John Felce, N Rose, Jacqueline Nuttall, Biza Stenfert Kroese, John Rose, J Shead, C Lammie, Kerenza Hood, C Woodgate, David Gillespie, A Stimpson, Julia Townson, and P MacMahon
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Anger management, Challenging behaviour, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Health Personnel, Psychological intervention, Anger, Neuropsychological Tests, Irritability, Severity of Illness Index, Education, Intellectual Disability, Intellectual disability, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Psychiatry, media_common, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Mental Disorders, Age Factors, Wechsler Scales, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Mental health, Caregivers, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Anxiety, Female, Self Report, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Background: Many people with intellectual disabilities display high levels of anger, and cognitive-behavioural anger management interventions are used routinely. However, for these methods to be used optimally, a better understanding is needed of different forms of anger assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of a range of measures to self- and carer reports of anger expression, including instruments used to assess mental health and challenging behaviour. Method: Adults with intellectual disabilities, who had been identified as having problems with anger control, their key-workers and home carers all rated the service users' trait anger, using parallel versions of the same instrument (the Provocation Inventory). In addition, service users completed a battery of mental health assessments (the Glasgow Depression Scale, Glasgow Anxiety Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and both groups of carers completed a battery of challenging behaviour measures (the Hyperactivity and Irritability domains of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and the Modified Overt Anger Scale). Results: Participants had high levels of mental health problems (depression: 34%; anxiety: 73%) and severe challenging behaviour (26%). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to explore the extent to which anger ratings by the three groups of respondents were predicted by demographic factors, mental health measures and challenging behaviour measures. Older service users rated themselves as less angry and were also rated as less angry by home carers, but not by key-workers. More intellectually able service users were rated as more angry by both sets of carers, but not by the service users themselves. Significantly, mental health status (but not challenging behaviour) predicted service users' self-ratings of anger, whereas challenging behaviour (but not mental health status) predicted carers' ratings of service users' anger. Conclusions: Service users and their carers appear to use different information when rating the service users' anger. Service users' self-ratings reflect their internal emotional state and mental health, as reflected by their ratings of anxiety and depression, whereas staff rate service users' anger on the basis of overt behaviours, as measured by challenging behaviour scales.
Published: 2013

110. From Causes of Aggression to Interventions

Author: Andrew Jahoda, Carol Pert, Kenneth Macmahon, and Paul Willner
Subjects: Anger management, Aggression, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Social environment, Anger, medicine.disease, Developmental psychology, Social information processing, Intellectual disability, medicine, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Social psychology, Psychosocial, Intrapsychic, media_common
Abstract: This chapter reviews several strands from recent research concerning the causes of aggression, including neurological and psychosocial factors. There is some support for the commonly held assumptions linking aggressiveness and social-cognitive problems associated with people’s cognitive deficits. However, this explanation fails to account for the fact that most people with intellectual disabilities are not aggressive. There is a significant danger in simplifying the aggressive behavior of people with intellectual disabilities to a single causative factor. Even if one factor was found to predispose an individual to be aggressive, it is improbable that the other aspects of a person’s life (such as the social and environmental context in which they live) would not also influence the individual’s actions. Moreover, there are different kinds of aggression, including acts that are categorized as reactive and instrumental or planned. An interaction of cognitive, communicative, genetic, and sociocultural factors may influence aggressive behavior. However, aggression is usually a social act and concerns the dynamic relationship between the person and his or her social environment. This means taking seriously how more able people negotiate their social identities in the world and how those with more significant impairments communicate their needs and wishes. Although there is limited evidence for the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments, there are promising findings for the use of behavioral approaches for people with more severe impairments and anger management treatments for those with milder disabilities. In addition to individual interventions, recent attempts have also been made to foster positive change in individuals’ wider lives. It is proposed that promoting a formulation-based approach to interventions might help professionals to take account of the range of intrapsychic and interpersonal factors that can contribute to the person’s difficulties.
Published: 2013
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111. Animal Models for Psychiatric States

Author: Paul Willner
Published: 2013
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112. Subjective and behavioural evaluation of cigarette cravings

Author: Paul Willner, S. Hardman, and G. Eaton
Subjects: Adult, Male, media_common.quotation_subject, Craving, Developmental psychology, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Calada, Reinforcement, media_common, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Pharmacology, Motivation, Cigarette craving, biology, Smoking, Abstinence, Computer keyboard, biology.organism_classification, Factor ii, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Affect, Mood, Conditioning, Operant, Female, Smoking Cessation, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Reinforcement, Psychology
Abstract: Cigarette cravings were evaluated in a sample of moderately heavy smokers, using the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (QSU: Tiffany and Drobes 1991), which produces scores on two factors, related to the positive (factor I) and negative (factor II)-reinforcing properties of smoking, respectively. Smoking motivation was also assessed behaviourally using a progressive-ratio operant procedure, in which responding on a computer keyboard was reinforced by puffs on a cigarette, under a progressively increasing work requirement. Abstinence (4-14 h) increased scores on both subjective and behavioural measures. In non-deprived subjects, behavioural measures and cigarette liking correlated more strongly with factor I of the QSU than with factor II, while in abstinent subjects, correlations with factor II were stronger than with factor I. The significant relationships between the QSU and cigarette-reinforced progressive-ratio operant performance support the validity of both of these procedures as measures of cigarette craving.
Published: 1995
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113. Attenuation of sucrose consumption in mice by chronic mild stress and its restoration by imipramine

Author: Paolo S. D'Aquila, Paul F. Brain, Vicente M. Simón, Santiago Monleón, Andrés Parra, and Paul Willner
Subjects: Male, Imipramine, Sucrose, medicine.medical_specialty, Ratón, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Tricyclic antidepressant, Eating, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, Animals, Medicine, Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), Pharmacology, Analysis of Variance, Depressive Disorder, Chemotherapy, Behavior, Animal, business.industry, Anhedonia, Disease Models, Animal, Endocrinology, chemistry, Antidepressant, medicine.symptom, business, Stress, Psychological, medicine.drug
Abstract: Chronic exposure to mild unpredictable stressors (CMS) has previously been found to reduce the consumption of palatable, sweet solutions in rats. In the present study, the utility of this procedure was assessed in mice. Male AP mice subjected to CMS showed reduced consumption of a 2% or 4% sucrose solution. This effect was reversed by chronic (3 weeks) treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (20 mg/kg per day). These results extend previous reports of a generalized decrease in sensitivity to reward (anhedonia) in rats caused by CMS and the efficacy of antidepressant treatment in this paradigm. Chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice appears to provide a realistic animal model of depression.
Published: 1995
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114. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders

Author: Peter Sturmey, William R. Lindsay, and Paul Willner
Subjects: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Psychotherapist, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Published: 2012
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115. Adapting Psychological Therapies for People with Intellectual Disabilities I

Author: William R. Lindsay, Andrew J. Jahoda, Paul Willner, and John L. Taylor
Published: 2012
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116. Adapting Psychological Therapies for People with Intellectual Disabilities II

