Author: "Pamela J, Russell" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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101. Species-specific homing mechanisms of human prostate cancer metastasis in tissue engineered bone

Author: Ming-Tat Ling, Daniela Loessner, Dietmar W. Hutmacher, Laure Thibaudeau, Ferdinand Wagner, Boris Michael Holzapfel, Nina Pauline Holzapfel, Judith A. Clements, Ross Crawford, and Pamela J. Russell
Subjects: Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Biophysics, Bioengineering, Bone Neoplasms, Biology, Biomaterials, Prostate cancer, medicine, Bone organ, Bioluminescence imaging, Humans, Tissue Engineering, Mesenchymal stem cell, Bone metastasis, Prostatic Neoplasms, X-Ray Microtomography, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Transplantation, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Mechanics of Materials, Cancer cell, Ceramics and Composites, Cancer research, Homing (hematopoietic)
Abstract: The development of effective therapeutic strategies against prostate cancer bone metastases has been impeded by the lack of adequate animal models that are able to recapitulate the biology of the disease in humans. Bioengineered approaches allow researchers to create sophisticated experimentally and physiologically relevant in vivo models to study interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment under reproducible conditions. The aim of this study was to engineer a morphologically and functionally intact humanized organ bone which can serve as a homing site for human prostate cancer cells. Transplantation of biodegradable tubular composite scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal progenitor cells and loaded with rhBMP-7 resulted in the development of a chimeric bone construct including a large number of human mesenchymal cells which were shown to be metabolically active and capable of producing extracellular matrix components. Micro-CT analysis demonstrated that the newly formed ossicle recapitulated the morphological features of a physiological organ bone with a trabecular network surrounded by a cortex-like outer structure. This microenvironment was supportive of the lodgement and maintenance of murine haematopoietic cell clusters, thus mimicking a functional organ bone. Bioluminescence imaging demonstrated that luciferase-transduced human PC3 cells reproducibly homed to the humanized tissue engineered bone constructs, proliferated, and developed macro-metastases. This model allows the analysis of interactions between human prostate cancer cells and a functional humanized bone organ within an immuno-incompetent murine host. The system can serve as a reproducible platform to study effects of therapeutics against prostate cancer bone metastases within a humanized microenvironment.
Published: 2013

102. Prognosis and prognostic factors in node-negative cervix cancer

Author: Pamela J. Russell, S. McGahan, Martin H.N. Tattersall, Christopher Dalrymple, M. Stockler, and Perry M. Elliott
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Medical record, Mortality rate, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Confidence interval, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Internal medicine, medicine, Cervix neoplasm, business, Cervix, Survival analysis
Abstract: Relapse rates, mortality rates and possible prognostic factors were assessed in women with early-stage, node-negative cervix cancer. We identified 194 women who had a radical hysterectomy with histopathologically confirmed negative lymph nodes as primary treatment for FIGO stages IB and IIA cervix cancer between 1981 and 1990, at a single tertiary referral oncology centre. Each patient’s pathology was reviewed by two pathologists blinded to patient outcome. Clinical and demographic details were abstracted from medical records by a single observer blinded to patient outcome. Median follow-up was 5.3 years and 95% were followed for longer than 2 years. Prognostic significance for relapse-free survival was assessed with Cox’s proportional hazards model. There were 27 relapses (relapse-free survival probability of 85% (95% confidence interval (CI): 79–90)) and 19 deaths (overall survival probability 86% (95% CI: 78–93)), of which 17 were due to cervix cancer (cervix cancer specific survival probability 87% (95% CI: 80–94)). Nuclear grade 2 or 3 (P = 0.02) and small-cell squamous histology (P = 0.01) were each associated with about a four-fold increase in the risk of recurrence, while lymphatic permeation (P = 0.02), age less than 36 years (P = 0.03) and either tumor size> 28 mm (P = 0.03) or surgical clearance < 5 mm (P = 0.02) were each associated with about a 2.5-fold increase in the risk of recurrence. Adverse histologic features, young age and large tumor size were independent predictors of increased recurrence rates in these women with early-stage cervix cancer.
Published: 1996
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103. Higher expression of oncoproteins c-myc, c-erbB-2/neu, PCNA, and p53 in metastasizing colorectal cancer than in nonmetastasizing tumors

Author: Pamela J. Russell, John M. Ham, Philip J. Crowe, Jia-Lin Yang, and Kim Ow
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Receptor, ErbB-2, Colorectal cancer, C erb b 2, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc, Antigen, Surgical oncology, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Receptor, biology, Oncogene, business.industry, Liver Neoplasms, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, digestive system diseases, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, biology.protein, Cancer research, Surgery, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Colorectal Neoplasms, business
Abstract: Background: Expression of individual oncogenes may predict outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). We studied the oncogene profile in the tumors of patients with CRC and assessed their value as predictors of liver metastases. Methods: The oncoproteins c-myc, c-erbB-2/neu (c-neu), PCNA and p53, were measured by immunohistochemistry in sections of metastasizing human CRC (n=34) and their liver secondaries as well as in sections of nonmetastasizing CRC (n=25). Results: The metastasizing primary CRC expressed proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), c-neu, and c-myc at significantly higher levels than the nonmetastasizing primary cancer. p53 was also overexpressed in the metastatic group compared with the nonmetastasizing CRC, but this difference was not significant. The frequency of expression of all these markers was similar in the metastasizing primary CRC and the liver secondaries from the same patients. There was no correlation between the expression of the individual markers and histological grade, DNA ploidy, and subsequent local recurrence and lung metastasis and survival. However, when both groups were assessed together, positive expression of c-myc was more likely to occur in poorly differentiated tumors, whereas PCNA expression increased with more advanced Dukes stages. Conclusion: These results suggest that the overexpression of c-myc, c-neu, PCNA, and p53 may occur in CRC that are likely to metastasise to the liver.
Published: 1996
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104. DNA flow-cytometric analysis in colorectal cancer: A comparison of metastasizing and non-metastasizing tumours

Author: John M. Ham, Jia-Lin Yang, Roger Crouch, Philip J. Crowe, Pamela J. Russell, and Kim Ow
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, Rectum, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Metastasis, Flow cytometry, medicine, Humans, Ploidies, Hepatology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cell Cycle, Liver Neoplasms, Gastroenterology, Metastatic liver disease, DNA, Neoplasm, Flow Cytometry, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diverticular disease, medicine.symptom, Colorectal Neoplasms, business, Cytometry
Abstract: The most common cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer is metastatic liver disease. In order to identify patients at a high risk of developing hepatic secondaries from colorectal cancers, DNA content was measured in metastasizing colorectal primaries (Group I, n = 32) as well as in their subsequently resected liver secondaries and in sections of non-metastasizing colorectal cancers (Group II, n = 25). A modified interpretation system involving both a DNA index and percentage of cycling cells (those in S and G2 + M phases) was developed. DNA content was measured in paraffin-embedded sections by flow cytometry using internal controls (human peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and non-malignant tissue controls (19 patients with diverticular disease). In Group I there were significantly more tumours with both abnormal ploidy (aneuploid or abnormal tetraploid peak) and > 15% cycling cells compared with Group II (Chi-squared; P = 0.034). The combination of abnormal ploidy and > 15% cycling cells was superior to Dukes' classification for identifying metastasizing tumours (Logistic Regression; P = 0.047). However, it was not possible to discriminate between the two groups using either DNA ploidy or the percentage of cycling cells alone. The metastasizing colorectal cancers exhibited similar DNA ploidy characteristics and had a similar percentage of cycling cells compared with their liver metastases. These results suggest that tumour DNA ploidy plus the percentage of cycling cells may predict the development of liver metastases and thus survival in patients with colorectal cancer.
Published: 1996
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105. Characterisation of the anti-bladder-cancer monoclonal antibody BLCA-8: identification of its antigen as a neutral glycolipid

Author: E. A. Kingsley, Teresa E. Carter, Kevin D. Barrow, and Pamela J. Russell
Subjects: Cancer Research, Oncology, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Published: 1995
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106. Antiproliferative effects of bacillus Calmette-Gu�rin and interferon ?2b on human bladder cancer cells in vitro

Author: David Golovsky, Ronald Penny, Phillip D. Stricker, Kimberley Pryor, and Pamela J. Russell
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Alpha interferon, Antineoplastic Agents, Cell Count, Interferon alpha-2, complex mixtures, Interferon, Tumor Cells, Cultured, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Interferon alfa, business.industry, Interferon-alpha, Immunotherapy, medicine.disease, Recombinant Proteins, Transitional cell carcinoma, Cytokine, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Oncology, Cancer cell, BCG Vaccine, Cancer research, business, BCG vaccine, Cell Division, medicine.drug
Abstract: Direct inhibitory effects of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and interferon alpha 2b (IFN alpha 2b) on six human bladder carcinoma cell lines, UCRU-BL-13, UCRU-BL-17, UCRU-BL-28, 5637, T24 and J82, were studied using an in vitro proliferation assay. Effects on proliferation following exposure to BCG or IFN alpha 2b were analysed by [3H]thymidine incorporation over 7 days. BCG had an antiproliferative effect on all bladder lines, while sensitivity to IFN alpha 2b varied greatly, being as remarkably low as 1 U/ml for some lines. The antiproliferative effect was greatest when cells were exposed continuously to either agent, but was still evident with a limited exposure. When clinical concentrations were simulated in vitro, BCG+IFN alpha 2b was more effective than BCG alone and as effective as a double BCG concentration. We conclude that, in addition to their immunomodulatory effects, BCG and IFN alpha 2b directly inhibit the proliferation of human bladder cancer cells, and often at extremely low concentrations.
Published: 1995
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107. The prognostic significance of tumor-associated markers p53, HER-2/neu, c-myc, v-H-ras, PCNA and EGFr of local and distant recurrence in localized human prostatic adenocarcinoma

Author: Stephen Andersen, Hedy Mameghan, Pamela J. Russell, Kim Ow, Alistair Lochhead, Richard J. Fisher, Jill Mameghan, and Jia L. Yang
Subjects: biology, business.industry, Urology, Cell, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Prostatic acid phosphatase, Antigen retrieval, chemistry, Antigen, Cytoplasm, biology.protein, Cancer research, Medicine, Immunohistochemistry, Epidermal growth factor receptor, business
Abstract: The intracellular expression of the gene products of tumor-associated markers p53, proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), HER-2/neu, c-myc, H-ras, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) in 86 cases of localized prostatic adenocarcinoma was investigated immunohistochemically in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections after pretreatment with a novel antigen retrieval buffer. A scoring system was devised to assess strength, pattern, and combined strength/pattern of immunostainings in the nucleus and cytoplasm for each immunomarker. The results were evaluated to determine whether overexpression of the gene products in the nucleus and cytoplasm was predictive of local and/or distant tumor recurrence and whether their expression was associated with known clinical prognostic factors. There was no significant relation between p53, PCNA, HER-2/neu, c-myc, and H-ras protein expression with risk of recurrence. EGFr expression showed a trend of increasing risk of tumor recurrence with higher composite score. Analysis of the association with other known prognostic factors in prostatic adenocarcinoma showed that PCNA was significantly correlated with tumor stage while H-ras and HER-2/neu were marginally correlated with prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) pretreatment serum levels, respectively. Together our findings suggest that overexpression of these intracellular oncoproteins in the tumor cells may not play an important role in determining whether prostatic tumors are likely to recur in localized prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Published: 1995
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108. Effects of a Ten-Week Periodized Resistance Training Program on Speed in High School Athletes

Author: Pamela J. Russell and Brooke Pacheco
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Physical therapy, Resistance training, Medicine, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, business, High school athletes
Published: 2016
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109. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15) slows cancer development but increases metastases in TRAMP prostate cancer prone mice

Author: Vicky Wang-Wei Tsai, Pamela J. Russell, David Brown, Ping Shang, Tamara Kuffner, Min Ru Qiu, Xu Wei Luo, Samuel N. Breit, Lele Jiang, Glen P. Lockwood, and Yasmin Husaini
Subjects: Male, Pathology, Mouse, Cancer Treatment, lcsh:Medicine, urologic and male genital diseases, Metastasis, Prostate cancer, Mice, Prostate, Neoplasm Metastasis, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Prostate Cancer, Prostate Diseases, Animal Models, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Cytokines, Medicine, Female, Disease Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention, Tramp, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Growth Differentiation Factor 15, Urology, Immunology, Mice, Transgenic, Breast cancer, Model Organisms, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, Survival rate, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 25, Biology, Cell Proliferation, business.industry, lcsh:R, Cancer, Prostatic Neoplasms, Cancers and Neoplasms, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Genitourinary Tract Tumors, Immune System, Cancer research, lcsh:Q, GDF15, Neoplasm Grading, business
Abstract: Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15), a divergent member of the TGF-β superfamily, is over-expressed by many common cancers including those of the prostate (PCa) and its expression is linked to cancer outcome. We have evaluated the effect of MIC-1/GDF15 overexpression on PCa development and spread in the TRAMP transgenic model of spontaneous prostate cancer. TRAMP mice were crossed with MIC-1/GDF15 overexpressing mice (MIC-1(fms)) to produce syngeneic TRAMP(fmsmic-1) mice. Survival rate, prostate tumor size, histopathological grades and extent of distant organ metastases were compared. Metastasis of TC1-T5, an androgen independent TRAMP cell line that lacks MIC-1/GDF15 expression, was compared by injecting intravenously into MIC-1(fms) and syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Whilst TRAMP(fmsmic-1) survived on average 7.4 weeks longer, had significantly smaller genitourinary (GU) tumors and lower PCa histopathological grades than TRAMP mice, more of these mice developed distant organ metastases. Additionally, a higher number of TC1-T5 lung tumor colonies were observed in MIC-1(fms) mice than syngeneic WT C57BL/6 mice. Our studies strongly suggest that MIC-1/GDF15 has complex actions on tumor behavior: it limits local tumor growth but may with advancing disease, promote metastases. As MIC-1/GDF15 is induced by all cancer treatments and metastasis is the major cause of cancer treatment failure and cancer deaths, these results, if applicable to humans, may have a direct impact on patient care.
Published: 2012

110. Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva

Author: Pamela J. Russell, Wendy A Cooper, and Susan Valmadre
Subjects: medicine.anatomical_structure, Text mining, business.industry, medicine, Cancer research, Basal cell, business, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Vulva
Published: 2002
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111. Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase mediated molecular chemotherapy and conventional chemotherapy: a tangible union against chemoresistant cancer

Author: Preetinder Pal Singh, Pamela J. Russell, Swapna Joshi, Aparajita Khatri, and Sham V. Nair
Subjects: Proteomics, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_treatment, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase, Apoptosis, Docetaxel, Pharmacology, Carboplatin, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Surgical oncology, Transduction, Genetic, Prodrugs, Cancer, Ovarian Neoplasms, 0303 health sciences, Cell Cycle, Drug Synergism, Molecular chemotherapy, Prodrug, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, 3. Good health, Oncology, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), Gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Taxoids, medicine.drug, Research Article, Cell Survival, Genetic Vectors, Antineoplastic Agents, lcsh:RC254-282, Adenoviridae, 03 medical and health sciences, Ovarian cancer, Cell Line, Tumor, Fludarabine Phosphate (Fludara), Genetics, medicine, Humans, Chemotherapy, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, Bystander Effect, Genetic Therapy, medicine.disease, chemistry, Gene Expression Regulation, Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Cancer research, business
Abstract: Background Late stage Ovarian Cancer is essentially incurable primarily due to late diagnosis and its inherent heterogeneity. Single agent treatments are inadequate and generally lead to severe side effects at therapeutic doses. It is crucial to develop clinically relevant novel combination regimens involving synergistic modalities that target a wider repertoire of cells and lead to lowered individual doses. Stemming from this premise, this is the first report of two- and three-way synergies between Adenovirus-mediated Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase based gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy (PNP-GDEPT), docetaxel and/or carboplatin in multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Methods The effects of PNP-GDEPT on different cellular processes were determined using Shotgun Proteomics analyses. The in vitro cell growth inhibition in differentially treated drug resistant human ovarian cancer cell lines was established using a cell-viability assay. The extent of synergy, additivity, or antagonism between treatments was evaluated using CalcuSyn statistical analyses. The involvement of apoptosis and implicated proteins in effects of different treatments was established using flow cytometry based detection of M30 (an early marker of apoptosis), cell cycle analyses and finally western blot based analyses. Results Efficacy of the trimodal treatment was significantly greater than that achieved with bimodal- or individual treatments with potential for 10-50 fold dose reduction compared to that required for individual treatments. Of note was the marked enhancement in apoptosis that specifically accompanied the combinations that included PNP-GDEPT and accordingly correlated with a shift in the expression of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins. PNP-GDEPT mediated enhancement of apoptosis was reinforced by cell cycle analyses. Proteomic analyses of PNP-GDEPT treated cells indicated a dowregulation of proteins involved in oncogenesis or cancer drug resistance in treated cells with accompanying upregulation of apoptotic- and tumour- suppressor proteins. Conclusion Inclusion of PNP-GDEPT in regular chemotherapy regimens can lead to significant enhancement of the cancer cell susceptibility to the combined treatment. Overall, these data will underpin the development of regimens that can benefit patients with late stage ovarian cancer leading to significantly improved efficacy and increased quality of life.
Published: 2011

112. Zoledronic acid preserves bone structure and increases survival but does not limit tumour incidence in a prostate cancer bone metastasis model

Author: Pamela J. Russell, Tzong-Tyng Hung, Jeffrey Chan, and Carl Power
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Osteolysis, medicine.medical_treatment, Urology, Cancer Treatment, lcsh:Medicine, Bone Neoplasms, Zoledronic Acid, Bone and Bones, Metastasis, Mice, Osteoclast, Internal medicine, Basic Cancer Research, Medicine, Animals, Neoplasm Metastasis, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Bone Density Conservation Agents, Diphosphonates, business.industry, Osteoid, Incidence, Prostate Cancer, lcsh:R, Imidazoles, Prostate Diseases, Bone metastasis, Prostatic Neoplasms, Cancers and Neoplasms, Osteoblast, Bisphosphonate, Chemotherapy and Drug Treatment, medicine.disease, Survival Rate, Genitourinary Tract Tumors, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Zoledronic acid, Oncology, lcsh:Q, Oncology Agents, business, medicine.drug, Research Article
Abstract: Background: The bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid (ZOL), can inhibit osteoclasts leading to decreased osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity in bone. Here, we used a mixed osteolytic/osteoblastic murine model of bone-metastatic prostate cancer, RM1(BM), to determine how inhibiting osteolysis with ZOL affects the ability of these cells to establish metastases in bone, the integrity of the tumour-bearing bones and the survival of the tumour-bearing mice. Methods: The model involves intracardiac injection for arterial dissemination of the RM1(BM) cells in C57BL/6 mice. ZOL treatment was given via subcutaneous injections on days 0, 4, 8 and 12, at 20 and 100 μg/kg doses. Bone integrity was assessed by micro-computed tomography and histology with comparison to untreated mice. The osteoclast and osteoblast activity was determined by measuring serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP 5b) and osteocalcin, respectively. Mice were euthanased according to predetermined criteria and survival was assessed using Kaplan Meier plots. Findings: Micro-CT and histological analysis showed that treatment of mice with ZOL from the day of intracardiac injection of RM1(BM) cells inhibited tumour-induced bone lysis, maintained bone volume and reduced the calcification of tumour-induced endochondral osteoid material. ZOL treatment also led to a decreased serum osteocalcin and TRAP 5b levels. Additionally, treated mice showed increased survival compared to vehicle treated controls. However, ZOL treatment did not inhibit the cells ability to metastasise to bone as the number of bone-metastases was similar in both treated and untreated mice. Conclusions: ZOL treatment provided significant benefits for maintaining the integrity of tumour-bearing bones and increased the survival of tumour bearing mice, though it did not prevent establishment of bone-metastases in this model. From the mechanistic view, these observations confirm that tumour-induced bone lysis is not a requirement for establishment of these bone tumours.
Published: 2011

113. Second Primary Tumours of the Head and Neck are not Associated ith Adverse Overall Survival in Oral Sccs

Author: Pamela J. Russell, Kiarash Taghavi, Petr Otahal, Robert Smee, Arash Salardini, and Rostam Dariush Farhadieh
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Second primary cancer, Omics, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Surgery, stomatognathic diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Internal medicine, medicine, Overall survival, Carcinoma, Head and neck, business, Median survival
Abstract: Objective: Second primary tumours (SPT) have been implicated in the dismal overall survival (OS) of head and neck Squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). The incidence of SPT, the SPT diagnostic time-lag and the impact on OS were assessed. Subjects and methods: 363 consecutive patients treated for primary Oral SCCs (1967-2004) were analyzed retrospectively in this study. 95.1% and 90.5% of patients reached a minimum follow-up period of 3 and 5 years respectively. Results: Of 363 patients; 68 (18.7%) were diagnosed with metachronous SPT, 49 (13.5%) developed upper aerodigestive tract (UAD)-SPT, 28 (7.7%) were diagnosed with HNSCC-SPT, and 21 (5.8%) developed lung or esophageal carcinoma. Patients with subsequent HNSCC-SPT had a better median survival during follow-up than those not diagnosed with SPTs (p=0.0018). The rate of mortality in these patients showed a substantial increase compared to patients with no subsequent SPT Diagnosis after 144 months. After 200 months the survival experience was no better than those without SPT. Conclusion: These results suggest a better OS for patients afflicted with HNSCC-SPT. This also reflects that at least some of the noted improved OS of HNSCC-SPT patients is due to temporally cumulated risk associated with developing SPT.
Published: 2011
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114. The Use of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Bladder Cancer

Author: Jane Plomley, Pamela J. Russell, and Derek Raghavan
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Anticorps monoclonal, medicine.drug_class, Urology, medicine.medical_treatment, Monoclonal antibody, Antibody Specificity, Antigens, Neoplasm, Antibodies monoclonal, Radioimmunodetection, medicine, Humans, Urinary bladder, Bladder cancer, business.industry, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Immunotherapy, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Cancer research, Antigens neoplasm, business
Published: 1993
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115. THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS — A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Author: I. Haslock, Anthony Unsworth, and Pamela J. Russell
Subjects: Adult, Male, Ankylosing spondylitis, medicine.medical_specialty, Lumbar Vertebrae, business.industry, Exercise group, Physical exercise, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Exercise Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Lumbar, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Rheumatology, medicine, Physical therapy, Humans, Female, Spondylitis, Ankylosing, Pharmacology (medical), Range of Motion, Articular, business, Aged, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: The Polhemus Navigation Sciences 3Space Isotrak system was used to measure the range of lumbar spinal motion of 57 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Forty-three of these attended voluntary exercise sessions for an average of one and a half hours per week while 14 did not participate in any formal exercise groups. Exercising patients fell into two groups: those attending moderate and those attending vigorous exercise sessions. Results for exercising patients obtained immediately pre- and post- a single exercise session showed a small but significant increase in extension for the vigorous exercise group but no significant changes in any other movement for either of the groups. In a group of 44 patients (33 exercising, 11 non-exercising) who were followed-up over a 2 to 6 month period, slight loss of flexion (5.5 degrees) and lateral bend (3 degrees) was observed but there was no change in range of extension.
Published: 1993
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116. Monoclonal antibodies for intravesical radioimmunotherapy of human bladder cancer

