Search

A review of: Arikova, Akulina & Anastasia Novikova & Vyara Mihaylova & Eslitsa Popova. We Read with Asya and Yavor. Sofia: Zaedno v chas, 2021. ISBN 978-619-90595-5-5, 100 pp. Appendix: Primer with Guidelines. ISBN 978-619-90595-4-8, 196 pp.; Appendix: My Letters. ISBN 978-619-90595-6-2, 22 pp. [In Bulgarian: Арикова, Акулина & Анастасия Новикова & Вяра Михайлова & Еслица Попова. Четем с Ася и Явор. София: Заедно в час, 2021.]

Purpose: This study examined the influence of different monomer systems on the tensile bond strength between a resin composite and a polymerized fiber-reinforced composite (FRC). The influence of the age (shelf-life) of the FRC prepreg (reinforcing fiber pre-impregnated with a resin system) before preparing the FRC substrate for the bonding test was also assessed. Materials and Methods: Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN)-based glass FRC prepregs were aged for various durations (1, 1.5, and 3 years) at 4°C before being used to prepare FRC substrates via light polymerization. Four groups of aged prepregs were prepared through different treatments with: 1. no primer; 2. a dimethacrylatebased adhesive primer; 3. a universal primer; and 4. a specific composite primer. Subsequently, a resin composite luting cement was applied on the treated FRC substrates and cured with light. The water sorption of the FRC-composite specimens was determined. Then, the differences in the tensile bond strength were evaluated using ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05). Results: There were significant differences in the tensile bond strength between the composite cement and the FRC according to the primer used (p < 0.001), aging time (p < 0.001), and their interactive effect (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The monomers of the universal primer demonstrated the best ability to diffuse into the semi-IPN structure of the polymer matrix of FRC. This improved the interfacial bond strength between the composite cement and the FRC substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main characteristics of the new primer, which allows transforming rust, are presented, its advantages and disadvantages are considered, and the main areas of application are given. The primer is made on the basis of plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion, ethyl silicate, surfactants and phosphoric acid salts. The technology of its application is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penentuan jenis kelamin pada beberapa spesies burung cukup sulit dilakukan dikarenakan jantan dan betina memiliki ciri morfologi yang sama (monomorfik), salah satunya famili Columbidae. Teknik penentuan jenis kelamin burung secara molekuler yang populer adalah metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) dengan gen target Chromo Helicase DNA-binding (CHD), namun keberhasilan amplifikasi gen target pada PCR tersebut dipengaruhi salah satunya kesesuaian DNA template dengan primer yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi 5 jenis primer PCR P2/P8, 2550F/2718R, CHD1F/CHD1R, 1237L/1272H dan CHD1LF/CHD1LR untuk menentukan jenis kelamin famili Columbidae. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menguji 5 jenis primer tersebut di atas pada sampel DNA tiap pasang jantan dan betina dari burung merpati, balam jambi, punai, derkuku, dan perkutut. Hasil penelitian diketahui primer CHD1LF/CHD1LR menunjukkan hasil terbaik dan direkomendasikan untuk menentukan jenis kelamin famili Columbidae.

This study aimed to develop an anti-corrosion primer for steel based on natural rubber (NR). Graft copolymers of NR and poly(methacrylic acid), NR-g-PMAA, were first synthesized using a solution polymerization technique. The degree of grafting of poly(methacrylic acid) in NR-g-PMAA was evaluated by the 1H-NMR technique. The primer was then prepared by compounding the synthesized NR-g-PMAA with colour pigment and isocyanate crosslinking agent (poly-HDI). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated the formation of amide and anhydride linkages in the NR-g-PMAA primer by reaction with poly-HDI under ambient conditions. The cross-cut and salt-spray tests suggested that good adhesion of the primer to the steel was achieved by adding a 2:1 molar ratio of poly-HDI:MAA. The addition of poly-HDI to the NR-g-PMAA primer also significantly improved its weathering resistance. No rust deposits formed on the steel coated with the cured primer after 500 h of exposure in a QUV Accelerated Weathering tester. In contrast, a layer of iron oxide formed over the steel coated with the uncured primer, indicating that it corroded during testing. The X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the iron oxides formed under the experimental conditions were dominantly lepidocrocite and goethite. Hence, it can be stated that when the NR-g-PMAA primer is formulated in conjunction with an appropriate amount of poly-HDI, it offers the potential to develop an anti-rust primer for steel.

