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Background:The introduction of two-view mammography at incident (subsequent) screens in the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) has led to an increased number of cancers detected at screen. However, the effect of two-view mammography on interval cancer rates has yet to be assessed.Methods:Routine screening and interval cancer data were collated from all screening programmes in the United Kingdom for women aged 50-64, screened between 1 April 2003 and 31 March 2005. Interval cancer rates were compared based on whether two-view mammography was in use at the last routine screen.Results:The reduction in interval cancers following screening using two-view mammography compared with one view was 0.68 per 1 000 women screened. Overall, this suggests the introduction of two-view mammography at incident screen was accompanied by a 15-20% reduction in interval cancer rates in the NHSBSP.Conclusion:The introduction of two-view mammography at incident screens is associated with a reduction in incidence of interval cancers. This is consistent with previous publications on a contemporaneous increase in screen-detected cancers. The results provide further evidence of the benefit of the use of two-view mammography at incident screens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and study aims: Increasing colonoscopy withdrawal time (CWT) is thought to be associated with increasing adenoma detection rate (ADR). Current English guidelines recommend a minimum CWT of 6 minutes. It is known that in the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) in England there is wide variation in CWT. The aim of this observational study was to examine the relationship between CWT and ADR. Patients and methods: The study examined data from 31 088 colonoscopies by 147 screening program colonoscopists. Colonoscopists were grouped in four levels of mean CWT (<7, 7-8.9, 9-10.9, and⩾11 minutes). Univariable andmultivariable analysis (binary logistic and negative binomial regression) were used to explore the relationship between CWT, ADR, mean number of adenomas and number of right-sided and advanced adenomas. Results: In colonoscopists with a mean CWT<7 minutes, the mean ADR was 42.5% compared with 47.1% in the⩾11-minute group (P<0.001). The mean number of adenomas detected per procedure increased from 0.77 to 0.94, respectively (P<0.001). The increase in adenoma detection was mainly of subcentimeter or proximal adenomas; there was no increase in the detection of advanced adenomas. Regression models showed an increase in ADR from 43% to 46.5% for mean CWT times ranging from 6 to 10 minutes. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that longer mean withdrawal times are associated with increasing adenoma detection, mainly of small or right-sided adenomas. However, beyond 10 minutes the increase in ADR is minimal. Mean withdrawal times longer than 6 minutes are not associated with increased detection of advanced adenomas. Withdrawal time remains an important quality metric of colonoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidisciplinary, evidence-based guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis have been developed by experts in a project coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The full guideline document covers the entire process of populationbased screening. It consists of 10 chapters and over 250 recommendations, graded according to the strength of the recommendation and the supporting evidence. The 450-page guidelines and the extensive evidence base have been published by the European Commission. The content of the executive summary is presented here to promote international discussion and collaboration by making the principles and standards recommended in the new EU Guidelines known to a wider professional and scientific community. Following these recommendations has the potential to enhance the control of colorectal cancer through improvement in the quality and effectiveness of screening programmes and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Earlier pilot studies of human papillomavirus (HPV) triage concluded that HPV triage was feasible and cost-effective. The aim of the present study was to study the impact of wider rollout of HPV triage for women with low-grade cytology on colposcopy referral and outcomes.Methods: Human papillomavirus testing of liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples showing low-grade abnormalities was used to select women for colposcopy referral at six sites in England. Samples from 10,051 women aged 25-64 years with routine call or recall cytology reported as borderline or mild dyskaryosis were included.Results: Human papillomavirus-positive rates were 53.7% in women with borderline cytology and 83.9% in those with mild dyskaryosis. The range between sites was 34.8-73.3% for borderline cytology, and 73.4-91.6% for mild dyskaryosis. In the single site using both LBC technologies there was no difference in rates between the two technologies. The positive predictive value of an HPV test was 16.3% for CIN2 or worse and 6.1% for CIN3 or worse, although there was considerable variation between sites.Conclusion: Triaging women with borderline cytological abnormalities and mild dyskaryosis with HPV testing would allow approximately a third of these women to be returned immediately to routine recall, and for a substantial proportion to be referred for colposcopy without repeat cytology. Variation in HPV-positive rates results in differing colposcopy workload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses cervical cytopathology in Great Britain. Adequacy of the cervical smear; Reporting and classification in cervical cytology; Recommendations for disease management.

In this new era of relationship-based care, involvement in treatment planning and goal setting is a high priority for patient satisfaction. This study reports on the use of standardized patients (SPs) in training third-year dental students to gather dental, medical, and psychosocial information from patients and to involve the patient in the decision-making process leading to the dental treatment plan. Among the skill areas measured, students were most successful in gathering dental information, with 94 percent of the students obtaining the complete set. Students were least successful in identifying the patient's goals for treatment (81 percent of the students identified the patients' goals). Students were most challenged by discussing sensitive topics with patients such as grief-related depression (25 percent of the students recognized and discussed such topics). It is important that dental schools familiarize students with patient issues and teach them how to talk effectively to patients about personal issues and to incorporate those issues into a discussion of the treatment plan for the patient. Standardized patients can be used effectively toward this end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original version of this article, published on 04 February 2019, unfortunately contained a mistake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important that women know that the risk of breast cancer increases with age. Women's knowledge of the increased risk will help to inform their health-seeking behaviour. This study shows that over 50% of women wrongly believe that the risk does not vary with age. Only 1% are correctly informed, believing that the oldest group of women are at the greatest risk of breast cancer. Those working in primary care need to be aware of this lack of knowledge when patients consult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on stage, grade and morphology of 12,761 colorectal cancers registered between 1995 and 2003 by Oxford Cancer Registry are reviewed. Dukes stage is recorded for 81% of colon cancers and for 69% of rectal cancers. Incomplete registry data and changing recording practices may affect future evaluation of bowel cancer screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study that analyzed the pattern of dyskaryosis in the cervical smears of aged women. Impact of cervical cancer screening on decreasing the incidence of invasive cervical cancer; Examination of the changes in the usefulness of a cervical screening test as a population ages; Limitations of the research.