Author: H. O’Grady, J. Plomley, I. Ho Shon, N. Pearce, and Pamela J. Russell
Subjects: Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Biodistribution, Immunoconjugates, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Transplantation, Heterologous, Biophysics, Mice, Nude, urologic and male genital diseases, Monoclonal antibody, Iodine Radioisotopes, Mice, Tumor Cells, Cultured, medicine, Animals, Humans, Rats, Wistar, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Bladder cancer, Urinary bladder, business.industry, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Cancer, Cell Biology, Radioimmunotherapy, medicine.disease, Rats, Radiation therapy, Administration, Intravesical, Transitional cell carcinoma, medicine.anatomical_structure, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Female, business, Neoplasm Transplantation
Abstract: Local administration of radioimmunoconjugates may allow successful tumor therapy. Bladder cancer appears well suited to this approach, because of its superficial and multifocal nature, and because it will allow direct intravesical administration of conjugates. Implantation of human bladder cancer cell lines in the bladder wall of nude rats results in tumor formation, providing an excellent model to test this. We have developed two murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), BLCA-8, IgG3, and BLCA-38, IgG1, both of which react with malignant cells and shed into voided urine of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, but not with normal bladder urothelial cells. Radioimmunoconjugates produced with 131Iodine (131I) or 125I have been used for biodistribution studies following administration directly into the bladder. Radioiodinated intact MAbs or Fabs administered intravesically into nontumor-bearing rats did not leak into the systemic circulation and were stable in urine for up to 100 h. Biodistribution studies carried out following intraperitoneal or intravesical administration of radioimmunoconjugates to tumor-bearing nude rats indicate good tumor uptake of both MAbs. Together with immunoreactivity assays, these studies demonstrate that 131I-labeled MAbs have considerable potential for intravesical radioimmunotherapy of human bladder tumors, and further studies are under way.
Published: 1993
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117. MEASUREMENT OF THE RANGE AND COUPLED MOVEMENTS OBSERVED IN THE LUMBAR SPINE

Author: Mark J. Pearcy, Anthony Unsworth, and Pamela J. Russell
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Younger age, Movement, Axial rotation, Lumbar vertebrae, Age and sex, Sex Factors, Rheumatology, Back pain, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Range of Motion, Articular, Aged, Orthodontics, Strongly coupled, Lumbar Vertebrae, business.industry, Age Factors, Middle Aged, medicine.anatomical_structure, Physical therapy, Female, Lumbar spine, medicine.symptom, Range of motion, business
Abstract: The aim of this study was to set up a data base, using the Polhemus Navigation Sciences 3Space Isotrak system, of the range and coupled movements expected to be seen in the lumbar spine of people not experiencing spinal problems. Measurements were taken from groups of volunteers who had not previously experienced any form of serious back pain and who were not suffering from any pathology known to affect the spine. The 'normal' group was split into sections determined by age an dsex. Age was split into five categories, those aged 20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years and 60-69 years. Range of motion was seen to be affected by both the age and sex of subjects. Lateral bend and axial rotation, flexion and lateral bend and flexion and axial rotation were all strongly coupled. The younger age groups tested exhibited a greater degree of coupled movement than the older groups.
Published: 1993
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118. Engineered silk fibroin protein 3D matrices for in vitro tumor model

Author: Subhas C. Kundu, Carolina Soekmadji, Dietmar W. Hutmacher, Sarmistha Talukdar, Pamela J. Russell, and Mahitosh Mandal
Subjects: Materials science, Silk, Biophysics, Cell Culture Techniques, Fibroin, Bioengineering, Biocompatible Materials, Models, Biological, Biomaterials, Tissue culture, Bombyx mori, Cell Line, Tumor, Neoplasms, Antheraea mylitta, Materials Testing, Cell Adhesion, Tumor Microenvironment, Animals, Humans, Lactic Acid, Cell adhesion, Matrigel, biology, Tissue Engineering, Tissue Scaffolds, fungi, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Drug Combinations, Glucose, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Mechanics of Materials, Cell culture, Cancer cell, 090301 Biomaterials, Ceramics and Composites, Proteoglycans, Collagen, Laminin, Tumour, Fibroins, 3D, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: 3D in vitro model systems that are able to mimic the in vivo microenvironment are now highly sought after in cancer research. Antheraea mylitta silk fibroin protein matrices were investigated as potential biomaterial for in vitro tumor modeling. We compared the characteristics of MDA-MB-231 cells on A. mylitta, Bombyx mori silk matrices, Matrigel, and tissue culture plates. The attachment and morphology of the MDA-MB-231 cell line on A. mylitta silk matrices was found to be better than on B. mori matrices and comparable to Matrigel and tissue culture plates. The cells grown in all 3D cultures showed more MMP-9 activity, indicating a more invasive potential. In comparison to B. mori fibroin, A. mylitta fibroin not only provided better cell adhesion, but also improved cell viability and proliferation. Yield coefficient of glucose consumed to lactate produced by cells on 3D A. mylitta fibroin was found to be similar to that of cancer cells in vivo. LNCaP prostate cancer cells were also cultured on 3D A. mylitta fibroin and they grew as clumps in long term culture. The results indicate that A. mylitta fibroin scaffold can provide an easily manipulated microenvironment system to investigate individual factors such as growth factors and signaling peptides, as well as evaluation of anticancer drugs.
Published: 2010

119. Clinical pharmacology of isoflavones and its relevance for potential prevention of prostate cancer

Author: Paul L, de Souza, Pamela J, Russell, John H, Kearsley, and Laurence G, Howes
Subjects: Male, Cell Cycle, Humans, Prostatic Neoplasms, Antineoplastic Agents, Apoptosis, Chemoprevention, Isoflavones, Cell Division, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Isoflavones are phytoestrogens that have pleiotropic effects in a wide variety of cancer cell lines. Many of these biological effects involve key components of signal transduction pathways within cancer cells, including prostate cancer cells. Epidemiological studies have raised the hypothesis that isoflavones may play an important role in the prevention and modulation of prostate cancer growth. Since randomized phase III trials of isoflavones in prostate cancer prevention are currently lacking, the best evidence for this concept is presently provided by case control studies. However, in vitro data are much more convincing in regard to the activity of a number of isoflavones, and have led to the development of genistein and phenoxodiol in the clinic as potential treatments for cancer. In addition, the potential activity of isoflavones in combination with cytotoxics or radiotherapy warrants further investigation. This review focuses on the clinical pharmacology of isoflavones and its relevance to their development for use in the prevention of prostate cancer, and it evaluates some of the conflicting data in the literature.
Published: 2010

120. ChemInform Abstract: Promising Tumor-Associated Antigens for Future Prostate Cancer Therapy

Author: Yong Li, Paul J. Cozzi, and Pamela J. Russell
Subjects: biology, Chemistry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Metastasis, Prostate cancer, medicine.anatomical_structure, Antigen, Prostate, medicine, Cancer research, biology.protein, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Signal transduction, Stem cell, MUC1
Abstract: Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the most prevalent malignant diseases among men in Western countries. There is currently no cure for metastatic castrate-resistant CaP, and median survival for these patients is about 18 months; the high mortality rate seen is associated with widespread metastases. Progression of CaP from primary to metastatic disease is associated with several molecular and genetic changes that can affect the expression of specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or receptors on the cell surface. Targeting TAAs is emerging as an area of promise for controlling late-stage and recurrent CaP. Several reviews have summarized the progress made in targeting signaling pathways for CaP but will not be discussed here. We describe some important CaP TAAs. These include prostate stem-cell antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, MUC1, epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor and its receptor, urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor, and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer. We summarize recent advancements in our understanding of their role in CaP metastasis, as well as potential therapeutic options for targeting CaP TAAs. We also discuss the origin, identification, and characterization of prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the potential benefits of targeting prostate CSCs to overcome chemoresistance and CaP recurrence.
Published: 2010
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121. An inverse relationship between KAI1 expression, invasive ability, and MMP-2 expression and activity in bladder cancer cell lines

Author: Michele C. Madigan, Paul Jackson, Jingjing You, Pamela J. Russell, Mila Sajinovic, and Alexandra Rowe
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Urology, Blotting, Western, Kangai-1 Protein, In vivo, Cell Movement, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Gelatinase, Humans, Secretion, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Messenger RNA, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2, Bladder cancer, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1, business.industry, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, In vitro, Blot, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Oncology, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Cell culture, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2, business
Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of the cancer metastasis suppressor gene KAI1 and MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human bladder cancer cell lines that express variable levels of KAI1. Materials and methods Five bladder cancer cell lines (BL-28/0, BL-13/0, BL-17/0/×1, B10, and D2) were grown in standard culture conditions. Gelatinase activities in serum-free conditioned medium were assessed using gelatin zymography. Whole cell lysates were prepared and Western blotting used to detect the protein expression of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and KAI1. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was performed to analyze the mRNA expression level of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and KAI1. Results Western blotting analysis confirmed that KAI1 was expressed in BL-28/0 and Bl-13/0 but not in D2, B10 and BL-17/0/×1 cell lines. This was consistent with in vitro invasion assays reported previously which showed that cell lines lacking KAI1 expression were 2× to 10× more invasive than cell lines that expressed KAI1. MMP-2 protein was detected in BL-28/0, BL-13/0. and BL-17/0/×1 only. Very low levels of MMP-9 were present in BL-28/0, BL-13/0, B10, and BL-17/0/×1 but not D2, whilst very low levels of TIMP-1 were present in all cell lines. No TIMP-2 was detected. Gelatin zymography showed detectable MMP-2 expression in conditioned medium from BL-28/0 and BL-13/0. Very weak MMP-9 was detected in BL-28/0 conditioned medium only. mRNA expression of MMP-2 was only detectable in BL-28/0 and BL-13/0 cell lines. MMP-9 mRNA levels were extremely low in all lines and not detectable in D2 cells. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA were detected in all lines. Conclusion We found that KAI1 expression in bladder cancer cell lines is related to a poor invasive potential and expression of latent MMP-2 but not MMP-9. These results are unexpected given other studies showing high levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression in patients with invasive bladder cancer. This may reflect differences in the regulation and secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in vitro compared with the in vivo situation, where tumor cells interact with the surrounding environment.
Published: 2010

122. Post-translation modification of proteins in tears

Author: Jingjing You, Anna Fitzgerald, Paul J. Cozzi, Zhenjun Zhao, Peter Graham, Pamela J. Russell, Bradley J. Walsh, Mark Willcox, Ling Zhong, Valerie Wasinger, and Yong Li
Subjects: Aged, 80 and over, Male, Clinical Biochemistry, 060109 Proteomics and Intermolecular Interactions (excl. Medical Proteomics), Reproducibility of Results, Middle Aged, 070700 VETERINARY SCIENCES, 060199 Biochemistry and Cell Biology not elsewhere classified, 2-DE, Dermcidin, Glycosylation, Phosphorylation, Tears, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Tears, 030100 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, Humans, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Phosphorylation, Eye Proteins, Peptides, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Aged, Glycoproteins, 111202 Cancer Diagnosis
Abstract: This is the first 2-DE study using sequential dyes to analyse phospho-, glyco- and total tear protein profiles (Pro-Q Diamond for phosphoprotein, Pro-Q Emerald for glycoprotein and Sypro Ruby for total protein). This method minimised the gel-gel variations, allowing better comparisons among the three profiles and generated a whole map of PTM profiles of tear protein. A novel tear protein, dermcidin, was identified for the first time in this study. The identification of this antimicrobial protein suggests a new model of defence in tears. In addition, we are able to present the first experimental evidence of the presence of glycosylated lipocalin 1 and cystatin S. Nucleobindin 2 was only detected using phospho staining, suggesting it is only phosphorylated in tears. This study provides the groundwork for understanding the PTM of tear proteins and consequently these methods could be useful in the search for biomarkers in tears.
Published: 2010

123. Emerging roles for phospholipase A2 enzymes in cancer

Author: Pamela J. Russell, Juliane Hein, Mila Sajinovic, Kieran F. Scott, Sheri Nixdorf, Winston Liauw, Peter Galettis, Garry G. Graham, Qihan Dong, and Paul de Souza
Subjects: Biology, Biochemistry, Metastasis, Paracrine signalling, Mice, Neoplasms, medicine, Animals, Humans, Autocrine signalling, Cell Proliferation, 111201 Cancer Cell Biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Inflammation, Eicosanoid, Cancer, Prostate, Prostaglandins, Neoplasm, Tumor, Arachidonic acid, Phospholipase A2, Cell growth, Cancer, General Medicine, Lipid signaling, medicine.disease, Cell biology, Phospholipases A2, Enzyme, chemistry, Cancer cell, 060107 Enzymes, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), 111299 Oncology and Carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified
Abstract: Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) enzymes (EC3.1.4.4) regulate the release of biologically active fatty acids and lysophospholipids from membrane phospholipid pools. These lipids are also substrates for intracellular biochemical pathways that generate potent autocrine and paracrine lipid mediators such as the eicosanoids and platelet activating factor. These factors, in turn, regulate cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, motility, tissue vascularisation, and immune surveillance in virtually all tissues, functions that are subverted by cancer cells for tumour growth and metastasis. Thus the relevance of PLA(2)-dependent pathways to the genesis and progression of cancer has been of interest since their discovery and with recent technological advances, their role in tumourigenesis has become more tractable experimentally. Limited human genetic studies have not yet identified PLA(2) enzymes as classical mutated oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes. However, there is strong evidence that of the 22 identified human PLA(2) enzymes, ten of which have been studied in cancer to date, most are aberrantly expressed in a proportion of tumours derived from diverse organs. Correlative and functional studies implicate the expression of some secreted enzymes (sPLA(2)s), particularly the best studied enzyme Group IIA sPLA(2) in either tumour promotion or inhibition, depending on the organ involved and the biochemical microenvironment of tumours. As in immune-mediated inflammatory pathologies, genetic deletion studies in mice, supported by limited studies with human cells and tissues, have identified an important role for Group IVA PLA(2) in regulating certain cancers. Pharmacological intervention studies in prostate cancer suggest that hGIIA-dependent tumour growth is dependent on indirect regulation of Group IVA PLA(2). Group VI calcium-independent PLA(2) enzymes have also been recently implicated in tumourigenesis with in vitro studies suggesting multiple possible roles for these enzymes. Though apparently complex, further characterization of the regulatory relationships amongst PLA(2) enzymes, lipid mediator biosynthetic enzymes and the lipid mediators they produce during tumour progression is required to define the biochemical context in which the enzymes modulate cancer growth and development.
Published: 2010

124. Detection of a rare point mutation in Ki-ras of a human bladder cancer xenograft by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing

Author: Pamela J. Russell, Sean M. Grimmond, and Derek Raghavan
Subjects: Urology, DNA Mutational Analysis, Immunoblotting, Molecular Sequence Data, Transplantation, Heterologous, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Mice, medicine, Animals, Humans, Coding region, Codon, Gene, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mutation, Bladder cancer, Base Sequence, Point mutation, Mutagenesis, Cancer, Blotting, Northern, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Genes, ras, Transitional cell carcinoma, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Abstract: This paper represents the first report of a codon 59 mutation in Ki-ras from a spontaneous human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Point mutations have the potential to activate the ras genes if they occur in critical coding regions. These include the sequences of codons 12, 13, 59, 61 and 63. Mutations in codons 12, 13 and 61 have been reported in a wide variety of human cancers, including transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. However mutations in codon 59 have been reported only in retroviral Ki-ras and as a result of in vitro mutagenesis experiments. We have used the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing to detect mutations of Ki-ras, and allele-specific restriction analysis to detect mutations of N-ras in xenografts and continuous cell lines established from bladder cancer biopsies of ten different patients as well as in direct biopsy specimens from five human bladder tumours. For studies of Ki-ras, a 139 bp fragment which spanned the critical codons 12 and 13 and a 128 bp fragment that spanned the sequences of codon 59, 61 and 63 were enzymatically amplified and then sequenced. No N-ras mutations were detected. A heterozygous mutation of Ki-ras at codon 59 GCA----G/ACA was detected in one line. This mutation is being expressed and appears stable as it was detected over several xenograft passages and was present in paraffin-embedded tissue from the primary tumour of the patient. The biological significance of the mutation in bladder cancer is currently under study.
Published: 1992
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125. First LIGO search for gravitational wave bursts from cosmic (super)strings

Author: I. Leonor, John K. Cannizzo, D. Hoak, Michael L. Gorodetsky, T. Morioka, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, Soumya D. Mohanty, N. Zotov, K. Mason, I. Duke, A. L. Stuver, E. J. Daw, M. V. Plissi, Hartmut Grote, S. Penn, A. M. Cruise, K. D. Giardina, Pamela J. Russell, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Neil J. Cornish, P. E. Lindquist, Shantanu Desai, Kip S. Thorne, T. Chalermsongsak, R. M. Martin, Stefan Hild, Peter Aufmuth, Vuk Mandic, T. Reed, J. N. Marx, Yoichi Aso, A. Stochino, V. P. Mitrofanov, Yasushi Mino, J. H. Clayton, C. M. Reed, M. Scanlan, Yi Chen, M. S. Meyer, J. A. Giaime, Boris Hage, Peter Fritschel, D. Muhammad, L. Wallace, R. Frey, Rainer Weiss, R. W. P. Drever, P. J. King, D. F. Menéndez, F. Robinet, S. Márka, A. Stroeer, Kenneth A. Strain, B. O'Reilly, Yi Pan, C. T. Y. Chung, W. W. Johnson, A. G. Wiseman, Alexander Khalaidovski, D. S. Rabeling, John D. Scott, A. C. Searle, Michael E Zucker, J. Dueck, C. Aulbert, R. L. Ward, P. J. Sutton, David Blair, D. C. Coyne, R. A. Mercer, H. J. Pletsch, G. Traylor, Thomas Corbitt, Benno Willke, D. B. Kozak, C. Vorvick, B. Bland, G. Brunet, Matthew P. Edgar, J. Betzwieser, R. M. Culter, Jesper Munch, Malcolm B. Gray, Rana X. Adhikari, P. Raffai, Gareth Jones, N. A. Robertson, B. Machenschalk, G. Mendell, J. H. Romie, L. Cunningham, F. J. Raab, S. Saraf, Laura Cadonati, F. Donovan, Z. Frei, Antonio Lucianetti, J. Ulmen, Alessandra Buonanno, D. Ugolini, Z. Raics, H. Lin, Kipp Cannon, Karel E. Urbanek, D. O. Bridges, S. Kandhasamy, H. Fehrmann, L. Tang, Maik Frede, A. Weidner, P. Schwinberg, G. P. Newton, M. Fyffe, Walter Winkler, C. Messenger, Gabriela Gonzalez, J. M. Hallam, B. Shapiro, N. Fotopoulos, C. Veltkamp, A. S. Markosyan, Harald Lück, H. Mukhopadhyay, D. Hammer, F. Seifert, Kevin M. Ryan, Susan M. Scott, Teviet Creighton, Keisuke Goda, M. Lormand, K. Flasch, S. R. P. Mohapatra, Peter Kalmus, S. H. Huttner, H. Overmier, Kirk McKenzie, Stephen Fairhurst, R. S. Ottens, Chad Hanna, X. Siemens, C. Wilkinson, A. Ivanov, C. Robinson, Benjamin William Allen, Karsten Danzmann, Slawomir Gras, Ping Koy Lam, D. Sellers, H. Radkins, R. Gustafson, A. Bullington, Rahul Biswas, L. Bogue, S. P. Vyachanin, M. Brinkmann, Marco Aurelio Diaz, Simon Chelkowski, M. Guenther, S. C. McGuire, D. J. A. McKechan, S. Sakata, S. Giampanis, Ilya Mandel, Rubab Khan, Miquel Trias, D. Barker, David Coward, Erik Katsavounidis, Andrew Melatos, B. Schulz, H. Zur Mühlen, W. G. Anderson, M. J. Lubinski, E. Chalkley, P. Shawhan, Alberto Vecchio, A. Mullavey, L. Prokhorov, G. S. Allen, S. E. Strigin, Nick Leindecker, John G. Dwyer, Christian Röver, Jordan Camp, T. Etzel, J. Slutsky, Imre Bartos, A. Dietz, B. Hughey, P. Charlton, A. Franzen, B. Sorazu, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, P. Patel, Malik Rakhmanov, I. A. Bilenko, J. Worden, L. Williams, A. Rüdiger, S. Roddy, M. Bastarrika, B. P. Abbott, E. K. Gustafson, D. E. Clark, V. Quetschke, M. A. Barton, V. Dergachev, C. Echols, H. Rehbein, J. Zweizig, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, E. Black, J. R. Smith, R. Bork, Patrick Brady, Rajesh Kumar, Vladimir B. Braginsky, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, A. Thüring, C. I. Torrie, David J. Ottaway, K. Mailand, E. Espinoza, A. C. Melissinos, M. Weinert, Maurizio Longo, Jonah Kanner, R. Riesen, S. Vass, Jian Zhang, W. Kells, T. Nash, Lucía Santamaría, S. B. Anderson, J. C. Dumas, Chad Forrest, Roland Schilling, D.B. DeBra, Richard A. Matzner, Ruslan Vaulin, David B. Tanner, G. H. Ogin, J. R. Taylor, A. M. Sintes, B. Moe, Fumiko Kawazoe, D. R. Ingram, Phil Willems, A. Brummit, R. Mittleman, T. Z. Summerscales, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Albert Lazzarini, K. Mors, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, Gavin Davies, Nelson Christensen, Tom Fricke, Matthew Evans, L. Cardenas, J. Thacker, Lee Samuel Finn, R. Taylor, Y. Faltas, Soma Mukherjee, Drew Keppel, Zewu Yan, M. Sung, C. Barker, Roman Schnabel, S. Caride, Lindy Blackburn, M. Ito, K. Holt, V. Sandberg, A. F. Brooks, S. Klimenko, Tyson Littenberg, B. Sears, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, J. E. Brau, V. V. Frolov, A. A. van Veggel, Efim A. Khazanov, Moritz Mehmet, B. Behnke, M. Pedraza, Samuel J. Waldman, Vicky Kalogera, K. Kokeyama, A. E. Villar, Fabio Postiglione, T. P. Bodiya, Maria Alessandra Papa, M. R. Smith, Badri Krishnan, V. Parameshwaraiah, Sarah Caudill, Lisa M. Goggin, P. Kwee, A. S. Sengupta, Pankaj Sarin, A. Perreca, K. A. Thorne, H. R. Williams, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Supriyo Sinha, G. P. Szokoly, I. Yakushin, Stanislav Babak, Robert Stone, R. Gouaty, B. Daudert, S. E. Whitcomb, Roberto Conte, Scott Koranda, P. Baker, D. J. Hosken, Duncan A. Brown, K. A. Hodge, C. M. Mow-Lowry, F. Matichard, Nergis Mavalvala, M. C. Araya, P. Ehrens, L. Matone, A. M. Sergeev, Hansheng Lei, Giuseppe Castaldi, S. Grunewald, Helena Armandula, J. G. Rollins, P. J. Veitch, Mark A. Satterthwaite, Yaohui Fan, A. Sibley, Jerome Degallaix, David Jones, Evan Ochsner, A. J. Weinstein, J. O'Dell, Ke-Xun Sun, N. Rainer, Leo C. Stein, I. Gholami, W. Wu, P. T. Beyersdorf, M. V. van der Sluys, Cheng Li, Marco Cavaglia, Martin P McHugh, B. J. J. Slagmolen, M. Landry, J. Heefner, R. Grosso, R. L. Savage, P. Armor, K. Haughian, T. Isogai, B. F. Whiting, John A. Clark, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Riccardo Bassiri, A. Grant, F. Grimaldi, Carlos Cepeda, Robert J. McCarthy, A. W. Heptonstall, Peter R. Saulson, L. Zhang, C. Torres, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, Seiji Kawamura, Kazuhiro Hayama, F. Y. Khalili, E. Maros, Thomas Cokelaer, D. Talukder, G. McIntyre, Reinhard Prix, A. Effler, Elizabeth Harstad, Linqing Wen, C. Pankow, I. W. Harry, Shuichi Sato, R. Abbott, H. Yamamoto, D. Lodhia, Osamu Miyakawa, S. Wen, C. N. Colacino, N. D. Smith, C. Van Den Broeck, K. Wette, Timothy Evans, V. Boschi, Joseph D. Romano, Jared Markowitz, David H. Reitze, S. Foley, Kasem Mossavi, Chunnong Zhao, Michele Vallisneri, J. Myers, Ik Siong Heng, David H. Shoemaker, S. Steplewski, Shourov Chatterji, D. Fazi, Suvadeep Bose, Emma L. Robinson, P. Lu, O. Burmeister, Z. Márka, S. P. Tarabrin, John Nelson, S. Goßler, D. Sigg, M. A. Arain, B. Johnson, D. Kasprzyk, Gregory M. Harry, V. Kondrashov, M. Lei, V. Raymond, R. DeSalvo, N. A. Lockerbie, C. Gray, S. W. Ballmer, E. E. Doomes, E. Myers, Kentaro Somiya, Kenji Numata, L. Sancho De La Jordana, D. Hoyland, G. Moreno, P. Savov, James Whelan, P. Ajith, I. W. Martin, P. G. Murray, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, J. H. Hough, Douglas R. Cook, Michele Zanolin, G. D. Hammond, Andreas Freise, Vincenzo Pierro, Matthew Pitkin, R. Wooley, O. Punken, M. Frei, Lutz Winkelmann, John Veitch, M. MacInnis, R. S. Amin, I. Wilmut, J. S. Kissel, Roger Jones, K. Kawabe, S. M. Aston, B. Rivera, Pablo Barriga, M. Mageswaran, J. Garofoli, Jan Harms, Evan Goetz, Paul Roberts, S. Meshkov, Vincenzo Galdi, S. L. Danilishin, K. L. Dooley, Lisa Barsotti, A. Cumming, J. Minelli, A. M. Gretarsson, J. K. Blackburn, Sheila Rowan, Sanichiro Yoshida, Graham Woan, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, Bernard F. Schutz, Li Ju, J. Hanson, Guido Mueller, A. J. Stein, B. Lantz, R. M. S. Schofield, Matthew Benacquista, Benjamin J. Owen, Christopher Wipf, K. V. Tokmakov, Martin Hewitson, Junwei Cao, E. Hirose, H. Müller-Ebhardt, Jon M. Miller, G. Billingsley, LSC Collaboration, The, Castaldi, G., Galdi, V., Pierro, V., Pinto, I. M., Principe, M., The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Gravitational-wave observatory, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, String (physics), [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Gravitation, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, QC, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, QB, Physics, COSMIC cancer database, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Superstring theory, LIGO, Cosmic string, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report on a matched-filter search for gravitational wave bursts from cosmic string cusps using LIGO data from the fourth science run (S4) which took place in February and March 2005. No gravitational waves were detected in 14.9 days of data from times when all three LIGO detectors were operating. We interpret the result in terms of a frequentist upper limit on the rate of gravitational wave bursts and use the limits on the rate to constrain the parameter space (string tension, reconnection probability, and loop sizes) of cosmic string models., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures. Replaced with version submitted to PRD
Published: 2009
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126. Search for gravitational waves from low mass compact binary coalescence in 186 days of LIGO's fifth science run