Primer is widely used to prepare bonding of chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) pipe. The study examined the influences of primer and its major component, acetone, on CPVC's mechanical properties. Two types of CPVC product, sheet and pipe, were used in the mechanical testing. Sheet specimens were immersed in acetone or primer for 40 and 10 min, respectively, i.e., the maximum allowable time without mass loss, and then dried in air before the mechanical testing. Pipe (ring) specimens were treated either through immersion in acetone or primer for 30 min or in contact with these solvents locally on the inner surface for 2.5 h, and then air dried for 10.5 days before the mechanical testing. Results showed that CPVC's strength decreased after the absorption of these solvents, and air dry could remove acetone but not completely primer. The study also showed that pipe specimens by local contact with primer could generate brittle fracture. In view that sheet specimens always fractured in a ductile manner, brittle fracture of the pipe specimens could not be caused by CPVC degradation. Rather, strength decrease in the local region could provide a plausible explanation for the brittle fracture behavior, though further investigation is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent years have witnessed an increased prevalence of intrinsic and acquired beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, severely limiting human and veterinary medicine therapeutic options. The present study aimed to design specific oligonucleotides for rapid PCR detection of the cephalosporinase-encoding gene blaEC (BlaEC family class C beta-lactamase). A total of three primers were designed to detect 2281 variants of the blaEC gene and two sets of primer pairs were also tested against DNA from 11 strains. The study indicates that the proposed primers should be able to detect 100% of all described blaEC genes in different bacterial strains and monitor their spread. After comparing the amino acid sequences, a phylogenetic tree was created based on the presence of conserved amino acids and homologous motifs. More than 24 760 mutations in BlaEC enzymes have been identified. The mutations involving 371 amino acid positions and these hotspots can change the structure and activity of the monitored enzymes. We predicted several BlaEC enzymes with a broadened substrate activity against higher-generation cephalosporins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis) belongs to the Rosacea family. The main distribution area for edible cherry laurels is the Blacksea shores in Turkey. In the study, it was aimed to reveal the differences among the various cherry laurel genotypes by using the SSR molecular marker technique. Cherry laurel genotypes were selected from the Black Sea Region of Turkey. A total of 15 SSR primer pairs were developed and used for Prunus species, and the phylogenetic relationship and polymorphism rates were also demonstrated. As a result, 13 SSR primers resulted in scorable DNA band profiles. UDAp-401 SSR primer was detected with a minimum of 3 alleles and BBCT001 primer with a maximum of 17 alleles. The average number of alleles was observed at 9 per locus. Whereas, the average number of polymorphic bands per SSR marker was calculated as 8.38. Additionally, 109 polymorphic DNA profiles were obtained from a total of 117, and the polymorphism rate was calculated as 93.5%. The band patterns resulting from SSR analysis showed multiple alleles, suggesting polyploidy in cherry laurel. In conclusion, we determined that the SSR molecular markers could be used to identify the different cherry laurel genotypes. Furthermore, these results depicted that among the different genotypes sampled there is significant genetic variability that can be useful for future research and breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Rubber Industry is the property of Editorial Office of China Rubber Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of a surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG)-containing sealant on the demineralization inhibition and remineralization of intact enamel adjacent to the sealant material was investigated. BeautiSealant (BTS, S-PRG sealant, Shofu), Teeth Mate F-12.0 (TMF, fluoride-releasing sealant, Kuraray Noritake Dental), and an experimental silica-filler sealant were investigated. After pH cycling for 10 days, the enamel surface adjacent to the sealant material was observed using confocal laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The polymerized sealant disks were immersed in a demineralized solution (pH: 4.3) to measure pH change. The enamel specimens with polymerized sealant disks were additionally immersed in demineralized solution, followed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The demineralized area of BTS was significantly smaller than that of TMF and SS (p < 0.05). The surfaces adjacent to the sealant of TMF and SS were demineralized, while the surface of BTS was comparatively intact. An increase in pH values were observed in the BTS and TMF groups. Enamel surfaces presented an inhibition of demineralization for BTS and TMF, but not for SS. Fluoride uptake from the polymerized sealant was greater for BTS than for TMF. The S-PRG-containing sealant showed a buffering ability, demineralization inhibition, promotion of remineralization, and it can be advised for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population declines have been documented in many species within the genus Neotoma. Eastern woodrat, Neotoma floridana, recovery efforts in the Shawnee National Forest (SNF), Illinois USA provided an opportunity to study the long-term population-level genetic changes following an augmentation and reintroduction. We developed 24 microsatellite markers using QDD and genotyped 32 eastern woodrats from a single population. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 14 (mean = 7). Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.375 to 0.969 per locus and expected heterozygosity from 0.485 to 0.854. Two loci showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium following Bonferroni sequential corrections. These markers will provide valuable information useful for studying population dynamics of eastern woodrats and closely-related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaea have been reported from deadwood of a few different tree species in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems in the past. However, while one of their functions is well linked to methane production any additional contribution to wood decomposition is not understood and underexplored which may be also attributed to lacking investigations on their diversity in this substrate. With this current work, we aim at encouraging further investigations by providing aid in primer choice for DNA metabarcoding using Illumina amplicon sequencing. We tested 16S primer pairs on genomic DNA extracted from woody tissue of four temperate deciduous tree species. Three primer pairs were specific to archaea and one prokaryotic primer pair theoretically amplifies both, bacterial and archaeal DNA. Methanobacteriales and Methanomassiliicoccales have been consistently identified as dominant orders across all datasets but significant variability in ASV richness was observed using different primer combinations. Nitrososphaerales have only been identified when using archaea-specific primer sets. In addition, the most commonly applied primer combination targeting prokaryotes in general yielded the lowest relative proportion of archaeal sequences per sample, which underlines the fact, that using target specific primers unraveled a yet unknown diversity of archaea in deadwood. Hence, archaea seem to be an important group of the deadwood-inhabiting community and further research is needed to explore their role during the decomposition process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article about ideological format of the children's first reader/alphabet book (on the material of the Russian-language textbooks).The article elaborates upon the role of ideologemes in the first textbooks that teach literacy to children. The stable verbal compounds as well as visual means in educational texts can act as representatives of ideological attitudes. The empirical research embraces the selection of ABC books (primers, alphabet books) and first readers published in Russian in pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet Russia in the period from 1903 to the present. The authors conclude that the basic universal values actualized by ideologemes do not undergo significant changes over time, while the socio-political artificially formed (phantom) ones transform or disappear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of research on the use of RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) molecular primers, linked to the sign of fiber content in the stems of flax. The main purpose of the research is to identify genetic polymorphism based on the fiber content, inter- and intraspecific genetic relationships between domestic and foreign flax varieties and hybrids. Realization of this aim will allow the number of tasks: 1) to increase the possibilities for successfully identify flax varieties and hybrids, 2) group the breeding material according to its genetic affinity, which will optimize the selection of pairs for crossing, 3) it is better to integrate traditional breeding methods (hybridization, selection, mutagenesis) with molecular biology methods for creation flax varieties with specified parameters of valuable economic traits and, as a consequence, to make selection most successful. 24 varieties and hybrids of flax were investigated using the method of polymerase chain reaction and separation of DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis. A small number of loci on electrophoregrams were detected, which indicates a small affinity of the selection material, which was also confirmed by the use of cluster analysis.

