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104. POLIO ERADICATION: Efficacy of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in India

Author

Jafari, Hamid, Deshpande, Jagadish M., Sutter, Roland W., Bahl, Sunil, Verma, Harish, Ahmad, Mohammad, Kunwar, Abhishek, Vishwakarma, Rakesh, Agarwal, Ashutosh, Jain, Shilpi, Estivariz, Concepcion, Sethi, Raman, Molodecky, Natalie A., Grassly, Nicholas C., Pallansch, Mark A., Chatterjee, Arani, and Aylward, Bruce R.

Published
2014
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106. Monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine in newborns

Author

El-Sayed, Nasr, El-Gamal, Yehia, Abbassy, Ahmed-Amr, Seoud, Iman, Salama, Maha, Kandeel, Amr, Hossny, Elham, Shawky, Ahmed, Hussein, Heba Abou, Pallansch, Mark A., Sreevatsava, Meghana, Burton, Anthony H., van der Avoort, Harrie G.A.M., Malankar, Pradeep, Wahdan, Mohamed H., and Sutter, Roland W.

Subjects
Poliomyelitis vaccine -- Product development, Poliomyelitis vaccine -- Health aspects, Infants (Newborn) -- Health aspects, Poliomyelitis -- Prevention
Abstract

A study was conducted to compare the efficacy of a newly developed immunogenic monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine with the trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine on newborns. Results revealed that the newly developed vaccine was superior to the trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine as it induced humoral antibodies.

Published
2008

107. The risks, costs, and benefits of possible future global policies for managing polioviruses

Author

Thompson, Kimberly M., Tebbens, Radboud J. Duintjer, Pallansch, Mark A., Kew, Olen M., Sutter, Roland W., Aylward, R. Bruce, Watkins, Margaret, Gary, Howard E., Jr., Alexander, James, Jafari, Hamid, and Cochi, Stephen L.

Subjects
Poliomyelitis vaccine -- Dosage and administration, Poliomyelitis vaccine -- Prices and rates, Vaccination -- Health aspects, Vaccination -- Economic aspects, Company pricing policy, Government, Health care industry
Abstract

Objectives. We assessed the costs, risks, and benefits of possible future major policy decisions on vaccination, surveillance, response plans, and containment following global eradication of wild polioviruses. Methods. We developed a decision analytic model to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and net benefits of risk management options for polio for the 20-year period and stratified the world according to income level to capture important variability between nations. Results. For low-, lower-middle-, and upper-middle-income groups currently using oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), we found that after successful eradication of wild polioviruses, OPV cessation would save both costs and lives when compared with continued use of OPV without supplemental immunization activities. We found cost-effectiveness ratios for switching from OPV to inactivated poliovirus vaccine to be higher (i.e., less desirable) than other health investment opportunities, depending on the actual inactivated poliovirus vaccine costs and assumptions about whether supplemental immunization activities with OPV would continue. Conclusions. Eradication promises billions of dollars of net benefits, although global health policy leaders face difficult choices about future policies. Until successful eradication and coordination of posteradication policies, health authorities should continue routine polio vaccination and supplemental immunization activities.

Published
2008

108. Outbreak of neurologic enterovirus type 71 disease: a diagnostic challenge

Author

Perez-Velez, Carlos M., Anderson, Marsha S., Robinson, Christine C., McFarland, Elizabeth J., Nix, W. Allan, Pallansch, Mark A., Oberste, M. Steven, and Glode, Mary P.

Subjects
Nervous system diseases -- Diagnosis, Nervous system diseases -- Physiological aspects, Nervous system diseases -- Patient outcomes, Enteroviruses -- Health aspects, Enteroviruses -- Identification and classification, Polymerase chain reaction -- Usage, Cerebrospinal fluid -- Medical examination, Health, Health care industry
Published
2007

110. The eradication of polio - Progress and challenges

Author

Pallansch, Mark A. and Sandhu, Hardeep S.

Subjects
Poliomyelitis -- Prevention, World health -- Analysis
Abstract

Some of the complex social challenges encountered by the public health workers in total eradication of polio globally are discussed. The public health initiative has made extraordinary progress since 1988 when World Health Assembly adopted the goal of eradication, a major accomplishment being the establishment of a global integrated virologic surveillance network.