Author: Paul Willner, William R. Lindsay, and A Jahoda
Subjects: Psychotherapist, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Published: 2012
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117. The experiences of staff taking on the role of lay therapist in a group-based cognitive behavioural therapy anger management intervention for people with intellectual disabilities

Author: Nicola Rose, Biza Stenfert Kroese, Andrew Jahoda, Paul Willner, David John Felce, P MacMahon, A Stimpson, Kerenza Hood, John Rose, and Julia Townson
Subjects: Adult, Male, Group based, Psychotherapist, Anger management, Attitude of Health Personnel, medicine.medical_treatment, Health Personnel, Persons with Mental Disabilities, Anger, behavioral disciplines and activities, Health Services Accessibility, Education, Young Adult, Professional Role, Intervention (counseling), Intellectual Disability, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Staff Development, Group work, Qualitative Research, Interpretative phenomenological analysis, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognition, Middle Aged, Cognitive behaviour therapy, Work (electrical), Psychotherapy, Group, Female, Clinical Competence, Psychology
Abstract: Aim: To explore the experience of 'lay therapists' of a group-based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) anger management intervention. Background: Staff employed in daytime opportunity services for adults with intellectual disabilities took on the role of 'lay therapist' to facilitate CBT groups. Methods: They were trained and supervised by clinical psychologists and interviewed 2-6 weeks after the last group session. Their experiences were explored by means of a qualitative approach, interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Results: Several key themes emerged from the interview data such as 'hopes and fears', 'having a framework', 'making it work', 'observing progress', 'ingredients of success', 'the therapist role' and 'taking the group forward'. Conclusions: These themes indicate that participants' experiences had been perceived as positive for themselves, the service users as well as the relevant organization although initially the therapist role had appeared daunting.
Published: 2012

118. The neurobiology of depression and antidepressant action

Author: Paul Willner, Jørgen Scheel-Krüger, and Catherine Belzung
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Cognitive Neuroscience, Models, Neurological, Ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Vulnerability, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Affective neuroscience, Review, Behavioral Neuroscience, medicine, Journal Article, Animals, Humans, Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), First episode, Depression, Brain, Diathesis, Antidepressive Agents, Disease Models, Animal, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Antidepressant, Psychopharmacology, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Neuroscience, Stress, Psychological, Clinical psychology
Abstract: We present a comprehensive overview of the neurobiology of unipolar major depression and antidepressant drug action, integrating data from affective neuroscience, neuro- and psychopharmacology, neuroendocrinology, neuroanatomy, and molecular biology. We suggest that the problem of depression comprises three sub-problems: first episodes in people with low vulnerability ('simple' depressions), which are strongly stress-dependent; an increase in vulnerability and autonomy from stress that develops over episodes of depression (kindling); and factors that confer vulnerability to a first episode (a depressive diathesis). We describe key processes in the onset of a 'simple' depression and show that kindling and depressive diatheses reproduce many of the neurobiological features of depression. We also review the neurobiological mechanisms of antidepressant drug action, and show that resistance to antidepressant treatment is associated with genetic and other factors that are largely similar to those implicated in vulnerability to depression. We discuss the implications of these conclusions for the understanding and treatment of depression, and make some strategic recommendations for future research.
Published: 2012
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119. Loss of social status: preliminary evaluation of a novel animal model of depression

Author: Paolo S. D'Aquila, Paul Willner, Paul F. Brain, and Toni Coventry
Subjects: Pharmacology, Aggression, medicine.drug_class, Physiology, Tricyclic antidepressant, Imipramine, 030227 psychiatry, Developmental psychology, Dominance hierarchy, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, Dominance (ethology), Agonistic behaviour, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Depression (differential diagnoses), Social status, medicine.drug
Abstract: Stable dominance hierarchies were determined in pairs of male Lister hooded rats, by repeated observation of agonistic behaviour at the onset of the dark phase of the light-dark cycle. No lasting alterations in dominance behaviour were caused by subjecting the dominant member of the pair either to restraint stress or to defeat by another dominant animal. However, defeat of the dominant animal by a male of the aggressive Tryon Maze Dull (TMD) strain caused a loss of dominant status in the home cage which lasted at least 7 days. Repeated weekly defeat by TMD animals decreased both home cage dominance behaviour and consumption of a palatable sucrose solution, relative to non-defeated animals; both behaviours were normalized in defeated animals by 3 weeks of treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine.
Published: 2012

120. Attenuation of place preference conditioning but not place aversion conditioning by chronic mild stress

Author: Spiros Lappas, Paul Willner, Mariusz Papp, and Richard Muscat
Subjects: Pharmacology, Narcotic antagonist, (+)-Naloxone, Preference, 030227 psychiatry, Associative learning, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, Anesthesia, Morphine, medicine, Conditioning, Pharmacology (medical), Chronic stress, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug, Picrotoxin
Abstract: Chronic exposure to very mild unpredictable stress has previously been found to reduce or abolish the acquisition of place preference conditioning. In the present study, chronic mild stress was found to abolish the acquisition of preferences for a distinctive environment paired with morphine (0.7 mg/kg). However, chronic mild stress did not impair the acquisition of place aversion conditioning induced by naloxone (0.7 mg/kg) or picrotoxin (2.0 mg/kg). The results demonstrate that chronic stress does not cause a general impairment of associative learning but, rather, a specific impairment of rewarded behaviour.
Published: 2012

121. Subsensitivity to dopamine agonists following chronic unpredictable mild stress

Author: Paul Willner, Richard Muscat, and Mariusz Papp
Subjects: Pharmacology, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, business.industry, Mild stress, Dopamine, Internal medicine, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), business, medicine.drug
Published: 2012

122. Similar effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress and chronic imipramine administration on release of mesolimbic dopamine

Author: Paul Willner, Jonathan A. Stamford, Z. Kruk, and Richard Muscat
Subjects: Pharmacology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mild stress, business.industry, Anesthesia, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Mesolimbic dopamine, business, Imipramine, medicine.drug
Published: 2012

123. Stereospecific reversal of stress-induced anhedonia by mianserin and its (+)-enantiomer

Author: Survjit Cheeta, Chris L.E. Broekkamp, and Paul Willner
Subjects: Male, Sucrose, Mianserin, Pharmacology, Choice Behavior, Eating, Reward, Dopamine, Salicylamides, medicine, Animals, Raclopride, Water Deprivation, Chemistry, Dopaminergic, Anhedonia, Stereoisomerism, Rats, Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists, Catecholamine, Conditioning, Enantiomer, medicine.symptom, Food Deprivation, Stress, Psychological, medicine.drug
Abstract: Chronic sequential exposure to a variety of mild unpredictable stressors has previously been found to depress the consumption of a dilute (1%) sucrose solution and to inhibit food-induced place preference conditioning. In the present study, using a simplified version of the mild stress procedure, the decreased sucrose intake was reversed by chronic (4 weeks) treatment with the atypical antidepressant mianserin. The racemic compound (+/-)-mianserin (5 mg/kg per day) and one of its enantiomers, (+)-mianserin (2.5 mg/kg) were effective in this model; a lower dose of (+/-)-mianserin (2.5 mg/kg), and the other enantiomer. (-)-mianserin (2.5 mg/kg), were ineffective. Vehicle-treated stressed animals were also subsensitive to food reward in the place conditioning procedure: normal place preference conditioning was reinstated by chronic treatment with (+/-)-mianserin (5 mg/kg) or (+)-mianserin, but not by the lower dose of (+/-)-mianserin (2.5 mg/kg) or by (-)-mianserin. Raclopride (100 micrograms/kg) reinstated the decrease in sucrose intake in stressed animals successfully treated with (+/-)- or (+)-mianserin. The results suggest that (+)-mianserin is the active enantiomer in reversing chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia, and further support the hypothesis of a dopaminergic mechanism of antidepressant action in this paradigm.
Published: 1994
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124. Decreased hedonic responsiveness during a brief depressive mood swing