Author: K. Mailand, Maurizio Longo, R. Mittleman, Nelson Christensen, Hansheng Lei, Alberto Vecchio, L. Prokhorov, P. Ehrens, N. D. Smith, K. Wette, Timothy Evans, Sanichiro Yoshida, Graham Woan, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, H. Yamamoto, V. Raymond, R. L. Ward, P. J. Sutton, J. H. Romie, L. Cunningham, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, G. Moreno, B. Hughey, F. J. Raab, S. Saraf, C. Messenger, N. A. Lockerbie, Ping Koy Lam, R. Gustafson, Roman Schnabel, J. E. Brau, A. A. van Veggel, Efim A. Khazanov, Moritz Mehmet, Carlos Cepeda, Robert J. McCarthy, Linqing Wen, Ke Sun, Bernard F. Schutz, Li Ju, D. Hoyland, C. I. Torrie, G. McIntyre, Shuichi Sato, S. H. Huttner, H. R. Williams, J. Hanson, P. Savov, S. E. Strigin, M. A. Arain, Gregory M. Harry, James Whelan, S. Penn, M. Lei, I. W. Martin, D. R. Ingram, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, Andrew Melatos, B. Schulz, D. Lodhia, A. Dietz, I. Leonor, John K. Cannizzo, Pamela J. Russell, Nick Leindecker, J. Zweizig, M. Bastarrika, Phil Willems, A. Brummit, Guido Mueller, P. Ajith, I. Duke, C. Barker, A. L. Stuver, V. Boschi, Joseph D. Romano, Jared Markowitz, E. J. Daw, Vincenzo Galdi, C. D. Capano, Stefan Hild, A. J. Stein, J. R. Taylor, K. D. Giardina, M. Ito, Kasem Mossavi, B. Behnke, Yasushi Mino, C. Gray, Mark A. Satterthwaite, V. V. Frolov, E. Myers, Soumya D. Mohanty, V. Parameshwaraiah, Benno Willke, N. A. Robertson, D. Hammer, Robert Stone, Kentaro Somiya, F. Seifert, Kenji Numata, Sarah Caudill, N. Zotov, Supriyo Sinha, Stanislav Babak, Alessandra Buonanno, Malcolm B. Gray, P. Raffai, Duncan A. Brown, P. Sarin, Lisa M. Goggin, K. Mason, S. R. P. Mohapatra, Martin P McHugh, Peter Kalmus, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, B. J. J. Slagmolen, R. Gouaty, B. Daudert, S. L. Danilishin, K. Flasch, R. M. Martin, Riccardo Bassiri, David Jones, G. S. Allen, K. L. Dooley, Marco Cavaglia, M. Scanlan, Xavier Siemens, E. Maros, A. E. Villar, Lisa Barsotti, Fumiko Kawazoe, A. Ivanov, A. W. Heptonstall, H. Radkins, Peter R. Saulson, Yi Chen, S. P. Vyachanin, A. Cumming, J. Thacker, R. Abbott, M. Brinkmann, Soma Mukherjee, Drew Keppel, Nergis Mavalvala, Zewu Yan, Jerome Degallaix, David Coward, B. Lantz, Evan Ochsner, Christian Röver, G. Mendell, A. J. Weinstein, I. Gholami, W. Wu, P. T. Beyersdorf, M. V. van der Sluys, J. Minelli, M. Landry, H. Rehbein, S. B. Anderson, Karel E. Urbanek, Antonio Lucianetti, A. M. Gretarsson, D. O. Bridges, A. Grant, L. Zhang, Ruslan Vaulin, David B. Tanner, J. Ulmen, Giuseppe Castaldi, R. M. S. Schofield, Tyson Littenberg, Keisuke Goda, M. Sung, G. P. Newton, M. Fyffe, D. S. Rabeling, Erik Katsavounidis, Matthew Benacquista, M. J. Lubinski, Badri Krishnan, Gabriela Gonzalez, J. M. Hallam, M. Pedraza, John G. Dwyer, Rajesh Kumar, Vladimir B. Braginsky, Maria Alessandra Papa, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, Benjamin J. Owen, K. Haughian, E. Espinoza, M. Weinert, C. M. Mow-Lowry, K. Mors, J. K. Blackburn, Christopher Wipf, Kirk McKenzie, John D. Scott, K. V. Tokmakov, Kazuhiro Hayama, N. Fotopoulos, R. A. Mercer, T. Etzel, B. F. Whiting, D. Talukder, C. Pankow, C. Veltkamp, Sheila Rowan, C. Van Den Broeck, K. A. Hodge, I. W. Harry, Martin Hewitson, S. Wen, C. T. Y. Chung, Michael E Zucker, Junwei Cao, Cheng Li, Kipp Cannon, R. S. Ottens, Chunnong Zhao, David H. Shoemaker, P. Lu, O. Burmeister, J. Slutsky, Imre Bartos, S. Goßler, B. Sorazu, H. Lin, Matthew P. Edgar, Marco Aurelio Diaz, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, B. Johnson, D. Kasprzyk, Walter Winkler, A. S. Markosyan, E. Chalkley, A. Thüring, E. Black, J. R. Smith, R. Bork, Peter Fritschel, Harald Lück, R. M. Culter, H. Mukhopadhyay, T. Nash, S. C. McGuire, D. J. A. McKechan, Jesper Munch, A. C. Melissinos, G. H. Ogin, S. Giampanis, Ilya Mandel, T. Morioka, D. Muhammad, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, P. Shawhan, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, T. Z. Summerscales, J. Heefner, R. Grosso, John A. Clark, P. Charlton, Gavin Davies, A. M. Cruise, Richard A. Matzner, S. Foley, B. Sears, Vicky Kalogera, A. C. Searle, I. A. Bilenko, V. Dergachev, David J. Ottaway, Vuk Mandic, Yaohui Fan, D. Hoak, Michele Vallisneri, H. J. Pletsch, C. Echols, Michael L. Gorodetsky, G. Traylor, J. A. Giaime, Ik Siong Heng, S. Steplewski, Thomas Corbitt, Emma L. Robinson, D. F. Menéndez, Jonah Kanner, Andreas Freise, Vincenzo Pierro, S. P. Tarabrin, Gregory Ely, John Nelson, J. C. Dumas, Albert Lazzarini, Matthew Pitkin, R. Taylor, Laura Cadonati, Tom Fricke, M. V. Plissi, R. Wooley, T. P. Bodiya, V. Kondrashov, K. Kokeyama, R. DeSalvo, E. Hirose, O. Punken, M. Frei, P. Baker, D. J. Hosken, J. G. Rollins, E. E. Doomes, H. Müller-Ebhardt, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Leo C. Stein, J. Garofoli, Susan M. Scott, Jon M. Miller, L. Sancho De La Jordana, G. Billingsley, Teviet Creighton, S. Caride, Lindy Blackburn, Jan Harms, Chad Hanna, S. J. Waldman, C. Wilkinson, K. Holt, Helena Armandula, V. Sandberg, Hartmut Grote, Evan Goetz, J. O'Dell, N. Rainer, Paul Roberts, S. Meshkov, Kevin M. Ryan, Neil J. Cornish, J. Myers, Shourov Chatterji, P. E. Lindquist, D. Fazi, Suvadeep Bose, Lutz Winkelmann, A. Franzen, Z. Márka, John Veitch, B. Moe, M. MacInnis, R. S. Amin, I. Wilmut, J. S. Kissel, Roger Jones, A. Lundgren, K. Kawabe, S. M. Aston, B. Rivera, Pablo Barriga, M. Mageswaran, M. C. Araya, P. G. Murray, J. H. Hough, Shantanu Desai, Kip S. Thorne, T. Chalermsongsak, Rana X. Adhikari, Gareth Jones, B. Machenschalk, Douglas R. Cook, S. Márka, A. Stroeer, Michele Zanolin, F. Donovan, T. Reed, Kenneth A. Strain, A. Perraca, A. Stochino, B. O'Reilly, G. D. Hammond, V. P. Mitrofanov, M. R. Smith, A. S. Sengupta, Yi Pan, Peter Aufmuth, Boris Hage, J. N. Marx, J. H. Clayton, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, H. Fehrmann, L. Tang, Alexander Khalaidovski, C. Robinson, Benjamin William Allen, Karsten Danzmann, Slawomir Gras, B. Bland, G. Brunet, Z. Raics, C. M. Reed, Stephen Fairhurst, J. Dueck, C. Aulbert, M. S. Meyer, D. B. Kozak, C. Vorvick, Z. Frei, Rainer Weiss, Seiji Kawamura, Maik Frede, R. W. P. Drever, Yoichi Aso, Reinhard Prix, A. Effler, Elizabeth Harstad, A. Weidner, P. Schwinberg, L. Wallace, R. Frey, Osamu Miyakawa, David H. Reitze, W. W. Johnson, H. Zur Mühlen, W. G. Anderson, P. J. King, B. Shapiro, J. Betzwieser, B. P. Abbott, E. K. Gustafson, H. Overmier, D. E. Clark, D. Sellers, A. G. Wiseman, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, Simon Chelkowski, S. Vass, M. Guenther, Jian Zhang, D. C. Coyne, Patrick Brady, David Blair, W. Kells, Lucía Santamaría, S. Kandhasamy, M. A. Barton, Roberto Conte, D. Barker, Scott Koranda, L. Matone, S. Roddy, D.B. DeBra, Chad Forrest, A. M. Sintes, Lee Samuel Finn, G. P. Szokoly, A. Sibley, Guenakh Mitselmakher, A. M. Sergeev, S. Grunewald, Innocenzo M. Pinto, F. Grimaldi, Thomas Cokelaer, Fabio Postiglione, P. Kwee, K. A. Thorne, F. Matichard, R. L. Savage, P. Armor, P. J. Veitch, T. Isogai, C. Torres, F. Y. Khalili, A. F. Brooks, C. N. Colacino, I. Yakushin, S. E. Whitcomb, S. Sakata, Rubab Khan, Miquel Trias, A. Mullavey, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, P. Patel, Malik Rakhmanov, J. Worden, L. Williams, A. Rüdiger, R. Riesen, Roland Schilling, Y. Faltas, D. Ugolini, M. Lormand, A. Bullington, Rahul Biswas, L. Bogue, Jordan Camp, Matthew Evans, L. Cardenas, S. Klimenko, and The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
Subjects: Coalescence (physics), Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray binary, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics, FORMS, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, LIGO, SYNTHESIS MODELS, Neutron star, Binary black hole, Binary star, CONSTRAINING POPULATION, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Low Mass, QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB
Abstract: We report on a search for gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries, of total mass between 2 and 35M(circle dot), using LIGO observations between November 14, 2006 and May 18, 2007. No gravitational-wave signals were detected. We report upper limits on the rate of compact binary coalescence as a function of total mass. The LIGO cumulative 90%-confidence rate upper limits of the binary coalescence of neutron stars, black holes and black hole-neutron star systems are 1.4x10(-2), 7.3x10(-4) and 3.6x10(-3) yr(-1) L-10(-1), respectively, where L-10 is 10(10) times the blue solar luminosity.
Published: 2009

127. Einstein@Home search for periodic gravitational waves in early S5 LIGO data

Author: C. T. Y. Chung, Walter Winkler, Michael E Zucker, J. Dueck, H. Lin, Laura Cadonati, A. S. Markosyan, Harald Lück, H. Mukhopadhyay, C. Aulbert, Kipp Cannon, R. S. Ottens, S. C. McGuire, D. J. A. McKechan, S. Giampanis, Susan M. Scott, E. Chalkley, S. Kandhasamy, Teviet Creighton, P. Ehrens, Z. Frei, D. S. Rabeling, Ilya Mandel, Rana X. Adhikari, M. R. Smith, Vincenzo Galdi, Marco Aurelio Diaz, Chad Hanna, C. Wilkinson, R. L. Ward, A. S. Sengupta, V. Kondrashov, C. Echols, S. H. Huttner, Chunnong Zhao, K. Wette, Timothy Evans, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, G. Moreno, Antonio Lucianetti, J. Ulmen, Kirk McKenzie, David H. Shoemaker, Sanichiro Yoshida, R. DeSalvo, Andrew Melatos, G. McIntyre, Richard A. Matzner, P. J. Sutton, J. H. Romie, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, Gareth Jones, B. Machenschalk, F. Donovan, P. Lu, O. Burmeister, Shantanu Desai, D. Barker, Kip S. Thorne, P. Shawhan, P. Charlton, B. Sorazu, A. Thüring, A. C. Melissinos, T. Z. Summerscales, Graham Woan, B. Schulz, S. Goßler, T. Chalermsongsak, A. Dietz, R. Taylor, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, E. E. Doomes, Gavin Davies, Benno Willke, S. Roddy, L. Cunningham, John D. Scott, Bruce Allen, T. P. Bodiya, T. Reed, F. J. Raab, Tyson Littenberg, Badri Krishnan, B. Johnson, D. Kasprzyk, Alessandra Buonanno, B. Sears, Bernard F. Schutz, R. A. Mercer, Li Ju, Chad Forrest, M. A. Barton, Roman Schnabel, A. M. Sintes, C. M. Mow-Lowry, B. F. Whiting, V. V. Frolov, V. Parameshwaraiah, Helena Armandula, J. O'Dell, Ke-Xun Sun, N. Rainer, A. F. Brooks, J. Hanson, L. Sancho De La Jordana, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, Peter Fritschel, K. A. Hodge, I. Wilmut, Dustin Anderson, J. S. Kissel, I. A. Bilenko, V. Dergachev, David J. Ottaway, M. A. Arain, Gregory M. Harry, A. Stochino, S. L. Danilishin, K. L. Dooley, J. E. Brau, Guido Mueller, N. D. Smith, C. Van Den Broeck, A. A. van Veggel, D.B. DeBra, Lee Samuel Finn, Giuseppe Castaldi, V. P. Mitrofanov, Boris Hage, S. Saraf, R. Gustafson, Cheng Li, Vicky Kalogera, S. J. Waldman, D. Muhammad, Roger Jones, M. Bastarrika, Efim A. Khazanov, Moritz Mehmet, Lisa Barsotti, Supriyo Sinha, Stanislav Babak, A. J. Stein, M. Lei, Fabio Postiglione, P. Kwee, K. A. Thorne, F. Matichard, I. Yakushin, S. E. Whitcomb, M. Ito, Kevin M. Ryan, Duncan A. Brown, A. Cumming, Matthew P. Edgar, Yoichi Aso, L. Wallace, R. Frey, K. Haughian, P. J. Veitch, S. Penn, Pamela J. Russell, K. Kawabe, G. Allen, A. C. Searle, R. M. Culter, E. Hirose, Jesper Munch, S. E. Strigin, N. Fotopoulos, C. Barker, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, P. J. King, S. M. Aston, B. Rivera, Pablo Barriga, M. Mageswaran, B. Moe, J. Myers, Nick Leindecker, C. Veltkamp, B. Behnke, J. Zweizig, Kazuhiro Hayama, A. G. Wiseman, D. Talukder, C. Pankow, Stefan Hild, Andreas Freise, Vincenzo Pierro, H. R. Williams, A. Franzen, Matthew Pitkin, Shourov Chatterji, Pankaj Sarin, D. Fazi, Suvadeep Bose, Yaohui Fan, H. Müller-Ebhardt, H. J. Pletsch, T. Etzel, G. Traylor, J. Minelli, Thomas Corbitt, I. W. Harry, D. C. Coyne, Yasushi Mino, A. M. Gretarsson, I. W. Martin, R. Wooley, O. Punken, M. Frei, Z. Márka, Robert Stone, Roberto Conte, David Jones, S. Sakata, J. R. Taylor, M. C. Araya, Scott Koranda, S. Wen, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, Alberto Vecchio, H. Fehrmann, K. Flasch, L. Matone, Marco Cavaglia, L. Prokhorov, L. Tang, Jon M. Miller, J. K. Blackburn, A. Perreca, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Rubab Khan, Miquel Trias, A. Mullavey, Soumya D. Mohanty, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, Martin P McHugh, B. J. J. Slagmolen, P. Patel, Malik Rakhmanov, J. Worden, A. W. Heptonstall, Peter R. Saulson, C. I. Torrie, G. Billingsley, Sheila Rowan, A. M. Sergeev, Mark A. Satterthwaite, J. Slutsky, Imre Bartos, C. Gray, J. Betzwieser, L. Williams, A. E. Villar, A. Sibley, N. Zotov, A. Ivanov, R. Abbott, C. Robinson, Riccardo Bassiri, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, E. Myers, Kentaro Somiya, Evan Ochsner, B. Hughey, A. Rüdiger, H. Radkins, A. J. Weinstein, I. Gholami, W. Wu, P. T. Beyersdorf, M. V. van der Sluys, H. Overmier, E. Maros, Karsten Danzmann, S. P. Vyachanin, B. Lantz, R. Riesen, D. R. Ingram, E. Black, Roland Schilling, Phil Willems, J. R. Smith, R. Bork, A. Brummit, K. Mason, Kenji Numata, T. Nash, M. Brinkmann, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Slawomir Gras, M. Landry, F. Grimaldi, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, J. Garofoli, G. H. Ogin, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, David Coward, D. Sellers, Thomas Cokelaer, Carlos Cepeda, Robert J. McCarthy, Linqing Wen, Christian Röver, Shuichi Sato, C. Messenger, Y. Faltas, Jan Harms, Lutz Winkelmann, Alexander Khalaidovski, Simon Chelkowski, M. Guenther, John Veitch, J. Heefner, R. Grosso, A. Grant, R. M. Martin, G. Mendell, R. M. S. Schofield, Evan Goetz, M. MacInnis, Sarah Caudill, Patrick Brady, L. Zhang, John A. Clark, Matthew Benacquista, Ping Koy Lam, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Lisa M. Goggin, S. Caride, R. Gouaty, B. Daudert, Paul Roberts, Lindy Blackburn, Karel E. Urbanek, K. Holt, D. O. Bridges, V. Sandberg, S. Meshkov, Keisuke Goda, D. Lodhia, Benjamin J. Owen, B. Bland, M. Scanlan, Xavier Siemens, G. Brunet, Seiji Kawamura, G. P. Newton, Reinhard Prix, A. Effler, Elizabeth Harstad, Erik Katsavounidis, M. Fyffe, Christopher Wipf, K. V. Tokmakov, T. Morioka, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, K. Mailand, Maurizio Longo, M. J. Lubinski, Gabriela Gonzalez, J. M. Hallam, B. Shapiro, Osamu Miyakawa, David H. Reitze, Z. Raics, R. Mittleman, Nelson Christensen, Martin Hewitson, A. M. Cruise, John G. Dwyer, Rajesh Kumar, Vladimir B. Braginsky, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, V. Boschi, Joseph D. Romano, Jared Markowitz, S. Foley, Junwei Cao, Michele Vallisneri, Yi Chen, Stephen Fairhurst, E. Espinoza, M. Weinert, R. S. Amin, Hansheng Lei, K. Mors, Ik Siong Heng, S. Steplewski, Emma L. Robinson, Kasem Mossavi, G. P. Szokoly, Vuk Mandic, S. P. Tarabrin, Gregory Ely, John Nelson, J. A. Giaime, D. F. Menéndez, Jonah Kanner, J. C. Dumas, Albert Lazzarini, Tom Fricke, K. Kokeyama, P. Baker, S. Grunewald, D. J. Hosken, J. G. Rollins, Leo C. Stein, N. A. Robertson, D. Hammer, F. Seifert, R. L. Savage, P. Armor, S. R. P. Mohapatra, T. Isogai, Peter Kalmus, C. Torres, F. Y. Khalili, C. N. Colacino, I. Leonor, John K. Cannizzo, D. B. Kozak, S. B. Anderson, C. Vorvick, I. Duke, Maik Frede, A. Weidner, P. Schwinberg, H. Zur Mühlen, W. G. Anderson, A. L. Stuver, P. G. Murray, E. J. Daw, B. P. Abbott, E. K. Gustafson, D. E. Clark, S. Vass, Jian Zhang, K. D. Giardina, J. H. Hough, W. Kells, Lucía Santamaría, Douglas R. Cook, H. Rehbein, Ruslan Vaulin, Michele Zanolin, David B. Tanner, M. Sung, M. Pedraza, Maria Alessandra Papa, G. D. Hammond, H. Yamamoto, V. Raymond, N. A. Lockerbie, D. Hoyland, P. Savov, James Whelan, P. Ajith, Malcolm B. Gray, P. Raffai, Fumiko Kawazoe, J. Thacker, Soma Mukherjee, Drew Keppel, Zewu Yan, C. M. Reed, M. S. Meyer, S. Márka, A. Stroeer, Kenneth A. Strain, B. O'Reilly, Rainer Weiss, Yi Pan, R. W. P. Drever, W. W. Johnson, D. Hoak, Michael L. Gorodetsky, M. V. Plissi, David Blair, Jordan Camp, Hartmut Grote, Neil J. Cornish, P. E. Lindquist, Peter Aufmuth, J. N. Marx, Matthew Evans, L. Cardenas, J. H. Clayton, S. Klimenko, D. Ugolini, M. Lormand, A. Bullington, Rahul Biswas, L. Bogue, LSC Collaboration, The, Castaldi, G., Galdi, V., Pierro, V., Pinto, I. M., Principe, M., and The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
Subjects: Einstein@Home, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Gravitational wave, Frequency drift, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, LIGO, Neutron star, Amplitude, Pulsar, RADIATION, QC, QB, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Dimensionless quantity
Abstract: This paper reports on an all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves from sources such as deformed isolated rapidly-spinning neutron stars. The analysis uses 840 hours of data from 66 days of the fifth LIGO science run (S5). The data was searched for quasi-monochromatic waves with frequencies f in the range from 50 Hz to 1500 Hz, with a linear frequency drift \dot{f} (measured at the solar system barycenter) in the range -f/\tau < \dot{f} < 0.1 f/\tau, for a minimum spin-down age \tau of 1000 years for signals below 400 Hz and 8000 years above 400 Hz. The main computational work of the search was distributed over approximately 100000 computers volunteered by the general public. This large computing power allowed the use of a relatively long coherent integration time of 30 hours while searching a large parameter space. This search extends Einstein@Home's previous search in LIGO S4 data to about three times better sensitivity. No statistically significant signals were found. In the 125 Hz to 225 Hz band, more than 90% of sources with dimensionless gravitational-wave strain tensor amplitude greater than 3e-24 would have been detected., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2009