This study evaluates the expression level of genes that change by pressure changes in astronautics and diving disorders such as decompression sickness. This study was performed on five skilled divers to analyze the expression level of TLR-2, HSP-72, IL-1b, NF-kB, and MPO genes that are responsible for pro-inflammatory conditions. In addition, the expression level of DRD4 and BNIP3 genes (Astronaut index genes that were previously measured in a spacecraft study on mice) was analyzed on native Iranian samples. Blood samples were taken half an hour after diving, RNA was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized. Then, real-time PCR was done. Based on the results obtained using the T-Student statistical method, it was found that the expression level of all genes except MPO and TLR-2 genes increased significantly after exposure to pressure changes and diving activities. These conditions can be a permanent effect after pressure changes and can be considered an indicator for healthy people under stress in diving and astronautics.

A variety of rodent ceca are parasitized by Tritrichomonas muris (T. muris), a flagellated protozoan. To date, there are no ideal methods for the detection of T. muris infections in laboratory mice; thus, new molecular methodologies for its specific detection need to be developed. In this study, using staining and SEM, it was observed that T. muris has a pear-shaped body and contains three anterior flagella. A nested PCR system with novel specific primers was designed based on the conserved regions of the SSU rRNA gene of T. muris. The nested PCR system for T. muris showed good specificity and high sensitivity for at least 100 T. muris trophozoites/mL and 0.1 ng/μL of fecal genomic DNA, which means that 176 trophozoites per gram of mouse feces could be detected. When using this nested PCR system, the detection rate was 18.96% (58/306), which was higher than the detection rate of 14.05% (43/306) detected via smear microscopy in fecal samples from five mouse strains. The sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR in detecting T. muris was found to be 100%, and it demonstrated a 26% increase in diagnostic sensitivity compared to the smear microscopy method in the present study. In conclusion, the nested PCR developed with novel primers based on the SSU rRNA gene of T. muris has good accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity for the detection of T. muris infections in laboratory mice.

IntroductionDendrobium species have been widely used for many health disorders since ancient times. However, due to unrelenting collection to meet the increasing demand for their use in medication and other health products, the natural habitats of medicinal Dendrobium transparens have been devastated and are on the verge of extinction.MethodsAn efficient in-vitro propagation protocol for Dendrobium transparens using seed derived protocorms was established and genetic homogeneity of the in-vitro regenerants and the wild plant was studied. ResultsThe maximum seed germination was observed in Full strength Murashige and Skoog medium (FMS). Induction of protocorms were achieved on basal as well as half-strength MS medium. The highest number of shoot (11.9 shoots/explant) was achieved in half MS medium fortified with 100 mL/L coconut water in addition with Benzyl amino purine (BAP) 1 mg/L and Kinetin 2 mg/L. Further, elongated shoots were transferred to full and half strength MS root initiating medium supplemented with different concentration of auxins. However, a maximum of (8.3 ± 0.6, 4.9 ± 0.1 cm) roots were achieved in full MS medium fortified with 100 mL/L coconut water and Napthalene acetic acid (NAA) 1.5 mg/L. Ten rapid Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers were used to analyze genetic stability among in-vitro and mother plant. RAPD primers produced a total of 23 fragments while ISSR primers produced a total of 16 fragments. ConclusionThe amplified bands of all the samples of in-vitro plants were similar to bands of mother plant. The present research reported here is indicating the applicability of tissue culture for true-to-type plant production and conservation of D. transperens.

The threat of invasion is growing globally and endangers biodiversity. Exotic invasive plants are putting a harm to the vegetation of Pakistan’s Pothwar region, which is a biodiversity hotspot. In the current study, the effects of Broussonetia papyrifera, Parthenium hysterophorus, Xanthium strumarium, and Lantana camara on the local flora in the Pothwar area were examined. Two categorical groups (invaded and non-invaded) were used in a dichotomized experimental design to collect data. Using the software PRIMER-7 and IBM SPSS v. 21, different diversity indices including Margalef’s index of species richness, Shannon index of diversity, and Simpson index of dominance were measured and compared between invaded and control plots. In comparison to the experimental plots, the control plots had an average of more individuals and diversity. On a multivariate scale, non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) revealed higher species richness in control plots. The invasion effect of L. camara was the highest, followed by X. strumarium, P. hysterophorus, and B. papyrifera.