Author: Paul Willner and Sarah Healy
Subjects: Adult, Taste, Visual analogue scale, Mood swing, media_common.quotation_subject, Stimulus (physiology), behavioral disciplines and activities, Developmental psychology, Pleasure, Food Preferences, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Pain Measurement, media_common, Depression, Anhedonia, Affect, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Alertness, Mood, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Female volunteers completed the Fawcett-Clark Pleasure Capacity Scale (FCPCS) and rated the pleasantness and desirability of a taste stimulus (cheese), before and during a depressive mood swing. Mood change was induced by reading negative self-referent statements, with additional 'booster' periods of mood induction to prolong the duration of the mood swing. The mood induction procedure (MIP) caused a decrease in contentment and alertness, as derived from a set of visual analogue mood scales, and also decreased hedonic capacity, as measured by responses to the taste stimulus and by the FCPCS. No changes on any measure were shown by a control group who read an equivalent set of positive self-referent statements. Prior to the MIP, there were no significant correlations between mood measures and hedonic measures, or between taste responses and the FCPCS. However, there were significant correlations between the size of the changes in these various measures following the depressive MIP. The results suggest that hedonic capacity is responsive to acute depressive mood swings.
Published: 1994
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125. Parallel changes in dopamine D2 receptor binding in limbic forebrain associated with chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia and its reversal by imipramine

Author: Paul Willner, Mariusz Papp, and V. Klimek
Subjects: Male, Imipramine, Sucrose, medicine.medical_specialty, Striatum, Nucleus accumbens, Eating, Prosencephalon, Dopamine, Dopamine receptor D2, Internal medicine, Limbic System, medicine, Animals, Rats, Wistar, Receptor, Pharmacology, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Chemistry, Receptors, Dopamine D1, Anhedonia, Rats, Neostriatum, Kinetics, Endocrinology, Antidepressant, medicine.symptom, Stress, Psychological, medicine.drug
Abstract: Chronic sequential exposure to a variety of mild stressors has previously been found to cause an antidepressant-reversible decrease in the consumption of palatable sweet solutions, associated with abnormalities of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens. In the present study, 5 weeks of treatment with imipramine (10 mg/kg b.i.d.) reversed the decreased sucrose intake of rats exposed to chronic mild stress. Stress also caused a decrease in D2-receptor binding in the limbic forebrain (but not the striatum), which was completely reversed by imipramine. In nonstressed animals, imipramine decreased D1-receptor binding in both regions. However, in stressed animals, imipramine did not significantly alter D1-receptor binding in either area. Stress alone slightly increased D1-receptor binding, in striatum only. Scatchard analysis showed that all changes in receptor binding resulted from changes in receptor number (Bmax) rather than receptor affinity (KD). The results support the hypothesis that changes in D2-receptor function in the nucleus accumbens are responsible for chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia and its reversal by antidepressant drugs. They do not support the hypothesis that the sensitization of D2-receptors seen following chronic antidepressant treatment is caused by a down-regulation of D1-receptors.
Published: 1994
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126. Magical thinking in obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder

Author: Paul Willner and Bonnie West
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Generalized anxiety disorder, Adolescent, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Culture, Magical thinking, Young Adult, Obsessive compulsive, Reference Values, medicine, Humans, Young adult, Psychiatry, Aged, Defense Mechanisms, Panic disorder, Significant difference, Cognition, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Anxiety Disorders, Clinical Psychology, Parapsychology, Anxiety, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Magic
Abstract: Background: Magical thinking (MT), which has historically been associated with psychotic disorders, has more recently been found to be a central cognitive construct in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) that is associated with a poor prognosis (Einstein and Menzies, 2008). Although MT has been found to distinguish OCD from Panic Disorder (PD) (Einstein and Menzies, 2006), little is known about its role in other anxiety disorders. Aims: This study aimed to compare whether elevated levels of magical thinking could distinguish individuals with OCD from non-anxious controls and individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Method: The Magical Ideation Scale (MIS, Eckblad and Chapman, 1983) was used to compare levels of magical thinking in groups of individuals with OCD (n = 40), GAD (n = 15), and a normal control group (n = 19). Results: As expected, the mean MIS score of the OCD group was significantly higher than that of the non-clinical group. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between the mean MIS scores of the OCD and GAD group. However, the results of correlational analyses suggest that it may have differing roles in these disorders. Conclusions: Although elevated MT is evident in individuals with OCD, it may not be specific to OCD and may also be prominent in GAD. Further research is recommended to elucidate the exact role of this construct in these disorders.
Published: 2011

127. Anger management for people with mild to moderate learning disabilities: Study protocol for a multi-centre cluster randomized controlled trial of a manualized intervention delivered by day-service staff

Author: Julia Townson, John Rose, Jacqueline Nuttall, Paul Willner, Biza Stenfert-Kroese, Andrew Jahoda, David John Felce, Kerenza Hood, and David Gillespie
Subjects: Adult, Psychotherapist, Anger management, Challenging behaviour, Health Personnel, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine (miscellaneous), Anger, Severity of Illness Index, behavioral disciplines and activities, law.invention, Study Protocol, Randomized controlled trial, Nursing, law, Intervention (counseling), Humans, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), media_common, lcsh:R5-920, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Learning Disabilities, business.industry, Mental Disorders, Improving Access to Psychological Therapies, R1, Mental health, Research Design, Cognitive therapy, lcsh:Medicine (General), business, Day Care, Medical
Abstract: Background Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for common mental health problems, but this approach has only recently been adapted for people with learning disabilities, and there is a limited evidence base for the use of CBT with this client group. Anger treatment is the one area where there exists a reasonable number of small controlled trials. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a manualized 12-week CBT intervention for anger. The intervention will be delivered by staff working in the day services that the participants attend, following training to act as 'lay therapists' by a Clinical Psychologist, who will also provide supervision. Methods/Design This is a multi-centre cluster randomized controlled trial of a group intervention versus a 'support as usual' waiting-list control group, with randomization at the level of the group. Outcomes will be assessed at the end of the intervention and again 6-months later. After completion of the 6-month follow-up assessments, the intervention will also be delivered to the waiting-list groups. The study will include a range of anger/aggression and mental health measures, some of which will be completed by service users and also by their day service key-workers and by home carers. Qualitative data will be collected to assess the impact of the intervention on participants, lay therapists, and services, and the study will also include a service-utilization cost and consequences analysis. Discussion This will be the first trial to investigate formally how effectively staff working in services providing day activities for people with learning disabilities are able to use a therapy manual to deliver a CBT based anger management intervention, following brief training by a Clinical Psychologist. The demonstration that service staff can successfully deliver anger management to people with learning disabilities, by widening the pool of potential therapists, would have very significant benefits in relation to the current policy of improving access to psychological therapies, in addition to addressing more effectively an important and often unmet need of this vulnerable client group. The economic analysis will identify the direct and indirect costs (and/or savings) of the intervention and consider these in relation to the range of observed effects. The qualitative analyses will enhance the interpretation of the quantitative data, and if the study shows positive results, will inform the roll-out of the intervention to the wider community. Trial registration ISRCTN: ISRCTN37509773
Published: 2011
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128. What do newly appointed health staff know about the Mental Capacity Act (2005)?