Published
2006

111. Updated Characterization of Outbreak Response Strategies for 2019–2029: Impacts of Using a Novel Type 2 Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Strain

Author

Kalkowska, Dominika A., primary, Pallansch, Mark A., additional, Wilkinson, Amanda, additional, Bandyopadhyay, Ananda S., additional, Konopka‐Anstadt, Jennifer L., additional, Burns, Cara C., additional, Oberste, M. Steven, additional, Wassilak, Steven G. F., additional, Badizadegan, Kamran, additional, and Thompson, Kimberly M., additional

Published
2020
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112. Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication

Author

Kew, Olen M., Sutter, Roland W., de Gourville, Esther M., Dowdle, Walter R., and Pallansch, Mark A.

Subjects
Poliovirus -- Control, Poliovirus -- Health aspects, Public health -- Management, Company business management, Biological sciences, World Health Organization -- Management
Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) addresses the challenges unprecedented in public health for the global eradication of wild poliovirus and the live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is used for more than four decades to interrupt poliovirus transmission. A strategy for this is developed for posteradication to minimize the risks of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) and its spread has become an urgent WHO priority.

Published
2005

113. Vaccine policy changes and epidemiology of poliomyelitis in the United States

Author

Alexander, Lorraine Nino, Santibanez, Tammy A., Kew, Olen M., Strebel, Peter M., Wharton, Melinda, Seward, Jane F., Pallansch, Mark A., Prevots, D. Rebecca, Cono, Joanne, Orenstein, Walter A., and Sutter, Roland W.

Subjects
Poliomyelitis vaccine -- Dosage and administration, Poliomyelitis -- Development and progression, Poliomyelitis -- Prevention
Abstract

The epidemiology of paralytic poliomyelitis reviewed, and the association between the vaccine schedule changes and vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) in the United States is documented. The change in polio vaccination policy from oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to exclusive use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) was successful implemented, which led to the elimination of VAPP in the United States.

Published
2004

114. Expert Review on Poliovirus Immunity and Transmission

Author

Duintjer Tebbens, Radboud J., Pallansch, Mark A., Chumakov, Konstantin M., Halsey, Neal A., Hovi, Tapani, Minor, Philip D., Modlin, John F., Patriarca, Peter A., Sutter, Roland W., Wright, Peter F., Wassilak, Steven G. F., Cochi, Stephen L., Kim, Jong-Hoon, and Thompson, Kimberly M.

Published
2013
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121. Contributors