128. A novel model of bone-metastatic prostate cancer in immunocompetent mice

Author: Carl A, Power, Hnin, Pwint, Jeffrey, Chan, Jae, Cho, Yan, Yu, William, Walsh, and Pamela J, Russell
Subjects: Male, Histocytochemistry, Acid Phosphatase, Osteocalcin, Prostatic Neoplasms, Bone Neoplasms, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Cell Movement, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Adhesion, Animals, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Immunocompetence
Abstract: Bone metastasis is a frequent and catastrophic consequence of prostate cancer for which only palliative treatment is available. Animal models of bone metastatic prostate cancer are necessary for understanding disease mechanisms but few models exist.We have used the murine prostate carcinoma cell line RM1 to generate a bone metastatic model of prostate cancer. Repeated intracardiac injection of RM1 cells followed by isolation of cells from bone tumors has yielded a cell line with strong bone-metastatic potential, RM1 bone metastatic (BM).This cell line metastasizes to multiple bony sites in over 95% of injected C57BL/6 mice and is far less tropic to soft tissues. Bone tumors produced by the RM1(BM) cell line show no preference for particular skeletal sites as most bones are affected. Histology, and micro-computed tomography show that RM1(BM) cells form osteolytic tumors, but with evidence of osteoblastic changes. In vitro the RM1 cells express E-cadherin but not vimentin, do not form colonies in soft agar, are non-invasive but are more motile than the parent cell line.This model provides a novel means for identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to bone metastasis and allow for preclinical testing of therapies to prevent and treat tumor metastasis to bone. Finally as the syngeneic tumor cells are injected into immunocompetent mice, this model will provide a means to study interactions between the immune system, tumors and bone, and therapies that target such interactions.
Published: 2009

129. Promising tumor-associated antigens for future prostate cancer therapy

Author: Yong, Li, Paul J, Cozzi, and Pamela J, Russell
Subjects: Male, Antigens, Neoplasm, Humans, Prostatic Neoplasms, Neoplasm Metastasis
Abstract: Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the most prevalent malignant diseases among men in Western countries. There is currently no cure for metastatic castrate-resistant CaP, and median survival for these patients is about 18 months; the high mortality rate seen is associated with widespread metastases. Progression of CaP from primary to metastatic disease is associated with several molecular and genetic changes that can affect the expression of specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or receptors on the cell surface. Targeting TAAs is emerging as an area of promise for controlling late-stage and recurrent CaP. Several reviews have summarized the progress made in targeting signaling pathways for CaP but will not be discussed here. We describe some important CaP TAAs. These include prostate stem-cell antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, MUC1, epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor and its receptor, urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor, and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer. We summarize recent advancements in our understanding of their role in CaP metastasis, as well as potential therapeutic options for targeting CaP TAAs. We also discuss the origin, identification, and characterization of prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the potential benefits of targeting prostate CSCs to overcome chemoresistance and CaP recurrence.
Published: 2009

130. Search for gravitational wave ringdowns from perturbed black holes in LIGO S4 data

Author: Erik Katsavounidis, M. J. Lubinski, John G. Dwyer, Rajesh Kumar, Vladimir B. Braginsky, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, E. Espinoza, M. Weinert, K. Mors, R. L. Ward, Roman Schnabel, J. E. Brau, A. A. van Veggel, Efim A. Khazanov, Moritz Mehmet, H. R. Williams, Evan Ochsner, A. J. Weinstein, I. Gholami, W. Wu, P. T. Beyersdorf, M. V. van der Sluys, M. Landry, A. Grant, L. Zhang, Mark A. Satterthwaite, S. H. Huttner, N. A. Robertson, P. J. Sutton, J. H. Romie, L. Cunningham, J. Dueck, J. Garofoli, A. F. Brooks, F. J. Raab, Andrew Melatos, B. Schulz, N. Fotopoulos, C. Veltkamp, Benno Willke, S. Saraf, C. Aulbert, D. Hammer, F. Seifert, V. Kondrashov, J. Betzwieser, Jan Harms, A. Dietz, K. Mailand, Maurizio Longo, R. Gustafson, R. Mittleman, I. Yakushin, D. Hoak, Michael L. Gorodetsky, C. M. Reed, H. Overmier, E. Hirose, R. DeSalvo, Alessandra Buonanno, Nelson Christensen, S. E. Whitcomb, J. Myers, D. Sellers, S. R. P. Mohapatra, E. E. Doomes, S. E. Strigin, Z. Frei, Evan Goetz, Peter Kalmus, David Jones, Andreas Freise, Vincenzo Pierro, Marco Cavaglia, Laura Cadonati, M. Bastarrika, H. Müller-Ebhardt, Nick Leindecker, J. Zweizig, R. L. Savage, P. Armor, Shourov Chatterji, D. Fazi, Suvadeep Bose, Z. Márka, Simon Chelkowski, M. Guenther, M. S. Meyer, M. V. Plissi, Matthew Pitkin, Patrick Brady, L. Sancho De La Jordana, Jonah Kanner, A. W. Heptonstall, Peter R. Saulson, T. Isogai, Tyson Littenberg, J. R. Taylor, Paul Roberts, Hansheng Lei, Antonio Lucianetti, R. Wooley, J. C. Dumas, Jon M. Miller, G. Billingsley, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, O. Punken, R. Abbott, M. Frei, C. Torres, Gavin Davies, M. Ito, M. R. Smith, Guenakh Mitselmakher, A. S. Sengupta, S. Meshkov, C. Barker, J. Ulmen, Albert Lazzarini, B. Sears, S. Sakata, Walter Winkler, F. Y. Khalili, Rainer Weiss, B. Lantz, Badri Krishnan, Soumya D. Mohanty, Samuel J. Waldman, Vicky Kalogera, Rubab Khan, G. S. Allen, I. Leonor, John K. Cannizzo, Vincenzo Galdi, Miquel Trias, Tom Fricke, A. S. Markosyan, R. W. P. Drever, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, C. Gray, R. M. S. Schofield, N. Zotov, B. Behnke, Pankaj Sarin, Kevin M. Ryan, Matthew Benacquista, A. Mullavey, H. Lin, Yaohui Fan, K. Mason, Benjamin J. Owen, Harald Lück, Robert Stone, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, P. Patel, Malik Rakhmanov, J. Worden, M. A. Barton, W. W. Johnson, E. Chalkley, C. M. Mow-Lowry, E. Myers, Christopher Wipf, K. V. Tokmakov, L. Williams, Martin Hewitson, A. Rüdiger, H. Fehrmann, R. M. Martin, K. Kokeyama, L. Tang, Junwei Cao, Susan M. Scott, A. M. Sergeev, D.B. DeBra, Sanichiro Yoshida, Teviet Creighton, I. Duke, Graham Woan, Robert L. Byer, C. N. Colacino, Kentaro Somiya, P. Baker, Kirk McKenzie, P. Shawhan, Roberto Conte, Scott Koranda, M. Scanlan, Xavier Siemens, R. Riesen, C. Messenger, Stuart Reid, Hartmut Grote, Martin P McHugh, H. Mukhopadhyay, Seiji Kawamura, B. J. J. Slagmolen, Reinhard Prix, A. Effler, Elizabeth Harstad, D. J. Hosken, Roland Schilling, S. L. Danilishin, P. Charlton, J. G. Rollins, David Blair, B. F. Whiting, L. Matone, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, Bernard F. Schutz, Fabio Postiglione, Li Ju, A. Franzen, S. C. McGuire, J. Heefner, K. L. Dooley, Chad Hanna, J. Hanson, Yi Chen, P. Kwee, K. A. Thorne, I. A. Bilenko, V. Dergachev, David J. Ottaway, Alberto Vecchio, Osamu Miyakawa, C. Robinson, Guido Mueller, Benjamin William Allen, R. Grosso, Riccardo Bassiri, D. J. A. McKechan, Lisa Barsotti, David H. Reitze, Leo C. Stein, C. Wilkinson, N. D. Smith, C. Van Den Broeck, John A. Clark, A. Sibley, F. Matichard, L. Prokhorov, Kenji Numata, E. Maros, Ping Koy Lam, A. J. Stein, S. Giampanis, T. Morioka, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, Y. Faltas, Karsten Danzmann, D. B. Kozak, B. Sorazu, A. L. Stuver, E. J. Daw, P. J. Veitch, C. Echols, A. Cumming, A. Thüring, A. M. Cruise, C. Vorvick, Neil J. Cornish, C. T. Y. Chung, D. Ugolini, Michael E Zucker, Ilya Mandel, A. C. Melissinos, Michele Vallisneri, G. McIntyre, Alexander Khalaidovski, Ik Siong Heng, Slawomir Gras, S. Steplewski, M. Lormand, T. Z. Summerscales, B. Hughey, Emma L. Robinson, S. P. Tarabrin, P. E. Lindquist, John Nelson, J. Minelli, A. M. Gretarsson, Vitor Cardoso, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Vuk Mandic, R. Taylor, K. D. Giardina, P. Ehrens, Kipp Cannon, R. S. Ottens, J. A. Giaime, F. Grimaldi, Peter Aufmuth, B. Bland, G. Brunet, T. P. Bodiya, Thomas Cokelaer, M. A. Arain, Giuseppe Castaldi, J. K. Blackburn, Sheila Rowan, Maik Frede, A. Weidner, P. Schwinberg, J. N. Marx, Gregory M. Harry, D. F. Menéndez, K. Wette, Timothy Evans, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, Richard A. Matzner, Z. Raics, C. I. Torrie, A. E. Villar, H. Zur Mühlen, W. G. Anderson, M. Lei, Helena Armandula, J. O'Dell, A. Bullington, Rahul Biswas, Ke-Xun Sun, G. Moreno, Yoichi Aso, Shantanu Desai, L. Bogue, Nergis Mavalvala, D. R. Ingram, Kip S. Thorne, L. Wallace, R. Frey, N. Rainer, T. Chalermsongsak, Phil Willems, A. Brummit, B. P. Abbott, Jerome Degallaix, K. Haughian, Marco Aurelio Diaz, E. K. Gustafson, D. E. Clark, H. Rehbein, S. B. Anderson, T. Reed, Carlos Cepeda, P. J. King, Robert J. McCarthy, Linqing Wen, A. G. Wiseman, Ruslan Vaulin, Jordan Camp, A. Perraca, A. Stochino, S. Vass, Shuichi Sato, Kazuhiro Hayama, Lutz Winkelmann, V. P. Mitrofanov, David B. Tanner, Jian Zhang, D. Lodhia, D. C. Coyne, K. A. Hodge, J. H. Clayton, W. Kells, S. Kandhasamy, I. W. Martin, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, V. Boschi, Joseph D. Romano, Jared Markowitz, Lucía Santamaría, Boris Hage, Stephen Fairhurst, John Veitch, D. Talukder, C. Pankow, Sarah Caudill, S. Foley, Lisa M. Goggin, R. Gouaty, B. Daudert, M. MacInnis, Kasem Mossavi, I. W. Harry, Cheng Li, M. Sung, Rana X. Adhikari, R. S. Amin, Gareth Jones, D. Barker, I. Wilmut, S. Wen, S. Roddy, B. Machenschalk, F. Donovan, J. S. Kissel, S. Penn, G. P. Szokoly, Peter Fritschel, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Pamela J. Russell, Roger Jones, Chad Forrest, S. Caride, Matthew Evans, L. Cardenas, M. Pedraza, A. M. Sintes, Lee Samuel Finn, D. Muhammad, S. Grunewald, Lindy Blackburn, S. Klimenko, K. Holt, Chunnong Zhao, Maria Alessandra Papa, K. Kawabe, David H. Shoemaker, Stefan Hild, S. M. Aston, B. Rivera, Pablo Barriga, A. C. Searle, Yasushi Mino, M. Mageswaran, V. Sandberg, H. J. Pletsch, S. Márka, P. Lu, O. Burmeister, G. Traylor, Thomas Corbitt, A. Stroeer, S. Goßler, Kenneth A. Strain, K. Flasch, B. Johnson, D. Kasprzyk, A. Ivanov, H. Radkins, B. O'Reilly, S. P. Vyachanin, M. Brinkmann, B. Moe, David Coward, Christian Röver, Yi Pan, D. S. Rabeling, M. C. Araya, John D. Scott, R. A. Mercer, Matthew P. Edgar, R. M. Culter, Jesper Munch, H. Yamamoto, V. Raymond, N. A. Lockerbie, D. Hoyland, P. Savov, James Whelan, P. Ajith, Malcolm B. Gray, P. Raffai, Fumiko Kawazoe, J. Thacker, Soma Mukherjee, Drew Keppel, Zewu Yan, P. G. Murray, J. H. Hough, Douglas R. Cook, Michele Zanolin, G. D. Hammond, G. Mendell, Karel E. Urbanek, D. O. Bridges, G. P. Newton, M. Fyffe, Gabriela Gonzalez, J. M. Hallam, B. Shapiro, T. Etzel, J. Slutsky, Imre Bartos, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, E. Black, J. R. Smith, R. Bork, T. Nash, G. H. Ogin, V. V. Frolov, V. Parameshwaraiah, Supriyo Sinha, Stanislav Babak, Duncan A. Brown, Keisuke Goda, LSC Collaboration, The, Castaldi, G., Galdi, V., Pierro, V., Pinto, I. M., and Principe, M.
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Gravitational wave, White hole, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Primordial black hole, Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, LIGO, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Black hole, Binary black hole, Stellar black hole, QC, Hawking radiation, QB, Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract: According to general relativity a perturbed black hole will settle to a stationary configuration by the emission of gravitational radiation. Such a perturbation will occur, for example, in the coalescence of a black hole binary, following their inspiral and subsequent merger. At late times the waveform is a superposition of quasi-normal modes, which we refer to as the ringdown. The dominant mode is expected to be the fundamental mode, l=m=2. Since this is a well-known waveform, matched filtering can be implemented to search for this signal using LIGO data. We present a search for gravitational waves from black hole ringdowns in the fourth LIGO science run S4, during which LIGO was sensitive to the dominant mode of perturbed black holes with masses in the range of 10 Msun to 500 Msun, the regime of intermediate-mass black holes, to distances up to 300 Mpc. We present a search for gravitational waves from black hole ringdowns using data from S4. No gravitational wave candidates were found; we place a 90%-confidence upper limit on the rate of ringdowns from black holes with mass between 85 Msun and 390 Msun in the local universe, assuming a uniform distribution of sources, of 3.2 x 10^{-5} yr^{-1} Mpc^{-3} = 1.6 x 10^{-3}yr^{-1} L_{10}^{-1}, where L_{10} is 10^{10} times the solar blue-light luminosity., 8 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2009

131. Active protease mapping in 2DE gels

Author: Zhenjun, Zhao and Pamela J, Russell
Subjects: Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Isoelectric Focusing, Fluorescent Dyes, Peptide Hydrolases
Abstract: Proteases act as the molecular mediators of many vital biological processes. To understand the function of each protease, it needs to be separated from other proteins and characterized in its natural, biologically active form. In the method described in this chapter, proteases in a biological sample are separated under nonreducing conditions in 2DE gels. A specific small protease substrate, tagged with a fluorescent dye, is copolymerized into the SDS gel in the second dimension. After electrophoresis, the proteins are renatured by washing the gel with Triton X-100 solution or Milli Q water to remove SDS. The gel is then incubated in a protease assay buffer. The hydrolysis of the tagged specific substrate by the renatured protease releases the free fluorescent dye, which fluoresces in situ. The fluorescent spots indicate the location of the specific proteases in the gel and the specificity of the proteases.
Published: 2009

132. Cytosine deaminase-uracil phosphoribosyltransferase and interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18: a multimodal anticancer interface marked by specific modulation in serum cytokines

Author: Aparajita Khatri, Kim Ow, Pamela J. Russell, Yasmin Husaini, and Jane Chapman
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, Lung Neoplasms, medicine.medical_treatment, Flucytosine, Apoptosis, Biology, Cytosine Deaminase, Mice, Immune system, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, Th2 Cells, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, Prodrugs, Pentosyltransferases, Cell Proliferation, Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, Monocyte, Cytosine deaminase, Interleukin-18, Interleukin, Prostatic Neoplasms, Combined Modality Therapy, Interleukin-12, Survival Analysis, Mice, Inbred C57BL, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytokine, Oncology, Immunology, Interleukin 12, Cytokines, Interleukin 18
Abstract: Purpose: To test the effects of a new combination, cytosine deaminase (CD) + uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT)–mediated gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) with interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18, on (a) growth of murine prostate and remote tumor deposits, (b) mouse survival, and (c) T helper (Th) 1/Th2 serum cytokine balance with a special focus to assess correlation with tumor burden/survival.Experimental Design: Efficacy of intraprostatic administration of adenovirally delivered murine IL-12 and IL-18 against orthotopic RM1 tumors and lung pseudometastases was assessed in C57BL/6 mice. At necropsy, tumor growth, lung colony counts, effects on immune cell infiltration, vasculature, apoptosis, and proliferation were estimated. Next, CDUPRT-GDEPT + cytokines were tested at suboptimal doses in mice with RM1CDUPRT prostate tumors/RM1 lung deposits and analyzed as above. Effects on mouse survival were also assessed. Host immune responses to different treatments were assessed by monitoring 11 serum cytokines using Luminex technology.Results: Our data show that IL-12 and IL-18, when combined with CDUPRT-GDEPT, caused significant reduction in local RM1 tumors and lung colonies with enhanced long-term survival versus individual treatments. A dramatic enhancement of tumor infiltration by a wider repertoire of immune cells and disruption of vasculature implied the combination to be more immunostimulatory and antiangiogenic. Remarkably, lowering of serum IL-4 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was consistently associated with lower tumor burden (local and systemic), and this, rather than an increase in Th1 cytokines, better predicted treatment efficacy. In addition, mouse survival correlated with substantially higher cytokine (Th1/Th2) levels after treatment.Conclusion: Locoregional application of CDUPRT-GDEPT and IL-12/IL-18 was effective against local and systemic prostate cancer and improved survival. Monitoring serum levels of IL-4 and MCP-1 may accurately reflect tumor burden and, hence, host response to therapy.
Published: 2009

133. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data

Author: C. Torres, C. Echols, R. Taylor, Malcolm B. Gray, T. P. Bodiya, P. Raffai, Seiji Kawamura, Reinhard Prix, A. Effler, Sanichiro Yoshida, Elizabeth Harstad, Helena Armandula, D. S. Rabeling, Graham Woan, J. O'Dell, Ke-Xun Sun, Osamu Miyakawa, David H. Reitze, N. Rainer, John D. Scott, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, R. A. Mercer, J. Thacker, Soma Mukherjee, Drew Keppel, Zewu Yan, Kevin M. Ryan, Bernard F. Schutz, Li Ju, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, J. Hanson, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, Rana X. Adhikari, Gareth Jones, B. Machenschalk, F. Donovan, Matthew P. Edgar, A. Franzen, Peter Aufmuth, Evan Ochsner, A. J. Weinstein, I. Gholami, W. Wu, Guido Mueller, Gianpietro Cagnoli, C. Gray, E. Myers, Soumya D. Mohanty, N. Zotov, K. Mason, Jesper Munch, Gavin Davies, A. M. Cruise, B. Sears, Vicky Kalogera, David Jones, Marco Cavaglia, P. T. Beyersdorf, M. V. van der Sluys, A. W. Heptonstall, Peter R. Saulson, R. Abbott, H. Lin, E. Chalkley, J. N. Marx, Kentaro Somiya, I. Leonor, John K. Cannizzo, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, P. Shawhan, M. Landry, P. Charlton, I. A. Bilenko, V. Dergachev, David J. Ottaway, R. M. Martin, E. Hirose, Kenji Numata, Vuk Mandic, M. Scanlan, Xavier Siemens, P. G. Murray, Laura Cadonati, I. Wilmut, F. Kawazoe, J. Garofoli, H. Bantilan, J. S. Kissel, A. Grant, D. Barker, A. F. Brooks, Yaohui Fan, B. Behnke, Carlos Cepeda, Robert J. McCarthy, Benno Willke, J. Clark, L. Ruet, J. H. Hough, Roger Jones, K. L. Dooley, Yi Chen, M. A. Barton, J. Myers, J. H. Clayton, Douglas R. Cook, Pankaj Sarin, I. Duke, Michele Zanolin, Shourov Chatterji, Alessandra Buonanno, J. A. Giaime, P. Ehrens, D.B. DeBra, Giuseppe Castaldi, I. Yakushin, D. Fazi, S. J. Waldman, Suvadeep Bose, S. Grunewald, K. Kawabe, S. M. Aston, B. Rivera, Linqing Wen, Pablo Barriga, M. Mageswaran, Andreas Freise, L. Zhang, Shuichi Sato, D. Lodhia, V. Boschi, Joseph D. Romano, S. Foley, R. L. Ward, T. Casebolt, P. J. Sutton, J. H. Romie, L. Cunningham, H. Müller-Ebhardt, Kasem Mossavi, A. L. Stuver, S. H. Huttner, S. E. Whitcomb, Susan M. Scott, Teviet Creighton, Chad Hanna, C. Wilkinson, S. Roddy, T. Petrie, Jon M. Miller, G. Billingsley, Chad Forrest, N. Fotopoulos, K. Wette, Z. Márka, Fabio Postiglione, Matthew Pitkin, J. Betzwieser, P. Kwee, Lisa Barsotti, I. Kozhevatov, F. J. Raab, R. Wooley, S. Saraf, R. Gustafson, Martin P McHugh, B. J. J. Slagmolen, Jolien D. E. Creighton, A. Dietz, D. B. Kozak, C. Vorvick, S. Giampanis, T. Hayler, Timothy Evans, A. M. Sintes, F. Matichard, Kazuhiro Hayama, Lindy Blackburn, M. Ramsunder, H. Yamamoto, C. Pankow, P. J. Veitch, H. Overmier, S. Kamat, Lee Samuel Finn, Riccardo Bassiri, K. Holt, D. Sigg, K. D. Giardina, B. Lantz, S. W. Ballmer, D. Meyers, P. Schwinberg, V. Sandberg, S. Wen, M. R. Smith, A. S. Sengupta, J. Dickson, C. I. Torrie, E. Maros, D. Sellers, Chunnong Zhao, S. Márka, J. Zweizig, David H. Shoemaker, Bence Kocsis, H. Zur Mühlen, W. G. Anderson, S. Sakata, Rubab Khan, Miquel Trias, R. M. S. Schofield, N. A. Lockerbie, D. R. Ingram, G. Moreno, Phil Willems, Simon Chelkowski, M. Guenther, P. Lu, O. Burmeister, C. Robinson, Jan Harms, Kenneth A. Strain, Matthew Benacquista, Benjamin William Allen, Tyson Littenberg, Karsten Danzmann, Badri Krishnan, B. P. Abbott, E. K. Gustafson, D. E. Clark, M. Ito, Antonio Lucianetti, A. Mullavey, H. Ward, F. Ya. Khalili, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, P. Patel, Malik Rakhmanov, J. Worden, Benjamin J. Owen, Jonah Kanner, P. Savov, Slawomir Gras, James Whelan, K. Flasch, P. Ajith, J. C. Dumas, B. Johnson, L. Williams, D. Kasprzyk, A. Rüdiger, B. O'Reilly, C. Aulbert, Albert Lazzarini, M. Bastarrika, Yi Pan, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, Christopher Wipf, N. A. Robertson, S. Vass, Rainer Weiss, Jian Zhang, C. M. Mow-Lowry, S. Gossler, Patrick Brady, R. W. P. Drever, R. Riesen, Roland Schilling, K. V. Tokmakov, Evan Goetz, B. Moe, Cheng Li, Martin Hewitson, D. Hoak, W. Kells, Lucía Santamaría, A. M. Rogan, Junwei Cao, A. Miller, E. Haughian, B. F. Whiting, N. D. Smith, F. Seifert, Yoichi Aso, C. Van Den Broeck, L. Wallace, R. Frey, W. W. Johnson, Roberto Conte, Scott Koranda, L. Matone, Y. Faltas, Alexander Khalaidovski, Sarah Caudill, Lisa M. Goggin, A. Ivanov, C. Barker, Z. Frei, K. Kokeyama, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, John Veitch, Sascha Schediwy, M. V. Plissi, David Blair, Michael E Zucker, H. Radkins, Shantanu Desai, Kip S. Thorne, B. Bland, G. Brunet, R. Gouaty, B. Daudert, M. C. Araya, P. Baker, T. Reed, S. Meshkov, Jordan Camp, D. J. Hosken, S. P. Vyachanin, J. G. Rollins, M. Brinkmann, Alberto Vecchio, M. MacInnis, R. S. Amin, Kipp Cannon, R. S. Ottens, A. Sibley, Peter Kalmus, A. Perraca, V. P. Mitrofanov, P. J. King, A. G. Wiseman, Leo C. Stein, Kirk McKenzie, Hartmut Grote, Stephen Fairhurst, Boris Hage, Peter Fritschel, A. Cumming, D. Muhammad, S. Penn, Pamela J. Russell, Marco Aurelio Diaz, T. T. Fricke, Neil J. Cornish, P. E. Lindquist, A. C. Searle, K. A. Thorne, D. C. Coyne, J. Minelli, H. J. Pletsch, A. M. Gretarsson, Matthew Evans, L. Cardenas, G. S. Allen, Stefan Hild, G. Traylor, Thomas Corbitt, J. K. Blackburn, S. Caride, Hirotaka Takahashi, S. Klimenko, D. Ugolini, Sheila Rowan, B. Sorazu, M. Lormand, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Walter Winkler, A. S. Markosyan, H. Rehbein, Harald Lück, S. B. Anderson, A. Thüring, Ruslan Vaulin, David B. Tanner, H. Mukhopadhyay, S. C. McGuire, D. J. A. McKechan, A. Bullington, Rahul Biswas, A. M. Sergeev, L. Bogue, A. C. Melissinos, Ilya Mandel, M. Sung, Vitor Cardoso, T. Z. Summerscales, M. Pedraza, Maria Alessandra Papa, Richard A. Matzner, Innocenzo M. Pinto, F. Grimaldi, Thomas Cokelaer, T. Etzel, J. Slutsky, Imre Bartos, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, E. Black, Martin M. Fejer, J. R. Smith, R. Bork, T. Nash, G. H. Ogin, John S. Markowitz, G. Mendell, K. Mailand, R. Mittleman, Roman Schnabel, J. E. Brau, A. A. van Veggel, Subhasish Mitra, Efim A. Khazanov, Moritz Mehmet, H. R. Williams, Keisuke Goda, Erik Katsavounidis, Nelson Christensen, M. J. Lubinski, John G. Dwyer, Vladimir B. Braginsky, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, E. Espinoza, M. Weinert, K. Mors, Karel E. Urbanek, G. P. Newton, M. Fyffe, Gabriela Gonzalez, J. M. Hallam, B. Shapiro, G. McIntyre, A. E. Villar, M. A. Arain, Gregory M. Harry, M. Lei, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, I. W. Martin, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, V. V. Frolov, B. C. Barish, J. Heefner, C. Messenger, R. Grosso, V. Parameshwaraiah, R. M. Cutler, Supriyo Sinha, Stanislav Babak, Duncan A. Brown, Ik Siong Heng, Emma L. Robinson, Gregory Ely, John Nelson, V. Kondrashov, R. DeSalvo, E. E. Doomes, L. Sancho De La Jordana, R. L. Savage, P. Armor, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, LVC Collaboration, The, Castaldi, G., Pinto, I. M., and Principe, M.
Subjects: Physics, Gravitational wave, media_common.quotation_subject, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Radiation, LIGO, Physics and Astronomy (all), Neutron star, Stars, Quark star, Pulsar, Sky, QC, QB, media_common
Abstract: We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5×10-9-0Hzs-1. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10-24 are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10-6, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500pc. © 2009 The American Physical Society.
Published: 2009