Archaea have been reported from deadwood of a few different tree species in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems in the past. However, while one of their functions is well linked to methane production any additional contribution to wood decomposition is not understood and underexplored which may be also attributed to lacking investigations on their diversity in this substrate. With this current work, we aim at encouraging further investigations by providing aid in primer choice for DNA metabarcoding using Illumina amplicon sequencing. We tested 16S primer pairs on genomic DNA extracted from woody tissue of four temperate deciduous tree species. Three primer pairs were specific to archaea and one prokaryotic primer pair theoretically amplifies both, bacterial and archaeal DNA. Methanobacteriales and Methanomassiliicoccales have been consistently identified as dominant orders across all datasets but significant variability in ASV richness was observed using different primer combinations. Nitrososphaerales have only been identified when using archaea-specific primer sets. In addition, the most commonly applied primer combination targeting prokaryotes in general yielded the lowest relative proportion of archaeal sequences per sample, which underlines the fact, that using target specific primers unraveled a yet unknown diversity of archaea in deadwood. Hence, archaea seem to be an important group of the deadwood-inhabiting community and further research is needed to explore their role during the decomposition process.

ABSTRACT Performing a PCR often does not teach students what happens in a PCR. This kinesthetic, hands-on exercise allows students to simulate by hand the steps of a PCR. Each step of the first two cycles is modeled with template DNA and primers formed from paper, with additional newly synthesized DNA strands written in chalk. At the end of the exercise, students design primers to amplify the chosen sequence. They also attain a greater understanding of the restrictions that limit DNA polymerase activity, which are of general importance to molecular biology.

Purpose: To examine the durability of composite bonding to zirconia after artificial aging using different products containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP). Materials and Methods: Conditioning methods were: none (control [Ctr]; Clearfil SA Luting [CSL]; Panavia SA Luting Plus [PSLP]), MDP-containing zirconia primers (Z-Prime Plus [ZP]; Clearfil Ceramic Primer [CCP]), and MDP-containing universal adhesives (Single Bond Universal [SBU]; Clearfil Universal Bond [CUB]). For the Ctr, ZP, CCP, SBU, and CUB groups, the Y-TZP plates were bonded with MDP-free composite cement. For the remaining two groups, each Y-TZP plate was bonded with one of MDP-containing self-adhesive composite cements (CSL; PSLP). The specimens in each group (n = 30) were divided into two subgroups, with one subgroup of samples subjected to 24-h water storage and the other to aging through 30,000 thermocycles plus 180-day water storage. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured. For each conditioning method, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS) was used to quantify the release of phosphorus, and microleakage was evaluated through a methylene-blue dyeing technique. Results: The Ctr group exhibited the lowest SBS regardless of aging. Thermocycling and water storage significantly decreased the SBS in all groups, with the exception of the groups with the MDP-containing zirconia primers. Groups with MDP-containing universal adhesives and self-adhesive composite cements presented brand-dependent higher SBS, even after aging. ICP-MS detected phosphorus release from all of the MDP-containing products. Microleakage was identified at the interfaces of all bonded specimens, with the highest rate detected in the Ctr group. Conclusion: MDP-containing primers, universal adhesives, and composite cements create bonds to zirconia with acceptable strength after long-term aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of two dissimilar materials has always been a serious problem in dentistry. In order to meet this challenge, it is necessary to combine both chemical methods (treatment with silanes, (meth)acrylic functional monomers) and the development of the surface of the joined material in a physical way, e.g., by sandblasting with alumina, alumina with silica, acid etching, the use of lasers and other means. The purpose of this literature review is to present all methods of joining dental composites with other materials such as ceramics, metal, another composite material. This review covers articles published within the period 2012–2022 in journals indexed in the PubMed database, written in English and describing joining different dental materials to each other. All the critical steps of new joint preparation have been addressed, including proper cleaning of the joint surface, the application of appropriate primers capable of forming a chemical bond between ceramics, zirconium oxide or metals and alloys, and finally, the application of new composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitric oxide reductases (NORs) have a central role in denitrification, detoxification of nitric oxide (NO) in host-pathogen interactions, and NO-mediated cell-cell signaling. In this study, we focus on the phylogeny and detection of qNOR and cNOR genes because of their nucleotide sequence similarity and evolutionary relatedness to cytochrome oxidases, their key role in denitrification, and their abundance in natural, agricultural, and wastewater ecosystems. We also include nitric oxide dismutase (NOD) due to its similarity to qNOR. Using 548 nor sequences from publicly accessible databases and sequenced isolates from N2O-producing bioreactors, we constructed phylogenetic trees for 289 qnor/nod genes and 259 cnorB genes. These trees contain evidence of horizontal gene transfer and gene duplication, with 13.4% of the sequenced strains containing two or more nor genes. By aligning amino acid sequences for qnor + cnor, qnor, and cnor, we identified four highly conserved regions for NOR and NOD, including two highly conserved histidine residues at the active site for qNOR and cNOR. Extending this approach, we identified conserved sequences for: 1) all nor (nor-universal); 2) all qnor (qnor-universal) and all cnor (cnor-universal); 3) qnor of Comamonadaceae; 4) Clade-specific sequences; and 5) nod of Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera. Examples of primer performance were confirmed experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Producao Online is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A polyester-based coil primer with high processability is introduced. The coil coated metal can be punched and bent, and has excellent post-forming performance. The 0T bending test reaches grade 0, and after 0T bending, it can resistent to heat water at 70 °C for 24 hours and has no peeling off. The blocked isocyanate and amino resin are used as the crosslinking agent. The influence of various raw materials on the performance of the coating is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CRISPR/Cas9 has dramatically changed how we conduct genetic research, providing a tool for precise sequence editing. However, new applications of CRISPR/Cas9 have emerged that do not involve nuclease activity. In the accompanying article "A dCas9-based system identifies a central role for Ctf19 in kinetochore-derived suppression of meiotic recombination," Kuhl et al. utilize a catalytically dead Cas9 to localize proteins at specific genomic locations. The authors seek to understand the role of kinetochore proteins in the suppression of meiotic recombination, a phenomenon that has been observed in centromere regions. By harnessing the power of CRISPR/Cas9 to bind specific genomic sequences, Kuhl et al. localized individual kinetochore proteins to areas of high meiotic recombination and assessed their role in suppression. This primer article provides undergraduate students with background information on chromosomes, meiosis, recombination and CRISPR/Cas9 to support their reading of the Kuhl et al. study. This primer is intended to help students and instructors navigate the study's experimental design, interpret the results, and appreciate the broader scope of meiotic recombination and CRISPR/Cas9. Questions are included to facilitate discussion of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the difference in failure rates between orthodontic brackets bonded with light-cured primer and those bonded without primer., Material and Methods: An electronic search of five databases and additional manual searches were performed until January 2024. Randomized and prospective non-randomized controlled trials directly comparing the bracket failure rate with and without primer. Two authors independently collected study characteristics by extracting outcome data from pre-defined sheets. After evaluating the risk of bias, the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with random-effects models., Results: Four studies were evaluated using qualitative and quantitative analysis. The analysis included data from 199 patients (1691 brackets with primer and 1646 brackets without primer). Random effects of pooled meta-analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences in the bracket failure rates (odds ratio=1.50, p=0.010, [95% CI 1.10 to 2.05]). The risk of failure was 1.5 times greater when brackets were bonded without primer., Conclusion: The results should be interpreted in the context of the limited sample size, even though there was a substantial difference in the failure rates of brackets with and without a primer, favouring the use of a primer. Furthermore, the validity of the finding may be limited by potential variables such as patient factors, clinician expertise, and isolation. More extensive research is required to validate these findings (PROSPERO CRD42024593134)., (Copyright © 2024 CEO. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Moth orchids ( Phalaenopsis spp.) are globally popular ornamental flowers. However, effective management strategies for Phalaenopsis leaf yellowing remain elusive, making the disease a challenging obstacle affecting moth orchids at various growth stages. This disease manifests as collar rot, leaf yellowing, leaf abscission, and eventually, plant death. The lack of effective management strategies is likely attributed to a limited understanding of the disease pathogenesis and pathogen dissemination pathways. Fusarium phalaenopsidis sp. nov. was established in this study to stabilize the classification status of Phalaenopsis leaf yellowing pathogens using molecular and morphological features. The genome of the holotype strain was sequenced and assembled, revealing its genome structures. Analyses of virulence-related elements, including transposon elements, secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, effectors, and secreted carbohydrate-active enzymes, shed light on the potential roles of three fast core chromosomes in virulence. Two species-specific primers were designed based on unique gene sequences of two virulence-related proteins through comparative genomics and BLAST screening. The specificity of these primers was validated using isolates of F. phalaenopsidis , non-target species in the Fusarium solani species complex, other Fusarium species complexes, and saprophytic fungi. These results are intended to accelerate the identification of the pathogens, facilitate the study of disease pathogenesis, and pave the way for elucidating pathogen dissemination pathways. Ultimately, they aim to contribute to the formulation of effective control strategies against Phalaenopsis leaf yellowing., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Tsao, Li, Tu, Nai, Lin and Wang.)