Author

Abdalla, Saad H., primary, Acrani, Gustavo Olszanski, additional, Aggarwal, Rakesh, additional, Allos, Ban Mishu, additional, Alter, Miriam J., additional, Andrus, Jon K., additional, Angel, Juana, additional, Anstead, Gregory M., additional, Arathoon, Eduardo, additional, Arruda, Eurico, additional, Arthur, Ray R., additional, Atmar, Robert L., additional, Banura, Patrick, additional, Barbour, Alan G., additional, Barrett, Alan D.T., additional, Bausch, Dan, additional, Berk, Steven L., additional, Bessong, Pascal O., additional, Bia, Frank J., additional, Bicanic, Tihana, additional, Black, Robert E., additional, Bleck, Thomas P., additional, Boggild, Andrea K., additional, Bonnez, William, additional, Bresee, Joseph S., additional, Brown, Corrie, additional, Brown, Lillian B., additional, Brunetti, Enrico, additional, Bruschi, Fabrizio, additional, Bryant, Amy E., additional, Campbell, Carlos C. (Kent), additional, Castillo-Solorzano, Carlos, additional, Cetron, Martin S., additional, Chen, Ding-Shinn, additional, Chen, Pei-Jer, additional, Chen, Xiang-Sheng, additional, Cherian, Thomas, additional, Chua, K.B., additional, Cohen, Myron S., additional, Cooke, Graham S., additional, Cooper, Chester R., additional, Cooper, Edward S., additional, Coyle, Christina M., additional, Cross†, John H., additional, Dance, David A.B., additional, Danesi, Mustapha A., additional, Dawson, Chandler R., additional, de Martel, Catherine, additional, De Quadros, Ciro A., additional, de Queiroz Sousa, Anastacio, additional, de Silva, Nilanthi R., additional, de Souza, Alexandre Leite, additional, Dehio, Christoph, additional, Diemert, David J., additional, Dillingham, Rebecca, additional, Donelson, John E., additional, Dumler, J. Stephen, additional, Duncan, Joseph A., additional, DuPont, Herbert L., additional, Durand, Marlene L., additional, Eberhard, Mark L., additional, Eby, Joshua C., additional, Edwards, Charles, additional, Eidex, Rachel B., additional, Ellner, Jerrold J., additional, Enría, Delia A., additional, Ergonul, Onder, additional, Estes, Mary K., additional, Fahal, Ahmed Hassan, additional, Farmer, Paul E., additional, Faruque, A.S.G., additional, Feldman, Charles, additional, Feldmann, Heinz, additional, Fox, Kimberley K., additional, Franceschi, Silvia, additional, Franco, Manuel A., additional, Fulhorst, Charles F., additional, Garcia, Hector H., additional, Genta, Robert M., additional, Gilman, Robert H., additional, Glass, Roger I., additional, Goddard, Jerome, additional, Gotuzzo, Eduardo, additional, Graybill, John R., additional, Greenberg, Harry B., additional, Griffiths, Paul D., additional, Gubler, Duane J., additional, Guerrant, Richard L., additional, Gutierrez, Yezid, additional, Hewlett, Erik L., additional, Heymann, David L., additional, Hill, David R., additional, Ho, Mei-Shang, additional, Hoerauf, Achim M., additional, Hoffman, Paul S., additional, Hoffman, Stephen L., additional, Holbrook, Michael R., additional, Holland, Thomas L., additional, Hopkins, Donald R., additional, Hospenthal, Duane R., additional, Hotez, Peter J., additional, Hudnall, S. David, additional, Hughes, James M., additional, Hwang, Kao-Pin, additional, Isturiz, Raul E., additional, Jahrling, Peter B., additional, Jameel, Shahid, additional, Jeronimo, Selma M.B., additional, Jones-Lopez, Edward C., additional, Kabanova, Anna, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Karp, Christopher L., additional, Kazura, James W., additional, Kern, Peter, additional, Keusch, Gerald T., additional, Keystone, Jay S., additional, Khuroo, Mehnaaz S., additional, Khuroo, Mohammad S., additional, Kim, Ik-Sang, additional, King, Charles H., additional, Kirchhoff, Louis V., additional, Klion, Amy D., additional, Klugman, Keith P., additional, Kopecko, Dennis J., additional, Kosek, Margaret, additional, Koster, Frederick T., additional, Kozarsky, Phyllis E., additional, Ksiazek, Thomas G., additional, Kuhn, Jens H., additional, Lastovica, Albert J., additional, LeDuc, James W., additional, Leone, Peter A., additional, Levett, Paul N., additional, Levin, Michael, additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Lima, Aldo A.M., additional, Lindeque, Gerhard, additional, Longworth, David L., additional, Mabey, David, additional, Maclean†, J. Dick, additional, Magill, Alan J., additional, Maguilnik, Ismael, additional, Maguiña, Ciro, additional, Maguire, James H., additional, Mahanty, Siddhartha, additional, Makino, Shinji, additional, Mandl, Christian W., additional, Marrie, Thomas J., additional, Marshall, Barry J., additional, Martin, Gregory J., additional, Matsumoto, Tadahiko, additional, Mawhorter, Steven D., additional, McCarthy, James S., additional, McGinnis, Michael R., additional, Mead, Paul S., additional, Meyers, Wayne M., additional, Miller, Robert F., additional, Miller, Samuel I., additional, Mills, James N., additional, Monath, Thomas P., additional, Moore, Christopher C., additional, Moore, Thomas A., additional, Morrill, J.C., additional, Morris, J. Glenn, additional, Murray, Megan, additional, Murrell, K. Darwin, additional, Nair, G. Balakrish, additional, Nash, Theodore E., additional, Nathan, Barnett R., additional, Negroni, Ricardo, additional, Nicholson-Weller, Anne, additional, Nucci, Marcio, additional, Nutman, Thomas B., additional, O’Farrell, Nigel, additional, Olano, Juan P., additional, Ooi, Eng Eong, additional, Ortega, Luis S., additional, Ortega, Ynés R., additional, Pallansch, Mark A., additional, Pape, Jean W., additional, Pappas, Georgios, additional, Parsonnet, Julie, additional, Pasvol, Geoffrey, additional, Peacock, Sharon J., additional, Pearson, Richard D., additional, Peeling, Rosanna W., additional, Pegues, David A., additional, Pépin, Jacques, additional, Peters, C.J., additional, Peterson, Kristine M., additional, Petri, William A., additional, Portaels, Françoise, additional, Proença-Módena, José Luiz, additional, Quinn, Thomas C., additional, Rao, G. Raghurama, additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Rappuoli, Rino, additional, Rex, John H., additional, Reynolds, Steven J., additional, Ribeiro, José M.C., additional, Roilides, Emmanuel, additional, Rollin, Pierre E., additional, Ronald, Allan R., additional, Rota, Paul A., additional, Roy, Sharon L., additional, Ruiz-Tiben, Ernesto, additional, Ryan, Edward T., additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Salam, Mohammed A., additional, Samie, Amidou, additional, Schachter, Julius, additional, Schantz, Peter M., additional, Scheld, W. Michael, additional, Schlaudecker, Elizabeth P., additional, Schwartz, David A., additional, Schwartzman, Joseph D., additional, Seña, Arlene C., additional, Sexton, Daniel J., additional, Sharp, Truman W., additional, Shieh, Wun-Ju, additional, Shoham, Shmuel, additional, Siddiqui, Afzal A., additional, Singh, Upinder, additional, Smith, David W., additional, Smith, Michael B., additional, Smoak, Bonnie L., additional, Smulian, A. George, additional, Snider, Cynthia B., additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Sow, Samba O., additional, Sparling, P. Frederick, additional, Spencer, Lisa A., additional, Stanberry, Lawrence R., additional, Staples, J. Erin, additional, Steffen, Robert, additional, Steiner, Theodore S., additional, Steinhoff, Mark C., additional, Stevens, Dennis L., additional, Suh, Kathryn N., additional, Supparatpinyo, Khuanchai, additional, Szaniszlo, Paul J., additional, Tapia, Milagritos D., additional, Tanowitz, Herbert B., additional, Telford, Sam R., additional, Tesh, Robert B., additional, Thielman, Nathan M., additional, Torres-Vélez, Fernando J., additional, Tucker, Joseph D., additional, Valdez, Luis M., additional, Valenzuela, Jesus G., additional, van de Beek, Diederik, additional, Vasconcelos, Pedro F.C., additional, Visvesvara, Govinda S., additional, Wahl-Jensen, Victoria, additional, Walker, David H., additional, Walsh, Douglas S., additional, Walsh, Thomas J., additional, Walton, David A., additional, Walzer, Peter D., additional, Warren, Cirle A., additional, Weaver, Scott C., additional, Weiss, Louis M., additional, Weller, Peter F., additional, White, A. Clinton, additional, White, Nicholas J., additional, Wilkinson, Robert J., additional, Wilson, Mary E., additional, Wittner, Murray, additional, Zaidi, Anita K.M., additional, and Zaki, Sherif R., additional