Author: Glenda Lewis, Paul Willner, Jennifer Bridle, and Simon Dymond
Subjects: business.industry, Health Policy, media_common.quotation_subject, Health Personnel, MEDLINE, Ignorance, Professional competence, National health service, United Kingdom, Issues, ethics and legal aspects, Health personnel, Professional Competence, Nursing, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mental capacity, Medicine, Humans, Mental Competency, business, Law, media_common
Abstract: Objectives The study aimed to assess the extent of knowledge of the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) (2005) among new recruits to a National Health Service (NHS) Trust. Design Respondents were assessed before and after a brief training experience. Setting Data were collected while respondents attended their mandatory Trust induction training. Main outcome measure Assessment was by means of a 16-item true–false questionnaire. Results While respondents' knowledge appeared reasonably good for some important features of the MCA, these results may have been exaggerated by a strong tendency to respond ‘true’, which persisted despite instructions intended to counteract it. Some significant areas of ignorance were also identified. Scores showed a small but significant improvement when participants were reassessed following a 10-minute talk on the MCA; the improvements were specific to certain items that were included in the training presentation. There were no significant differences in performance between non-clinical staff, naïve clinicians and clinicians who reported having previously received training on the MCA. Conclusions Knowledge of the MCA among newly appointed NHS staff is patchy, with some strengths but also significant weaknesses. The results demonstrate a benefit of the brief training experience, but also question how much information is retained by participants in MCA training.
Published: 2011

129. Subsensitivity to rewarding and locomotor stimulant effects of a dopamine agonist following chronic mild stress

Author: Mariusz Papp, Paul Willner, and Richard Muscat
Subjects: Male, Sucrose, Dextroamphetamine, Quinpirole, medicine.medical_treatment, Drinking Behavior, Motor Activity, Nucleus accumbens, Pharmacology, Dopamine agonist, Reward, Dopamine, Dopamine receptor D2, medicine, Animals, Ergolines, Amphetamine, Water Deprivation, business.industry, Stimulation, Chemical, Rats, Stimulant, Dopamine Agonists, Systemic administration, Conditioning, Operant, Food Deprivation, business, Stress, Psychological, medicine.drug
Abstract: Chronic exposure to very mild unpredictable stress has previously been found to reduce or abolish the acquisition of place preference conditioning. In the present study, chronic mild stress was found to abolish the acquisition of preferences for a distinctive environment paired with systemic administration of amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) or quinpirole (100-400 micrograms/kg) or with quinpirole (0.75 micrograms) administered bilaterally within the nucleus accumbens. The locomotor stimulant effects of quinpirole (100-400 micrograms/kg) were also attenuated in stressed animals. The result suggest that decreased sensitivity to reward following chronic mild stress results from a decreased sensitivity of dopamine D2 receptors within the nucleus accumbens.
Published: 1993
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130. Behavioural sensitization to a dopamine agonist is associated with reversal of stress-induced anhedonia

Author: Mariusz Papp, Paul Willner, and Richard Muscat
Subjects: Male, Sucrose, medicine.medical_specialty, Quinpirole, medicine.medical_treatment, Drinking Behavior, Motor Activity, Dopamine agonist, Reward, Dopamine receptor D3, Dopamine, Internal medicine, Salicylamides, medicine, Animals, Ergolines, Sensitization, Pharmacology, Raclopride, Behavior, Animal, Dopamine antagonist, Rats, Stimulant, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, Dopamine Agonists, Conditioning, Operant, Dopamine Antagonists, Psychology, Stress, Psychological, medicine.drug
Abstract: Chronic exposure to very mild unpredictable stress (CMS) has previously been found to reduce the consumption of palatable sweet solutions and to impair place preference conditioning; evidence has been presented that these effects may reflect a dysfunction of the mesolimbic dopamine system. In the present study, rats were subjected to CMS for a total of 9 weeks. CMS reduced the consumption of a 1% sucrose solution. During weeks 6 and 7, animals received quinpirole (0-400 micrograms/kg) twice weekly. Both CMS-treated animals and controls showed sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effects of quinpirole. Subsequently, a sustained recovery of sucrose drinking was observed in quinpirole-treated stressed animals. During week 8, all animals received a single pair of place preference conditioning trials, in which quinpirole (200 micrograms/kg) was administered in a distinctive environment, and vehicle in a different environment. Non-stressed animals showed an increase in preference for the environment associated with quinpirole, as did stressed animals that had been sensitized to quinpirole, this effect was absent in untreated stressed animals. Finally, in week 9, acute administration of raclopride (150 micrograms/kg) was found to reverse the recovery of sucrose drinking in quinpirole-treated stressed animals, suggesting that these effects are mediated by an increase in dopamine function.
Published: 1993
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131. A visual aid to decision-making for people with intellectual disabilities

Author: Rebecca Bailey, Simon Dymond, and Paul Willner
Subjects: Adult, Male, media_common.quotation_subject, Control (management), Applied psychology, Decision Making, Psychological intervention, Choice Behavior, Task (project management), Developmental psychology, Feedback, Intellectual Disability, Intellectual disability, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Quality (business), Temporal discounting, media_common, Audiovisual Aids, Cognition, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Clinical Psychology, Socioeconomic Factors, Learning disability, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Reinforcement, Psychology, Day Care, Medical, Computer-Assisted Instruction
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that people with mild intellectual disabilities have difficulty in 'weighing-up' information, defined as integrating information from two different sources for the purpose of reaching a decision. This was demonstrated in two very different procedures, temporal discounting and a scenario-based financial decision-making task. In the present study, both tasks were presented to 24 participants who attended day services for people with learning disabilities (mean Full-Scale IQ = 59.8), half of whom were trained to use a visual aid to support decision-making. Performance of control participants did not change over repeated testing, but use of the visual aid substantially improved the quality of decision-making on both tasks: temporal discounting performance became more orderly, and participants were able to provide more information to justify their decisions in the financial decision-making task. The visual aid also substantially improved participants' ability to justify decisions they made about their own lives. We suggest that, while the visual aid was designed and evaluated as a means of increasing the quality of reasoning that supports a decision, it may also have potential as an aid to therapeutic interventions aimed at encouraging wiser decision-making.
Published: 2010

