258 results on '"PLAZA BONILLA, Daniel"'
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102. Mantenimiento de la siembra directa en agroecosistemas de secano mediterráneo: efectos sobre los flujos de metano y óxido nitroso
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Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Bareche, Javier, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, and Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
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education - Published
- 2014
103. Cálculo de la huella de carbono de la producción de cereal de invierno en condiciones de secano
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González-de Inza, Andrea, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, and Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
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1 copia .pdf (A-3) del original presentado por los autores., La agricultura es una importante fuente de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) a la atmósfera. • Varios estudios han determinado el impacto de diversas técnicas de manejo agrícola en las emisiones de GEI del suelo a la atmósfera. Sin embargo, existe la necesidad de obtener una mayor información de todo el sistema agrícola y de considerar, así, las emisiones de GEI asociadas a los diferentes procesos y actividades que se dan durante una determinada campaña agrícola (análisis de la huella de carbono). • Este trabajo tiene como finalidad calcular la huella de carbono de la producción de cereal en agroecosistemas mediterráneos de secano del NE español bajo diferentes sistemas de manejo agrícola., Este estudio se ha financiado por la Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología de España (AGL2007‐66320‐C02‐01 y AGL 2010‐22050‐C03‐01/02) y por el Gobierno de Aragón y La Caixa (GALC‐ 050/2011).
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- 2014
104. Long-term analysis of soil water conservation and crop yield under different tillage systems in Mediterranean rainfed conditions
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Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, CICYT (España), Lampurlanés Castel, Jorge, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, CICYT (España), Lampurlanés Castel, Jorge, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, and Cantero-Martínez, Carlos
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This study focuses on the quantification of soil water storage and crop yield under different tillage systems in dryland semiarid Mediterranean conditions. Three long-term tillage experiments based on cereal production were initiated in 1987, 1990 and 1992, at three different locations in the Ebro river valley (NE Spain): El Canós, Selvanera and Agramunt, with an increasing degree of aridity. Different tillage intensities were compared in each experiment using different implements: no tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), chisel (Ch), subsoiler up to 25 cm depth (Sub-25) and up to 50 cm (Sub-50), and mouldboard plough (Mb). Soil water content (SWC) up to 100 cm, soil water storage (SWS), precipitation storage efficiency (PSE) and crop yield were quantified during 8 (El Canós) and 19 years (Selvanera and Agramunt). The use of MT (at Selvanera) and NT (at El Canós and Agramunt) led to the highest SWC after the storage period (i.e., from previous harvest to crop tillering), with a major role played by the storage of water at deep soil layers. At Agramunt, Mb presented the lowest SWS when compared to Ch, Sub-50 and NT, and, consequently, the lowest post-tillering evapotranspiration. On the contrary, no differences were found between tillage systems on SWS at El Canós or at Selvanera. Significant yield differences were found at Agramunt being: NT > Sub-50 > Ch = Mb. These differences were especially important in years with mean yield below 2000 kg ha−1, in which NT obtained the highest productions. At Selvanera yield was greater under conservation tillage (NT, MT) than under intensive tillage (Sub-50). Contrarily, no yield differences were found between tillage systems at El Canós, the site with the lowest water deficit, where crop residues were removed. A strong linear relationship was found between SWS and yield at Agramunt and Selvanera. At Agramunt the relationship presented a greater slope under Mb. In this site, in years with previous harvest-to-tillering SWS below 1
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- 2016
105. Fertilization scenarios in sprinkler irrigated corn under Mediterranean conditions: effects on greenhouse gas emissions
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Gobierno de Aragón, La Caixa, Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, CICYT (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Isla Climente, Ramón, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Quílez Sáez de Viteri, Dolores, Gobierno de Aragón, La Caixa, Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, CICYT (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Isla Climente, Ramón, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, and Quílez Sáez de Viteri, Dolores
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Agricultural soils emit greenhouse gases (GHG). Excessive application of N fertilizer may lead to the accumulation of mineral N in the soil, which is susceptible to loss to the environment. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of two levels of available mineral N before planting (L, low; H, high) and two rates of NH4NO3 fertilizer (0 and 300 kg N ha−1) on soil CH4, CO2, and N2O emissions in a sprinkler-irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) field located in northeastern Spain during two growing seasons (2011 and 2012). For both soil N levels at planting, several sampling dates showed higher N2O emissions in the 300 kg N ha−1 treatment than the 0 kg N ha−1 treatment. Applications of N fertilizer resulted in a short-lived increase of N2O emitted. Differences among fertilization treatments were found for soil CO2 emissions in 2011 and for soil N2O emissions in 2011 and 2012. No differences were found between treatments for CH4. In the 2012 season, the application of 300 kg N ha−1 in the L scenario reduced N2O yield-scaled emissions (g N2O-N kg−1 aboveground N uptake) by 30% due to a significant increase in corn yield (7.6 Mg grain ha−1) compared with the treatment without N. Conversely, under the H scenario, N application doubled yield-scaled N2O emissions. Results of this study demonstrate that fertilization strategies need to take into account mineral N levels in the soil before sowing to reduce GHG emissions during the growing season.
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- 2016
106. Best management practices of tillage and nitrogen fertilization in Mediterranean rainfed conditions: Combining field and modelling approaches
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Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, CICYT (España), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ministerio de Educación y Cultura (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Angás, Pedro, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, CICYT (España), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ministerio de Educación y Cultura (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Angás, Pedro, and Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
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In this work, appropriate management practices for crop production under the variable climate conditions of the Mediterranean region, in particular rainfall, were tested with the use of a modelling system applied to long-term (i.e. 18 years) field data. The calibration of the CropSyst model was performed using data collected from 1996 to 1999 at three different Mediterranean locations (i.e., HYP-Guissona, MYP-Agramunt and LYP-Candasnos, i.e. high, medium and low yield potential, respectively) within a degree of yield potential. The model simulated reasonably well barley growth and yield to different tillage and N fertilization strategies. Simulations of barley performance over 50 years with generated weather data showed that yields were often greater and never smaller under no-tillage compared to conventional tillage with a mean increase of 36%, 63% and 18% for HYP-Guissona, MYP-Agramunt and LYP-Candasnos. In MYP-Agramunt, the long-term data showed a 40% increase in grain yields when using no-tillage compared to conventional tillage, as an average of 18 years. The model also predicted that greater N applications in no-tillage were appropriate to take advantage of additional water supply. Taking into account the limited amount of soil water available, overall N fertilizer applications could be reduced to about half of the traditional rate applied by the farmers without yield loss. The 50-yr simulation, confirmed by the long-term experimental data, identified no-tillage as the most appropriate tillage practice for the rainfed Mediterranean areas. Also, N fertilization must be reduced significantly when tillage is used or when increasing aridity. Our work demonstrates the usefulness of the combination of long-term field experimentation and modelling as a tool to identify the best agricultural management practices. It also highlights the importance of posterior analysis with long-term observed field data to determine the performance of simulation results.
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- 2016
107. Fertilization Scenarios in Sprinkler-Irrigated Corn under Mediterranean Conditions: Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, primary, Arrúe, José Luis, additional, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, additional, Isla, Ramón, additional, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, additional, and Quílez, Dolores, additional
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- 2016
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108. Long-term analysis of soil water conservation and crop yield under different tillage systems in Mediterranean rainfed conditions
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Lampurlanés, Jorge, primary, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, additional, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, additional, and Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
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109. Using DayCent to simulate N2O emissions under different nitrogen fertilization strategies in dryland conditions
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Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Paustian, Keith, Easter, Mark, Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, and Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
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Póster presentado al Workshop "Experimental databases and model of N2O emissions by croplands: do we have what is needed to explore mitigation options (17-19 March 2014. París, INRA). Organized by the Croplands Group, Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases. 1 copia .pdf a-4 del original presentado por los autores., * The addition of large amounts of nitrogen into the soil may favour nitrification and denitrification processes and thus nitrous oxide (N20) emissions. * In Mediterranean European drylands, overfertilization isa common practice despite the typical low crop yields. * In some areas, the rapid development of a large intensive livestock sector has also contributed to this overfertilization due toan excessive accumulation of animal manure. * Consequently, it is essential to determine the impact of N fertilization on soil N20 emissions to establish fertilization management strategies which minimize N Iosses and maximize crop yields.
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- 2014
110. Options for soil organic carbon sequestration in Mediterranean agroecosystems
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Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, Lampurlanés Castel, Jorge, Morell Soler, Francisco Joaquín, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, and Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
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education - Published
- 2014
111. REMSAE: Modeling GHG emissions, N and C dynamics in spanish agricultural soils
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Sanz-Cobena, A., Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Prado, Agustín del, Doltra, Jorge, Téllez, Ángela, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Gallejones, Patricia, Pardo, Guillermo, and Ortiz, Rebeca
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2 Pags. License Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)., In December 2013, the Spanish Group on Agrosystems Modelling (ReMSAE) was created in the framework of the Spanish Network on GHG Mitigation in Agriculture (REMEDIA). The aim of ReMSAE is to modeling GHG, N and C dynamics in agricultura! systems using four different process-based models (DNDC, DayCent/CENTURY, FASSET and SIMSNic) in three contrasting Spanish agrosystems: irrigated crops in Central Spain, rainfed crops in the Northeast and grasslands and forage systems in the North.
