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20 G2) were included. SVR was defined as undetectable HCVRNA at 24 weeks of follow up. The SNP analysis of rs12979860 variant was determined in 50ng of DNA by RT-PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers and probes to amplify the sequence target in DNA (Tib MoLBIOL GmbH, Berlin Germany). All HCV patients were genotyped as CC, CT or TT. Results: CT and TT variants were present in 45 and 18 subjects (56% and 23%, respectively) of the studied population. CC polymorphism had the lowest frequency in our cohort (21%, CI 95%: 12.89–31.83%) and it was strongly associated with response to standard treatment (OR 2.95); 76% of CC carriers achieved SVR compared with 55.5% and 44.4% of SVR in patients with CT and TT variants.

High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), utilizing adsorption on microparticulate silica, provides analytical resolution of copper, nickel, and palladium chelates of tetradentate β-ketoimines. The chelates investigated are those of non-fluorinated, semi-fluorinated and fluorinated ligands derived from condensation of acetylacetone and trifluoroacetyl-acetone with ethylenediamine, 1,2-diaminopropane and 2,3-diaminobutane. Novel chelates are described for the latter ligand group with various geometrical isomers being prepared. HPLC separations are described related to the increase in extent of chelate fluorination, the nature of the chelated metal and the geometrical isomer forms of the complexes.

The development of remote small-scale energy systems such as small decentralized hydropower offers a unique opportunity for pursuit of a decentralized approach to economic development. This paper presents a general overview of energy needs and consumption patterns in rural areas, the nature of the energy output of small hydropower systems, and how that output can be used most productively. In the broadest sense, “productive” uses of energy are those uses which increase or enhance production in agricultural, industrial, commercial, and home industry activities. This in turn enhances the economy of small-scale schemes through higher load factors and increased income generation. Opportunities to increase productive use of small power generating stations are explored as well as the constraints to proliferation of productive uses in rural areas and the complementary programs required to overcome those constraints.