Published
2011
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122. An echovirus type 33 winter outbreak in New Zealand

Author

Huang, Q. Sue, Carr, Julia M., Nix, W. Allan, Oberste, M. Steven, Kilpatrick, David R., Pallansch, Mark A., Croxson, Margaret C., Lindeman, Jennifer A., Baker, Michael G., and Grimwood, Keith

Subjects
Genotype -- Physiological aspects, Central nervous system diseases -- Health aspects, Central nervous system diseases -- Causes of, Enterovirus diseases -- Health aspects, Enterovirus diseases -- Diagnosis, Enterovirus diseases -- Care and treatment, Enterovirus diseases -- Complications, Enterovirus diseases -- Genetic aspects, Hospital patients -- Health aspects, Hospital patients -- Care and treatment, Hospital patients -- Demographic aspects, Hospital patients -- Case studies, Hospital patients -- Genetic aspects, Communicable diseases -- Research, Communicable diseases -- Health aspects, Health, Health care industry
Published
2003

126. First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States

Author

Holshue, Michelle L., primary, DeBolt, Chas, additional, Lindquist, Scott, additional, Lofy, Kathy H., additional, Wiesman, John, additional, Bruce, Hollianne, additional, Spitters, Christopher, additional, Ericson, Keith, additional, Wilkerson, Sara, additional, Tural, Ahmet, additional, Diaz, George, additional, Cohn, Amanda, additional, Fox, LeAnne, additional, Patel, Anita, additional, Gerber, Susan I., additional, Kim, Lindsay, additional, Tong, Suxiang, additional, Lu, Xiaoyan, additional, Lindstrom, Steve, additional, Pallansch, Mark A., additional, Weldon, William C., additional, Biggs, Holly M., additional, Uyeki, Timothy M., additional, and Pillai, Satish K., additional

Published
2020
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129. Trial of a supplemental dose of four poliovirus vaccines

Author

Sutter, Roland W., Suleiman, Ali Jaffer M., Malankar, Pradeep, Al-Khusaiby, Saleh, Mehta, Firdosi, Clements, Geoff B., Pallansch, Mark A., and Robertson, Susan E.