134. Alterations to the protein profile of bladder carcinoma cell lines induced by plant extract MINA-05 in vitro

Author: Carlos E Martucci, Melissa L. Thomas, Melanie Y. White, Tzong-Tyng Hung, Pamela J. Russell, Shiu-Fu Pang, Sharon C W Luk, Terry Nguyen-Khuong, Shona Seeto, Anna M Fitzgerald, and Bradley J. Walsh
Subjects: Cell, Biology, Protein degradation, Proteomics, Biochemistry, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Yucca, Humans, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Molecular Biology, Cell Proliferation, Schisandra, Bladder cancer, Gene Expression Profiling, Cancer, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Neoplasm Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Transitional cell carcinoma, medicine.anatomical_structure, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Cell culture, Phosphopyruvate Hydratase, Cancer cell, Soybeans, Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Abstract: Bladder cancer (BLCa) is a severe urological cancer of both men and women that commonly recurs and once invasive, is difficult to treat. MINA-05 (CK Life Sciences Int'l, Hong Kong) is a derivative of complex botanical extracts, shown to reduce cellular proliferation of bladder and prostate carcinomas. We tested the effects of MINA-05 against human BLCa cell sublines, B8, B8-RSP-GCK, B8-RSP-LN and C3, from a transitional cell carcinoma, grade IV, to determine the molecular targets of treatment by observing the cellular protein profile. Cells were acclimatised for 48 h then treated for 72 h with concentrations of MINA-05 reflecting 1/2 IC(50), IC(50) and 2 x IC(50) (n = 3) or with vehicle, (0.5% DMSO). Dose-dependant changes in protein abundance were detected and characterised using 2-dimensional electrophoresis and MS. We identified 10 proteins that underwent changes in abundance, pI and/or molecular mass in response to treatment. MINA-05 was shown to influence proteins across numerous functional classes including cytoskeletal proteins, energy metabolism proteins, protein degradation proteins and tumour suppressors, suggesting a global impact on these cell lines. This study implies that the ability of MINA-05 to retard cellular proliferation is attributed to its ability to alter cell cycling, metabolism, protein degradation and the cancer cell environment.
Published: 2009

135. Role of the Akt pathway in prostate cancer

Author: Pamela J. Russell, John H. Kearsley, and Paul de Souza
Subjects: Pharmacology, Male, Cancer Research, Cell signaling, Druggability, Prostatic Neoplasms, Antineoplastic Agents, Biology, medicine.disease, Highly selective, Cell biology, Oncogene Protein v-akt, Prostate cancer, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Oncology, Drug Discovery, Cancer cell, Cancer research, medicine, Animals, Humans, Signal transduction, Protein kinase B, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, Signal Transduction
Abstract: The Akt pathway, or more accurately, network, has assumed increasing importance with the understanding that it represents a key role in cancer cell survival and proliferation. Intense efforts to target proteins and enzymes within this pathway with highly selective compounds have led to the development of diverse agents now in Phase I – III clinical trials. Moreover, the notion that exploitation of multiple “druggable” targets simultaneously or in the appropriate sequence may provide better anti-tumour effects than single drugs hold promise that chemoresistance may be overcome, at least in part. This paper reviews important aspects of the Akt network, with a particular focus on prostate cancer biology.
Published: 2009

136. Inhibition of micrometastatic prostate cancer cell spread in animal models by 213Bilabeled multiple targeted alpha radioimmunoconjugates

Author: Yong Li, Emma Song, Syed Monem Rizvi, Julia Beretov, Barry J. Allen, Carl Power, Christos Apostolidis, Alfred Morgenstern, Chand Raja, Pamela J. Russell, and Paul J. Cozzi
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunoconjugates, medicine.drug_class, Mice, Nude, Mice, SCID, Monoclonal antibody, Prostate cancer, Mice, Antigen, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Lymph node, Radioisotopes, business.industry, Cancer, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Prostatic Neoplasms, medicine.disease, Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Cancer cell, Immunohistochemistry, business, Plasminogen activator, Bismuth, Neoplasm Transplantation
Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic potential of 213Bilabeled multiple targeted α-radioimmunoconjugates for treating prostate cancer (CaP) micrometastases in mouse models. Experimental Design: PC-3 CaP cells were implanted s.c., in the prostate, and intratibially in NODSCID mice. The expression of multiple tumor–associated antigens on tumor xenografts and micrometastases was detected by immunohistochemistry. Targeting vectors were two monoclonal antibodies, and a plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 that binds to cell surface urokinase plasminogen activator, labeled with 213Bi using standard methodology. In vivo efficacy of multiple α conjugates (MTAT) at different activities was evaluated in these mouse models. Tumor growth was monitored during observations and local regional lymph node metastases were assessed at the end of experiments. Results: The take rate of PC-3 cells was 100% for each route of injection. The tumor-associated antigens (MUC1, urokinase plasminogen activator, and BLCA-38) were heterogeneously expressed on primary tumors and metastatic cancer clusters at transit. A single i.p. injection of MTAT (test) at high and low doses caused regression of the growth of primary tumors and prevented local lymph node metastases in a concentration-dependent fashion; it also caused cancer cells to undergo necrosis and apoptosis. Conclusions: Our results suggest that MTAT can impede primary PC-3 CaP growth at three different sites in vivo through induction of apoptosis, and can prevent the spread of cancer cells and target lymph node micrometastases in a concentration-dependent manner. MTAT, by targeting multiple antigens, can overcome heterogeneous antigen expression to kill small CaP cell clusters, thus providing a potent therapy for micrometastases.
Published: 2009

137. Protein expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma index tumors correlates with diagnosis of second primary tumors of the upper aero-digestive tract

Author: Charles Geoffrey Gordon Rees, Pamela J. Russell, Robert Smee, Jia-Lin Yang, Arash Salardini, and Ross Darius Farhadieh
Subjects: Oncology, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cohort Studies, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Surgical oncology, Internal medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Medicine, Humans, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Laryngeal Neoplasms, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, biology, business.industry, Neoplasms, Second Primary, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2, Second primary cancer, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Primary tumor, ErbB Receptors, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, biology.protein, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Biomarker (medicine), Immunohistochemistry, Surgery, Field cancerization, Female, business, NODAL, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background. Field cancerization is a feature of HNSCCs. No biological marker in the index tumor has correlated with second primary tumor (SPTs) development. Changes in MDM-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression are known to be early neoplastic changes in HNSCC. EGFR expression is correlated with clinical outcomes. This study has assessed the predictive correlation of MDM-2 and EGFR protein expression with clinicopathological parameters and occurrence of SPTs in HNSCC. Methods. Using immunohistochemistry, 106 patients who were treated for primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were investigated for expression of MDM-2 and EGFR. Results. Positive expression of MDM-2 and EGFR was found in 51 of 106 (48.1%) and 82 of 106 (77.4%) cases, respectively. EGFR expression was found to correlate with diagnosis of new primary tumors (P = 0.003), disease-free survival (P = 0.008), as well as overall survival (P = 0.003). MDM-2 expression correlated with nodal relapse (P = 0.03). Conclusions. SPTs relate to poor prognosis in HNSCC, indicating that closer clinical surveillance of this patient group would be beneficial. Examination of the expression of EGFR by the primary tumor could have potential clinical benefits because this study suggests that it may become a vital biomarker for patients who are most at risk of developing SPTs.
Published: 2009

138. Einstein@Home search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S4 data

Author: J. N. Marx, D. Hoak, M. V. Plissi, Hartmut Grote, P. E. Lindquist, S. Márka, Kenneth A. Strain, B. O'Reilly, Yi Pan, Benno Willke, J. Clark, L. Ruet, Alessandra Buonanno, Soumya D. Mohanty, N. Zotov, V. Leonhardt, K. Mason, S. Giampanis, Sanichiro Yoshida, F. Ya. Khalili, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, G. McIvor, A. J. Weinstein, I. Gholami, W. Wu, P. T. Beyersdorf, M. V. van der Sluys, Michael E Zucker, Graham Woan, Robert L. Byer, S. Gossler, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Stuart Reid, Robert Stone, R. M. Martin, A. M. Rogan, Rana X. Adhikari, J. Dickson, C. I. Torrie, Gareth Jones, M. Degree, Kipp Cannon, Bernard F. Schutz, Xavier Siemens, B. Machenschalk, F. Donovan, Li Ju, Roberto Conte, C. Aulbert, R. S. Ottens, Jan Harms, Carlos Cepeda, A. Grant, J. Hanson, L. Matone, Guido Mueller, Robert J. McCarthy, Yi Chen, L. Zhang, Martin P McHugh, B. J. J. Slagmolen, Keisuke Goda, Shuichi Sato, D. Lodhia, M. Hennessy, R. L. Ward, Erik Katsavounidis, Evan Goetz, V. Boschi, Joseph D. Romano, A. Sibley, B. Lantz, Alberto Vecchio, T. Casebolt, P. J. Sutton, Jared Markowitz, J. H. Romie, Kasem Mossavi, E. Maros, Marco Aurelio Diaz, M. J. Lubinski, John G. Dwyer, N. D. Smith, K. Bayer, L. Cunningham, Vladimir B. Braginsky, Shantanu Desai, J. S. Miller, Kip S. Thorne, S. H. Huttner, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, F. J. Raab, H. Bantilan, M. A. Barton, A. Dietz, Antonio Lucianetti, E. Espinoza, B. Moe, M. Weinert, R. M. S. Schofield, Benjamin J. Owen, G. Mendell, Christopher Wipf, S. Meshkov, A. Cumming, J. Ulmen, D. Ugolini, K. V. Tokmakov, S. Grunewald, D.B. DeBra, S. Saraf, R. Gustafson, Karel E. Urbanek, Martin Hewitson, Jonah Kanner, Junwei Cao, M. C. Araya, Kevin M. Ryan, Hirotaka Takahashi, Kirk McKenzie, A. Stochino, V. P. Mitrofanov, Roman Schnabel, J. E. Brau, J. C. Dumas, J. Minelli, M. Ito, M. Lormand, Subhasish Mitra, Efim A. Khazanov, A. Perreca, A. M. Gretarsson, Fabio Postiglione, P. Kwee, E. Hirose, Badri Krishnan, G. P. Newton, M. Fyffe, Gabriela Gonzalez, J. M. Hallam, F. Matichard, A. Bullington, Rahul Biswas, Antony C. Searle, C. M. Mow-Lowry, M. Rakhmanov, Guenakh Mitselmakher, H. R. Williams, Boris Hage, Nick Leindecker, J. Zweizig, P. J. Veitch, L. Bogue, H. Müller-Ebhardt, Albert Lazzarini, B. Sorazu, A. Thüring, Kenneth G. Libbrecht, Michael Landry, Sheila Rowan, Gianpietro Cagnoli, A. C. Melissinos, T. Etzel, A. F. Brooks, C. Echols, B. F. Whiting, G. Billingsley, Tom Fricke, Walter Winkler, A. S. Markosyan, T. Z. Summerscales, R. L. Savage, P. Armor, Harald Lück, Chunnong Zhao, C. Van Den Broeck, H. Rehbein, H. Mukhopadhyay, S. C. McGuire, Innocenzo M. Pinto, C. Torres, R. Taylor, D. J. A. McKechan, J. Myers, S. B. Anderson, F. Grimaldi, David H. Shoemaker, I. Yakushin, Thomas Cokelaer, S. E. Whitcomb, T. P. Bodiya, Rainer Weiss, D. M. Whitbeck, J. Slutsky, R. W. P. Drever, Ruslan Vaulin, Shourov Chatterji, D. Fazi, S. J. Waldman, Suvadeep Bose, David B. Tanner, W. W. Johnson, David Blair, Z. Márka, Yoichi Aso, L. Wallace, V. Quetschke, Jordan Camp, P. Lu, O. Burmeister, K. Kokeyama, T. Meier, J. Dalrymple, R. Frey, Richard A. Matzner, M. Sung, S. Sakata, S. Penn, Rubab Khan, Miquel Trias, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, E. Black, P. Ehrens, Martin M. Fejer, J. R. Smith, R. Bork, Pamela J. Russell, Helena Armandula, P. J. King, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, P. Patel, J. O'Dell, Ke-Xun Sun, Roger K. Route, J. Worden, L. Williams, A. Rüdiger, D. J. Hosken, K. A. Thorne, H. Fehrmann, T. Nash, K. Wette, M. R. Smith, K. L. Dooley, Timothy Evans, L. Cardenas, A. G. Wiseman, N. Rainer, Stefan Hild, J. G. Rollins, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, S. Klimenko, R. Riesen, Roland Schilling, G. H. Ogin, R. M. Cutler, A. S. Sengupta, C. Robinson, D. B. Kozak, C. Vorvick, Chonghoon Kim, G. Moreno, B. Johnson, M. Pedraza, D. Kasprzyk, Benjamin William Allen, D. C. Coyne, Leo C. Stein, I. Kozhevatov, Karsten Danzmann, M. Samidi, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, Slawomir Gras, B. Bland, Maria Alessandra Papa, G. Brunet, D. Meyers, P. Schwinberg, W. G. Anderson, V. V. Frolov, Stephen Fairhurst, Giuseppe Castaldi, V. Parameshwaraiah, Kent Blackburn, Vuk Mandic, I. Leonor, John K. Cannizzo, B. P. Abbott, E. K. Gustafson, J. A. Giaime, D. Barker, D. E. Clark, I. Duke, Supriyo Sinha, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, S. Vass, A. L. Stuver, Jian Zhang, Stanislav Babak, Duncan A. Brown, N. Fotopoulos, S. Roddy, W. Kells, A. Heptonstall, T. Petrie, D. R. Ingram, K. D. Giardina, Phil Willems, D. M. Strom, Kazuhiro Hayama, Malcolm B. Gray, A. M. Sintes, R. J. Dupuis, Lee Samuel Finn, Lisa M. Goggin, N. A. Robertson, R. Gouaty, Laura Cadonati, D. Hammer, J. Thacker, C. Pankow, Susan M. Scott, Teviet Creighton, Soma Mukherjee, Drew Keppel, Zewu Yan, F. Seifert, Chad Hanna, C. Wilkinson, P. G. Murray, J. H. Hough, Peter Kalmus, Douglas R. Cook, M. Ramsunder, Michele Zanolin, S. Wen, Sarah J. Vigeland, G. S. Allen, Peter Fritschel, H. Yamamoto, H. J. Pletsch, G. Traylor, Thomas Corbitt, N. A. Lockerbie, C. Gray, P. Savov, James Whelan, P. Ajith, E. Myers, Kentaro Somiya, Kenji Numata, M. M. Lang, K. Mailand, R. Mittleman, Nelson Christensen, K. Flasch, Andreas Freise, A. Ivanov, C. Messenger, Matthew Pitkin, R. Wooley, H. Radkins, T. Hayler, M. Bastarrika, S. P. Vyachanin, M. Brinkmann, W. Tyler, Ping Koy Lam, S. Kamat, A. Rodriguez, C. Barker, G. McIntyre, M. A. Arain, Gregory M. Harry, M. Lei, I. Wilmut, F. Kawazoe, Dustin Anderson, J. Garofoli, J. S. Kissel, Roger Jones, I. W. Martin, P. Sarin, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, K. Kawabe, S. M. Aston, David Jones, B. Rivera, Pablo Barriga, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Lindy Blackburn, M. Mageswaran, H. Ward, Peter R. Saulson, V. Sandberg, R. Abbott, D. S. Rabeling, John Veitch, Sascha Schediwy, M. MacInnis, R. S. Amin, R. A. Mercer, H. Lin, E. Chalkley, P. Shawhan, Jesper Munch, P. Charlton, I. A. Bilenko, V. Dergachev, David J. Ottaway, Seiji Kawamura, Reinhard Prix, A. Effler, Elizabeth Harstad, Osamu Miyakawa, David H. Reitze, A. E. Villar, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, B. C. Barish, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, Gavin Davies, V. Kondrashov, R. DeSalvo, E. E. Doomes, L. Sancho De La Jordana, B. Sears, J. Heefner, R. Grosso, Ik Siong Heng, Emma L. Robinson, Gregory Ely, John Nelson, Vicky Kalogera, Yaohui Fan, J. Betzwieser, H. Overmier, D. Sellers, Simon Chelkowski, M. Guenther, Patrick Brady, Peter Aufmuth, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, lSC Collaboration, The, Castaldi, G., Pinto, I. M., and Principe, M.
Subjects: Physics, Einstein@Home, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gravitational wave, Frequency drift, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics, Parameter space, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, LIGO, Neutron star, Amplitude, Pulsar, QC
Abstract: A search for periodic gravitational waves, from sources such as isolated rapidly-spinning neutron stars, was carried out using 510 hours of data from the fourth LIGO science run (S4). The search was for quasi-monochromatic waves in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 1500 Hz, with a linear frequency drift f-dot (measured at the solar system barycenter) in the range -f/tau < f-dot < 0.1 f/tau, where the minimum spin-down age tau was 1000 years for signals below 300 Hz and 10000 years above 300 Hz. The main computational work of the search was distributed over approximately 100000 computers volunteered by the general public. This large computing power allowed the use of a relatively long coherent integration time of 30 hours, despite the large parameter space searched. No statistically significant signals were found. The sensitivity of the search is estimated, along with the fraction of parameter space that was vetoed because of contamination by instrumental artifacts. In the 100 Hz to 200 Hz band, more than 90% of sources with dimensionless gravitational wave strain amplitude greater than 1e-23 would have been detected., 29 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2009
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139. Search for gravitational-wave bursts in the first year of the fifth LIGO science run