Multidrug resistance efflux pumps (MDREPs) in biofilm communities have become an increasingly expensive problem in clinical settings. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection can be used to diagnose and characterize these genes, but this requires effective primer design to minimize false positives and negatives in test conclusions. A universal primer approach has previously been used to detect conserved core genes but not for accessory genes such as MDREPs. This study describes a guideline for the design of primers used in the detection of MDREP genes and an optimization approach for creating primers by using multiple sequence alignments to target conserved regions in silico , progressing from in silico to in vitro to generate working primers. Using this approach, this paper was able to generate primers to target sugE , a small multidrug resistance (SMR) protein found in microbial species. Primers were tested positively against synthetic DNA sequences but were inconsistent with DNA extracted from the organism of interest. Primer design informs the shortfalls of this detection technique and the difficulty in characterizing such genomic elements., Competing Interests: Human subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve human participants or tissue. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Hui et al.)

This article continues the research of the 19th-century Lithuanian Calvinist texts. A hypothesis was raised regarding the unusual structure of Mykolas Cerauskas Seanas katechismas (1803), i.e. the sequence of parts of the catechesis. This sequence could have been determined by the 18th-century catechism compiler (whose work was taken over by Cerauskas) relying on the first catechism of Jan Seklucjan, published in East Prussia, or perhaps the traditional structure of early German catechisms (the works of Georg Major), which was closely related to the education of children in the late Middle Ages. Another Calvinist work is even more closely related to Prussian Lithuania and children’s education – the primer ABC knigeła (1861). It was detected that it was not an original work, but a text (a small fragment) taken from Friedrich Kurschat’s (1841) publication of the translation of the catechism and its comments prepared by Johann Gottlieb Weiß. The primer cannot be considered solely borrowed from the Prussian Lithuanian Lutheran writings, because the Calvinist editor made numerous spelling and lexical corrections, which brought it very close to the Calvinist writing tradition. In the middle of the 19th century, there were more Calvinist publications, whose authors included the texts of the Lutherans of Prussian Lithuania that were rearranged in their own way.