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- 2014
112. Beneficios agroambientales de la reducción del laboreo en los secanos semiáridos del valle del Ebro
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Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, and Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel
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dryland farming ,Barbecho ,Cultivos de secano ,erosión eólica ,no-tillage ,reduced tillage ,water conservation ,Agricultura de conservación ,Conservación de agua ,laboreo reducido ,greenhouse gas emission ,conservation agriculture ,no laboreo ,emisión de gases de efecto invernadero ,wind erosion ,fallowing - Abstract
10 Pags.- 3 Tabls.- 3 Figs., [ES] Después de analizar la tendencia actual al aumento de la superficie cultivada con siembra directa o no laboreo y al descenso de la superficie total de barbecho y la del barbecho mantenido con laboreo tradicional, se presenta una síntesis de los resultados obtenidos en las últimas dos décadas sobre los beneficios derivados de la reducción del laboreo, a través de la adopción de técnicas de agricultura de conservación (laboreo reducido y no laboreo) y su influencia en algunos parámetros edáficos, agronómicos y medioambientales en los sistemas de cultivo de secano semiárido del Valle del Ebro. La conclusión es evidente. El uso de dichas técnicas, especialmente el no laboreo, como alternativa al laboreo intensivo tradicional, es una estrategia recomendable para mejorar tanto la calidad y productividad del suelo como la conservación y sostenibilidad de dichos agrosistemas., [EN] In the context of the current nationwide trend towards the increase in the proportion of cultivated land with no tillage and the decrease of total fallowed land area including that of traditional tilled fallow, the authors overview selected results obtained during the last two decades on the beneficial influence of conservation agriculture practices (reduced tillage and no-tillage) in soil, agronomic and environmental parameters in semiarid dryland farming systems of the River Ebro Valley. In the light of the results presented, it becomes evident that adopting conservation tillage technologies, especially no-tillage, is a viable alternative to conventional tillage for improving not only soil quality and productivity but also the conservation and sustainability of those agricultural systems.
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- 2014
113. Emisiones de CO2 a corto plazo en un agroecosistema de secano: efecto del laboreo y de la aplicación del purín
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Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Bielsa Aced, Ana, Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Ovejero, Jonatan, and Cantero-Martínez, Carlos
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4 Pags., 1 Fig., Las prácticas de manejo agrícola modifican el ciclo global del carbono (C) mediante la emisión y/o secuestro de dióxido de carbono (CO2) en el sistema suelo-plantaatmósfera. En agroecosistemas extensivos de secano, se ha observado que tanto los sistemas de laboreo como las prácticas de fertilización mineral impactan significativamente en la dinámica de CO2 en el sistema suelo-atmósfera (Álvaro- Fuentes et al., 2008; Morell et al., 2011), especialmente en el momento inmediatamente posterior (corto plazo) a la implementación de estas prácticas de manejo (Morell et al., 2010). Hasta la fecha, la información relativa a la emisión de CO2 a corto plazo en agroecosistemas Mediterráneos se ha centrado en las prácticas de laboreo y en la fertilización mineral (Álvaro-Fuentes et al., 2007; López-Garrido et al., 2009; Morell et al., 2010) mientras que, hasta la fecha, no existe información sobre el impacto de la aplicación de purín en las emisiones de CO2 a corto plazo en estos ambientes. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue el de cuantificar el impacto del laboreo y de la aplicación de purín en la emisión de CO2 a corto-plazo en un suelo de secano en condiciones Mediterráneas.
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- 2013
114. Efecto del sistema de laboreo y del tipo de fertilización sobre la volatilización de NH3 en secanos semiáridos del valle del Ebro
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Ovejero, Jonatan, Lampurlanés Castel, Jorge, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, and Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
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4 Pags., 2 Figs., El uso ineficiente de los fertilizantes nitrogenados puede conducir a grandes pérdidas de nitrógeno (N) en el sistema suelo-planta, que aparte de las pérdidas económicas, puede ocasionar problemas medioambientales debido, principalmente, a la emisión de gases a la atmósfera en forma de amoniaco (NH3), óxido nítrico (NO) y óxido nitroso (N2O). En este contexto la volatilización de NH3 constituye una de las más importantes vías de emisión de gases en forma de N provenientes de la agricultura. La aplicación de estiércoles animales y fertilizantes nitrogenados se ha constatado como la mayor fuente de emisiones amoniacales a la atmósfera (Pain et al., 1998), llegando a ser en los casos más desfavorables de hasta el 70 % del N aplicado (Misselbrook et al., 2005). Así mismo, la deposición de NH3 puede ser considerada precursora de la emisión de GEIs debido a que la presencia de NH3 en la atmósfera del suelo puede devenir en la formación de NH4+, cuya oxidación a NO3, en el proceso de nitrificación, dará lugar a la formación de NO y N2O (Wrage et al., 2001). Por tanto los intentos para mitigar estas pérdidas resultan esenciales desde el punto de vista de la sostenibilidad económica y ambiental de los agroecosistemas. El principal objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la influencia de los sistemas de manejo de suelo y el tipo de fertilizante (orgánico y mineral) sobre la volatilización de NH3 al corto plazo.
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- 2013
115. Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en áreas de secano mediterráneo: efecto del sistema de laboreo y de la fertilización nitrogenada
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Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Bareche, Javier, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Ovejero, Jonatan, Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, and Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
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5 Pags., 1 Fig., La agricultura juega un papel crucial sobre la producción y emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GEIs). En España, el sector agrícola supone el 11% de las emisiones de CO2 equivalente (MAGRAMA, 2011). No obstante, es una de las pocas actividades humanas con el potencial de mitigar los efectos del cambio climático a un coste relativamente bajo mediante el secuestro de C y N orgánicos en el suelo (Lal, 2004). Por otro lado, en los estudios actuales existe una creciente necesidad de integrar las emisiones de GEIs generadas por diferentes prácticas agrícolas y la productividad de dichas prácticas con la finalidad de determinar el coste ambiental en forma de GEIs por unidad de producto bajo cada tipo de manejo agrícola (Venterea et al., 2011). El presente estudio tiene como principal objetivo la cuantificación de las emisiones de GEIs bajo diferentes prácticas agrícolas de manejo en un ambiente de secano semiárido.
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- 2013
116. Siembra directa y mitigación de gases de efecto invernadero
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Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, and Cantero-Martínez, Carlos
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6 Págs., 2 Figs., 2 Tabls., En las últimas décadas, la superficie bajo siembra directa en nuestro país ha experimentado un importante incremento. Los datos de la última Encuesta Nacional de Superficies y Rendimientos de Cultivos en España (ESYRCE), del Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, muestran que varias Comunidades Autónomas, tales como Castilla y León o Aragón, presentan superficies en siembra directa superiores al 15% del total de la superficie de cultivos extensivos (MAGRAMA, 2013).
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- 2013
117. Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y protección del carbono orgánico del suelo en secanos Mediterráneos: efectos del laboreo y de la estrategia de fertilización
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Plaza Bonilla, Daniel, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Universitat de Lleida. Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, and Álvaro Fuentes, Jorge
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Conreu ,Nitrogen fertilization ,Gasos d'efecte hivernacle ,Soil organic carbon ,Fertilització nitrogenada ,Carboni orgànic del sòl ,Fertilización nitrogenada ,Gases de efecto invernadero ,Laboreo ,Producció Vegetal ,Tillage - Abstract
L’objectiu principal d’aquest estudi fou la quantificació de l’efecte de diferents tipus de conreu del sòl i tipus i dosis de fertilització nitrogenada sobre l’emissió de gasos d’efecte hivernacle (CH4, CO2 i N2O) del sòl a l’atmosfera i l’agregació del sòl com a mecanisme de protecció del carboni orgànic en agroecosistemes de secà semiàrid Mediterranis. Per tal d’assolir aquest objectiu es varen plantejar cinc camps experimentals on s’hi comparaven sistemes de conreu (sembra directa i conreu intensiu) i tipus (minerals i orgànics) i dosis de fertilitzants nitrogenats, localitzats al centre i l’est de la vall de l’Ebre. A Agramunt (Lleida, establert l’any 1996) i Senés de Alcubierre (Huesca, establert l’any 2010) s’hi van quantificar les emissions de CO2, CH4 i N2O al llarg de dos i tres anys, respectivament, els estocs de C i N orgànics del sòl i el rendiment de collita i es va calcular l’emissió d’equivalents de CO2 per kg de gra produït. Alhora, a Agramunt es va determinar la proporció de macroagregats i microagregats estables a l’aigua i la concentració de C d’ambdós així com la d’altres fraccions del sòl. D’altra banda, en un altre experiment a Agramunt es va establir una cronoseqüència de sembra directa de cinc fases amb 0, 1, 4, 11 i 20 anys, en les que es va determinar la distribució d’agregats estables a l’aigua i tamisats en sec i la seva concentració de C orgànic. A St. Martí Sesgueioles (Barcelona, establert l’any 2007) s’hi van comparar dosis creixents de fertilitzant mineral en un maneig del sòl en sembra directa. A Conill (Barcelona, establert l’any 2008) es va estudiar l’aplicació de purí porcí a dos dosis de N, gallinassa i un tractament control també sota sembra directa. En ambdós experiments es va realitzar un seguiment de la dinàmica temporal de l’agregació del sòl, la protecció del carboni en els agregats i el carboni de la biomassa microbiana durant dos campanyes de cultiu. Finalment, es va realitzar una incubació de macroagregats per a observar l’impacte del tipus de conreu i del tipus de fertilització (mineral i orgànica amb purí porcí) sobre la producció de CH4, CO2 i N2O. En general, els sistemes de conreu i el maneig de la fertilització