Author: J. B. Camp, C. T.Y. Chung, R. M. S. Schofield, Lu Zhang, P. Armor, Rana X. Adhikari, F. Donovan, C. Torres, X. Siemens, C. N. Colacino, John K. Cannizzo, Andrew J. Stein, Sergey Klimenko, T. T. Fricke, C. Echols, Maurizio Longo, I. Duke, J. E. Brau, B. Lantz, R. Mittleman, V. Parameshwaraiah, K. A. Thorne, Andri M. Gretarsson, Nelson Christensen, Stanislav Babak, I. Wilmut, M. Guenther, A. L. Stuver, E. J. Daw, R. Taylor, G. P. Szokoly, M. Pedraza, H. Mukhopadhyay, T. P. Bodiya, P. Barriga, Benno Willke, Duncan A. Brown, S. Gras, Roberto Conte, C. Aulbert, Scott Koranda, V. V. Frolov, P. Ehrens, A. C. Melissinos, G. Newton, M. Bastarrika, Matthew Benacquista, Eric D. Black, Benjamin J. Owen, C. Barker, M. V. Plissi, A. Bullington, Helena Armandula, Andre Thüring, H. Lück, Alessandra Buonanno, A. Sibley, N. Leindecker, Keiko Kokeyama, H. Yamamoto, Hansheng Lei, Osamu Miyakawa, L. Matone, E. Myers, Christopher Wipf, K. V. Tokmakov, Vincenzo Galdi, E. Ochsner, J. O'Dell, J. A. Giaime, N. Rainer, C. Cepeda, J. Dueck, Shihori Sakata, Pankaj Sarin, K. Mailand, Matthew Evans, Keisuke Goda, Erik Katsavounidis, A. Heptonstall, Martin P McHugh, B. J. J. Slagmolen, K. D. Giardina, L. Cardenas, Yi Pan, F. Y. Khalili, D. Sellers, Junwei Cao, J. G. Rollins, H. Rehbein, S. B. Anderson, J. Slutsky, John G. Dwyer, A. Di Credico, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, G. McIntyre, C. Van den Broeck, A. Brummit, D. B. Kozak, Rajesh Kumar, Vladimir B. Braginsky, Ruslan Vaulin, David B. Tanner, Graham Woan, J. R. Smith, T. Nash, W. Kells, K. L. Dooley, H. Fehrmann, Lisa Barsotti, D. Sigg, Andrew Melatos, B. Schulz, A. Dietz, Kevin M. Ryan, Michael E Zucker, B. Moe, Shantanu Desai, J. H. Hough, E. Espinoza, Sukanya Sinha, N. Zotov, T. Z. Summerscales, M. Sung, T. Chalermsongsak, S. Dhurandhar, Pamela J. Russell, K. Kawabe, W. W. Johnson, K. Mason, P. Charlton, C. M. Reed, R. Schilling, R. L. McCarthy, S. Reid, K. Mors, T. Reed, B. Behnke, Gregory M. Harry, S. Yoshida, A. Perraca, Rubab Khan, Miquel Trias, P. Kwee, J. Garofoli, D. C. Coyne, Roman Schnabel, M. Lei, David O. Cook, Jan Harms, R. W. P. Drever, R. S. Ottens, R. Gustafson, Rainer Weiss, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mendell, M. Ito, M. C. Araya, Ke Sun, Bernard F. Schutz, Li Ju, Efim A. Khazanov, S. M. Aston, Henning Vahlbruch, John K. Scott, Boris Hage, Manuel Meyer, N. A. Robertson, J. Betzwieser, G. D. Hammond, M. Scanlan, Linqing Wen, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, P. Patel, Malik Rakhmanov, D. Ugolini, Z. Márka, J. Worden, P. Schwinberg, H. R. Williams, M. A. Barton, D. Talukder, R. Bassiri, David Blair, C. Veltkamp, G. Mitselmakher, D. Hammer, M. Vallisneri, Evan Goetz, I. W. Martin, David E. McClelland, D. O. Bridges, Maik Frede, D. DeBra, S. Vass, Sarah Caudill, Lisa M. Goggin, L. Williams, A. Rüdiger, Atsushi Nishizawa, Guido Mueller, A. Mullavey, B. P. Abbott, O. Puncken, Joseph D. Romano, Jared Markowitz, R. Gouaty, B. Daudert, Paul Roberts, Stefan Hild, Yi Chen, K. Riles, G. Billingsley, D. E. Clark, I. W. Harry, J. M. Hallam, S. Foley, A. Sergeev, Rosemary Frey, Kipp Cannon, Peter Kalmus, Kasem Mossavi, Fabio Postiglione, Jian Zhang, J. Hanson, Fabrice Matichard, R. Riesen, Pa. Willems, Oliver Burmeister, Laura Cadonati, Mark A. Satterthwaite, L. Bogue, S. Penn, Lucía Santamaría, Jolien D. E. Creighton, J. Myers, Amartya Sengupta, S. Caride, Lindy Blackburn, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, M. Weinert, P. J. Veitch, S. P. Tarabrin, Y. Faltas, C. Robinson, Benjamin William Allen, Karsten Danzmann, G. S. Allen, Richard J. Abbott, Alexander Khalaidovski, Yasushi Mino, J. Minelli, Susan M. Scott, Teviet Creighton, A. J. Weinstein, D. S. Rabeling, G. T. Jones, James S. Clark, C. Gray, L. Cunningham, H. zur Mühlen, N. A. Lockerbie, Chad Hanna, Yoichi Aso, F. J. Raab, P. Shawhan, S. Saraf, I. Gholami, W. Wu, Jean-Charles Dumas, V. Boschi, C. Wilkinson, B. Bland, G. Brunet, E. Hirose, Sheila Rowan, D. Fazi, Suvadeep Bose, Giuseppe Castaldi, T. Isogai, D. Hoyland, Matthew P. Edgar, Frank Seifert, Z. Raics, P. Savov, James Whelan, P. Ajith, S. Giampanis, R. M. Culter, Stanley L. Whitcomb, S. R.P. Mohapatra, A. Lazzarini, A. Grant, Ping Koy Lam, S. Chatterji, Martin Hewitson, Alicia M. Sintes, H. Müller-Ebhardt, S. E. Strigin, Michael Landry, S. W. Ballmer, K. Urbanek, K. Flasch, M. V. Van Der Sluys, Alexander Franzen, M. A. Papa, J. Zweizig, Stephen Fairhurst, Jon M. Miller, Malcolm B. Gray, P. Raffai, D. R. Ingram, Muzammil Arain, A. Ivanov, Peter Fritschel, David Hosken, S. P. Vyachanin, Calum Torrie, R. Bork, M. R. Smith, L. Tang, R. L. Byer, Fumiko Kawazoe, David Coward, Christian Röver, D. Muhammad, M. Lubinski, Marco Aurelio Diaz, J. Thacker, Soma Mukherjee, Zewu Yan, G. Moreno, H. Radkins, R. A. Mercer, D. J. A. McKechan, H. J. Pletsch, P. J. King, I. Leonor, Thomas Corbitt, Susumu Sato, Ilya Mandel, J. K. Blackburn, R. L. Ward, T. B. Littenberg, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, Alberto Vecchio, Richard A. Matzner, Roland Martin, P. J. Sutton, B. Hughey, S. Kandhasamy, Vincenzo Pierro, K. A. Hodge, Chao Li, Badri Krishnan, Antony C. Searle, C. M. Mow-Lowry, K. Haughian, W. G. Anderson, Kazuhiro Hayama, D. Barker, L. Sancho de la Jordana, Rahul Biswas, S. Chelkowski, S. Roddy, Chad Forrest, S. Wen, P. Aufmuth, Lee Samuel Finn, I. Yakushin, J. H. Romie, G. H. Ogin, Kentaro Somiya, Innocenzo M. Pinto, F. Grimaldi, M. Brinkmann, Kenji Numata, Thomas Cokelaer, P. T. Beyersdorf, Chunnong Zhao, David H. Shoemaker, P. G. Murray, P. Lu, S. Goßler, J. Heefner, E. Chalkley, B. Johnson, W. Winkler, D. Kasprzyk, G. Traylor, S. C. McGuire, I. A. Bilenko, V. Dergachev, David J. Ottaway, Bernard F. Whiting, David Jones, Marco Cavaglia, Vivien Raymond, Peter R. Saulson, M. Zanolin, L. G. Prokhorov, A. Stochino, J. N. Marx, J. H. Clayton, T. Etzel, D. Hoak, Michael L. Gorodetsky, L. Wallace, C. Pankow, Hartmut Grote, N. Fotopoulos, Lutz Winkelmann, B. Shapiro, A. Brooks, Guy R. Davies, S. L. Danilishin, John Veitch, Neil J. Cornish, K. Wette, Jesper Munch, Timothy Evans, P. E. Lindquist, Moritz Mehmet, M. MacInnis, R. S. Amin, S. Márka, I. Bartos, A. Stroeer, Zsolt Frei, Jonah Kanner, J. S. Kissel, Roger Jones, Kenneth A. Strain, A. Weidner, Soumya D. Mohanty, Huan Lin, M. Fyffe, D. Lodhia, B. O'Reilly, Seiji Kawamura, Reinhard Prix, A. Effler, Elizabeth Harstad, B. Rivera, Andreas Freise, M. Lormand, David H. Reitze, Andrew Cumming, Matthew Pitkin, M. Mageswaran, R. Wooley, M. Frei, P. Baker, V. Sannibale, A. A. van Veggel, Leo C. Stein, Remington P. S. Stone, V. Kondrashov, Antonio Lucianetti, V. Sandberg, B. Sears, J. Ulmen, K. Holt, T. Morioka, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, A. M. Cruise, Samuel J. Waldman, Vicky Kalogera, G. González, Vuk Mandic, Drew Keppel, Nathan Smith, Kirk McKenzie, Eric K. Gustafson, Yaohui Fan, D. F. Menéndez, A. S. Markosyan, R. J S Greenhalgh, B. Machenschalk, B. Sorazu, R. Grosso, Patrick Brady, Joseph Ashley Taylor, Ik Siong Heng, S. Steplewski, Emma L. Robinson, S. Grunewald, John Nelson, A. Villar, R. DeSalvo, C. Vorvick, E. E. Doomes, Richard L. Savage, S. H. Huttner, Alan G. Wiseman, H. Overmier, E. Maros, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, LSC Collaboration, The, Castaldi, G., Galdi, V., pierro, V., Pinto, I. M., Principe, M., and The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
Subjects: Data Analysis, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gravitational wave, Gravitational Wave, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Dead time, Optical Interferometer, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, LIGO, Confidence interval, Amplitude, Range (statistics), Waveform, QC, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, QB
Abstract: We present the results obtained from an all-sky search for gravitational-wave (GW) bursts in the 64-2000 Hz frequency range in data collected by the LIGO detectors during the first year (November 2005 - November 2006) of their fifth science run. The total analyzed livetime was 268.6 days. Multiple hierarchical data analysis methods were invoked in this search. The overall sensitivity expressed in terms of the root-sum-square (rss) strain amplitude h_{rss} for gravitational-wave bursts with various morphologies was in the range of 6 times 10^{-22} Hz^{-1/2} to a few times 10^{-21} Hz^{-1/2}. No GW signals were observed and a frequentist upper limit of 3.6 events per year on the rate of strong GW bursts was placed at the 90% confidence level. As in our previous searches, we also combined this rate limit with the detection efficiency for selected waveform morphologies to obtain event rate versus strength exclusion curves. In sensitivity, these exclusion curves are the most stringent to date., Comment: v3: various figure and text edits; submitted to PRD; 26 pages
Published: 2009

140. Multifunctional core-shell magnetic cisplatin nanocarriers

Author: Benjamin Thierry, Peter Majewski, Aparajita Khatri, Pamela J. Russell, Zhe Yuan, Fares Al-Ejeh, Michael P. Brown, Sue Ping, Thierry, Benjamin, Al-Ejeh, Fares, Khatri, Aparajita, Yuan, Zhe, Russell, Pamela J, Ping, Sue, Brown, Michael P, and Majewski, Peter
Subjects: Materials science, Nanostructure, Cell Survival, Static Electricity, Shell (structure), Metal Nanoparticles, cisplatin, Nanotechnology, Antineoplastic Agents, nanobiotechnology, Catalysis, Core shell, Magnetics, Cell Line, Tumor, Neoplasms, Static electricity, Materials Chemistry, Humans, cancer, therapy, Molecular Structure, nanocarriers, Metals and Alloys, General Chemistry, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Ceramics and Composites, Magnetic nanoparticles, Nanocarriers, Cisplatin, core–shell nanostructures
Abstract: Towards an integrated multifunctional nanocarrier, core–shell nanostructures have been developed using the electrostatic self-assembly of an organic shell onto magnetic nanoparticles. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
Published: 2009

141. Search for high frequency gravitational-wave bursts in the first calendar year of LIGO's fifth science run

Author: Robert Stone, Martin P McHugh, B. J. J. Slagmolen, R. L. Ward, Michael L. Gorodetsky, P. J. Sutton, Riccardo Bassiri, E. Maros, J. H. Romie, L. Cunningham, M. V. Plissi, Alberto Vecchio, L. Prokhorov, N. D. Smith, S. Saraf, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, Gavin Davies, B. Sears, S. Sakata, Rubab Khan, Miquel Trias, A. Mullavey, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, P. Patel, Malik Rakhmanov, L. Williams, A. Rüdiger, B. Lantz, B. Hughey, R. Riesen, R. Gustafson, Roland Schilling, Samuel J. Waldman, Vicky Kalogera, Y. Faltas, J. Dueck, C. Aulbert, Hartmut Grote, H. Yamamoto, T. Etzel, K. Flasch, A. Ivanov, H. Radkins, S. E. Strigin, C. Messenger, Yaohui Fan, Roman Schnabel, J. E. Brau, Nick Leindecker, J. Zweizig, Ping Koy Lam, R. M. S. Schofield, Neil J. Cornish, P. E. Lindquist, J. R. Taylor, Matthew Benacquista, Benjamin J. Owen, A. A. van Veggel, Efim A. Khazanov, Moritz Mehmet, M. Guenther, J. Myers, Shourov Chatterji, D. Fazi, Suvadeep Bose, Z. Frei, E. Myers, Christopher Wipf, K. V. Tokmakov, H. R. Williams, Z. Márka, M. R. Smith, Martin Hewitson, Junwei Cao, C. I. Torrie, D. R. Ingram, Phil Willems, A. Brummit, A. S. Sengupta, Chao Li, Tyson Littenberg, M. Bastarrika, Jonah Kanner, Badri Krishnan, Mark A. Satterthwaite, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, V. Raymond, N. A. Lockerbie, J. Slutsky, Imre Bartos, S. P. Vyachanin, M. Brinkmann, David Coward, Christian Röver, Chunnong Zhao, David H. Shoemaker, P. Lu, O. Burmeister, S. Goßler, N. A. Robertson, I. Wilmut, C. Torres, C. Barker, D. Hoyland, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, E. Black, J. R. Smith, R. Bork, Sarah Caudill, Miguel Díaz, Lisa M. Goggin, R. Gouaty, B. Daudert, Seiji Kawamura, Reinhard Prix, Elizabeth Harstad, M. A. Barton, C. M. Mow-Lowry, J. C. Dumas, D.B. DeBra, Osamu Miyakawa, David H. Reitze, Fabio Postiglione, P. Kwee, K. A. Thorne, F. Matichard, P. J. Veitch, D. Hammer, John Worden, J. Garofoli, P. Savov, James Whelan, T. Nash, G. H. Ogin, J. S. Kissel, B. Johnson, D. Kasprzyk, Jan Harms, F. Seifert, Benno Willke, Alessandra Buonanno, S. R. P. Mohapatra, B. F. Whiting, Peter Kalmus, P. Ajith, Soumya D. Mohanty, Laura Cadonati, Roger Jones, C. Van Den Broeck, Evan Goetz, N. Zotov, K. Mason, K. Kawabe, G. S. Allen, S. M. Aston, B. Rivera, Pablo Barriga, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Paul Roberts, M. Mageswaran, R. M. Martin, Keisuke Goda, K. Mailand, Maurizio Longo, R. Mittleman, Susan M. Scott, Teviet Creighton, S. Meshkov, M. Scanlan, Xavier Siemens, Erik Katsavounidis, P. G. Murray, Vincenzo Galdi, Nelson Christensen, Chad Hanna, Lutz Winkelmann, S. H. Huttner, M. J. Lubinski, John G. Dwyer, John Veitch, Yi Chen, J. H. Hough, Andrew Melatos, B. Schulz, A. Dietz, C. T. Y. Chung, Michael E Zucker, Hansheng Lei, S. L. Danilishin, Albert Lazzarini, J. Betzwieser, Rajesh Kumar, M. MacInnis, Vladimir B. Braginsky, I. Leonor, John K. Cannizzo, R. S. Amin, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, K. L. Dooley, H. Overmier, Tom Fricke, Lisa Barsotti, I. Duke, Kipp Cannon, S. Penn, R. S. Ottens, Douglas R. Cook, D. Sellers, J. Villadsen, Michele Zanolin, E. J. Daw, E. Espinoza, M. Weinert, S. Kandhasamy, Simon Chelkowski, Pamela J. Russell, M. Ito, J. Heefner, R. Grosso, K. D. Giardina, K. Kokeyama, K. Mors, D. Hoak, John A. Clark, Patrick Brady, D. Barker, G. D. Hammond, A. Franzen, Stefan Hild, S. Roddy, P. Baker, D. J. Hosken, Chad Forrest, J. G. Rollins, G. McIntyre, A. M. Sintes, Yasushi Mino, Lee Samuel Finn, A. Cumming, A. Effler, J. Minelli, C. Gray, Leo C. Stein, Kris Ryan, A. M. Gretarsson, M. A. Arain, Gregory M. Harry, Guenakh Mitselmakher, J. K. Blackburn, Graham Woan, Robert L. Byer, A. M. Sergeev, Sheila Rowan, M. Lei, T. Morioka, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, Stuart Reid, H. Lin, A. L. Stuver, E. Chalkley, Michele Vallisneri, A. M. Cruise, Ik Siong Heng, S. Steplewski, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Kentaro Somiya, F. Grimaldi, Bernard F. Schutz, Thomas Cokelaer, O. Puncken, Andreas Freise, Vincenzo Pierro, Peter Fritschel, Li Ju, P. Shawhan, Kenji Numata, Emma L. Robinson, Matthew Pitkin, R. Wooley, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, Yoichi Aso, L. Wallace, Vuk Mandic, J. Hanson, P. Charlton, D. Muhammad, H. Rehbein, S. Foley, M. Frei, R. Frey, A. Di Credico, S. B. Anderson, Guido Mueller, P. J. King, B. Shapiro, Ruslan Vaulin, David B. Tanner, S. P. Tarabrin, I. A. Bilenko, V. Dergachev, A. G. Wiseman, Evan Ochsner, David J. Ottaway, J. A. Giaime, John Nelson, M. Sung, V. V. Frolov, A. C. Searle, A. J. Weinstein, Antonio Lucianetti, I. Gholami, W. Wu, D. C. Coyne, V. Parameshwaraiah, J. Ulmen, P. T. Beyersdorf, M. V. van der Sluys, A. J. Stein, H. J. Pletsch, G. Traylor, Thomas Corbitt, M. Pedraza, Jolien D. E. Creighton, D. F. Menéndez, M. Landry, Maria Alessandra Papa, S. Caride, Lindy Blackburn, P. Sarin, Kirk McKenzie, K. Holt, H. Fehrmann, L. Tang, N. Fotopoulos, C. Veltkamp, V. Sandberg, V. Kondrashov, Karsten Danzmann, C. Robinson, Benjamin William Allen, R. DeSalvo, D. S. Rabeling, Slawomir Gras, Supriyo Sinha, Stanislav Babak, B. Sorazu, David Jones, A. Grant, A. Thüring, Marco Cavaglia, L. Zhang, A. C. Melissinos, John D. Scott, T. Z. Summerscales, E. E. Doomes, R. A. Mercer, Duncan A. Brown, A. W. Heptonstall, Peter R. Saulson, R. Abbott, L. Sancho De La Jordana, Matthew P. Edgar, E. Hirose, R. M. Culter, Jesper Munch, Giuseppe Castaldi, H. Müller-Ebhardt, C. Echols, K. Haughian, F. J. Raab, P. Ehrens, Walter Winkler, A. S. Markosyan, Kazuhiro Hayama, Jon M. Miller, R. Taylor, Harald Lück, G. Billingsley, H. Mukhopadhyay, D. Talukder, C. Pankow, I. W. Harry, K. Wette, Timothy Evans, S. C. McGuire, D. J. A. McKechan, S. Wen, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, S. Giampanis, T. P. Bodiya, Ilya Mandel, G. Moreno, Malcolm B. Gray, Peter Aufmuth, B. Moe, I. W. Martin, Richard A. Matzner, Helena Armandula, P. Raffai, M. C. Araya, J. N. Marx, J. O'Dell, Ke-Xun Sun, Rana X. Adhikari, Gareth Jones, B. Machenschalk, F. Donovan, N. Rainer, Fumiko Kawazoe, K. A. Hodge, J. Thacker, Shin'ichirou Yoshida, G. Mendell, Soma Mukherjee, Drew Keppel, Zewu Yan, Carlos Cepeda, Robert J. McCarthy, Linqing Wen, J. H. Clayton, Karel E. Urbanek, D. O. Bridges, Shuichi Sato, A. F. Brooks, D. Lodhia, G. P. Newton, M. Fyffe, V. Boschi, Joseph D. Romano, I. Yakushin, S. E. Whitcomb, Shantanu Desai, Gabriela Gonzalez, J. M. Hallam, Jared Markowitz, Kip S. Thorne, T. Chalermsongsak, Kasem Mossavi, T. Reed, A. Perraca, A. Stochino, Alexander Khalaidovski, V. P. Mitrofanov, B. Bland, G. Brunet, Z. Raics, Jordan Camp, Boris Hage, Stephen Fairhurst, C. Wilkinson, G. P. Szokoly, S. Grunewald, S. Márka, A. Stroeer, Kenneth A. Strain, B. O'Reilly, Yi Pan, A. E. Villar, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, Matthew Evans, L. Cardenas, S. Klimenko, D. B. Kozak, C. Vorvick, Maik Frede, A. Weidner, P. Schwinberg, H. Zur Mühlen, W. G. Anderson, B. P. Abbott, E. K. Gustafson, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, D. E. Clark, S. Vass, Jian Zhang, Roberto Conte, W. Kells, Lucía Santamaría, Scott Koranda, D. Ugolini, L. Matone, M. Lormand, A. Sibley, A. Bullington, Rahul Biswas, L. Bogue, R. L. Savage, P. Armor, T. Isogai, F. Y. Khalili, C. N. Colacino, C. M. Reed, M. S. Meyer, Rainer Weiss, R. W. P. Drever, W. W. Johnson, David Blair, B. Behnke, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, LSC Collaboration, The, Castaldi, G., Galdi, V., Pierro, V., Pinto, I. M., and Principe, M.
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Theoretical models, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, LIGO, Gravitation, Interferometry, Frequentist inference, Sky, Range (statistics), QC, QB, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, media_common
Abstract: We present an all-sky search for gravitational waves in the frequency range 1 to 6 kHz during the first calendar year of LIGO's fifth science run. This is the first untriggered LIGO burst analysis to be conducted above 3 kHz. We discuss the unique properties of interferometric data in this regime. 161.3 days of triple-coincident data were analyzed. No gravitational events above threshold were observed and a frequentist upper limit of 5.4 events per year on the rate of strong gravitational wave bursts was placed at a 90% confidence level. Implications for specific theoretical models of gravitational wave emission are also discussed., Comment: 13 pages, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Published: 2009