Abstract In order to monitor the effects of anthropogenic pressures in ecosystems, molecular techniques can be used to characterize species composition. Among molecular markers capable of identifying species, the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) is the most used. However, new possibilities of biodiversity profiling have become possible, in which molecular fragments of medium and short-length can now be analyzed in metabarcoding studies. Here, a survey of fishes from the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago was barcoded using the COI marker, which allowed the identification of 21 species. This paved the way to further investigate the fish biodiversity of the archipelago, transitioning from barcoding to metabarcoding analysis. As preparatory steps for future metabarcoding studies, the first extensive COI library of fishes listed for these islands was constructed and includes new data generated in this survey as well as previously available data, resulting in a final database with 9,183 sequences from 169 species and 63 families of fish. A new primer specifically designed for those fishes was tested in silico to amplify a region of 262 bp. The new approach should guarantee a reliable surveillance of the archipelago and can be used to generate policies that will enhance the archipelago’s protection.

Recent advances in genomic technologies have enabled more in-depth study of the oral microbiome. In this study, we compared the amplicons generated by primers targeting different sites of the 16S rRNA gene found in the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD). Six sets of primer targeting V1–V2, V1–V3, V3–V4, V4–V5, V5–V7 and V6–V8 regions of 16S rRNA were tested via in silico simulation. Primers targeting the V1–V2, V3–V4, and V4–V5 regions generated more than 90% of the original input sequences. Primers targeting the V1–V2 and V1–V3 regions exhibited a low number of mismatches and unclassified sequences at the taxonomic level, but there were notable discrepancies at the species level. Phylogenetic tree comparisons showed primers targeting the V1–V2 and V3–V4 regions showed performances similar to primers targeting the whole 16s RNA region in terms of separating total oral microbiomes and periodontopathogens. In an analysis of clinical oral samples, V1–V2 primers showed superior performance for identifying more taxa and had better resolution sensitivity for Streptococcus than V3–V4 primers. In conclusion, primers targeting the V1–V2 region of 16S rRNA showed the best performance for oral microbiome studies. In addition, the study demonstrates the need for careful PCR primer selections.