Subjects
Poliomyelitis vaccine -- Evaluation, Infants -- Health aspects, Poliovirus -- Drug therapy, Viral antibodies -- Physiological aspects
Abstract

Inactivated-poliovirus vaccine (IPV) enhanced the antibody titer against type 3 poliovirus but the oral poliovirus vaccines (OPV) had no effect. In a study of 785 infants nine months old, 88% were seropositive for poliovirus type 3 and showed no significant change in either the seroprevalence or antibody titer at the thirtieth day upon administration of OPV. In infants who received IPV, both the seroprevalence and the antibody titer increased from 87.8% to 97.1% and from 1:228 to 1:448 respectively.

Published
2000

130. Acute Flaccid Myelitis in the United States: 2015–2017

Author

Ayers, Tracy, primary, Lopez, Adriana, additional, Lee, Adria, additional, Kambhampati, Anita, additional, Nix, W. Allan, additional, Henderson, Elizabeth, additional, Rogers, Shannon, additional, Weldon, William C., additional, Oberste, M. Steven, additional, Sejvar, James, additional, Hopkins, Sarah E., additional, Pallansch, Mark A., additional, Routh, Janell A., additional, and Patel, Manisha, additional

Published
2019
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131. Fractional Doses of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine in Oman

Author

Mohammed, Ali Jafer, AlAwaidy, Salah, Bawikar, Shyam, Kurup, Padmamohan J., Elamir, Emadaldin, Shaban, Mahmoud M.A., Sharif, Sharif M., van der Avoort, Harrie G.A.M., Pallansch, Mark A., Malankar, Pradeep, Burton, Anthony, Sreevatsava, Meghana, and Sutter, Roland W.

Published
2010
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133. Environmental surveillance of wild poliovirus circulation in Egypt—Balancing between detection sensitivity and workload

Author

Hovi, Tapani, Blomqvist, Soile, Nasr, Eman, Burns, Cara C., Sarjakoski, Tarja, Ahmed, Nahed, Savolainen, Carita, Roivainen, Merja, Stenvik, Mirja, Laine, Pia, Barakat, Ibrahim, Wahdan, Mohammed H., Kamel, Faten A., Asghar, Humayun, Pallansch, Mark A., Kew, Olen M., Gary, Howard E., Jr., deGourville, Esther M., and Bassioni, Laila El

Published
2005
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136. Seroprevalence of antibody against poliovirus in inner-city preschool children: implications for vaccination policy in the United States

Author

Chen, Robert T., Hausinger, Sheryl, Dajani, Adnan S., Hanfling, Marcus, Baughman, Andrew L., Pallansch, Mark A., and Patriarca, Peter A.

Subjects
Poliomyelitis -- Vaccination, Immunization of children -- Demographic aspects, Poor children -- Health aspects
Abstract

Many inner-city children appear to be adequately immunized against polio. Researchers measured antibodies to the oral polio vaccine (OPV) in blood samples from 224 inner-city children in Houston and 302 in Detroit. Approximately 80% of the children had antibodies against the three types of poliovirus by the time they were two years old and more than 90% had poliovirus antibodies by the time they were three or four years old. Half of the Detroit children and one-quarter of the Houston children had received three doses of polio vaccine by the time they were two years old. Ninety percent of these children had antibodies against the three types of poliovirus. Almost half of 113 unvaccinated children had antibodies against at least one type of poliovirus. These children acquired their immunity from contact with a vaccinated child. Given the high immunization rates in these children and the fact that OPV can cause paralysis, it seems reasonable to switch to using inactivated poliovaccine (IPV) for the first two doses., Objectives.--To assess susceptibility to poliomyelitis in selected inner-city preschool children in the United States and to estimate the contribution of secondary spread of live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine virus to type-specific immunity. Design.--Cross-sectional seroprevalence study. Methods.--Serum neutralizing antibody levels against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were analyzed according to vaccination status, age, and other sociodemographic variables. Setting.--Hospital and satellite clinics serving inner-city populations in Houston, Tex, and Detroit, Mich, 1990 to 1991. Participants.--A total of 526 children aged 12 to 47 months seeking medical care were enrolled in the seroprevalence study; 144 children aged 12 to 35 months without a history of previous oral poliovirus vaccination were enrolled in the secondary spread study. Results.--Seropositive rates were similar in children in both cities, ranging from about 80% for types 1 and 3 in 12- to 23-month-old children to more than 90% in those aged 36 to 47 months. The most important predictor of seropositivity was the number of doses of oral poliovirus vaccine received (P