nitrogenada van afectar les emissions de gasos d’efecte hivernacle del sòl a l’atmosfera i, en el cas del conreu, l’estabilització física del carboni orgànic del sòl. Així, per als sistemes de conreu, en l’experiment de curt termini, sota sembra directa es van generar unes majors emissions de N2O i CO2 i una menor oxidació del CH4 que en conreu intensiu. No obstant, al comparar-los a llarg termini, ambdós sistemes de conreu van presentar la mateixa emissió de N2O i la oxidació del CH4 va ser major en sembra directa, fets que també es van observar a l’incubar els macroagregats. Alhora, a l’augmentar el nombre d’anys sota sembra directa, el sòl va presentar una major proporció de macroagregats estables i una major formació de microagregats d’elevada concentració de C. Pel que fa a l’impacte de la fertilització nitrogenada sobre l’emissió de gasos d’efecte hivernacle, l’aplicació de dosis creixents de N tan orgànic com mineral va provocar un augment de la emissió de N2O del sòl. En canvi, per a una mateixa dosi, aquests dos tipus de fertilitzant van emetre una quantitat de N2O similar. D’altra banda, la fertilització nitrogenada mineral no va millorar la protecció del C en els agregats del sòl mentre que la orgànica només va promoure un lleu increment en l’estabilitat d’aquests. Als secans semiàrids Mediterranis, la combinació de l’ús de la sembra directa i la fertilització amb dosis mitjanes de purí porcí és una estratègia de maneig òptima ja que minimitza les emissions de gases d’efecte hivernacle i manté la productivitat del cultiu. Alhora, ambdues pràctiques milloren l’estabilitat dels agregats, maximitzant la quantitat de carboni orgànic segrestat i millorant l’estat estructural del sòl., El objetivo principal de este estudio fue cuantificar el efecto de diferentes tipos de laboreo del suelo y dosis de fertilización nitrogenada sobre la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (CH4, CO2 y N2O) del suelo a la atmosfera y la agregación del suelo como mecanismo de protección del carbono orgánico en agroecosistemas de secano semiárido Mediterráneo. Para alcanzar este objetivo se plantearon cinco campos experimentales en los que se comparaban sistemas de laboreo (siembra directa y laboreo intensivo) y tipos (minerales y orgánicos) y dosis de fertilizantes nitrogenados, localizados en el centro y el este del valle del Ebro. En Agramunt (Lleida, establecido el año 1996) y Senés de Alcubierre (Huesca, establecido el año 2010) se cuantificaron las emisiones de CO2, CH4 y N2O a lo largo de dos y tres años, respectivamente, los stocks de C y N orgánicos del suelo y el rendimiento de cosecha y se calculó la emisión de equivalentes de CO2 per kg de grano producido. Además, en Agramunt se determinó la proporción de macroagregados y microagregados estables al agua y la concentración de C de ambos así como otras fracciones del suelo. Por otro lado, en otro experimento en Agramunt se estableció una cronosecuencia de siembra directa de cinco fases con 0, 1, 4, 11 y 20 años, en las que se determinó la distribución de agregados estables al agua y tamizados en seco y su concentración de C orgánico. En St. Martí Sesgueioles (Barcelona, establecido el año 2007) se compararon dosis crecientes de fertilizantes mineral en un manejo del suelo en siembra directa. En Conill (Barcelona, establecido el año 2008) se estudió la aplicación de purín a dos dosis de N, gallinaza y un tratamiento control también bajo siembra directa. En ambos experimentos se realizó un seguimiento de la dinámica temporal de la agregación del suelo, la protección del carbono en los agregados y el carbono de la biomasa microbiana durante dos campañas de cultivo. Finalmente, se realizó una incubación de macroagregados para observar el impacto del tipo de laboreo y del tipo de fertilización (mineral y orgánica con purín porcino) sobre la producción de CH4, CO2 y N2O. En general, los sistemas de laboreo y el manejo de la fertilización nitrogenada afectaron las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero del suelo a la atmosfera y, en el caso del laboreo, la estabilización física del carbono orgánico del suelo. Así, para los sistemas de laboreo, en el experimento de corto plazo, bajo siembra directa se generaron unas mayores emisiones de N2O y CO2 y una menor oxidación del CH4 que en laboreo intensivo. No obstante, al compararlos a largo plazo, ambos sistemas de laboreo presentaron la misma emisión de N2O y la oxidación de CH4 fue mayor en siembra directa, hechos que también se observaron al incubar los macroagregados. Además, al aumentar el número de años bajo siembra directa, el suelo presentó una mayor proporción de macroagregados estables y una mayor formación de microagregados de elevada concentración de C. Por lo que respecta al impacto de la fertilización nitrogenada sobre la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, la aplicación de dosis crecientes de N tanto orgánico como mineral provocó un aumento de la emisión de N2O del suelo. En cambio, para una misma dosis, estos dos tipos de fertilizante emitieron una cantidad de N2O similar. Por otro lado, la fertilización nitrogenada mineral no mejoró la protección del C en los agregados del suelo mientras que la orgánica solo promovió un leve incremento en la estabilidad de éstos. En los secanos semiáridos Mediterráneos, la combinación del uso de la siembra directa y la fertilización con dosis medias de purín porcino es una estrategia de manejo óptima ya que minimiza las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y mantiene la productividad del cultivo. Además, ambas prácticas mejoran la estabilidad de los agregados, maximizando la cantidad de carbono orgánico secuestrado y mejorando el estado estructural del suelo., The main objective of this study was the quantification of the effects of different types of soil tillage and types and rates of nitrogen fertilization on the emission of soil greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2 and N2O) to the atmosphere and the soil aggregation as an organic carbon protection mechanism in the dryland semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystems. In order to achieve that objective five experimental fields were established comparing different tillage systems (notillage and intensive tillage) and types (mineral and organic) and rates of nitrogen fertilizers, localized in the center and East of the Ebro Valley. In Agramunt (Lleida, established in 1996) and Senés de Alcubierre (Huesca, established in 2010) CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions were quantified during two and three years, respectively. Soil organic C and N stocks, crop yield and the emission of CO2 equivalents per kg of grain produced were also determined. Moreover, in Agramunt, water-stable macroaggregates, microaggregates within macroaggregates and their C concentration and other different soil fractions were quantified. In turn, in another experiment in Agramunt a no-tillage chronosequence with 0, 1, 4, 11, 20 years was established and the water-stable and dry-sieved aggregates distributions and their C concentration were determined. In St. Martí Sesgueioles (Barcelona, established in 2007) increasing rates of mineral fertilizer under no-tillage were compared. In Conill (Barcelona, established in 2008) the application of pig slurry at two N rates, poultry manure and a control treatment under a no-tillage management were studied. In both experiments the soil aggregation dynamics, the C protection within aggregates and their C concentration and the microbial biomass carbon were analyzed during two cropping seasons. Finally, an incubation of macroaggregates was carried out in order to study the impact of the type of tillage and fertilizer (mineral and organic with pig slurry) on the production of CH4, CO2 and N2O. In general, tillage systems and nitrogen fertilizer management affected the emissions of soil greenhouse gases to the atmosphere while tillage also impacted the physical stabilization of organic carbon. In the case of tillage system, in the short-term experiment, greater N2O and CO2 emissions and lower CH4 oxidation were observed. However, in the long-term, both tillage systems presented the same N2O emission and the CH4 oxidation was greater under no-tillage, aspects that were also observed in the macroaggregate incubation. Moreover, the soil presented a greater proportion of water-stable macroaggregates and greater C-enriched microaggregates within those macroaggregates when increasing the number of years under no-tillage. In the case of the impact of the nitrogen fertilization on the greenhouse gases emission, the application of increasing N rates by both organic and mineral sources increased the soil N2O emission. As a difference, for a given N rate, similar amount of soil N2O was quantified for both fertilizer types. The mineral nitrogen fertilization did not improve the C protection within soil aggregates while the organic fertilization caused a low increase in their stability. In the dryland semiarid agroecosystems of the Mediterranean, the combination of no-tillage and fertilization with medium N rates of pig slurry is an optimum strategy in terms of greenhouse gases minimization and maintenance of crop productivity. Moreover, both practices improve the aggregate stability maximizing the amount of organic carbon protected and improving soil structure.
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- 2013
118. Efecto del laboreo y de la fertilización nitrogenada sobre la volatilización de amoníaco en agroecosistemas mediterráneos de secano
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Ovejero, Jonatan, Lampurlanés Castel, Jorge, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, and Cantero-Martínez, Carlos
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5 Pags., 3 Figs., El proceso de emisión del gas amoniaco desde la superficie del suelo a la atmósfera recibe el nombre de volatilización de amoníaco. Esta pérdida de nitrógeno (N) por volatilización del amoníaco constituye una de las principales vías de emisión de gases en forma de nitrógeno provenientes de la agricultura. Dichas pérdidas son el resultado de numerosos procesos cuya magnitud es afectada por variables ambientales y del suelo, que no podemos controlar fácilmente, tales como temperatura, humedad, pH del suelo y viento. Sin embargo otros factores como pueden ser el manejo de suelo y el tipo y dosis de fertilización, también afectan a la volatilización del amoniaco. La aplicación de estiércoles animales y fertilizantes nitrogenados se ha constatado como una fuente importante de emisiones amoniacales a la atmósfera, llegando a ser en los casos más desfavorables de hasta el 70% del nitrógeno aplicado. Esta ineficiencia en la aplicación del fertilizante tiene consecuencias económicas y ambientales, tales como problemas de acidificación de suelos, eutrofización de sistemas nacurales y toxjcidad de plantas. Así mismo, la deposición de amoniaco puede ser considerada precursora de la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero en forma de óxido nitroso prjncipalmente. Por lo tanto los intentos para mitigar estas pérdidas resultan esenciales desde el punto de vista de la sostenibilidad económjca y ambiental de los agroecosistemas.