Comammox, as a newly discovered ammonia oxidizer, urgently needs highly efficient and specific primers to detect its community structure and diversity. In this study, the performance of widely used primer set Ntsp-amoA 162F/359R and newly designed primer sets comamoA F/R, CA377f/C576r, and CB377f/C576r were evaluated, for high-throughput sequencing of comammox amoA genes in natural and arable soils sampled from two locations in the black soil region of northeast China. Results showed that, compared with the primer set comamoA F/R, primers Ntsp-amoA 162F/359R had more advantages in detecting comammox operational taxonomic unit (OTU) numbers, diversity, and community structure. The primer sets CA377f/C576r and CB377f/C576r had an advantage in detecting comammox sequences with low relative abundance. In addition, the results of the phylogenetic tree and the relative abundance of dominant OTUs showed that the comammox in the black soils of northeast China was dominated by Nitrospira Clade B. Furthermore, our study found that long-term land use reduced the alpha diversity of the comammox community, but lead to the convergent evolution of community structure. The Mantel test and canonical correspondence analysis indicated that soil NO3--N content was the most important factor affecting the community structure of comammox. Our study provided experience accumulation for the selection of comammox primers for high-throughput sequencing in the black soil of northeast China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research included studying the genetic markers for nineteen cultivars of apricot, comprising: Khudrawi1, Heshari, Sharika, Saboni, Labibi, Zaghini, Zingili, Herfi, Aisha, Tariq1, Tariq2, Al-Mostafa, Pigeon eggs, AlQaissi, Laozi, Khudrawi2, Khawki, Khairi and Orange Hashari. Hereditarily, it was employed one of the markers that depend on PCR, was Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), in order to detect the genetic variation among cultivars and to find genetic distance and cumulative analysis for nineteen samples. DNA was isolated from the plant leaves, then the RAPD reactions were employed by using sixteen primers; the products then were electrophoresed on a 1.5% agarose gel. It was noticeable that the primer which gave more bands is OP D-18, it gave 154 bands; its efficiency was 10.9, while its differentiation capacity was11.1. The variety rate of the cultivars by using this primer was 100%. On the other hand, the less producible primer was OP H-16, it produced only 29 bands and had less efficiency (2), while its differentiation capacity was 2.1. The variety rate of the cultivars by using OP H-16 was100%. It must be mentioned that the summation of the unique bands that appeared by using primers was 28 bands distributed among the studied cultivars. Khudrawi2 was butter luck, it owned 12 unique bands. It’s clear that the genetic markers had a role in the morphological variation, isolation of apricots’ cultivars and classifying them. The genetic tree which depended on RAPD primers showed that the most relative cultivars were Tariq1 and AlMustafa from Al-Alam; their relative rate was (0.9209 ), so they are regarded as the most relative variety. Whereas, the maximum genetic distance was 0.3220, which appeared between Zengili and Khudrawi2. The next was 0.3446 between Sharika and Khudhrawi2, then 0.3672 between Khudhrawi2 and Tariq2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bonding is an integral part of orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic bonding could be accomplished without the use of primer, it might be possible to reduce the risk of occupational exposure to primer and will save time. So it is very important to know whether primer is required or not. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic and ceramic brackets bonded with and without primer application and to check for residual adhesive post debonding. Material and Method: A total of 100 extracted human premolar teeth were divided into 2 main groups A and B which were further subdivided into: Group A1 - metallic brackets bonded with primer; Group A2 - ceramic brackets bonded with primer; Group B1 - metallic brackets bonded without primer; group B2 - ceramic brackets bonded without primer. The SBS of these brackets was measured. Result: The SBS of group A2 was significantly higher than the other groups, group A1 was the second highest, group B3 was the third highest and group B4 was the least significant. The adhesive remnant index was lowest on failure of ceramic brackets bonded with primer. Conclusion: SBS of ceramic brackets bonded without primer is superior to SBS of metallic bracket bonded without primer and metallic brackets bonded with primer was superior than metallic bonded without primer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vilnius University Open Series is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Compromised activity is a common impediment for biologics requiring endosome trafficking into target cells. In cancer cells, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are trapped in endosomes or subsequently pumped extracellularly, leading to a reduction in intracellular accumulation. In subsets of dendritic cells (DCs), endosome-engulfed antigens face non-specific proteolysis and collateral damage to epitope immunogenicity before proteasomal processing and subsequent surface presentation. To bypass these shortcomings, we devised Accum™, a conjugable biotechnology harboring cholic acid (ChAc) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence for endosome escape and prompt nuclear targeting. Combined, these mechanisms culminate in enhanced intracellular accumulation and functionalization of coupled biologics. As proof-of-principle, we have biochemically characterized Accum, demonstrating its adaptability to ADCs or antigens in different cancer settings. Additionally, we have validated that endosome escape and nuclear routing are indispensable for effective intracellular accumulation and guaranteed target cell selectivity. Importantly, we have demonstrated that the unique mechanism of action of Accum translates into enhanced tumor cytotoxicity when coupled to ADCs, and durable therapeutic and prophylactic anti-cancer immunogenicity when coupled to tumor antigens. As more pre-clinical evidence accumulates, the adaptability, unique mechanism of action, and high therapeutic potency of Accum signal a promising transition into clinical investigations in the context of onco-immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is considered the main defoliating insect pest of maize in many countries. Silicon (Si) applied to plants has been shown to increase the resistance to insects, especially in grasses such as maize. This study characterized the effects of Si fertilization regarding priming, induced resistance, and tolerance to FAW in a landrace variety and hybrid of maize. Si was applied in soil of potted-plants as H4SiO4 at 2 t ha−1 when maize plants were at V2 stage, and when they reached V3 two FAW neonates were placed in the plant's whorls to cause herbivory. FAW performance was evaluated on excised leaf sections in the laboratory and on plants with larvae infesting V4-stage plants in the greenhouse. Concentrations of H2O2, malondialdehyde, and Si, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were recorded and correlated to Si-based responses on plant growth, and FAW injury and performance. As main results, there was reduced FAW injury and larval weight gain in Si-treated plants subjected to herbivory. Greater root dry mass was observed in the landrace variety with Si and without herbivory. Landrace plants showed higher shoot weights than the hybrid under FAW infestation. Si-fertilized plants showed higher H2O2 concentrations. The highest peroxidase activities occurred in Si-treated plants without herbivory, and the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were highest in Si-treated plants without herbivory or herbivory-injured plants without Si. In conclusion, Si-based defense in maize to FAW involve mixed effects of priming and tolerance, and were more pronounced in the landrace variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA based sequencing technology has revolutionized the field of microbial ecology and environmental studies. However, biases can be introduced at all experimental steps and, thus, affect the interpretation of microbial community. So far, previous studies on the biases introduced from the key steps of DNA extraction and primer sets mainly focused on the bacterial communities in soil or sediment samples, while little is known about the effect on the eukaryotic microbial communities. Here, we studied the effects of three different DNA extraction kits on both prokaryotic and micro-eukaryotic communities by 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and further disentangled the influence of primer choice on the micro-eukaryotic communities. Our results showed that the FastDNA SPIN Kit for Soil and DNeasy PowerSoil Kit produced much higher DNA yield with good reproducibility, and observed more eukaryotic OTUs compared to the MinkaGene DNA extraction kit, but all three kits exhibited comparable ability in recovering bacterial alpha diversity. Of the two primer sets, both targeting the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene, the TAR primer set detected higher number of unique OTUs than the EK primer set, while the EK primer set resulted in longer amplicons and better reproducibility between replicates. Based on our findings, we recommend using the DNeasy PowerSoil Kit with the EK primer set to capture the abundant micro-eukaryotic taxa from freshwater sediment samples. If a more complete picture of the eukaryotic microbial community is desired, the TAR primer set in combination with the FastDNA SPIN Kit is more efficient in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Animal Production & Processing Technology / JurnalIlmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ballistics / Dandao Xuebao is the property of Journal of Ballistics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder of bleeding which is defined as having thrombocytopenia (platelet count below 100.000/µL). Most ITP cases in children are acute and recent various guidelines have established a wait-and-see protocol as management for children with ITP since it is assumed to be temporary and will most likely to resolve spontaneously. Objectives: For this case report, a case of primary ITP in a child will be discussed. In the following discussion section, several ITP consensus guidelines will be discerned and compared to see which is the more appropriate guideline to adhere in managing a newly diagnosed ITP case in children. The case report is used as a ‘trigger’ to dissect the core treatment suggestions described in the inspected consensus guidelines. Case Illustration: A 6-years-old female child presents to a hospital with a chief complaint of having red spots in her arms and legs since a day ago. The red spots she complained was the first time to be experienced. She had no prior fever, (bloody) diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Physical examination showed no remarkable abnormalities other than numerous petechiae in the upper and lower extremities. Discussion: The patient in this case was finally admitted and treated in the hospital as an inpatient with corticosteroid, antibiotics, and platelet concentrates despite the current guidelines that generally advocate against these treatments. This case report may give an insight regarding the factors needed to be considered before treating a child with newly diagnosed ITP. Conclusion: The Joint Working Group (JWG) consensus seems to be the most comprehensive guideline in treatment of newly diagnosed ITP in children, compared to the American Society of Hematology (ASH) and International Consensus Report guideline. Keywords: hematology, ITP, newly diagnosed, primary, thrombocytopenia Latar Belakang: Immune trombositopenia purpura (ITP) merupakan sebuah penyakit perdarahan otoimun yang didefinisikan sebagai adanya trombositopenia (trombosit dibawah 100.000/µL). Mayoritas kasus ITP pada anak bersifat akut dan konsensus terkini menyarankan protokol “wait and see” sebagai tatalaksana untuk anak dengan ITP karena dianggap hanya sementara dan cenderung akan membaik secara spontan. Tujuan: Untuk laporan kasus ini, sebuah kasus ITP primer pada anak akan dibahas. Pada bagian diskusi, beberapa panduan terkait ITP akan diulas dan diperbandingkan untuk melihat panduan mana yang paling sesuai untuk mengatasi kasus baru (newly diagnosed) ITP pada anak. Laporan kasus ini digunakan sebagai pengantar untuk membahas intisari tatalaksana ITP dalam konsensus-konsensus yang dipakai. Ilustrasi Kasus: Anak perempuan berusia 6 tahun datang ke rumah sakit dengan keluhan utama adanya bintik-bintik merah pada kedua lengan dan tungkainya sejak sehari lalu. Bintik-bintik merah tersebut baru pertama kali dialami. Dia tidak menderita demam, diare (berdarah), nausea, dan vomitus. Pada pemeriksaan fisik, hanya ditemukan petekie-petekie di kedua ekstremitas atas dan bawah. Pembahasan: Pasien dalam kasus ini dirawatinapkan dan diberi kortikosteroid, antibiotik, dan konsentrat trombosit sebagai tatalaksananya, meskipun panduan-panduan yang ada secara umum tidak menyarankan tatalaksana demikian. Laporan kasus ini diharapkan memberikan wawasan terkait faktor-faktor yang penting untuk dipertimbangkan sebelum merawat seorang anak dengan kasus baru ITP. Kesimpulan: Konsensus Joint Working Group (JWG) tampaknya menjadi panduan paling komprehensif dalam tatalaksana anak dengan kasus baru ITP, dibanding panduan American Society of Hematology (ASH) dan International Consensus Report. Kata Kunci: hematologi, ITP, newly diagnosed, primer, trombositopenia