142. Search for Gravitational Waves from Low Mass Binary Coalescences in the First Year of LIGO’s S5 Data

Author: John A. Clark, V. Kondrashov, Michele Vallisneri, Ik Siong Heng, S. Steplewski, Emma L. Robinson, S. P. Tarabrin, Gregory Ely, John Nelson, R. DeSalvo, E. E. Doomes, L. Sancho De La Jordana, Keisuke Goda, Andreas Freise, Vincenzo Pierro, Alexander Khalaidovski, C. Echols, R. L. Ward, A. E. Villar, Matthew Pitkin, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, Rana X. Adhikari, C. Gray, Benno Willke, Erik Katsavounidis, S. H. Huttner, B. Bland, B. Machenschalk, G. Brunet, R. Taylor, F. Donovan, R. Wooley, Malcolm B. Gray, M. J. Lubinski, John G. Dwyer, Alessandra Buonanno, K. A. Hodge, Andrew Melatos, B. Schulz, P. J. Sutton, Seiji Kawamura, E. Myers, O. Punken, M. Frei, J. Dueck, Kentaro Somiya, Z. Raics, Kenji Numata, A. Dietz, J. Garofoli, T. P. Bodiya, Jan Harms, Reinhard Prix, A. Effler, Elizabeth Harstad, M. R. Smith, A. S. Sengupta, C. Aulbert, Tyson Littenberg, P. Raffai, Cheng Li, Rajesh Kumar, Vladimir B. Braginsky, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, Fumiko Kawazoe, Badri Krishnan, J. H. Romie, E. Hirose, L. Cunningham, F. J. Raab, S. Saraf, H. Lin, Jordan Camp, E. Chalkley, J. Thacker, E. Espinoza, Osamu Miyakawa, C. M. Mow-Lowry, Soma Mukherjee, Drew Keppel, P. Ehrens, David H. Reitze, R. Gustafson, K. Mailand, Chunnong Zhao, I. Leonor, John K. Cannizzo, M. Bastarrika, Zewu Yan, David H. Shoemaker, H. Müller-Ebhardt, P. Shawhan, K. Wette, Timothy Evans, Helena Armandula, J. O'Dell, P. Charlton, Stephen Fairhurst, Z. Frei, Maurizio Longo, H. Yamamoto, M. Weinert, K. Mors, Evan Goetz, P. Lu, O. Burmeister, C. I. Torrie, B. F. Whiting, Walter Winkler, C. D. Capano, A. S. Markosyan, N. Rainer, A. F. Brooks, S. Goßler, I. A. Bilenko, V. Dergachev, I. Duke, C. Van Den Broeck, Harald Lück, David J. Ottaway, C. Barker, D. Sigg, B. Moe, S. W. Ballmer, S. E. Strigin, V. Raymond, Jonah Kanner, D. R. Ingram, Shantanu Desai, Kip S. Thorne, T. Chalermsongsak, Phil Willems, R. Mittleman, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, A. L. Stuver, Gavin Davies, B. Johnson, J. C. Dumas, B. Behnke, H. Mukhopadhyay, T. Reed, C. T. Y. Chung, Michael E Zucker, P. Sarin, M. Ito, G. Moreno, Roman Schnabel, Paul Roberts, J. E. Brau, A. A. van Veggel, B. Sears, N. A. Lockerbie, Nick Leindecker, Albert Lazzarini, D. Kasprzyk, S. C. McGuire, J. Zweizig, A. Brummit, Nelson Christensen, E. J. Daw, D. J. A. McKechan, Tom Fricke, I. Wilmut, Samuel J. Waldman, Robert Stone, S. Giampanis, David Jones, M. C. Araya, Antonio Lucianetti, Efim A. Khazanov, Moritz Mehmet, D. Hoyland, J. Ulmen, Jon M. Miller, A. Perraca, A. Stochino, P. Savov, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, James Whelan, I. Yakushin, V. P. Mitrofanov, Marco Cavaglia, S. E. Whitcomb, Ilya Mandel, A. W. Heptonstall, Peter R. Saulson, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, S. Meshkov, R. Abbott, A. Cumming, P. Ajith, Yaohui Fan, K. D. Giardina, J. R. Taylor, Kipp Cannon, Giuseppe Castaldi, K. Kokeyama, J. S. Kissel, Kevin M. Ryan, Boris Hage, G. Billingsley, H. R. Williams, P. G. Murray, R. S. Ottens, Roger Jones, Martin P McHugh, B. J. J. Slagmolen, P. Baker, M. A. Barton, Kirk McKenzie, J. H. Hough, J. Minelli, Roberto Conte, Soumya D. Mohanty, J. Betzwieser, Scott Koranda, Douglas R. Cook, A. Franzen, D. J. Hosken, Riccardo Bassiri, Matthew Evans, L. Cardenas, L. Matone, H. Overmier, D.B. DeBra, Michele Zanolin, N. Zotov, S. Sakata, E. Maros, V. Kalogera, A. Lundgren, D. Sellers, K. Mason, K. Kawabe, S. M. Aston, G. D. Hammond, Marco Aurelio Diaz, A. M. Gretarsson, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Rubab Khan, A. Sibley, Miquel Trias, A. Mullavey, Sarah Caudill, Richard A. Matzner, K. Haughian, Kazuhiro Hayama, Fabio Postiglione, D. Talukder, B. Rivera, Pablo Barriga, Simon Chelkowski, M. Guenther, Hansheng Lei, Sanichiro Yoshida, J. G. Rollins, P. Kwee, K. A. Thorne, C. Pankow, Lisa M. Goggin, B. Sorazu, R. M. Martin, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, P. Patel, Malik Rakhmanov, J. Worden, R. Gouaty, B. Daudert, I. W. Harry, F. Matichard, M. Mageswaran, Carlos Cepeda, Robert J. McCarthy, J. Myers, S. Klimenko, M. Scanlan, Xavier Siemens, S. Penn, Pamela J. Russell, Leo C. Stein, L. Williams, A. Rüdiger, A. Thüring, Linqing Wen, P. J. Veitch, A. C. Melissinos, Patrick Brady, Shuichi Sato, Shourov Chatterji, D. Fazi, H. Rehbein, J. K. Blackburn, Suvadeep Bose, S. B. Anderson, S. Wen, G. McIntyre, Sheila Rowan, D. Ugolini, Mark A. Satterthwaite, T. Morioka, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, Graham Woan, R. Riesen, Laura Cadonati, Roland Schilling, D. Lodhia, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, Ruslan Vaulin, Z. Márka, Yi Chen, Susan M. Scott, Teviet Creighton, Evan Ochsner, Chad Hanna, A. J. Weinstein, I. Gholami, W. Wu, P. T. Beyersdorf, M. V. van der Sluys, C. Wilkinson, M. Landry, M. Lormand, Y. Faltas, A. Bullington, Rahul Biswas, Lutz Winkelmann, L. Bogue, John Veitch, A. M. Cruise, M. MacInnis, R. S. Amin, Vuk Mandic, M. A. Arain, Gregory M. Harry, M. Lei, J. A. Giaime, H. Fehrmann, L. Tang, T. Z. Summerscales, V. Boschi, Joseph D. Romano, Jared Markowitz, C. Robinson, Kasem Mossavi, Benjamin William Allen, Karsten Danzmann, Slawomir Gras, Alberto Vecchio, Vincenzo Galdi, L. Prokhorov, N. D. Smith, B. Hughey, Stefan Hild, Yasushi Mino, David B. Tanner, G. T. Jones, M. Sung, M. Pedraza, A. Grant, Maria Alessandra Papa, N. A. Robertson, S. L. Danilishin, D. Hammer, F. Seifert, Ke Sun, Bernard F. Schutz, Li Ju, L. Zhang, J. Hanson, Guido Mueller, K. L. Dooley, Lisa Barsotti, S. R. P. Mohapatra, Peter Kalmus, A. J. Stein, B. Lantz, Peter Fritschel, D. F. Menéndez, D. Muhammad, R. M. S. Schofield, Matthew Benacquista, S. Foley, I. W. Martin, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, Benjamin J. Owen, G. S. Allen, Christopher Wipf, A. C. Searle, K. V. Tokmakov, H. J. Pletsch, G. Traylor, Thomas Corbitt, Martin Hewitson, Junwei Cao, S. Kandhasamy, C. M. Reed, V. Laljani, M. S. Meyer, N. Fotopoulos, C. Veltkamp, Rainer Weiss, R. W. P. Drever, W. W. Johnson, David Blair, D. Barker, S. Roddy, Chad Forrest, A. M. Sintes, G. P. Szokoly, Lee Samuel Finn, S. Grunewald, D. B. Kozak, C. Vorvick, Maik Frede, A. Weidner, P. Schwinberg, Guenakh Mitselmakher, H. Zur Mühlen, W. G. Anderson, A. M. Sergeev, B. P. Abbott, E. K. Gustafson, D. E. Clark, S. Vass, Jian Zhang, W. Kells, Lucía Santamaría, Innocenzo M. Pinto, R. L. Savage, P. Armor, F. Grimaldi, T. Isogai, Thomas Cokelaer, C. Torres, F. Y. Khalili, C. N. Colacino, Yoichi Aso, Jolien D. E. Creighton, L. Wallace, R. Frey, S. Caride, P. J. King, B. Shapiro, Lindy Blackburn, A. G. Wiseman, D. C. Coyne, K. Holt, V. Sandberg, K. Flasch, A. Ivanov, H. Radkins, S. P. Vyachanin, M. Brinkmann, David Coward, Christian Röver, D. S. Rabeling, D. Hoak, Michael L. Gorodetsky, M. V. Plissi, John D. Scott, R. A. Mercer, Hartmut Grote, Matthew P. Edgar, R. M. Culter, Jesper Munch, Neil J. Cornish, P. E. Lindquist, S. Márka, A. Stroeer, Kenneth A. Strain, V. V. Frolov, V. Parameshwaraiah, B. O'Reilly, Supriyo Sinha, Stanislav Babak, Duncan A. Brown, Yi Pan, Peter Aufmuth, T. Etzel, J. N. Marx, J. Slutsky, Imre Bartos, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, E. Black, J. R. Smith, R. Bork, T. Nash, G. H. Ogin, G. Mendell, J. H. Clayton, Karel E. Urbanek, D. O. Bridges, G. P. Newton, M. Fyffe, Gabriela Gonzalez, J. M. Hallam, C. Messenger, Ping Koy Lam, J. Heefner, R. Grosso, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, LSC Collaboration, The, Castaldi, G., Galdi, V., Pierro, V., Pinto, I. M., and Principe, M.
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, education.field_of_study, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Mass distribution, Gravitational wave, Population, X-ray binary, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, LIGO, Neutron star, Binary black hole, education, Low Mass, QC, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, QB
Abstract: We have searched for gravitational waves from coalescing low mass compact binary systems with a total mass between 2 and 35 Msun and a minimum component mass of 1 Msun using data from the first year of the fifth science run (S5) of the three LIGO detectors, operating at design sensitivity. Depending on mass, we are sensitive to coalescences as far as 150 Mpc from the Earth. No gravitational wave signals were observed above the expected background. Assuming a compact binary objects population with a Gaussian mass distribution representing binary neutron star systems, black hole-neutron star binary systems, and binary black hole systems, we calculate the 90%-confidence upper limit on the rate of coalescences to be 3.9 \times 10^{-2} yr^{-1} L_{10}^{-1}, 1.1 \times 10^{-2} yr^{-1} L_{10}^{-1}, and 2.5 \times 10^{-3} yr^{-1} L_{10}^{-1} respectively, where $L_{10}$ is $10^{10}$ times the blue solar luminosity. We also set improved upper limits on the rate of compact binary coalescences per unit blue-light luminosity, as a function of mass., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; changes associated with referee comments, inclusion of recent LIGO calibration data, fixing small error in upper limit calculation
Published: 2009

143. Tryptic Digestion of In-Gel Proteins for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Author: Bradley J. Walsh, Mai Loan Huynh, and Pamela J. Russell
Subjects: Electrophoresis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chromatography, Digestion (alchemy), Protein mass spectrometry, Chemistry, Polyacrylamide, medicine, Target protein, Mass spectrometry, Trypsin, Sample preparation in mass spectrometry, medicine.drug
Abstract: Identification and characterization of proteins are ultimately the goal in proteomic analysis. In order to identify a protein trypsin is commonly used to digest protein into peptides which can be analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This chapter describes a tryptic digestion method for digestion of proteins in one-dimensional (1DE) or two-dimensional (2DE) polyacrylamide gels. The method involves cutting target protein bands or spots, removal of protein stain, reduction and alkylation of native protein, digestion and finally extraction of peptides for mass spectrometry analysis. The method is simple and reasonably sensitive that many in-gel proteins that are barely visible with Coomassie blue stain have been successfully identified.
Published: 2009
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144. Active Protease Mapping in 2DE Gels

Author: Pamela J. Russell and Zhenjun Zhao
Subjects: Electrophoresis, Hydrolysis, Proteases, Protease, Biochemistry, Chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, Milli-Q, medicine, Biological activity, Fluorescence, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Abstract: Proteases act as the molecular mediators of many vital biological processes. To understand the function of each protease, it needs to be separated from other proteins and characterized in its natural, biologically active form. In the method described in this chapter, proteases in a biological sample are separated under nonreducing conditions in 2DE gels. A specific small protease substrate, tagged with a fluorescent dye, is copolymerized into the SDS gel in the second dimension. After electrophoresis, the proteins are renatured by washing the gel with Triton X-100 solution or Milli Q water to remove SDS. The gel is then incubated in a protease assay buffer. The hydrolysis of the tagged specific substrate by the renatured protease releases the free fluorescent dye, which fluoresces in situ. The fluorescent spots indicate the location of the specific proteases in the gel and the specificity of the proteases.
Published: 2009
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145. Growth and metastasis of human bladder cancer xenografts in the bladder of nude rats

Author: K. Z. Walker, I. Ho Shon, G. R. Boniface, Pamela J. Russell, M. E. Izard, Jeanette Philips, and Derek Raghavan
Subjects: Male, Nephrology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Urology, medicine.medical_treatment, Monoclonal antibody, Metastasis, Iodine Radioisotopes, Rats, Nude, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Intravesical route, Aged, Radioisotopes, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, Samarium, Bladder cancer, business.industry, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Cancer, Radioimmunotherapy, medicine.disease, Rats, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Cell culture, Cancer research, Female, business, Neoplasm Transplantation
Abstract: A potentially useful therapeutic approach to the treatment of human bladder cancer is intravesical therapy with radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). We have established an animal model to study this approach. Inoculation of cloned 2B8 cells derived from the human bladder cancer cell line, UCRU-BL-17, into the bladder wall of nude rats pre-irradiated with 900 rads, resulted in local tumour growth in 39/40 (97.5%) animals, with invasion or metastases to distant organs in 25% of cases. Both the bladder tumours and the metastases were morphologically similar to the original biopsy sample from which the cell line, UCRU-BL-17, was established. The cells were of human origin, as shown by expression of HLA antigens, Alu probing, and cytogenetic analysis. Preliminary studies indicated that i.p. injection of anti-human bladder cancer monoclonal antibody (MAb), BLCA-38, radiolabelled with either iodine 131 or samarium 153 (153Sm), resulted in tumour localisation, with tumour-to-blood ratios of 5.04 (131I), and 4.3 and 3.1 (153Sm) respectively. We now aim to examine the efficacy of the intravesical route for radioimmunotherapy in the nude rat model. This model will also serve for preclinical studies on the efficacy of systemically injected radioimmunoconjugates for control of metastatic growth.
Published: 1991
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146. Search for gravitational-wave bursts from soft gamma repeaters

Author: H. Yamamoto, Seiji Kawamura, Reinhard Prix, A. Effler, Elizabeth Harstad, N. A. Lockerbie, Osamu Miyakawa, David H. Reitze, I. Leonor, P. Savov, James Whelan, P. Ajith, L. Zhang, I. Duke, S. Penn, Pamela J. Russell, Roger K. Route, Jordan Camp, A. L. Stuver, E. Hirose, M. R. Smith, A. S. Sengupta, G. McIntyre, V. V. Frolov, V. Parameshwaraiah, K. A. Thorne, A. Cumming, Antonio Lucianetti, T. Meier, J. Dalrymple, Malcolm B. Gray, V. Kondrashov, K. D. Giardina, J. Thacker, Soma Mukherjee, Drew Keppel, Zewu Yan, P. G. Murray, Michael E Zucker, J. H. Hough, Stefan Hild, Douglas R. Cook, Michele Zanolin, J. Ulmen, M. A. Arain, R. DeSalvo, Supriyo Sinha, H. Müller-Ebhardt, E. E. Doomes, Gregory M. Harry, Stanislav Babak, N. Fotopoulos, M. Lei, H. Overmier, L. Sancho De La Jordana, D. Sellers, Giuseppe Castaldi, Peter Fritschel, Duncan A. Brown, M. Bastarrika, Kirk McKenzie, J. Minelli, Kipp Cannon, A. M. Gretarsson, S. Barthelmy, Simon Chelkowski, M. Guenther, D. Palmer, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, L. Cardenas, Patrick Brady, Michael Landry, R. S. Ottens, F. Ya. Khalili, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, Benno Willke, J. Clark, A. Rodriguez, L. Ruet, G. Billingsley, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, B. Bland, G. Brunet, Gavin Davies, D. Barker, T. Etzel, B. Sears, I. Wilmut, F. Kawazoe, J. Garofoli, S. Klimenko, I. W. Martin, Samuel J. Waldman, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, H. Bantilan, Vicky Kalogera, J. S. Kissel, B. Sorazu, C. Barker, H. Rehbein, R. L. Savage, P. Armor, S. Gossler, A. M. Rogan, S. Márka, S. B. Anderson, H. J. Pletsch, C. Torres, H. Fehrmann, Ruslan Vaulin, Yaohui Fan, Kevin M. Ryan, Kenneth A. Strain, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Sheila Rowan, M. A. Barton, S. Roddy, A. Thüring, A. C. Melissinos, A. E. Villar, Kazuhiro Hayama, Roberto Conte, C. Aulbert, C. Pankow, Marco Aurelio Diaz, Sanichiro Yoshida, G. McIvor, David B. Tanner, L. Matone, Kevin Hurley, T. Z. Summerscales, Alessandra Buonanno, C. Messenger, R. J. Dupuis, D.B. DeBra, G. Traylor, Thomas Corbitt, Roger Jones, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, Graham Woan, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, T. Petrie, S. Wen, Stephen Fairhurst, J. Myers, B. C. Barish, A. M. Sintes, P. Aufmuth, Fabio Postiglione, J. Heefner, R. Grosso, Shourov Chatterji, Robert Stone, P. Kwee, P. Sarin, Walter Winkler, A. S. Markosyan, Laura Cadonati, Harald Lück, Rainer Weiss, D. Fazi, Suvadeep Bose, A. F. Brooks, F. Matichard, Chunnong Zhao, David H. Shoemaker, R. W. P. Drever, B. O'Reilly, Lee Samuel Finn, Z. Márka, M. Sung, S. Giampanis, C. Robinson, Benjamin William Allen, Karsten Danzmann, M. Pedraza, J. Betzwieser, H. Mukhopadhyay, Martin P McHugh, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, A. Sibley, Bernard F. Schutz, Li Ju, Ping Koy Lam, W. W. Johnson, Maria Alessandra Papa, Badri Krishnan, Alberto Vecchio, J. Hanson, P. J. Veitch, P. Lu, O. Burmeister, S. C. McGuire, D. J. A. McKechan, B. J. J. Slagmolen, Yi Pan, Susan M. Scott, Antony C. Searle, K. Kawabe, S. M. Aston, J. Slutsky, Imre Bartos, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, I. Yakushin, C. M. Mow-Lowry, B. Rivera, S. E. Whitcomb, Hirotaka Takahashi, David Blair, N. D. Smith, Ik Siong Heng, E. Black, Guido Mueller, Martin M. Fejer, J. R. Smith, A. Perreca, E. Maros, D. Ugolini, Vuk Mandic, S. H. Huttner, B. Johnson, M. Lormand, Slawomir Gras, Pablo Barriga, Emma L. Robinson, Kent Blackburn, Chad Hanna, Guenakh Mitselmakher, D. Kasprzyk, M. Mageswaran, M. M. Lang, Andreas Freise, J. N. Marx, T. Nash, John Nelson, M. Samidi, David Jones, K. Mailand, C. Wilkinson, C. Echols, J. E. Brau, M. Rakhmanov, J. A. Giaime, N. A. Robertson, Richard A. Matzner, Matthew Pitkin, R. Mittleman, S. Sakata, Rubab Khan, Nelson Christensen, R. Wooley, Miquel Trias, G. H. Ogin, Innocenzo M. Pinto, F. Grimaldi, C. Gray, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, P. Patel, J. Worden, Thomas Cokelaer, E. Myers, L. Williams, D. Hammer, A. Rüdiger, M. Degree, F. Seifert, T. Hayler, S. Kamat, John S. Markowitz, Kentaro Somiya, B. Lantz, J. Dickson, C. I. Torrie, Jan Harms, Jonah Kanner, G. Mendell, A. Bullington, Rahul Biswas, J. C. Dumas, R. Riesen, Kenji Numata, Yoichi Aso, L. Wallace, M. Ramsunder, L. Bogue, R. Frey, Roland Schilling, P. Ehrens, Albert Lazzarini, Tom Fricke, R. Taylor, M. Ito, P. J. King, Peter Kalmus, R. Bork, Karel E. Urbanek, A. G. Wiseman, A. Heptonstall, K. Kokeyama, K. Wette, Timothy Evans, A. Dietz, G. S. Allen, T. P. Bodiya, D. C. Coyne, D. R. Ingram, Phil Willems, S. Grunewald, D. J. Hosken, G. P. Newton, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, D. Hoak, J. G. Rollins, R. M. Cutler, H. Ward, M. Fyffe, Gabriela Gonzalez, J. S. Miller, R. M. S. Schofield, Chonghoon Kim, D. M. Strom, G. Moreno, J. M. Hallam, Leo C. Stein, M. V. Plissi, Shantanu Desai, Kip S. Thorne, Lisa M. Goggin, R. Gouaty, Evan Goetz, Hartmut Grote, Benjamin J. Owen, Kenneth G. Libbrecht, D. B. Kozak, A. Stochino, C. Vorvick, V. P. Mitrofanov, John Veitch, M. C. Araya, Sascha Schediwy, P. E. Lindquist, Boris Hage, Peter R. Saulson, M. MacInnis, Helena Armandula, R. S. Amin, Christopher Wipf, K. V. Tokmakov, J. O'Dell, Ke-Xun Sun, N. Rainer, Martin Hewitson, Junwei Cao, D. Meyers, P. Schwinberg, W. G. Anderson, Carlos Cepeda, Robert J. McCarthy, S. Meshkov, B. P. Abbott, E. K. Gustafson, D. E. Clark, Shuichi Sato, D. Lodhia, Neil Gehrels, V. Boschi, Joseph D. Romano, S. Vass, Jian Zhang, Kasem Mossavi, W. Kells, J. Cannizzo, K. L. Dooley, I. Kozhevatov, Rana X. Adhikari, Gareth Jones, B. Machenschalk, F. Donovan, B. Moe, R. L. Ward, T. Casebolt, P. J. Sutton, J. H. Romie, K. Bayer, L. Cunningham, F. J. Raab, S. Saraf, R. Gustafson, Keisuke Goda, Erik Katsavounidis, Nick Leindecker, J. Zweizig, M. J. Lubinski, John G. Dwyer, Vladimir B. Braginsky, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, E. Espinoza, M. Weinert, Soumya D. Mohanty, N. Zotov, Roman Schnabel, K. Mason, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Subhasish Mitra, Efim A. Khazanov, H. R. Williams, R. M. Martin, Xavier Siemens, Richard J. Abbott, V. Leonhardt, A. J. Weinstein, I. Gholami, W. Wu, P. T. Beyersdorf, M. V. van der Sluys, Yi Chen, M. Hennessy, H. Lin, E. Chalkley, A. Grant, P. Shawhan, P. Charlton, K. Flasch, A. Ivanov, H. Radkins, S. P. Vyachanin, M. Brinkmann, W. Tyler, B. F. Whiting, C. Van Den Broeck, I. A. Bilenko, V. Dergachev, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Lindy Blackburn, V. Sandberg, David J. Ottaway, D. S. Rabeling, R. A. Mercer, Jesper Munch, LSC Collaboration, The, Castaldi, G., Pinto, I. M., Principe, M., and The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
Subjects: Physics, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Soft gamma repeater, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, LIGO, law.invention, Neutron star, Physics and Astronomy (all), law, Gamma-ray burst, Noise (radio), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QC, QB, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Flare
Abstract: We present the results of a LIGO search for short-duration gravitational waves (GWs) associated with Soft Gamma Repeater (SGR) bursts. This is the first search sensitive to neutron star f-modes, usually considered the most efficient GW emitting modes. We find no evidence of GWs associated with any SGR burst in a sample consisting of the 27 Dec. 2004 giant flare from SGR 1806-20 and 190 lesser events from SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14 which occurred during the first year of LIGO's fifth science run. GW strain upper limits and model-dependent GW emission energy upper limits are estimated for individual bursts using a variety of simulated waveforms. The unprecedented sensitivity of the detectors allows us to set the most stringent limits on transient GW amplitudes published to date. We find upper limit estimates on the model-dependent isotropic GW emission energies (at a nominal distance of 10 kpc) between 3x10^45 and 9x10^52 erg depending on waveform type, detector antenna factors and noise characteristics at the time of the burst. These upper limits are within the theoretically predicted range of some SGR models., Comment: 6 pages, 1 Postscript figure
Published: 2008

147. Radiotherapy in larynx squamous cell carcinoma is not associated with an increased diagnosis of second primary tumours