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- 2013
119. Carbon management in dryland agricultural systems. A review
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Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Fanlo, Rosario, Iglesias Picazo, Ana, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Fanlo, Rosario, Iglesias Picazo, Ana, and Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
- Abstract
Dryland areas cover about 41 % of the Earth’s surface and sustain over 2 billion inhabitants. Soil carbon (C) in dryland areas is of crucial importance to maintain soil quality and productivity and a range of ecosystem services. Soil mismanagement has led to a significant loss of carbon in these areas, which in many of them entailed several land degradation processes such as soil erosion, reduction in crop productivity, lower soil water holding capacity, a decline in soil biodiversity, and, ultimately, desertification, hunger and poverty in developing countries. As a consequence, in dryland areas proper management practices and land use policies need to be implemented to increase the amount of C sequestered in the soil. When properly managed, dryland soils have a great potential to sequester carbon if financial incentives for implementation are provided. Dryland soils contain the largest pool of inorganic C. However, contrasting results are found in the literature on the magnitude of inorganic C sequestration under different management regimes. The rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels will greatly affect dryland soils, since the positive effect of CO2 on crop productivity will be offset by a decrease of precipitation, thus increasing the susceptibility to soil erosion and crop failure. In dryland agriculture, any removal of crop residues implies a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC). Therefore, the adoption of no-tillage practices in field crops and growing cover crops in tree crops have a great potential in dryland areas due to the associated benefits of maintaining the soil surface covered by crop residues. Up to 80 % reduction in soil erosion has been reported when using no-tillage compared with conventional tillage. However, no-tillage must be maintained over the long term to enhance soil macroporosity and offset the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) associated to the greater amount of water stored in the soil when no-tillage is used. Furthermore, the use
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- 2015
120. Tillage effects on soil aggregation and soil organic carbon profile distribution under Mediterranean semi-arid conditions
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Plaza Bonilla, Daniel, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, and Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
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soil organic carbon ,soil aggregation ,Soil organic carbon ,Soil aggregation ,tillage ,Mediterranean conditions ,Tillage - Abstract
30 Pags., 6 Tabls., 3 Figs. The definitive version is available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1475-2743, In rainfed semi-arid agroecosystems, soil organic carbon (SOC) may increase with the adoption of alternative tillage systems (e.g. no-tillage, NT). This study evaluated the effect of two tillage systems (conventional tillage, CT vs. NT) on total SOC content, SOC concentration, water stable aggregate-size distribution and aggregate carbon concentration from 0 to 40 cm soil depth. Three tillage experiments were chosen, all located in northeast Spain and using contrasting tillage types but with different lengths of time since their establishment (20, 17, and 1-yr). In the two fields with mouldboard ploughing as CT, NT sequestered more SOC in the 0–5 cm layer compared with CT. However, despite there being no significant differences, SOC tended to accumulate under CT compared with NT in the 20–30 and 30–40 cm depths in the AG-17 field with 25–50% higher SOC content in CT compared with NT. Greater amounts of large and small macroaggregates under NT compared with CT were measured at 0–5 cm depth in AG-17 and at 5–10 cm in both AG-1 and AG-17. Differences in macroaggregate C concentration between tillage treatments were only found in the AG-17 field at the soil surface with 19.5 and 11.6 g C/kg macroaggregates in NT and CT, respectively. After 17 yr of experiment, CT with mouldboard ploughing resulted in a greater total SOC concentration and macroaggregate C concentration below 20 cm depth, but similar macroaggregate content compared with NT. This study emphasizes the need for adopting whole-soil profile approaches when studying the suitability of NT versus CT for SOC sequestration and CO2 offsetting., This research was supported by the Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Spain (AGL 2004-07763-C02-02 and AGL 2007-66320-C02). The first author was awarded with a fellowship by the Spanish Ministry of Education.
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- 2010
121. Soil organic carbon storage in a no-tillage chronosequence under Mediterranean conditions
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Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, Lampurlanés Castel, Jorge, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, Lampurlanés Castel, Jorge, and Cantero-Martínez, Carlos
- Abstract
Background and Aims The duration of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in agricultural soils varies according to soil management, land-use history and soil and climate conditions. Despite several experiments have reported SOC sequestration with the adoption of no-tillage (NT) in Mediterranean dryland agroecosystems scarce information exists about the duration and magnitude of the sequestration process. For this reason, 20 years ago we established in northeast Spain a NT chronosequence experiment to evaluate SOC sequestration duration under Mediterranean dryland conditions. Methods In July 2010 we sampled five chronosequence phases with different years under NT (i.e., 1, 4, 11, and 20 years) and a continuous conventional tillage (CT) field, in which management prevailed unchanged during decades. Soil samples were taken at four depths: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. The SOC stocks were calculated from the SOC concentration and soil bulk density. Furthermore, we applied the Century ecosystem model to the different stages of the chronosequence to better understand the factors controlling SOC sequestration with NT adoption. Results Differences in SOC stocks were only found in the upper 5 cm soil layer in which 4, 11 and 20 years under NT showed greater SOC stocks compared with 1 year under NT and the CT phase. Despite no significant differences were found in the total SOC stock (0-30 cm soil layer) there was a noteworthy difference of 5.7 Mg ha-1 between the phase with the longest NT duration and the phase under conventional tillage. The maximum annual SOC sequestration occurred after 5 years of NT adoption with almost 50% change in the annual rate of SOC sequestration. NT sequestered SOC over the 20 years following the change in management. However, more than 75% of the total SOC sequestered was gained during the first 11 years after NT adoption. The Century model predicted reasonably well SOC stocks over the NT chronosequence. Conclusions In Mediterranean agroecos
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- 2014
122. Constitución del grupo de modelización de sistemas agrícolas españoles de REMEDIA (ReMSAE)
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Sanz Cobena, Alberto, Téllez, Ángela, Prado, Agustín del, Gallejones, Patricia, Pardo, Guillermo, Doltra, Jorge, Ortiz, Rebeca, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Sanz Cobena, Alberto, Téllez, Ángela, Prado, Agustín del, Gallejones, Patricia, Pardo, Guillermo, Doltra, Jorge, Ortiz, Rebeca, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, and Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel
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A principios de este mes de Diciembre tuvo lugar en el Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3, Bilbao) el primer taller de modelización de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) en agrosistemas españoles. Enmarcada dentro de la red REMEDIA, esta actividad contó con la participación de un grupo de modelizadores de distintos centros de investigación y universidades españoles (BC3, UPM, CSIC, UdL y CIFA) que presentaron su trabajo en este ámbito y elaboraron un plan de trabajo a seguir en el futuro inmediato.
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- 2013
123. Soil aggregate stability as affected by fertilization type under semiarid no-tillage conditions
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Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, and Cantero-Martínez, Carlos
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Agricultural management practices play an important role in soil organic carbon (SOC) protection within soil aggregates. However, there is a lack of information on the effects of N fertilization on C protection within aggregates under no-tillage (NT) systems. The effects of organic fertilization (with pig [Sus scrofa] slurry and poultry manure) and mineral N fertilization on soil aggregation and physical C protection dynamics under NT soils were investigated. Two experiments were established in a semiarid area of northeastern Spain. In the organic fertilization experiment, treatment with pig slurry at two N rates (100 and 200 kg N ha−1), poultry manure (100 kg N ha−1), and a control (0 kg N ha−1) treatment were compared. In the mineral fertilization experiment, increasing rates of N fertilizer (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha−1) were compared. Water-stable macroaggregates (>0.250 mm) and their C concentration, the distribution of dry-sieved aggregates, total SOC and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were quantified in the soil surface in two cropping seasons. Organic fertilizers slightly increased the proportion of water-stable macroaggregates but caused no differences in MBC, SOC, or water-stable macroaggregate C concentration. In the mineral N fertilization experiment, similar water-stable macroaggregate, water-stable macroaggregate C and SOC concentrations were observed among N fertilizer doses. Overall differences in water-stable macroaggregates between sampling dates were greater than differences between fertilization treatments. Our study demonstrates that, in the short-term, the use of organic or mineral N fertilizers hardly improves the stability of the macroaggregates and their C protective capacity when NT is performed. This finding could be related to the limitations imposed by water in the Mediterranean areas and the buffering effect of long-term NT adoption on soil aggregate stability and C protection.
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- 2013
124. Soil aggregation and organic carbon protection in a no-tillage chronosequence under Mediterranean conditions
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Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Viñas, P., Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Viñas, P., and Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
- Abstract
Low-intensity soil management systems like no-tillage (NT) are being increasingly accepted as an essential part of sustainable farming systems. The objective of this work was to study the effects of NT maintenance over time on soil aggregation and soil organic carbon (SOC) protection on a semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystem. A NT chronosequence was established with five phases: (i) conventional tillage (CT); (ii) NT for 1 year (NT-1); (iii) NT for 4 years (NT-4); (iv) NT for 11 years (NT-11) and (v) NT for 20 years (NT-20). N fertilization was based on pig slurry for the whole experimental area. Soil samples were collected from four depths (i.e., 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, 20–30 cm). Dry and water-stable aggregates, SOC concentration and C concentration of water-stable aggregates were measured. SOC concentration reached its maximum value after 11 years under NT. However, the differences between NT phases were only found in the 0–5 cm soil depth. In soil surface (i.e., 0–5 cm), water-stable large macroaggregates (2–8 mm) were 0.02, 0.12, 0.32 and 0.31 g g− 1 dry soil for the NT-1, NT-4, NT-11 and NT-20 phases, respectively. C concentration of microaggregates increased in relation with the number of years under NT. SOC and water-stable macroaggregate stratification were greatest with the increase in the years under NT, emphasizing the close relationship between SOC and aggregation. In Mediterranean semiarid agroecosystems, the increase in the proportion of stable macroaggregates and the enrichment of C concentration within microaggregates are two main mechanisms of SOC protection when NT is maintained over time.
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- 2013
125. Soil organic carbon storage in a no-tillage chronosequence under Mediterranean conditions
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Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Viñas, P., Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Viñas, P., Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, and Cantero-Martínez, Carlos
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Objective: To study both the temporal dynamics and duration of the SOC sequestratton after the adoprion of no-tillage (NT) under Mediterranean conditions
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- 2011
126. Soil Carbon Dioxide Flux and Organic Carbon Content: Effects of Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization
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Morell Soler, Francisco Joaquín, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Lampurlanés Castel, Jorge, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Morell Soler, Francisco Joaquín, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Lampurlanés Castel, Jorge, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, and Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
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The response of soil CO2 flux to long-term tillage practices (no-tillage, NT; minimum tillage, MT; conventional tillage, CT) and N fertilization level (zero; medium, 60 kg N ha−1; high, 120 kg N ha−1) was studied during three growing season in a rainfed Mediterranean agroecosystem. Soil CO2 flux was related to the crop growth, with the highest flux during spring (i.e., March–May). Tillage and N fertilization effects on soil CO2 flux during growing seasons depended on weather conditions: greater soil CO2 flux under MT and NT on dry years, greater under CT and MT on a wet year. Nitrogen fertilization affected soil CO2 flux during this wet growing season: flux with N fertilizer additions was higher than flux on the unfertilized plots. Thirteen years after establishment of the experiment, the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock under long-term NT was 3.9 Mg C ha−1 greater than under CT and 4.3 Mg C ha−1 greater than under MT. The SOC stocks with N fertilizer additions were 4 Mg C ha−1 greater than the stock on unfertilized plots. The increase of C inputs with N fertilization was more pronounced under NT than under MT or CT. For this reason the increased response of SOC stock to N fertilization is expected under NT in a longer period of time. The product between soil water content and soil temperature explained between 75 and 94% of the seasonal variability of soil CO2 flux. However, soil CO2 flux and SOC stock were hardly related.