132. Anger Management groups for adolescents: a mixed-methods study of efficacy and treatment preferences

Author: Paul Willner, Louise Watts, Richard Down, and Jenny Griffiths
Subjects: Male, Coping (psychology), Anger management, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, Poison control, Pilot Projects, Anger, behavioral disciplines and activities, Developmental psychology, Treatment and control groups, Group psychotherapy, Adaptation, Psychological, medicine, Humans, Child, media_common, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Aggression, Social Behavior Disorders, General Medicine, Self Concept, United Kingdom, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cognitive therapy, Psychotherapy, Group, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: We compared the efficacy of, and adolescents’ preferences for, a Cognitive Behavioural (CBT) and Personal Development (PD) Anger Management (AM) group. The CBT group aimed to help adolescents develop skills to manage predominantly reactive aggression. The PD group aimed to enhance motivation to develop less aggressive identities with less use of proactive aggression. Eighteen adolescents were randomly allocated to a 10-session CBT or PD AM Group; seven additional adolescents formed a control group. They completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires to assess anger expression and control, use of AM coping skills (also completed by carers) and self-image. Participants were also interviewed pre- and post-intervention; transcripts were subjected to Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Both treatment groups demonstrated significant improvements in anger coping and self-esteem, relative to the control group. Participants’ age was significantly correlated with self-image and anger control outcomes in the CBT group. Qualitative analysis identified factors associated with improved outcomes, particularly regarding participants’ age, motivation and readiness to change, engagement in the therapeutic process, group dynamics and emotional expressiveness. Our ability to interpret data clinically was enhanced by the use of a mixed quantitative-qualitative methodology. The results help us to better match interventions to clients.
Published: 2010

133. Post-Translational Amino Acid Modification

Author: R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, Delphine Capdevielle, Jean-Philippe Boulenger, Cyril Höschl, Martine Cador, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Anthony Riley, Steve Kohut, Alex Hofer, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, D. Warren Spence, Shelby Freedman Harris, Michael J. Thorpy, Milton Kramer, Ian Stolerman, Holden D. Brown, Michael Ragozzino, Klaus A. Miczek, Anne Jackson, Sven Ove Ögren, Oliver Stiedl, Paul R. Pentel, Mark LeSage, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H. Woods, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R. Sage, Stephanie A. Carmack, Jos Prickaerts, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhushi, Christoph U. Correll, Mohammed Shoaib, Trevor Robbins, Daniel Hoyer, Luzio Tremolizzo, Gessica Sala, Carlo Ferrarese, Seiya Miyamoto, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Richard A. Depue, Tara L. White, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, S. Stevens Negus, Dana E. Selley, Laura J. Sim-Selley, Christoph Hiemke, Sophie Tambour, John C. Crabbe, Pierre Baumann, Kim Wolff, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Alan J. Budney, Robert L. Balster, Sharon Walsh, Andrea Bari, Johannes Mosbacher, Paul Willner, Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Sabine M. Hölter, John F. Cryan, Michel Le Moal, Marco Leyton, Sara Tomlinson, Glen Baker, Bernard Le Foll, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Tomasz Schneider, Yogita Chudasama, Stan Floresco, Marc Potenza, Fabrizio Benedetti, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Lucio Tremolizzo, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Malcolm Lader, Stefan Leucht, Mark Slifstein, Samuel G. Siris, Susan Jones, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per Andrén, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Stephen C. Fowler, Harriet de Wit, Britta Hahn, Helen Cassaday, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Michael Minzenberg, David Baldwin, C. Neill Epperson, Lawrence Scahill, I. T. Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Bart Ellenbroek, Patrick D. McGorry, Alison R. Yung, Mark A. Geyer, Angela Roberts, Celia Morgan, Valerie Curran, Jill B. Becker, Mary Cain, Michael T. Bardo, Theodora Duka, Sam Hutton, Martin Cammarota, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Iván Izquierdo, Husseini Manji, Jorge Quiroz, Per E. Andrén, Peter Verhaert, Joji Suzuki, Torsten Passie, Pedro E. Huertas, John Halpern, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Giovanni Hernandez, Peter Shizgal, Ian Hindmarch, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Marcy J. Bubar, Kathryn A. Cunningham, Marie-Louise Wadenberg, Marc N. Branch, Jeffrey M. Witkin, James E. Barrett, Ivan Izquierdo, and Lia Rejane M. Bevilaqua
Published: 2010
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134. Adverse Effect

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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135. Presynaptic Bouton

Author: R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, Delphine Capdevielle, Jean-Philippe Boulenger, Cyril Höschl, Martine Cador, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Anthony Riley, Steve Kohut, Alex Hofer, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, D. Warren Spence, Shelby Freedman Harris, Michael J. Thorpy, Milton Kramer, Ian Stolerman, Holden D. Brown, Michael Ragozzino, Klaus A. Miczek, Anne Jackson, Sven Ove Ögren, Oliver Stiedl, Paul R. Pentel, Mark LeSage, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H. Woods, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R. Sage, Stephanie A. Carmack, Jos Prickaerts, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhushi, Christoph U. Correll, Mohammed Shoaib, Trevor Robbins, Daniel Hoyer, Luzio Tremolizzo, Gessica Sala, Carlo Ferrarese, Seiya Miyamoto, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Richard A. Depue, Tara L. White, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, S. Stevens Negus, Dana E. Selley, Laura J. Sim-Selley, Christoph Hiemke, Sophie Tambour, John C. Crabbe, Pierre Baumann, Kim Wolff, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Alan J. Budney, Robert L. Balster, Sharon Walsh, Andrea Bari, Johannes Mosbacher, Paul Willner, Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Sabine M. Hölter, John F. Cryan, Michel Le Moal, Marco Leyton, Sara Tomlinson, Glen Baker, Bernard Le Foll, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Tomasz Schneider, Yogita Chudasama, Stan Floresco, Marc Potenza, Fabrizio Benedetti, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Lucio Tremolizzo, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Malcolm Lader, Stefan Leucht, Mark Slifstein, Samuel G. Siris, Susan Jones, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per Andrén, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Stephen C. Fowler, Harriet de Wit, Britta Hahn, Helen Cassaday, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Michael Minzenberg, David Baldwin, C. Neill Epperson, Lawrence Scahill, I. T. Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Bart Ellenbroek, Patrick D. McGorry, Alison R. Yung, Mark A. Geyer, Angela Roberts, Celia Morgan, Valerie Curran, Jill B. Becker, Mary Cain, Michael T. Bardo, Theodora Duka, Sam Hutton, Martin Cammarota, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Iván Izquierdo, Husseini Manji, Jorge Quiroz, Per E. Andrén, Peter Verhaert, Joji Suzuki, Torsten Passie, Pedro E. Huertas, John Halpern, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Giovanni Hernandez, Peter Shizgal, Ian Hindmarch, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Marcy J. Bubar, Kathryn A. Cunningham, Marie-Louise Wadenberg, Marc N. Branch, Jeffrey M. Witkin, James E. Barrett, Ivan Izquierdo, and Lia Rejane M. Bevilaqua
Published: 2010
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136. Adolescent Neurodevelopmental Vulnerability