Marine mussels use catechol-rich interfacial mussel foot proteins (mfps) as primers that attach to mineral surfaces via hydrogen, metal coordination, electrostatic, ionic, or hydrophobic bonds, creating a secondary surface that promotes bonding to the bulk mfps. Inspired by this biological adhesive primer, it is shown that a ≈1 nm thick catecholic single-molecule priming layer increases the adhesion strength of crosslinked polymethacrylate resin on mineral surfaces by up to an order of magnitude when compared with conventional primers such as noncatecholic silane- and phosphate-based grafts. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that catechol groups anchor to a variety of mineral surfaces and shed light on the binding mode of each molecule. Here, a ≈50% toughness enhancement is achieved in a stiff load-bearing polymer network, demonstrating the utility of mussel-inspired bonding for processing a wide range of polymeric interfaces, including structural, load-bearing materials.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of different surface treatments on the repair of veneered zirconia ceramics. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight zirconia disks were divided into three groups according to the method of surface treatment: polished surface, air abraded, or ground using a special silicon carbide bur (SiC Grinding Bur). All specimens were primed using a primer containing MDP (Cimara Zircon, Voco) and then bonded to composite in Plexiglas tubes using dual-curing adhesive resin (Bifix QM, Voco). Each of the three groups was further divided into two subgroups (n = 8) stored either in water at 37°C for 3 days without thermocycling or stored in water at 37°C for 150 days with an additional 37,500 thermocycles between 5°C and 55°C. After storage, tensile bond strength (TBS) was measured in a universal testing machine. Results: After 3 days of storage, silicon carbide bur and air-abraded groups showed high TBS that ranged from 32.7 to 41.0 MPa (p ≤ 0.05). After 150 days of storage with thermocycling, the air-abraded group showed the most durable TBS (34.8 MPa), while the silicon carbide bur group showed a significant reduction in TBS (21.2 MPa); in the polished control group, specimens all debonded spontaneously during storage (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Repair of zirconia ceramic after chipping of its veneers showed durable TBS when surface conditioning with air abrasion or roughening of the zirconia surface with a silicon carbide bur was provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]