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- 2011
127. Tillage effects on soil aggregation and soil organic carbon profile distribution under Mediterranean semi-arid conditions
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Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, and Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
- Abstract
In rainfed semi-arid agroecosystems, soil organic carbon (SOC) may increase with the adoption of alternative tillage systems (e.g. no-tillage, NT). This study evaluated the effect of two tillage systems (conventional tillage, CT vs. NT) on total SOC content, SOC concentration, water stable aggregate-size distribution and aggregate carbon concentration from 0 to 40 cm soil depth. Three tillage experiments were chosen, all located in northeast Spain and using contrasting tillage types but with different lengths of time since their establishment (20, 17, and 1-yr). In the two fields with mouldboard ploughing as CT, NT sequestered more SOC in the 0–5 cm layer compared with CT. However, despite there being no significant differences, SOC tended to accumulate under CT compared with NT in the 20–30 and 30–40 cm depths in the AG-17 field with 25–50% higher SOC content in CT compared with NT. Greater amounts of large and small macroaggregates under NT compared with CT were measured at 0–5 cm depth in AG-17 and at 5–10 cm in both AG-1 and AG-17. Differences in macroaggregate C concentration between tillage treatments were only found in the AG-17 field at the soil surface with 19.5 and 11.6 g C/kg macroaggregates in NT and CT, respectively. After 17 yr of experiment, CT with mouldboard ploughing resulted in a greater total SOC concentration and macroaggregate C concentration below 20 cm depth, but similar macroaggregate content compared with NT. This study emphasizes the need for adopting whole-soil profile approaches when studying the suitability of NT versus CT for SOC sequestration and CO2 offsetting.
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- 2010
128. Winter cereal root growth and aboveground–belowground biomass ratios as affected by site and tillage system in dryland Mediterranean conditions
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Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, primary, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, additional, Hansen, Neil C., additional, Lampurlanés, Jorge, additional, and Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, additional
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- 2013
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129. Soil Aggregate Stability as Affected by Fertilization Type under Semiarid No‐Tillage Conditions
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Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, primary, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, additional, and Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, additional
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- 2013
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130. Soil gas diffusivity and pore continuity dynamics under different tillage and crop sequences in an irrigated Mediterranean area.
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Talukder, Rasendra, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Wendroth, Ole, and Castel, Jorge Lampurlanés
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NO-tillage , *CROP rotation , *SOIL air , *SOIL matric potential , *LEGUME farming , *TILLAGE , *SOIL aeration - Abstract
Gas diffusion can be used to quantify soil quality and structural development that is strongly affected by soil use and management practices. There is a lack of information about the quantitative effect of tillage combined with crop sequences on soil structure. This study aimed to quantify the effects of tillage and crop sequences on soil bulk density, gas diffusivity, air-filled porosity, and the resulting pore continuity and their dynamic during the cropping cycle. A total of 288 undisturbed soil samples were collected over two growing periods (2018–19 and 2019–20) on a long-term field experiment (~25 years old) in Agramunt, NE Spain. Three factors were investigated to observe their influence on the above-mentioned soil's physical characteristics: two tillage systems (intensive tillage, IT and no-tillage, NT), two crop sequences (short fallow-maize, FM; legume-maize, LM) and two positions (within the row of crops, W-row; between rows of crops, B-row). Soil gas diffusivity was measured at five different soil water matric potentials (SWMP) (−10, −50, −100, −333 and −1000 cm H 2 O). LM crop sequence showed greater air-filled porosity, macroporosity and gas diffusivity, as well as enhanced pore continuity, than FM, especially at W-row. No significant differences were observed for measured gas diffusivity between NT and IT systems though NT had lower air-filled porosity and macroporosity (> 30 µm) compared to IT. Soil under NT showed greater pore continuity, particularly among macropores and less blocked pores than IT at higher SWMP (−10 cm H 2 O) but no difference was observed at lower SWMP (−1000 cm H 2 O) regardless of crop sequence and position. Air-filled porosity and pore continuity changes between maize planting and harvesting were greater under IT than NT. During the legume growing seasons, IT showed comparable pore continuity values to NT. In LM crop sequence soil gas transport was favorably affected alleviating the negative effect of intensive tillage on soil structural degradation. Long-term NT also improved soil structure as indicated by higher continuity of macropores, despite a decrease in air-filled porosity and macroporosity, but did not significantly lower gas diffusivity. • Crop intensification improves soil gas transport compared to mono-cropping. • Soil aeration and porosity are greater within than between crop rows. • Long-term no-tillage improves pore continuity without significantly reducing gas diffusivity. • Intensive tillage produces non-persistent changes in air-filled porosity and continuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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131. The sensitivity of C and N mineralization to soil water potential varies with soil characteristics: Experimental evidences to fine-tune models.
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Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Mary, Bruno, Valé, Matthieu, and Justes, Eric
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SOIL moisture , *MINERALIZATION , *CLIMATE change models , *SOIL acidity , *SOILS - Abstract
• Water stress impact on soil C and N mineralization was studied on 10 different soils. • The sensitivity of C and N mineralization to water potential (S) was variable between soils. • S is accurately predicted by pH and soil microbial quotient, or pH and C: N ratio. • Simple functions and parameters are provided to model the impact of climate change on S. The sensitivity of C and N mineralization in soil to water potential is mostly described in simulation models as a linear function independent of the pedoclimatic conditions. We hypothesized that water sensitivity could be site-specific and dependent of climate or soil properties. In this study, we characterized the responses of C and N mineralization to water stress in ten soils representing a range of French arable cropping systems and evaluated whether the responses differ between soils and pedoclimatic contexts. C and N mineralization kinetics were quantified in laboratory incubations at four soil water potentials (pF) ranging from pF = 2.0 (∼field capacity) to 4.2 (∼permanent wilting point). The C and N mineralization rates, calculated by curve fitting, were linearly correlated with pF or relative water content (RWC). The slope of the linear regression, representing the sensitivity to water potential, differed significantly between sites, ranging from 0.12 to 0.35 pF-1 for C mineralization and 0.20 to 0.44 pF-1 for N mineralization. The sensitivity of C or N mineralization rate to pF or RWC could be well predicted by a couple of two soil properties: either microbial quotient (ratio of microbial biomass-C to total organic C) and soil pH or soil organic C:N ratio and soil pH. The sensitivity of soil to water stress was more accurately predicted by these site-specific variables than a model common to all pedoclimatic conditions. These results open the possibility of improving soil and soil-crop models for a more accurate prediction of water stress on C and N mineralization particularly in the context of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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132. Nitrogen fertilization strategies for improved Mediterranean rainfed wheat and barley performance and water and nitrogen use efficiency.
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Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Lampurlanés, Jorge, Fernández, Fabián G., and Cantero-Martínez, Carlos
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WATER efficiency , *EMMER wheat , *FERTILIZER application , *WHEAT , *POULTRY manure , *WINTER grain , *DRY farming , *ORGANIC farming - Abstract
• Basal fertilizers (FERT), incorporation (INC) and top-dress UAN were studied. • Mineral and organic FERT had similar responses in crop performance. • Top-dress UAN increased WUE y and crop yield by an average of 18 %. • INC reduced WUE b by 10 % and grain yield by 9% due to lower # of spikes m−2. • INC led to water deficit during the early reproductive crop stages. Adequate fertilization strategies are paramount to fulfill increasing demands for food, feed and fiber while reducing environmental impacts. However, their optimization under Mediterranean no-till systems has received little attention. The objective of this work was to assess winter cereal yield and water and N use efficiencies in a rainfed semiarid Mediterranean climate under (i) a range of pre-plant fertilizers [control without N fertilizer (0 N), and the following at 75 kg N ha−1: mineral N (MIN), swine slurry (SS), poultry manure (PM), and compost (COM)], (ii) fertilizer incorporation: no-tillage without incorporating (NT) or incorporation with a vibrocultivator (INC) and (iii) application of urea-ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) as top-dress as a control without UAN (UAN-) or 50 kg N ha−1 (UAN+). The experiment covered six cropping seasons (2012–2019). Pre-plant applications had similar responses in crop yield, biomass, N uptake, grain N, water-use efficiency for biomass (WUE b), and water-use efficiency for yield (WUE y) but were greater than 0 N. The lack of differences between pre-plant fertilizers would be explained by the high amount of residual N and the mineralized N during the crop cycle. Top-dress UAN increased WUE y and crop yield in all the cropping seasons by an average of 587 kg grain ha−1, which represented 18 % of the total annual production. Averaged across variables and the growing seasons, INC reduced soil water content and WUE b by 10 % (from 24.3 to 21.8 kg ha−1 mm−1). Also, INC reduced grain yield by 9% (from 3799 to 3450 kg ha−1) by reducing the number of spikes m-2 produced, pointing out that INC resulted in water deficit during the early reproductive period of the crop. While INC is often consider a best management practice to reduce NH 3 volatilization losses from broadcast fertilizer applications, the results demonstrate that in rainfed Mediterranean agroecosystems water is more limiting than the N that could be potentially lost by volatilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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133. Grain legume-based rotations managed under conventional tillage need cover crops to mitigate soil organic matter losses
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Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Nolot, Jean-Marie, Passot, Sixtine, Raffaillac, Didier, and Justes, Eric
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Legumes ,Agricultural industry ,Business, international - Abstract
Abstract Inserting legumes in low-input innovative cropping systems can represent a good strategy to reduce current N fertilizer dependency while enhancing ecosystem services. However, although the impact of the use [...]
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- 2015
134. No-tillage reduces yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions in rainfed Mediterranean conditions: a long-term field and modelling approach
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Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Alvaro-Fuentes, J., Bareche, J., Pareja-Sánchez, E., Eric Justes, and Cantero-Martínez, Carlos
135. Faba bean introduction makes protein production less dependent on nitrogen fertilization in Mediterranean no-till systems.