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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137. Labeled Ligand Concentration Binding Isotherm

Author: Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Cécile Viollet, Jacques Epelbaum, Daniel Hoyer, Ina Weiner, Ian Hindmarch, Martina de Zwaan, Joseph H. Friedman, David A. Brent, Fadi T. Maalouf, Paul Willner, Francis C. Colpaert, Eric J. Nestler, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Malcolm Lader, Tooru M. Mizuno, Paolo Nencini, Michele S. Milella, Stephen B. Dunnett, Paul Newhouse, Heather Wilkins, Kim Wolff, Alyson J. Bond, Angus Mackay, Sarah Morgan, James Winslow, Jason C. G. Halford, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Martine Cador, Roshan Cools, Dietrich van Calker, Anne Berghöfer, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Lawrence H. Price, Ian P. Stolerman, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Andreas Marneros, Helen E. Gibson, Susan Jones, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Elizabeth C. Warburton, and Lance R. McMahon
Published: 2010
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138. Allosteric Site

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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139. Postsynaptic Proteins

Author: R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, Delphine Capdevielle, Jean-Philippe Boulenger, Cyril Höschl, Martine Cador, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Anthony Riley, Steve Kohut, Alex Hofer, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, D. Warren Spence, Shelby Freedman Harris, Michael J. Thorpy, Milton Kramer, Ian Stolerman, Holden D. Brown, Michael Ragozzino, Klaus A. Miczek, Anne Jackson, Sven Ove Ögren, Oliver Stiedl, Paul R. Pentel, Mark LeSage, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H. Woods, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R. Sage, Stephanie A. Carmack, Jos Prickaerts, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhushi, Christoph U. Correll, Mohammed Shoaib, Trevor Robbins, Daniel Hoyer, Luzio Tremolizzo, Gessica Sala, Carlo Ferrarese, Seiya Miyamoto, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Richard A. Depue, Tara L. White, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, S. Stevens Negus, Dana E. Selley, Laura J. Sim-Selley, Christoph Hiemke, Sophie Tambour, John C. Crabbe, Pierre Baumann, Kim Wolff, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Alan J. Budney, Robert L. Balster, Sharon Walsh, Andrea Bari, Johannes Mosbacher, Paul Willner, Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Sabine M. Hölter, John F. Cryan, Michel Le Moal, Marco Leyton, Sara Tomlinson, Glen Baker, Bernard Le Foll, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Tomasz Schneider, Yogita Chudasama, Stan Floresco, Marc Potenza, Fabrizio Benedetti, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Lucio Tremolizzo, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Malcolm Lader, Stefan Leucht, Mark Slifstein, Samuel G. Siris, Susan Jones, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per Andrén, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Stephen C. Fowler, Harriet de Wit, Britta Hahn, Helen Cassaday, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Michael Minzenberg, David Baldwin, C. Neill Epperson, Lawrence Scahill, I. T. Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Bart Ellenbroek, Patrick D. McGorry, Alison R. Yung, Mark A. Geyer, Angela Roberts, Celia Morgan, Valerie Curran, Jill B. Becker, Mary Cain, Michael T. Bardo, Theodora Duka, Sam Hutton, Martin Cammarota, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Iván Izquierdo, Husseini Manji, Jorge Quiroz, Per E. Andrén, Peter Verhaert, Joji Suzuki, Torsten Passie, Pedro E. Huertas, John Halpern, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Giovanni Hernandez, Peter Shizgal, Ian Hindmarch, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Marcy J. Bubar, Kathryn A. Cunningham, Marie-Louise Wadenberg, Marc N. Branch, Jeffrey M. Witkin, James E. Barrett, Ivan Izquierdo, and Lia Rejane M. Bevilaqua
Published: 2010
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140. Action Inhibition

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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141. Avoidance

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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142. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Author: Daniel Hoyer, Eric P Zorrilla, Pietro Cottone, Sarah Parylak, Micaela Morelli, Nicola Simola, James D. Lane, Michael M Morgan, M J Christie, Cecilia J. Hillard, Alan J. Budney, Ryan G. Vandrey, Trevor Robbins, Paolo Nencini, Michele Stanislaw Milella, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Victoria L Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Seiya Miyamoto, Osborne Almeida, Nuno Sousa, S Yu, Anthony Absalom, David Menon, Pedro L. Delgado, Cyril Höschl, Tara L White, Richard Depue, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Peter J Flor, Inga Neumann, Craig A Erickson, David J Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Malcolm Lader, Theodora Duka, Emma Childs, Britta Hahn, Jaanus Harro, Paul Newhouse, Heather Wilkins, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Eric Nestler, Anthony R Isles, Lawrence Wilkinson, Subhash Pandey, Samuel G. Siris, Paul Willner, Michel Billiard, Björn Lemmer, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Lawrence H. Price, Tomek J Banasikowski, Richard J Beninger, John Harvey, Brian E. Leonard, Kim Wolff, Ashwini Padhi, Naomi Fineberg, Warren H Meck, Catalin V Buhushi, Lance Richard McMahon, Yogita Chudasama, Michael Kuhar, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Mohammed Shoaib, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S Hurst, Michael Bloch, James F Leckman, Barbara J. Sahakian, Sharon Morein-Zamir, Anne Jackson, Ben J Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Ian Hindmarch, Alyson J Bond, Jaime M Monti, Darren R Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Marcy J Bubar, Kathryn A Cunningham, Christine A Franco, Marc Potenza, Maria-Inés López-Ibor, Juan J López-Ibor, Joseph H Friedman, Alex Hofer, Tomek J. Banasikowski, Richard J. Beninger, Matthew I Palmatier, Rick A Bevins, Thomas Tzschentke, David Roberts, Stephan Anagnostaras, Jennifer R Sage, Stephanie A Carmack, Stephen J. Kohut, Anthony L. Riley, Ronald F. Mucha, Jos Prickaerts, Oliver Stiedl, Sven Ove Ögren, Karim Nader, Oliver Hardt, Paola V. Migues, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D Stewart, Patrick M Sexton, Yavin Shaham, Sunila G Nair, Sarah H Heil, Stacey C Sigmon, Stephen T. Higgins, Sarah H. Heil, Stacey C. Sigmon, Marc N Branch, Mary Cain, Michael T Bardo, Robert L Balster, Sharon Walsh, Roel de Rijk, Ronald De Kloet, Chase H. Bourke, Michael J. Owens, Cécile Viollet, Jacques Epelbaum, Karl Mann, Falk Kiefer, Michael Owens, Chase Bourke, Hamish McAllister-Williams, Andreas Marneros, Rodrigo Andrade, Ivan Izquierdo, Lia Rejane M Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Christoph Hiemke, Maria Isabel Colado, and Richard Green
Published: 2010
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143. Allosteric Modulators

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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144. E