Author: Pamela J. Russell, Robert Smee, Charles Geoffrey Gordon Rees, Ross Darius Farhadieh, Jia-Lin Yang, and Arash Salardini
Subjects: Larynx, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Risk Assessment, Internal medicine, Carcinoma, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Laryngeal Neoplasms, Survival analysis, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Australia, Cancer, Retrospective cohort study, Neoplasms, Second Primary, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, Survival Analysis, Radiation therapy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Multivariate Analysis, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Disease Progression, business
Abstract: Aims: Larynx cancer is the most common form of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Radiotherapy is a major treatment modality and is implicated in the possible formation of second primary tumours (SPT). The aims of this retrospective study were to establish the incidence of SPTs and their correlation with previous radiotherapy and to establish overall survival and the SPT diagnostic time lag from the index tumour according to subtype as well as radiotherapy status. Materials and methods: In a retrospective study of 987 patients with larynx SCCs (1967-2004) associations between radiotherapy, diagnosis of SPTs, median SPT diagnostic time lag, disease-free survival and overall survival were analysed. Results: In total, 184 (18.6%) patients developed metachronous SPTs with an overall survival of 93.0 (standard error 6.8 months). One hundred and seventy (92.4%) underwent radiotherapy, whereas 14 (7.6%) patients were not exposed to radiotherapy. No significant increased incidence of SPT was shown in the radiotherapy group. A statistically non-significant increase in SPT diagnostic time lag trend was noted for both HNSCC SPTs (radiotherapy vs non-radiotherapy; 76.0 [standard error 6.7] vs 50.0 [standard error 23.0]) and lung SPTs (45.0 [standard error 12.1] vs 24.0 [standard error 4.9]) months. Conclusion: This study suggests that radiotherapy is not a risk for SPT induction; it may, however, neutralise a proportion of cancerised fields in the lung and head and neck areas without any significant benefit on overall survival.
Published: 2008

148. Search for gravitational waves from binary inspirals in S3 and S4 LIGO data

Author: S. Márka, Kenneth A. Strain, B. O'Reilly, Yi Pan, B. Lee, D. Hoak, J. N. Marx, M. Fyffe, M. V. Plissi, Hartmut Grote, P. E. Lindquist, B. Bhawal, R. Bork, Benno Willke, J. Clark, L. Ruet, Soumya D. Mohanty, N. Zotov, Jordan Camp, Alessandra Buonanno, Rana X. Adhikari, J. Zhang, S. H. Huttner, V. Leonhardt, David Jones, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, J. Bogenstahl, Michael E Zucker, Nicolás Yunes, E. Innerhofer, S. Giampanis, A. Dietz, K. Mason, A. J. Weinstein, I. Gholami, W. Wu, P. T. Beyersdorf, B. Machenschalk, V. Boschi, S. Ray-Majumder, T. Meier, J. Dalrymple, G. Newton, A. M. Cruise, R.L. Coldwell, C. N. Colacino, P. J. Sutton, Chunnong Zhao, David H. Shoemaker, P. Cochrane, M. Degree, N. A. Robertson, S. Chelkowski, R. Grosso, L. Zhang, Peter R. Saulson, O. Burmeister, C. Vorvick, Yi Chen, Roman Schnabel, Vuk Mandic, R. P. Croce, J. Heefner, M. Ito, Subhasish Mitra, D. Hammer, Matthew Evans, F. Seifert, A. Grant, S. Sakata, R. L. Ward, Michael C. B. Ashley, E. Chin, Walter Winkler, Harald Lück, B. Johnson, L. Cardenas, D. Kasprzyk, F. Ya. Khalili, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, A. Weidner, D. Meyers, C. Gray, Miquel Trias, P. Schwinberg, S. C. McGuire, M. Samidi, B. Lantz, Michele Vallisneri, Ik Siong Heng, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, A. L. Stuver, Giuseppe Castaldi, P. Patel, Malik Rakhmanov, J. Worden, L. Williams, A. Rüdiger, Emma L. Robinson, A. Ivanov, Peter Kalmus, Marco Aurelio Diaz, J. H. Romie, K. Bayer, H. Zur Mühlen, W. G. Anderson, S. Grunewald, A. M. Rogan, Carlo Ungarelli, H. Yamamoto, N. Fotopoulos, R. Rahkola, Vincenzo Matta, H. Radkins, Damien Mudge, Keisuke Goda, S. Saraf, Gavin Davies, R. Riesen, S. P. Vyachanin, F. J. Raab, P. Shawhan, Andreas Freise, Vincenzo Pierro, Stefano Marano, S. Penn, Pamela J. Russell, Roberto Conte, C. Aulbert, Erik Katsavounidis, B. P. Abbott, Roland Schilling, P. Charlton, M. Brinkmann, W. Tyler, B. Sears, Roger K. Route, Vicky Kalogera, C. A. Cantley, Matthew Pitkin, C. Messenger, M. Mageswaran, A. Bullington, Rahul Biswas, K. A. Thorne, C. Robinson, M. Lormand, L. Matone, S. Wen, D. Jackrel, John G. Dwyer, A. Di Credico, L. Bogue, Sean T. McWilliams, K. S. Ganezer, I. Yakushin, K. Watts, David Coward, Laura Cadonati, K. Kawabe, D. Ugolini, Hirotaka Takahashi, M. Varvella, R. Wooley, Benjamin William Allen, Stefan Hild, V. Parameshwaraiah, Vladimir B. Braginsky, Karsten Danzmann, W. Kells, S. Dhurandhar, L. Ribichini, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, E. Espinoza, R. J. Dupuis, R. Gustafson, T. Hayler, S. Vass, H. Bantilan, Yaohui Fan, N. A. Lockerbie, M. Weinert, D. Chin, Supriyo Sinha, A. Sibley, E. Myers, V. Fiumara, Kentaro Somiya, I. A. Bilenko, V. Dergachev, David J. Ottaway, Stanislav Babak, J. C. Dumas, Richard J. Abbott, A. E. Villar, A. Moylan, G. T. Jones, Teviet Creighton, Ping Koy Lam, M. A. Barton, Badri Krishnan, Slawomir Gras, T. Evans, Yousuke Itoh, Duncan A. Brown, R. Desalvo, Chad Hanna, X. Siemens, E. Chalkey, Antony C. Searle, C. M. Mow-Lowry, Erika D'Ambrosio, D. Busby, Kenji Numata, C. Wilkinson, P. Savov, H. Overmier, James Whelan, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, K. Kokeyama, John K. Cannizzo, Jonathan C. Leiner, V. Re, P. Ajith, B. C. Barish, V. Kondrashov, B. F. Whiting, D. Coyne, A. M. Gretarsson, K. Y. Franzen, D. Hoyland, J. Zweizig, F. Nocera, Rainer Weiss, D. J. Hosken, Karel E. Urbanek, C. Parameswariah, E. E. Doomes, J. G. Rollins, M. A. Arain, Gregory M. Harry, P. G. Murray, D. Cook, J. A. Sidles, Fabio Postiglione, C. Van Den Broeck, I. Wilmut, S. E. Whitcomb, S. Gossler, Sandra E. Wiley, Gabriela Gonzalez, M. Lei, J. A. Giaime, T. Regimbau, P. Kwee, J. H. Hough, Lindy Blackburn, P. Ehrens, F. Kawazoe, J. Garofoli, J. S. Kissel, M. Malec, L. Sancho De La Jordana, Shantanu Desai, Kip S. Thorne, Chunglee Kim, V. Sandberg, D. R. Ingram, Phil Willems, J. Hanson, R. W.P. Drever, D. Sellers, M. Guenther, P. J. Veitch, D. S. Rabeling, Michele Zanolin, Roger Jones, I. W. Martin, Marco G. Tarallo, D. M. Strom, David Blair, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, J. Slutsky, D. Webber, R. A. Mercer, K. D. Giardina, Patrick Brady, V. P. Mitrofanov, M. C. Araya, Lisa M. Goggin, Innocenzo M. Pinto, D. Debra, Maurizio Longo, Boris Hage, S. M. Aston, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, E. Black, Martin M. Fejer, J. R. Smith, S. Klimenko, T. Nash, B. Rivera, Pablo Barriga, S. Wise, T. Demma, Thomas Cokelaer, Krzysztof Belczynski, R. Mittleman, Nelson Christensen, A. Sazonov, S. M. Scott, Seiji Kawamura, Jesper Munch, B. Bland, Reinhard Prix, Elizabeth Harstad, Daniel C. Woods, J. W C McNabb, Malcolm B. Gray, Peter Fritschel, K. C. Cannon, M. Lubinski, A. Heptonstall, S. Mukherjee, Jong H. Chow, H. Ward, K. Mailand, Osamu Miyakawa, David H. Reitze, David Crooks, L. Wallace, S. Meshkov, R. Frey, H. J. Pletsch, G. Traylor, D. Kozak, Thomas Corbitt, J. Thacker, Kenneth G. Libbrecht, Kevin M. Carter, Drew Keppel, Zewu Yan, P. J. King, I. Leonor, A. G. Wiseman, H. Rehbein, Pankaj Sarin, S. B. Anderson, Stephen Fairhurst, John Veitch, David B. Tanner, G. Mendell, Sascha Schediwy, William E. Butler, M. Sung, V. V. Frolov, M. MacInnis, Martin P McHugh, B. J. J. Slagmolen, M. Pedraza, M. H. P. M. van Putten, Maria Alessandra Papa, Carlos Cepeda, Kent Blackburn, Shuichi Sato, D. Barker, K. Rawlins, M. Hewitson, T. Etzel, S. Roddy, Joseph D. Romano, Jared Markowitz, Kasem Mossavi, A. M. Sintes, P. Aufmuth, Lee Samuel Finn, Kirk McKenzie, C. Torres, A. Rodriguez, C. Barker, Kevin M. Ryan, Morag M. Casey, M. Heurs, J. Betzwieser, Francesco Chiadini, A. Franzen, A. Thüring, A. C. Melissinos, J. E. Brau, T. Z. Summerscales, R. Taylor, A. Brooks, G. Diederichs, K. Wette, Helena Armandula, D. Sigg, W. W. Johnson, N. Rainer, S. W. Ballmer, E. Hirose, Juri Agresti, H. Müller-Ebhardt, Eric Howell, Michael Landry, R. McCarthy, G. Billingsley, J. D. E. Creighton, R. Amin, R. M. S. Schofield, Benjamin J. Owen, Christopher Wipf, K. V. Tokmakov, Junwei Cao, Sanichiro Yoshida, Graham Woan, Robert L. Byer, E. Maros, Stuart Reid, Ke Sun, Bernard F. Schutz, Li Ju, Guido Mueller, A. Cumming, E. Messaritaki, Sheila Rowan, J. Dickson, C. I. Torrie, Jan Harms, A. S. Sengupta, J. Greenhalgh, G. Moreno, Evan Goetz, Vincenzo Galdi, R. L. Savage, D. M. Whitbeck, T. T. Fricke, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, A. Bunkowski, M. R. Smith, G. H. Sanders, Alberto Vecchio, A. Lazzarini, Gianpietro Cagnoli, J. Myers, Shourov Chatterji, D. Fazi, S. J. Waldman, Suvadeep Bose, and The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Primordial black hole, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, laser-interferometer, QC350, Binary black hole, Binary star, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, ddc:530, education, QC, QB, Physics, LASER-INTERFEROMETER, education.field_of_study, Gravitational wave, Astronomy, sensitivity, LIGO, Black hole, radiation, Neutron star, RADIATION, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, SENSITIVITY
Abstract: We report on a search for gravitational waves from the coalescence of compact binaries during the third and fourth LIGO science runs. The search focused on gravitational waves generated during the inspiral phase of the binary evolution. In our analysis, we considered three categories of compact binary systems, ordered by mass: (i) primordial black hole binaries with masses in the range 0.35 M(sun) < m1, m2 < 1.0 M(sun), (ii) binary neutron stars with masses in the range 1.0 M(sun) < m1, m2 < 3.0 M(sun), and (iii) binary black holes with masses in the range 3.0 M(sun)< m1, m2 < m_(max) with the additional constraint m1+ m2 < m_(max), where m_(max) was set to 40.0 M(sun) and 80.0 M(sun) in the third and fourth science runs, respectively. Although the detectors could probe to distances as far as tens of Mpc, no gravitational-wave signals were identified in the 1364 hours of data we analyzed. Assuming a binary population with a Gaussian distribution around 0.75-0.75 M(sun), 1.4-1.4 M(sun), and 5.0-5.0 M(sun), we derived 90%-confidence upper limit rates of 4.9 yr^(-1) L10^(-1) for primordial black hole binaries, 1.2 yr^(-1) L10^(-1) for binary neutron stars, and 0.5 yr^(-1) L10^(-1) for stellar mass binary black holes, where L10 is 10^(10) times the blue light luminosity of the Sun., 12 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2008

149. All-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S4 data

Author: D. Hammer, F. Seifert, Michael C. B. Ashley, Peter Kalmus, Carlo Ungarelli, I. Leonor, H. Rehbein, K. D. Giardina, S. B. Anderson, David B. Tanner, E. Hirose, M. Sung, Juri Agresti, J. W C McNabb, M. Pedraza, Maria Alessandra Papa, Kent Blackburn, Benno Willke, J. Clark, H. Müller-Ebhardt, H. Ward, A. L. Stuver, Eric Howell, Michael Landry, E. Chalkley, L. Ruet, Alessandra Buonanno, G. Billingsley, John Veitch, Sanichiro Yoshida, Graham Woan, Rana X. Adhikari, Sascha Schediwy, B. Machenschalk, Soumya D. Mohanty, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, P. Shawhan, K. Rawlins, P. Charlton, Ke Sun, Bernard F. Schutz, M. MacInnis, R. S. Amin, Andreas Freise, Vincenzo Pierro, A. Di Credico, N. Zotov, E. Innerhofer, S. Giampanis, Matthew Pitkin, K. Mason, M. Varvella, R. Wooley, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, S. Ray-Majumder, Li Ju, I. A. Bilenko, J. Hanson, V. Dergachev, Guido Mueller, David J. Ottaway, T. Hayler, C. N. Colacino, Vincenzo Galdi, Yi Chen, B. Lantz, R. P. Croce, R. L. Ward, M. Degree, J. H. Romie, K. Bayer, F. J. Raab, R. M. S. Schofield, Benjamin J. Owen, Badri Krishnan, Antony C. Searle, R. Gustafson, C. Torres, A. Rodriguez, C. Barker, I. Wilmut, F. Kawazoe, J. Garofoli, Christopher Wipf, C. M. Mow-Lowry, J. Cannizzo, A. Bunkowski, D. Hoyland, Pankaj Sarin, J. S. Kissel, David Jones, C. A. Cantley, K. V. Tokmakov, Martin Hewitson, Junwei Cao, C. Robinson, Benjamin William Allen, Karsten Danzmann, J. Zweizig, Roger Jones, C. Van Den Broeck, J. Bogenstahl, Michael E Zucker, Stefano Marano, Seiji Kawamura, Reinhard Prix, Elizabeth Harstad, Peter R. Saulson, K. Kawabe, S. M. Aston, Slawomir Gras, B. Rivera, Pablo Barriga, S. H. Huttner, M. Mageswaran, Jong H. Chow, David Crooks, Osamu Miyakawa, David H. Reitze, Erika D'Ambrosio, J. Dickson, C. I. Torrie, Jan Harms, A. S. Sengupta, V. V. Frolov, Martin P McHugh, V. Parameshwaraiah, A. Dietz, B. J. J. Slagmolen, J. E. Brau, P. G. Murray, E. Chin, J. Greenhalgh, J. H. Hough, M. A. Arain, Evan Goetz, S. Sakata, Miquel Trias, Gregory M. Harry, D. Chin, Supriyo Sinha, Stanislav Babak, E. Maros, R. Taylor, M. Lei, Duncan A. Brown, Douglas R. Cook, B. F. Whiting, Shantanu Desai, R. L. McCarthy, Kip S. Thorne, Marco Aurelio Diaz, G. Diederichs, Michele Zanolin, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, P. Patel, Malik Rakhmanov, P. Kwee, V. Kalogera, H. Overmier, N. Fotopoulos, S. Meshkov, A. Cumming, R. Rahkola, J. Worden, L. Williams, A. Rüdiger, D. Sellers, V. P. Mitrofanov, I. W. Martin, Helena Armandula, G. Mendell, M. C. Araya, M. Guenther, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, Kirk McKenzie, B. Lee, N. Rainer, D. Hoak, R. Riesen, Boris Hage, A. M. Gretarsson, Karel E. Urbanek, Morag M. Casey, M. Heurs, Roland Schilling, Patrick Brady, M. V. Plissi, M. Fyffe, Gabriela Gonzalez, Sheila Rowan, M. Ito, F. Ya. Khalili, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, Kevin M. Ryan, A. Thüring, K. Mailand, Malcolm B. Gray, Gavin Davies, Hartmut Grote, A. C. Melissinos, B. Sears, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Maurizio Longo, T. Z. Summerscales, T. Etzel, J. Betzwieser, Richard J. Abbott, Krzysztof Belczynski, P. E. Lindquist, R. Mittleman, Francesco Chiadini, A. Franzen, A. M. Rogan, A. Brooks, Marco G. Tarallo, P. Ehrens, J. N. Marx, R. J. Dupuis, J. Slutsky, Yaohui Fan, Nelson Christensen, D. Webber, B. Bland, Carlos Cepeda, J. Thacker, Soma Mukherjee, Drew Keppel, J. C. Dumas, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, E. Black, Martin M. Fejer, J. R. Smith, B. Bhawal, S. Saraf, Roberto Conte, C. Aulbert, L. Matone, Zewu Yan, T. Nash, K. Wette, Timothy Evans, Albert Lazzarini, Shuichi Sato, J. Myers, D. Sigg, Shourov Chatterji, H. Yamamoto, Joseph D. Romano, Jared Markowitz, R. Bork, L. Wallace, Kasem Mossavi, S. W. Ballmer, A. Sibley, G. Moreno, K. Kokeyama, R. Frey, D. Fazi, S. J. Waldman, Suvadeep Bose, N. A. Lockerbie, P. J. King, D. J. Hosken, A. G. Wiseman, J. G. Rollins, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Chonghoon Kim, Lindy Blackburn, D. C. Coyne, P. Savov, James Whelan, P. Ajith, L. Zhang, V. Sandberg, D. S. Rabeling, M. R. Smith, Hirotaka Takahashi, S. Márka, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, R. A. Mercer, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Stephen Fairhurst, Kenneth A. Strain, Vincenzo Matta, A. M. Cruise, Jesper Munch, B. O'Reilly, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Vuk Mandic, D. M. Strom, C. Messenger, A. Ivanov, H. Radkins, Damien Mudge, S. P. Vyachanin, M. Brinkmann, W. Tyler, J. A. Giaime, David Coward, Thomas Cokelaer, D. Barker, S. Roddy, I. Yakushin, S. E. Whitcomb, S. Gossler, A. M. Sintes, Alberto Vecchio, P. Aufmuth, Lee Samuel Finn, Ping Koy Lam, V. Leonhardt, A. J. Weinstein, I. Gholami, W. Wu, P. T. Beyersdorf, V. Boschi, R.L. Coldwell, Giuseppe Castaldi, A. Grant, S. Chelkowski, D. B. Kozak, C. Vorvick, Roman Schnabel, A. Weidner, D. Meyers, P. Schwinberg, K. Watts, H. Zur Mühlen, W. G. Anderson, B. P. Abbott, S. Vass, Jian Zhang, W. Kells, D. Busby, Y. Pan, Subhasish Mitra, A. E. Villar, S. Wen, S. Wise, S. Grunewald, Kenneth G. Libbrecht, R. L. Savage, D. M. Whitbeck, Keisuke Goda, T. T. Fricke, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, Erik Katsavounidis, Laura Cadonati, B. C. Barish, V. Kondrashov, A. Moylan, Susan M. Scott, Teviet Creighton, Chunnong Zhao, Chad Hanna, M. J. Lubinski, R. DeSalvo, X. Siemens, C. Wilkinson, D. Jackrel, John G. Dwyer, E. E. Doomes, David H. Shoemaker, P. Cochrane, M. Ramsunder, Vladimir B. Braginsky, H. Vahlbruch, T. Demma, L. Sancho De La Jordana, K. Riles, Peter Fritschel, K. C. Cannon, E. Espinoza, M. Weinert, H. J. Pletsch, G. Traylor, Thomas Corbitt, O. Burmeister, A. Heptonstall, M. Malec, D. R. Ingram, Phil Willems, Daniel C. Woods, Yousuke Itoh, J. Heefner, R. Grosso, D. Ugolini, Lisa M. Goggin, M. Lormand, A. Bullington, Rahul Biswas, B. Johnson, D. Kasprzyk, L. Bogue, Sean T. McWilliams, Michele Vallisneri, Ik Siong Heng, Emma L. Robinson, M. Samidi, L. Ribichini, C. Gray, E. Myers, V. Fiumara, Jonathan C. Leiner, V. Re, Kentaro Somiya, Kenji Numata, Rainer Weiss, R. W. P. Drever, W. W. Johnson, David Blair, Jordan Camp, H. Bantilan, M. A. Barton, Walter Winkler, T. Meier, J. Dalrymple, D.B. DeBra, K. Y. Franzen, G. Newton, Fabio Postiglione, Harald Lück, S. C. McGuire, P. J. Veitch, Matthew Evans, L. Cardenas, S. Klimenko, Nicolás Yunes, P. J. Sutton, S. Penn, Pamela J. Russell, Roger K. Route, K. A. Thorne, Stefan Hild, G. T. Jones, N. A. Robertson, LSC Collaboration, The, Castaldi, G., Galdi, V., Pierro, V., and Pinto, I. M.
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Particle detector, QC350, Signal-to-noise ratio, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, education, QC, QB, Physics, education.field_of_study, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics (astro-ph), LIGO, Computational physics, Neutron star, StackSlide, Amplitude, Graviational waves, LIGO S4, PowerFlux, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, Hough
Abstract: We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1000 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -1.0E-8 Hz/s to zero. Data from the fourth LIGO science run (S4) have been used in this search. Three different semi-coherent methods of transforming and summing strain power from Short Fourier Transforms (SFTs) of the calibrated data have been used. The first, known as "StackSlide", averages normalized power from each SFT. A "weighted Hough" scheme is also developed and used, and which also allows for a multi-interferometer search. The third method, known as "PowerFlux", is a variant of the StackSlide method in which the power is weighted before summing. In both the weighted Hough and PowerFlux methods, the weights are chosen according to the noise and detector antenna-pattern to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio. The respective advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report upper limits; we interpret these as limits on this radiation from isolated rotating neutron stars. The best population-based upper limit with 95% confidence on the gravitational-wave strain amplitude, found for simulated sources distributed isotropically across the sky and with isotropically distributed spin-axes, is 4.28E-24 (near 140 Hz). Strict upper limits are also obtained for small patches on the sky for best-case and worst-case inclinations of the spin axes., Comment: 39 pages, 41 figures An error was found in the computation of the C parameter defined in equation 44 which led to its overestimate by 2^(1/4). The correct values for the multi-interferometer, H1 and L1 analyses are 9.2, 9.7, and 9.3, respectively. Figure 32 has been updated accordingly. None of the upper limits presented in the paper were affected
Published: 2008

150. Active and pro-plasminogen activator on the surface of human bladder cancer cells derived from a high grade invasive tumour

Author: Derek Raghavan, A.J. Grant, and Pamela J. Russell
Subjects: Biophysics, Fluorescence spectrometry, Biochemistry, Cell Line, Metastasis, Plasminogen Activators, medicine, Humans, Gelatinase, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Molecular Biology, Urokinase, Enzyme Precursors, Chemistry, Activator (genetics), Cell Membrane, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Pepsin A, Isoenzymes, Molecular Weight, Kinetics, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Gelatinases, Cell culture, Cancer cell, Cancer research, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Plasminogen activator, medicine.drug
Abstract: Intact UCRU-BL28 cells derived from a high grade invasive human bladder cancer produced both active and pro-plasminogen activator. Following culture of cells in the presence of plasminogen, all of the pro-plasminogen activator was converted to an active form. Cell-surface extracts showed plasminogen activator activity with a molecular mass of 55,000, similar to that of human urokinase. Extracts also contained gelatinase activities with molecular masses of 101,000; 80,000; 74,000 and 70,000 in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These tumour cell-surface proteinases may be involved in invasion and metastasis in human bladder cancer.
Published: 1990
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