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Simon-Miquel, Genís, Reckling, Moritz, and Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel
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FAVA bean , *CROPPING systems , *CROP rotation , *NITROGEN fertilizers , *COVER crops , *CROP diversification , *NO-tillage - Abstract
Under Mediterranean rainfed areas, no-till cereal-based systems have been adopted to cope with water availability and increasing input costs. However, the increased risk of biotic stresses, high N-fertilizer dependence, and current EU policies warrant cropping systems re-design. Evaluate diversification and N fertilization as strategies to improve N use efficiency at the cropping system level and quantify its productivity. Four crop sequences combined with four levels of N fertilization were assessed in a three-year field experiment in semiarid rainfed north-eastern Spain. Crop sequences were continuous winter wheat (WCS) and three-year diversified rotations with pea (PCS), faba bean (FCS), or a multi-service cover crop (MSCS) and two years of cereals. Crop, pre-crop and cropping system levels were considered. Agronomic evaluation included crops above-ground biological N fixation (Ndfa), net N balance (Ndfa minus N removed by grain), soil N mineralisation productivity, energy to N tradeoff (ENT), and N use efficiency of protein (NUEp) production. Pea yields ranged from 0 to 766 kg ha−1 and Ndfa from 24% to 54%. Faba bean yield ranged from 1378 to 4251 kg ha−1 and Ndfa from 32% to 72%. Net N balance was close to neutral for pea while in faba bean it ranged from 41 to −21 kg N ha−1. Alternative pre-crops led to greater soil N mineralisation (51 kg N ha−1, on average) and higher wheat yield (564 kg ha−1, on average) compared to wheat as the pre-crop. N fertilization increased protein yields, with FCS presenting the highest yields at all N fertilizer rates. This effect led to a stable NUEp (1.69 kg protein kg N supply−1), as the protein yield increased proportionally to N supply. Diversification improved the succeeding wheat performance and grain legumes N fixation exceeded grain N removal. Introducing legumes into cropping systems led to a decrease in energy productivity compared to the cereal-based system. However, protein production in the FCS was higher than in any other cropping system regardless of the N fertilizer rate. Crop diversification adds challenges and risks in dry Mediterranean areas. However, the study shows that crop diversification with faba bean can decrease cropping system's N-fertilizer dependence and increase protein productivity, contributing to cropping systems' sustainability. • Effect of crop diversification and N fertilization to support N efficient cropping systems. • Multiscale assessment including crop, pre-crop and the cropping system level. • Pea and faba bean supported cropping systems N use efficiency through biological N fixation. • Faba bean cropping system showed the greatest protein yields regardless of the N fertilizer rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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136. Maximising soybean productivity with late maturity groups in Mediterranean irrigated systems.
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Simon-Miquel, Genís, Reckling, Moritz, and Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel
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DOUBLE cropping , *CROPPING systems , *SOYBEAN , *HARVESTING time , *SOYBEAN farming , *PLANT proteins , *GRAIN yields , *SOWING - Abstract
The EU aims to improve plant protein production profitably and sustainably with a range of grain legumes suitable to different climatic conditions. Soybean (Glycine max Merrill) could be one important focus as the crop is adapted to diverse conditions and has the highest protein content per kg of grain. Under Mediterranean irrigated conditions, soybean presents a high-yielding potential, either as an annual single crop (SCS) or as part of a sequential double cropping system (DCS) following a winter crop. However, the lack of experimental data and knowledge in some southern areas like Spain, led to the use of rather early maturity groups (referring to experiences from more northern and eastern areas) that are underperforming in southern latitudes (i.e. < 42° N). The aims were to (i) explore later soybean maturity groups than currently used for SCS and DCS and (ii) quantify the drivers of their performance under Mediterranean irrigated conditions. A field experiment was carried out in NE Spain (2019, 2020 and 2021) in a split-plot design with four replications. In the main plots, SCS and DCS sowing dates were tested. In the sub-plots, 8–13 cultivars were tested per year covering MG from early 00 to late III. Five biomass sampling dates during soybean development were performed to fit a growth curve for every MG and sowing date. Grain yield, grain protein content, grains m−2, thousand-grain weight, 1st pod height and biological N fixation were measured at physiological maturity. The growth curve asymptote showed the strongest correlation with the soybean grain yield (r = 0.95) and the number of grains m−2 (r = 0.88). Consistent higher yields for MG II and III (4476 and 5314 kg ha−1, respectively) were found in the SCS and DCS compared to earlier MG. Grain protein concentration was reduced in the later MG but in all cases exceeded 40 g 100 g−1. In the DCS, a grain yield reduction of 25 % compared to SCS was observed, mainly caused by fewer grains m−2. Biological N fixation was low (30 g 100 g−1, on average), resulting from high residual soil N. In the SCS, the use of later MG (II and III) increases soybean yields. However, further research exploring MG III or later would better define soybean potential in these systems. While the agronomic performance of late MG (II and III) in the DCS was promising, technical aspects such as later harvesting date (moisture, pod shattering, etc.) or a slight reduction in grain protein concentration (although still above 40 g 100 g−1) should be considered. Our study proposes a shift towards the use of later soybean MG for Mediterranean irrigated cropping systems as a strategy to improve its competitiveness and, likely, farmer's adoption. This study highlights the potential to expand soybean production towards Mediterranean irrigated areas with a high yield potential. • Later soybean maturity groups were explored for Mediterranean single and double cropping systems. • Soybean performance in a single cropping system can be improved with later MG (II and III). • The use of later MG in a double cropping system increased yields but can complicate harvest. • Reliance on biological N fixation was generally low (below 30 g 100 g−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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137. Cover crops do increase soil organic carbon stocks—A critical comment on Chaplot and Smith (2023).
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Poeplau, Christopher, Liang, Zhi, Don, Axel, Seitz, Daria, De Notaris, Chiara, Angers, Denis, Barré, Pierre, Beillouin, Damien, Cardinael, Rémi, Ceschia, Eric, Chenu, Claire, Constantin, Julie, Demenois, Julien, Mary, Bruno, Pellerin, Sylvain, Plaza‐Bonilla, Daniel, Quemada, Miguel, and Justes, Eric
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COVER crops , *CARBON in soils , *CATCH crops - Abstract
The article challenges the notion that cover crops are effective in increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. The authors argue that the study's validity is questionable due to the exclusion of relevant published experimental data that show clear positive effects of cover crops on SOC stocks. They also criticize the authors for not following international standards for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The article concludes that doubts about the positive effects of cover crops on SOC are unjustified and criticizes the authors' opinions on the relevance of policies and public subsidies. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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138. Carbon footprint of cropping systems with grain legumes and cover crops: A case-study in SW France
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Didier Raffaillac, Irene Nogué-Serra, Carlos Cantero-Martínez, Daniel Plaza-Bonilla, Eric Justes, European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Universidad de Lleida, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel [0000-0003-4998-8585], AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Universitat de Lleida, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), FP6 Grain Legumes Integrated Project : food-CT-2004-506223, French National Research Agency (ANR) through LEGITIMES French project : ANR-13-AGRO-0004, Climate-CAFE European project, University of Lleida, Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral grant from Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain : IJCI-2016-27784, INRA-Toulouse, European Project: 613551,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2013-7-single-stage,LEGATO(2014), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), and Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,P33 - Chimie et physique du sol ,Rotation culturale ,P40 - Météorologie et climatologie ,STICS model ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,010501 environmental sciences ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,External emissions ,Légumineuse ,Cover crop ,Legume ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Changement climatique ,2. Zero hunger ,Nitrous oxide ,P34 - Biologie du sol ,On-site emissions ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Soil carbon ,15. Life on land ,Ammonia volatilization from urea ,Crop rotation ,séquestration du carbone ,Greenhouse gases ,Agronomy ,13. Climate action ,réduction des émissions ,Greenhouse gas ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Carbon footprint ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Arable land ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
47 pags.- 6 Tabls.- 5 Figs. The definitive version is available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0308521X, Agriculture contributes to a significant proportion of global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) but can also participate in climate change mitigation. The introduction of legumes in crop rotations reduces the dependence on N fertilizers and may mitigate the carbon (C) footprint of cropping systems. The aim of this study was to quantify the C footprint of six low-input arable cropping systems resulting from the combination of three levels of grain legumes introduction in a 3-yr rotation (GL0: no grain legumes, GL1: 1 grain legume, GL2: 2 grain legumes) and the use of cover crops (CC) or bare fallow (BF) between cash crops, covering two rotation cycles (6 years). The approach considered external emissions, on-site emissions and soil organic carbon (SOC) stock changes, and prioritized (i) field observations and (ii) simulation of non-measured variables with the STICS model, rather than default emission factors. As expected, fertilizers accounted for 80–90% of external emissions, being reduced by 50% and 102% with grain legumes introduction in GL1-BF and GL2-BF, compared to the cereal-based rotation (GL0-BF). Cover crops management increased machinery emissions by 24–35% compared to BF. Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were low, ranging between 205 and 333 kg CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1 in GL1-BF and GL0-BF, respectively. Nitrate leaching represented the indirect emission of 11.6 to 27.2 kg CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1 in the BF treatments and 8.2 to 10.7 kg CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1 in the CC treatments. Indirect emissions due to ammonia volatilization ranged between 8.4 and 41.8 kg CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1. The introduction of grain legumes strongly influenced SOC changes and, consequently, the C footprint. In the BF systems, grain legumes introduction in the rotations led to a significant increase in the C footprint, because of higher SOC losses. Contrarily, the use of cover crops mitigated SOC losses, and lowered the C footprint. These results indicated the need of CC when increasing the number of grain legumes in cereal-based rotations. Despite the multiple known benefits of introducing grain legumes in cropping systems our research highlights the need to consider soil organic carbon changes in environmental assessments., This research was supported by (i) the FP6 Grain Legumes Integrated Project (food-CT-2004-506223), (ii) the European Commission (REA) through the LEGATO project (FP7-613551) and (iii) the French National Research Agency (ANR) through the LEGITIMES French project (ANR-13-AGRO-0004). It also benefited from the support of the Climate-CAFE European project, which was selected by the European FACCE-JPI ERA-NET Plus program. INS was funded thanks to a convention between the University of Lleida and INRA-Toulouse. DPB received a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral grant from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (IJCI-2016-27784).
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- 2018
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139. Rapeseed-pea intercrop outperforms wheat-legume ones in land-use efficiency in Mediterranean conditions.