Author: Bart Ellenbroek, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Martina de Zwaan, Sarah Parylak, Pietro Cottone, Eric P. Zorrilla, Lawrence H. Price, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Sophie Tambour, John C. Crabbe, Ian P. Stolerman, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Michael H. Bloch, Sarah Morgan, Angus Mackay, Gary Remington, Sidney H. Kennedy, Sakina J. Rizvi, Giovanni Hernandez, Peter Shizgal, Mitul A. Mehta, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Lynette C. Daws, Anne M. Andrews, Greg A. Gerhardt, Mischa de Rover, Sander Nieuwenhuis, Peter H. Boeijinga, Victoria L. Harvey, Anthony H. Dickenson, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per E. Andrén, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Kim Wolff, Iván Izquierdo, Lia Rejane M. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, David H. Zald, Oliver Stiedl, Sven Ove Ögren, Joseph Zohar, Alan J. Budney, Cecilia J. Hillard, Josee E. Leysen, Samuel B. Hutton, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Paul Willner, Jason C. G. Halford, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Francis C. Colpaert, Daniel Hoyer, Paul D. Callaghan, Iain S. McGregor, Murray R. Thompson, Mary E. Cain, Michael T. Bardo, Christoph Hiemke, Lawrence S. Wilkinson, Anthony R. Isles, Celia J. A. Morgan, Valerie H. Curran, Mark Slifstein, Jos Prickaerts, David E. Nichols, Marc N. Branch, Mohammed Shoaib, Jill B. Becker, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Juan J. López-Ibor, Maria-Inés López-Ibor, Berend Olivier, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Seiya Miyamoto, Bernard Le Foll, Cyril Höschl, David S. Baldwin, Thomas Steckler, Michel Billiard, Linda Lundström, Will Spooren, Silvia Gatti McArthur, Darrel J. Pemberton, Andrea Bari, Amee B. Patel, Kim Fromme, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, and W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker
Published: 2010
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145. Perseveration

Author: R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, Delphine Capdevielle, Jean-Philippe Boulenger, Cyril Höschl, Martine Cador, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Anthony Riley, Steve Kohut, Alex Hofer, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, D. Warren Spence, Shelby Freedman Harris, Michael J. Thorpy, Milton Kramer, Ian Stolerman, Holden D. Brown, Michael Ragozzino, Klaus A. Miczek, Anne Jackson, Sven Ove Ögren, Oliver Stiedl, Paul R. Pentel, Mark LeSage, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H. Woods, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R. Sage, Stephanie A. Carmack, Jos Prickaerts, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhushi, Christoph U. Correll, Mohammed Shoaib, Trevor Robbins, Daniel Hoyer, Luzio Tremolizzo, Gessica Sala, Carlo Ferrarese, Seiya Miyamoto, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Richard A. Depue, Tara L. White, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, S. Stevens Negus, Dana E. Selley, Laura J. Sim-Selley, Christoph Hiemke, Sophie Tambour, John C. Crabbe, Pierre Baumann, Kim Wolff, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Alan J. Budney, Robert L. Balster, Sharon Walsh, Andrea Bari, Johannes Mosbacher, Paul Willner, Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Sabine M. Hölter, John F. Cryan, Michel Le Moal, Marco Leyton, Sara Tomlinson, Glen Baker, Bernard Le Foll, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Tomasz Schneider, Yogita Chudasama, Stan Floresco, Marc Potenza, Fabrizio Benedetti, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Lucio Tremolizzo, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Malcolm Lader, Stefan Leucht, Mark Slifstein, Samuel G. Siris, Susan Jones, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per Andrén, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Stephen C. Fowler, Harriet de Wit, Britta Hahn, Helen Cassaday, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Michael Minzenberg, David Baldwin, C. Neill Epperson, Lawrence Scahill, I. T. Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Bart Ellenbroek, Patrick D. McGorry, Alison R. Yung, Mark A. Geyer, Angela Roberts, Celia Morgan, Valerie Curran, Jill B. Becker, Mary Cain, Michael T. Bardo, Theodora Duka, Sam Hutton, Martin Cammarota, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Iván Izquierdo, Husseini Manji, Jorge Quiroz, Per E. Andrén, Peter Verhaert, Joji Suzuki, Torsten Passie, Pedro E. Huertas, John Halpern, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Giovanni Hernandez, Peter Shizgal, Ian Hindmarch, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Marcy J. Bubar, Kathryn A. Cunningham, Marie-Louise Wadenberg, Marc N. Branch, Jeffrey M. Witkin, James E. Barrett, Ivan Izquierdo, and Lia Rejane M. Bevilaqua
Published: 2010
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146. LY139603

Author: Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Cécile Viollet, Jacques Epelbaum, Daniel Hoyer, Ina Weiner, Ian Hindmarch, Martina de Zwaan, Joseph H. Friedman, David A. Brent, Fadi T. Maalouf, Paul Willner, Francis C. Colpaert, Eric J. Nestler, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Malcolm Lader, Tooru M. Mizuno, Paolo Nencini, Michele S. Milella, Stephen B. Dunnett, Paul Newhouse, Heather Wilkins, Kim Wolff, Alyson J. Bond, Angus Mackay, Sarah Morgan, James Winslow, Jason C. G. Halford, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Martine Cador, Roshan Cools, Dietrich van Calker, Anne Berghöfer, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Lawrence H. Price, Ian P. Stolerman, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Andreas Marneros, Helen E. Gibson, Susan Jones, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Elizabeth C. Warburton, and Lance R. McMahon
Published: 2010
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147. Concept Formation Test

Author: Daniel Hoyer, Eric P Zorrilla, Pietro Cottone, Sarah Parylak, Micaela Morelli, Nicola Simola, James D. Lane, Michael M Morgan, M J Christie, Cecilia J. Hillard, Alan J. Budney, Ryan G. Vandrey, Trevor Robbins, Paolo Nencini, Michele Stanislaw Milella, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Victoria L Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Seiya Miyamoto, Osborne Almeida, Nuno Sousa, S Yu, Anthony Absalom, David Menon, Pedro L. Delgado, Cyril Höschl, Tara L White, Richard Depue, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Peter J Flor, Inga Neumann, Craig A Erickson, David J Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Malcolm Lader, Theodora Duka, Emma Childs, Britta Hahn, Jaanus Harro, Paul Newhouse, Heather Wilkins, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Eric Nestler, Anthony R Isles, Lawrence Wilkinson, Subhash Pandey, Samuel G. Siris, Paul Willner, Michel Billiard, Björn Lemmer, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Lawrence H. Price, Tomek J Banasikowski, Richard J Beninger, John Harvey, Brian E. Leonard, Kim Wolff, Ashwini Padhi, Naomi Fineberg, Warren H Meck, Catalin V Buhushi, Lance Richard McMahon, Yogita Chudasama, Michael Kuhar, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Mohammed Shoaib, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S Hurst, Michael Bloch, James F Leckman, Barbara J. Sahakian, Sharon Morein-Zamir, Anne Jackson, Ben J Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Ian Hindmarch, Alyson J Bond, Jaime M Monti, Darren R Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Marcy J Bubar, Kathryn A Cunningham, Christine A Franco, Marc Potenza, Maria-Inés López-Ibor, Juan J López-Ibor, Joseph H Friedman, Alex Hofer, Tomek J. Banasikowski, Richard J. Beninger, Matthew I Palmatier, Rick A Bevins, Thomas Tzschentke, David Roberts, Stephan Anagnostaras, Jennifer R Sage, Stephanie A Carmack, Stephen J. Kohut, Anthony L. Riley, Ronald F. Mucha, Jos Prickaerts, Oliver Stiedl, Sven Ove Ögren, Karim Nader, Oliver Hardt, Paola V. Migues, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D Stewart, Patrick M Sexton, Yavin Shaham, Sunila G Nair, Sarah H Heil, Stacey C Sigmon, Stephen T. Higgins, Sarah H. Heil, Stacey C. Sigmon, Marc N Branch, Mary Cain, Michael T Bardo, Robert L Balster, Sharon Walsh, Roel de Rijk, Ronald De Kloet, Chase H. Bourke, Michael J. Owens, Cécile Viollet, Jacques Epelbaum, Karl Mann, Falk Kiefer, Michael Owens, Chase Bourke, Hamish McAllister-Williams, Andreas Marneros, Rodrigo Andrade, Ivan Izquierdo, Lia Rejane M Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Christoph Hiemke, Maria Isabel Colado, and Richard Green
Published: 2010
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148. Constitutional