Published
1996

140. Direct sequencing of SARS-coronavirus S and N genes from clinical specimens shows limited variation

Author

Tong, Suxiang, Lingappa, Jairam R., Chen, Qi, Shu, Bo, LaMonte, Ashley C., Cook, Byron T., Birge, Charryse, Chern, Shur-wern Wang, Liu, Xin, Galloway, Renee, Mai, Le Quynh, Ng, Wai Fu, Yang, Jyh-Yuan, Butany, Jagdish, Comer, James A., Monroe, Stephan S., Beard, Suzanne R., Ksiazek, Thomas G., Erdman, Dean, Rota, Paul A., Pallansch, Mark A., and Anderson, Larry J.

Subjects
Coronavirus infections -- Research, Coronavirus infections -- Genetic aspects, Severe acute respiratory syndrome -- Research, Severe acute respiratory syndrome -- Genetic aspects, Health
Published
2004

141. Immunogenicity of a supplemental dose of oral versus inactivated poliovirus vaccine

Author

Moriniere, Bernard J., van Loon, Frederik P.L., Rhodes, Philip H., Klein-Zabban, Marie-Louise, Frank-Senat, Brigitte, Herrington, James E., Pallansch, Mark A., and Patriarca, Peter A.

Subjects
Poliomyelitis vaccine -- Research, Poliomyelitis -- Prevention, Developing countries -- Health aspects, Vaccination of children -- Methods
Published
1993

145. Outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis in Oman: evidence for widespread transmission among fully vaccinated children

Author

Sutter, Roland W., Patriarca, Peter A., Brogan, Shaun, Malankar, Pradeep G., Pallansch, Mark A., Kew, Olen M., Bass, Allan G., Cochi, Stephen L., Alexander, James P., Hall, David B., Suleiman, Ali Jaffer M., Al-Ghassany, Ahmed A.K., and El-Bualy, Musallam S.

Subjects
Poliomyelitis vaccine -- Dosage and administration, Poliomyelitis -- Demographic aspects, Oman -- Health aspects
Published
1991

146. Immunogenicity of tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine administered with buffer and oral polio vaccine

Author

Ing, Donna J., Glass, Roger I., Woods, Patricia A., Simonetti, Murri, Pallansch, Mark A., Wilcox, Wallace D., Davidson, Bruce L., and Sievert, Alan J.

Subjects
Rotavirus infections -- Prevention, Vaccination of children -- Complications, Poliomyelitis vaccine -- Physiological aspects, Vaccines -- Research, Family and marriage, Health
Abstract

Infection with rotavirus (RV) causes vomiting and severe diarrhea in infants and children, and can lead to severe dehydration, or the excessive loss of body fluids. A tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) was developed to protect against rotavirus infection in children, and tested on almost 1,000 infants at 22 medical centers in the United States. The infants received three doses of the RRV-TV by mouth. The RV vaccine is usually given with large amounts of buffer (a substance that maintains the appropriate levels of hydrogen ions in a solution). The buffer was also shown to promote a good immune response to the vaccine. In previous studies, researchers maintained a two-week period between administration of the RRV-TV and immunization with the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). The difficulties of giving large doses of buffer and the necessity of extra visits to the doctor for the OPV and RV vaccines could be resolved if the RV vaccine could be given with lower doses of buffer and combined with the OPV vaccine. Similar to OPV, the RV vaccine should also be given before two to three months of age. The effect of reducing the dose of buffer on the ability of RRV-TV to promote an immune response was assessed. In addition, the effects of RRV-TV on the immune response to the OPV vaccine was examined. This study was conducted between January and November 1989 and involved 174 infants, aged 6 to 16 weeks. The ability of RRV-TV to promote an immune response was determined by the production of antibody, or immune protein, against RV. The levels of antibody to RV were similar in children receiving RRV-TV prepared in small and large doses of buffer, but were much lower in children who received RRV-TV without buffer. The RRV-TV did not appear to interfere with the immune response to OPV. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

148. Immunogenicity of full and fractional dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine for use in routine immunisation and outbreak response: an open-label, randomised controlled trial

Author

Snider, Cynthia J, primary, Zaman, Khalequ, additional, Estivariz, Concepcion F, additional, Yunus, Mohammad, additional, Weldon, William C, additional, Wannemuehler, Kathleen A, additional, Oberste, M Steven, additional, Pallansch, Mark A, additional, Wassilak, Steven GF, additional, Bari, Tajul Islam A, additional, and Anand, Abhijeet, additional

Published
2019
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