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Blanc, Louise, Lampurlanés, Jorge, Simon-Miquel, Genís, Jean-Marius, Lucie, and Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel
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AGRICULTURE , *FAVA bean , *CATCH crops , *INTERCROPPING , *GRAIN yields - Abstract
Intercropping has gained attention as a strategy to diversify cereal-based systems and enhance sustainability. However, its performance in Mediterranean conditions, especially in non-organic farming, remains less explored. Assess the performance of intercropping under contrasting nitrogen (N) fertilisation levels to enhance productivity in the Mediterranean region. Three intercropping (IC) systems were compared with their respective sole crops under on-farm irrigated conditions in the Ebro Valley (NE Spain). The mixtures included rapeseed/pea (IC-RP) and durum wheat/pea (IC-WP) over three seasons from 2021 to 2023, and durum wheat/faba bean (IC-WF) in 2022 and 2023. A row intercropping design was set at a 50/50 replacement ratio, with two N fertilisation treatments: 0 N (no mineral N) and +N (75 kg mineral N ha−1, with additional pre-sowing fertilisation with pig slurry applied at 165 kg N ha−1 in 2023 only). Key variables included grain yield, land equivalent ratio (LER), overyielding index, biomass and N concentration. The IC-WP and IC-WF showed reduced legumes yields due to competition, with no overyielding or increased land use efficiency (LER=0.94 and 0.86, respectively). In contrast, IC-RP exhibited increased land use efficiency (LER=1.43), though with high variability, and achieved overyielding (+9 %) in only one out of the three years. Intercropping productivity in Mediterranean areas depends heavily on species selection. Pairing species with different physiology, like rapeseed and pea, promotes temporal niche differentiation and compensation mechanisms. Conversely, closer-matched species like wheat and legumes tend to intensify competition, reducing benefits. Several indicators are necessary to assess intercropping performance. Rapeseed-pea intercropping warrants deeper exploration in Mediterranean conditions. • 3 intercropping systems were studied in on-farm irrigated conditions for 2–3 years. • Wheat-legume land use efficiency was similar to or lower than respective sole crops. • Rapeseed-pea increased land use efficiency 2 out of 3 years compared to sole crops. • Varying species phenology and architecture favour compensation mechanisms. • Multiple indicators must be considered to fairly assess intercrops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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140. Performance of co-designed diversified Mediterranean cropping systems: Hybridizing stakeholders' knowledge and modelling data.
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Blanc, Louise, Rezgui, Ferdaous, Hossard, Laure, Lampurlanés, Jorge, Simon-Miquel, Genís, and Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel
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CROPPING systems , *CROP diversification , *WINTER grain , *GROSS margins , *ECONOMIC indicators - Abstract
Mediterranean cropping systems, characterised by continuous cereal cropping, are largely dependent on synthetic inputs, such as N fertilisers. On the other hand, they face difficult pedoclimatic conditions, exacerbated by climate change. Diversification is seen as a way to increase cropping systems resilience. The aim of this study was to co-design diversified cropping systems based on the expertise of local stakeholders and co-assess their performance, using modelling data. Our case study is the Ebro valley in Spain, a Mediterranean area with great potential for diversification, particularly where irrigation is available. Two workshops were organized to i) define the reference system in the study area and its limitations ii) co-design diversified systems to overcome these limitations and iii) co-assess reference and diversified systems. Between the two workshops, the STICS soil-crop model was calibrated with local experimental data, enabling to simulate the inter-annual (2000–2021) agronomic and environmental performance of the reference and diversified systems. An economic analysis was conducted. Stakeholders evaluated all economic, agronomic and environmental aspects. The reference system was a continuous winter cereal crop based on synthetic N fertilisation and intensive tillage. The four diversified co-designed systems consisted in introducing pea and/or rapeseed every 2 or 4 years, reducing tillage and partially replacing synthetic N fertilisation with locally sourced livestock manure. Simulation results showed that wheat and barley grain yields remained stable with diversification. Pea and rapeseed yields were lower in rotations where both were introduced compared to when each was the only break crop over 4 years. At the system level, protein yield remained stable with diversification, however, energy yield decreased by 20 % when break crops were introduced twice and by 10 % when introduced once. Gross margins improved with diversification only when pea was introduced once (12 %), mainly due to reduced expenses (-31 %), while incomes remained stable compared to RCS. However, incomes decreased by 5 % when rapeseed was introduced once, and by 10 % when both break crops were introduced. Unexpectedly, environmental performance deteriorated with diversification, with increased N losses through ammonia volatilisation and nitrate leaching in the years following pea and rapeseed cropping, due to greater N availability in the soil. An increased use of pesticides was predicted by the stakeholders in diversified systems, where the environmental impacts were exacerbated with the higher presence of break crops. The reference system presented slightly lower N availability and increased soil organic carbon storage. Overall, the approach proved useful in identifying a diversification strategy that improved agronomic and economic performance, with the system including pea once every four years being the most efficient. However, the environmental trade-offs associated with the increased presence of pea and rapeseed in the crop rotation must be considered in order to mitigate the environmental risks. • Participatory workshops and modelling were combined to assess diversification. • Introducing pea and rapeseed maintain protein yield but decreased energy yield. • Continuous cereal was the most efficient in raising long-term soil organic carbon. • Gross margin increased only when introducing pea once in a 4-year rotation (+12 %). • Diversified cropping systems increased N availability and risk of losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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141. Soil organic carbon sequestration when converting a rainfed cropping system to irrigated corn under different tillage systems and N fertilizer rates
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Daniel Plaza-Bonilla, Carlos Cantero-Martínez, Evangelina Pareja-Sánchez, Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge [0000-0002-0192-7954], Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel [0000-0003-4998-8585], Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, and Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel
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Tillage ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Soil Science ,Environmental science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Soil carbon ,010501 environmental sciences ,Cropping system ,01 natural sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,N fertilizer - Abstract
42 Pags.- 5 Tabls.- 4 Figs. © 2020 The Authors. Soil Science Society of America Journal © 2020 Soil Science Society of America, The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of 21 years of tillage and N fertilization and the conversion from a rainfed to an irrigated cropping system on soil organic C (SOC). The study was carried out in northeastern Spain in a long‐term tillage and N rate field experiment established in 1996 under barley rainfed conditions, which in 2015 was converted into irrigation with corn. Three types of tillage (conventional tillage, CT; reduced tillage, RT; no‐tillage, NT) and three mineral N fertilization rates (0, 60, and 120 kg N ha−1 under barley, and 0, 200, and 400 kg N ha−1 under corn) were compared. Annual C‐inputs as aboveground crop residues and annual SOC sequestration rate (∆SOCrate) (0–40 cm depth) were calculated in three different periods (P1, P2 and P3) under rainfed (‐R) and irrigated (‐I) conditions (P1‐R, from 1996 to 2009; P2‐R, from 2009 to 2015; P3‐I, from 2015 to 2017). At the end of P3‐I, particulate organic C (POC) was measured from the 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm depths. Averaged over all treatments, ∆SOCrate was 492, 222, and 969 kg C ha−1 yr−1 for P1‐R, P2‐R, and P3‐I, respectively. In P1‐R and P3‐I, C‐input explained 70% of the variability of ∆SOCrate. In P1‐R, ∆SOCrate followed the order NT > RT > CT, while for N rate, order was high > medium > 0. In P3‐I at the highest N rate, ∆SOCrate followed the order NT > RT > CT. In P2‐R, ∆SOCrate did not show differences between tillage and/or N rate treatments. The increase in SOC after conversion from a rainfed to an irrigation system was mainly explained by POC, which was increased by 75% compared to the previous rainfed period. The modification of the cropping system through the introduction of irrigation and adequate crop management practices under no‐tillage and adjusted N fertilizer rates can contribute to the sequestration of large amounts of atmospheric CO2., This research work was financially supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (project AGL2013-49062-C4-1-R; PhD fellowship BES‐2014‐070039). DPB received a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral grant from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (IJCI-2016-27784) and is Ramón y Cajal fellow (RYC2018-024536-I) of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades.
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- 2020
142. Managing Drylands for Sustainable Agriculture
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Carlos Cantero-Martínez, Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes, Daniel Plaza-Bonilla, Dolors Villegas, José Luis Arrúe Ugarte, Arrue Ugarte, José Luis, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Arrue Ugarte, José Luis [0000-0002-5855-9240], Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge [0000-0002-0192-7954], Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel [0000-0003-4998-8585], and Cantero-Martínez, Carlos [0000-0002-6984-2025]
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business.industry ,Agroforestry ,Semiarid lands ,Conservation agriculture ,Water use efficiency ,Greenhouse gas emission ,Mediterranean agroecosystems ,Tillage ,Climate change mitigation ,Agriculture ,Sustainable agriculture ,Wind erosion ,Land degradation ,Dryland farming ,Nutrient use efficiency ,Environmental science ,business ,Soil conservation ,Conservation tillage ,Crop residue management - Abstract
28 Pags.- 3 Figs., Major constraints to rainfed production systems in the world’s drylands include low and highly variable rainfall, nutrient deficiencies and land degradation by wind and water erosion. Although the same principles to cope with these limitations could be in theory applied to all dryland situations, there is no a universal recipe for sustainable dryland agriculture. In this chapter, the authors recall some of the challenges that have been identified for semiarid rainfed farming systems, namely soil conservation, water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency and climate change mitigation, as well as some sustainable cropping and management strategies that have been formulated and recommended to address them appropriately. To this end, the authors provide examples supporting those practices mainly from semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystems. Among all the strategies discussed in this Chapter, and despite their limitations, the maintenance of a protective crop residue cover and the reduction of tillage operations appear to be the simplest technological options not only to control soil erosion but also to improve water and nutrient use efficiency and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The authors conclude that sustainable agricultural management in drylands should be primarily based on conservation agriculture practices and associated local-based crop residue management systems.