Author: Daniel Hoyer, Eric P Zorrilla, Pietro Cottone, Sarah Parylak, Micaela Morelli, Nicola Simola, James D. Lane, Michael M Morgan, M J Christie, Cecilia J. Hillard, Alan J. Budney, Ryan G. Vandrey, Trevor Robbins, Paolo Nencini, Michele Stanislaw Milella, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Victoria L Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Seiya Miyamoto, Osborne Almeida, Nuno Sousa, S Yu, Anthony Absalom, David Menon, Pedro L. Delgado, Cyril Höschl, Tara L White, Richard Depue, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Peter J Flor, Inga Neumann, Craig A Erickson, David J Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Malcolm Lader, Theodora Duka, Emma Childs, Britta Hahn, Jaanus Harro, Paul Newhouse, Heather Wilkins, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Eric Nestler, Anthony R Isles, Lawrence Wilkinson, Subhash Pandey, Samuel G. Siris, Paul Willner, Michel Billiard, Björn Lemmer, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Lawrence H. Price, Tomek J Banasikowski, Richard J Beninger, John Harvey, Brian E. Leonard, Kim Wolff, Ashwini Padhi, Naomi Fineberg, Warren H Meck, Catalin V Buhushi, Lance Richard McMahon, Yogita Chudasama, Michael Kuhar, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Mohammed Shoaib, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S Hurst, Michael Bloch, James F Leckman, Barbara J. Sahakian, Sharon Morein-Zamir, Anne Jackson, Ben J Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Ian Hindmarch, Alyson J Bond, Jaime M Monti, Darren R Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Marcy J Bubar, Kathryn A Cunningham, Christine A Franco, Marc Potenza, Maria-Inés López-Ibor, Juan J López-Ibor, Joseph H Friedman, Alex Hofer, Tomek J. Banasikowski, Richard J. Beninger, Matthew I Palmatier, Rick A Bevins, Thomas Tzschentke, David Roberts, Stephan Anagnostaras, Jennifer R Sage, Stephanie A Carmack, Stephen J. Kohut, Anthony L. Riley, Ronald F. Mucha, Jos Prickaerts, Oliver Stiedl, Sven Ove Ögren, Karim Nader, Oliver Hardt, Paola V. Migues, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D Stewart, Patrick M Sexton, Yavin Shaham, Sunila G Nair, Sarah H Heil, Stacey C Sigmon, Stephen T. Higgins, Sarah H. Heil, Stacey C. Sigmon, Marc N Branch, Mary Cain, Michael T Bardo, Robert L Balster, Sharon Walsh, Roel de Rijk, Ronald De Kloet, Chase H. Bourke, Michael J. Owens, Cécile Viollet, Jacques Epelbaum, Karl Mann, Falk Kiefer, Michael Owens, Chase Bourke, Hamish McAllister-Williams, Andreas Marneros, Rodrigo Andrade, Ivan Izquierdo, Lia Rejane M Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Christoph Hiemke, Maria Isabel Colado, and Richard Green
Published: 2010
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149. Cost Utility of the Latest Antipsychotic Drugs in Schizophrenia Study

Author: Daniel Hoyer, Eric P Zorrilla, Pietro Cottone, Sarah Parylak, Micaela Morelli, Nicola Simola, James D. Lane, Michael M Morgan, M J Christie, Cecilia J. Hillard, Alan J. Budney, Ryan G. Vandrey, Trevor Robbins, Paolo Nencini, Michele Stanislaw Milella, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Victoria L Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Seiya Miyamoto, Osborne Almeida, Nuno Sousa, S Yu, Anthony Absalom, David Menon, Pedro L. Delgado, Cyril Höschl, Tara L White, Richard Depue, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Peter J Flor, Inga Neumann, Craig A Erickson, David J Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Malcolm Lader, Theodora Duka, Emma Childs, Britta Hahn, Jaanus Harro, Paul Newhouse, Heather Wilkins, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Eric Nestler, Anthony R Isles, Lawrence Wilkinson, Subhash Pandey, Samuel G. Siris, Paul Willner, Michel Billiard, Björn Lemmer, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Lawrence H. Price, Tomek J Banasikowski, Richard J Beninger, John Harvey, Brian E. Leonard, Kim Wolff, Ashwini Padhi, Naomi Fineberg, Warren H Meck, Catalin V Buhushi, Lance Richard McMahon, Yogita Chudasama, Michael Kuhar, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Mohammed Shoaib, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S Hurst, Michael Bloch, James F Leckman, Barbara J. Sahakian, Sharon Morein-Zamir, Anne Jackson, Ben J Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Ian Hindmarch, Alyson J Bond, Jaime M Monti, Darren R Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Marcy J Bubar, Kathryn A Cunningham, Christine A Franco, Marc Potenza, Maria-Inés López-Ibor, Juan J López-Ibor, Joseph H Friedman, Alex Hofer, Tomek J. Banasikowski, Richard J. Beninger, Matthew I Palmatier, Rick A Bevins, Thomas Tzschentke, David Roberts, Stephan Anagnostaras, Jennifer R Sage, Stephanie A Carmack, Stephen J. Kohut, Anthony L. Riley, Ronald F. Mucha, Jos Prickaerts, Oliver Stiedl, Sven Ove Ögren, Karim Nader, Oliver Hardt, Paola V. Migues, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D Stewart, Patrick M Sexton, Yavin Shaham, Sunila G Nair, Sarah H Heil, Stacey C Sigmon, Stephen T. Higgins, Sarah H. Heil, Stacey C. Sigmon, Marc N Branch, Mary Cain, Michael T Bardo, Robert L Balster, Sharon Walsh, Roel de Rijk, Ronald De Kloet, Chase H. Bourke, Michael J. Owens, Cécile Viollet, Jacques Epelbaum, Karl Mann, Falk Kiefer, Michael Owens, Chase Bourke, Hamish McAllister-Williams, Andreas Marneros, Rodrigo Andrade, Ivan Izquierdo, Lia Rejane M Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Christoph Hiemke, Maria Isabel Colado, and Richard Green
Published: 2010
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150. Antidepressants: Recent Developments

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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