- Published
- 2019
143. Impact of tillage and N fertilization rate on soil N2O emissions in irrigated maize in a Mediterranean agroecosystem
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Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes, Daniel Plaza-Bonilla, Carlos Cantero-Martínez, Evangelina Pareja-Sánchez, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Cantero-Martínez, Carlos [0000-0002-6984-2025], Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge [0000-0002-0192-7954], Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel [0000-0003-4998-8585], Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, and Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel
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0106 biological sciences ,Irrigation ,Yield-scaled N2O emissions ,Randomized block design ,Growing season ,engineering.material ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Emission factor ,Tillage systems ,Soil management ,Irrigated maize ,Conventional tillage ,Soil N2O emissions ,Ecology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,N fertilization ,Tillage ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Fertilizer ,Hordeum vulgare ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
In irrigated Mediterranean conditions there is a lack of knowledge about the best combination of tillage and N fertilization practices to reduce soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions while maintaining maize productivity. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of different soil management practices and synthetic N fertilization rates on soil N2O emissions and their relationship with maize grain yield to determine the best management system to reduce yield-scaled N2O emissions (YSNE) in a semiarid area recently converted to irrigation under Mediterranean conditions. A long-term tillage and N rate field experiment established in 1996 under barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) rainfed conditions, was converted to irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) in 2015. After the transformation to irrigation, the field experiment maintained the same tillage treatments and N fertilization rates. Three types of tillage (conventional tillage, CT; reduced tillage, RT; no-tillage, NT) and three mineral N fertilization rates (0, 200, 400 kg N ha−1) were compared during three years (2015–2017) in a randomized block design with three replications. Soil N2O emissions, water-filled pore space, soil temperature, mineral N content (as NH4+ and NO3−), denitrification potential and maize grain yield and above-ground N uptake were quantified. Moreover, the emission factor (EF) and YSNE were calculated. The results showed that the combination of NT and the highest rate of N fertilization led to greater N2O emissions. Furthermore, the lowest N2O fluxes were observed in CT when WFPS was below 40% and the highest N2O fluxes were seen in NT when WFPS was above 60% coinciding with the greatest denitrification potential. Cumulative N2O emissions in 2017 and 2015 followed the order 400 > 200 > 0 kg N ha−1, while in 2016, rate of 400 and 200 kg N ha−1 showed greater cumulative N2O emission compared to the control. Only RT showed differences between growing seasons on cumulative N2O emissions, with greater values in 2017 compared to 2015, and intermediate values in 2016. In all treatments, the N2O EF was much lower than the default IPCC emission factor (1%). NT and RT increased the grain production compared to CT which was affected by severe soil crusting causing water deficit. Likewise, N fertilizer treatments significantly affected the YSNE, increasing with increasing fertilizer N application rate in the first year of study. Our data show that the use of NT or RT does not lead to more yield-scaled N2O emissions than CT in Mediterranean agroecosystems recently converted to irrigation., This research work was financially supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (project AGL2013-49062-C4-1-R; PhD fellowship BES‐2014‐070039). DPB received a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral grant from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (IJCI-2016-27784).
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- 2019
144. Is it feasible to reduce tillage and N use while improving maize yield in irrigated Mediterranean agroecosystems?
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Daniel Plaza-Bonilla, Carlos Cantero-Martínez, Evangelina Pareja-Sánchez, Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel [0000-0003-4998-8585], Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge [0000-0003-2902-5204], Cantero-Martínez, Carlos [0000-0002-6984-2025], Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, and Cantero-Martínez, Carlos
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0106 biological sciences ,Irrigation ,Soil Science ,Crops ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Tillage systems ,Soil management ,N use efficiency ,Cropping system ,Grain yield ,Stover ,Conventional tillage ,Corn ,Crop yield ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,N fertilization ,Maize ,Tillage ,Blat de moro ,Conreu ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Water use ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
11 Pags.- 2 Tabls.- 7 Figs., Mediterranean rainfed areas are transformed into irrigation to stabilize or increase crop yields. The gradual occupation of irrigation leads to an increase in nitrogen use and intensity of tillage. The aim of this work was to evaluate the combined impact of tillage systems and mineral N fertilization rates on maize grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies (WUE and NUE) under Mediterranean irrigated conditions. The study was carried out in NE Spain during three maize growing seasons (i.e. years 2015, 2016 and 2017). A long-term (LTE) tillage and N rate field experiment established in 1996 under rainfed conditions was transformed into irrigation with maize (Zea mays L.) monocrop as cropping system in 2015. Three types of tillage (conventional tillage, CT; reduced tillage, RT; no-tillage, NT) and three mineral N fertilization rates (0, 200, 400 kg N ha−1) were compared. In 2015, an adjacent experiment (short-term experiment, STE) with the same layout was set up in an area previously managed under long-term rainfed NT for the last 21 years. In the long-term tillage and N fertilization combination (LTE), the reduction of tillage (NT and RT) led to greater grain yield when applying 200 and 400 kg N ha−1 compared to the use of the same rates under CT. Differently, in the sort-term experiment with preceding NT (STE), tillage systems did not influence grain yields, while N application led to greater yields than the control (0 kg N ha−1). In both situations (LTE and STE), NT and RT enhanced soil water content before planting leading to greater crop growth compared to CT. The lack of available water under CT caused lower maize stover, yield, and yield components in LTE and, therefore, lower WUEB (for biomass) and WUEY (for yield). In LTE, the use of long-term CT led to a significant accumulation of nitrate compared to NT. Differently, in the STE, soil nitrate content did not show differences between tillage systems. In the LTE, water and N were used more efficiently to produce aboveground biomass and grain yield in RT and NT. Our study shows that in Mediterranean agroecosystems transformed into irrigation the use of NT and RT with medium rates of N leads to greater maize yield, WUE and NUE than the traditional management based on CT with high rates of mineral N. In rainfed areas with long-term history of no-till, this soil management system can be successfully maintained if transformed into irrigation., This research work was financially supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (project AGL2013-49062-C4-1-R; PhD fellowship BES‐2014‐070039). DPB received a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral grant from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (IJCI-2016-27784).
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- 2019
145. Tillage and irrigation system effects on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions in a maize monoculture under Mediterranean conditions.
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Franco-Luesma, Samuel, Cavero, José, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Arrúe, José Luis, and Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
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CARBON dioxide , *TILLAGE , *SPRINKLER irrigation , *CARBON in soils , *IRRIGATION , *CORN stover , *CORN - Abstract
• Soil tillage and irrigation system affected soil CO 2 emissions. • A threshold value at 60 % WFPS was found for soil CO 2 fluxes under flood irrigation. • No-tillage systems reduced cumulative CO 2 emissions by 30 %. • Sprinkler irrigation increased cumulative CO 2 emissions and total aboveground biomass. • Soil acted as a sink of CH 4 throughout the measurement period. Irrigation as well as soil tillage management are considered two possible strategies to reduce carbon dioxide (CO 2) and methane (CH 4) emissions from the soil in Mediterranean agroecosystems. The objective of this work was to assess the impact of the irrigation system (i.e. flood, F; and sprinkler, S) and the soil tillage system (i.e. conventional tillage, CT; no-tillage maintaining the maize stover, NTr; and no-tillage removing the maize stover, NT) on CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from the soil during three growing seasons (2015, 2016 and 2017) and two fallow periods between growing seasons (15–16 fallow and 16–17 fallow) in a maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture system. Soil temperature and water-filled pore space (WFPS) had a great influence on daily soil CO 2 fluxes but not on daily soil CH 4 fluxes. In all tillage-irrigation treatments, daily soil CO 2 fluxes showed an increase with soil temperature, being this increment greater when soil temperature was above 15 °C in coincidence with the maize plant growth. In contrast, soil WFPS differently affected daily soil CO 2 fluxes depending on the irrigation system. Under S irrigation, daily soil CO 2 fluxes increased with soil WFPS, whereas under F irrigation a threshold value of 60% WFPS was found, with a positive or negative effect on CO 2 fluxes for values below or above this threshold value, respectively. Over the three maize growing seasons, CT-S presented the greatest cumulative soil CO 2 emissions with a seasonal average value of 3.28 Mg CO 2 -C ha−1. In contrast, for the same period, NTr-S cumulative soil CO 2 emissions were up to 42% lower than the CT-S cumulative soil CO 2 emissions. Cumulative CH 4 emissions were only affected by soil tillage during the 16–17 fallow period, resulting both NTr and NT in greater net CH 4 uptake compared with CT. This work highlights the importance of irrigation and soil tillage systems as key agricultural practices to minimize soil CO 2 and CH 4 emissions under Mediterranean conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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146. Tillage and nitrogen fertilization in irrigated maize: key practices to reduce soil CO2 and CH4 emissions.
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Pareja-Sánchez, Evangelina, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, and Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel
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NITROGEN fertilizers , *TILLAGE , *CORN , *SOILS , *SOIL crusting , *FERTILIZERS - Abstract
• No-tillage significantly increased soil CO 2 emissions at the highest N-fertilizer rate. • Soil CO 2 emission depends on soil temperature and moisture. • Soil acted as a CH 4 sink in all treatments. • Reduced and no-tillage increased above-ground C-inputs at the highest N-fertilizer rate. In newly irrigated Mediterranean agroecosystems, the combined effect of tillage and N fertilization on soil carbon dioxide (CO 2) and methane (CH 4) fluxes is at present poorly understood. The goal of this study was to quantify both soil CO 2 and CH 4 emissions as well as crop performance under different tillage systems and N fertilization rates during three maize (Zea mays L.) growing seasons (2015–2017) in a semiarid area converted to irrigated. Three types of tillage (conventional tillage, CT, reduced tillage, RT, and no-tillage, NT) and three mineral N fertilization rates (0, 200, and 400 kg N ha−1) were compared in a randomized block design with three replications. Weekly soil CO 2 and CH 4 emissions, soil temperature and gravimetric moisture were measured. Moreover, maize above-ground biomass, grain yield, and above-ground C-inputs were quantified. Carbon dioxide emissions ranged from 173 to 4378 mg CO 2 -C m-2 d-1. No-tillage showed a greater mean soil CO 2 flux than CT when applying the highest rate of N (400 kg N ha-1). Although some emissions of CH 4 were observed, all treatments acted as net CH 4 sinks during most of the experimental period. A linear multiple relationship between soil CO 2 fluxes and soil gravimetric moisture (0–5 cm depth) and temperature (10 cm depth) were found. In the 2015 growing season, greater cumulative CO 2 emissions were found under NT and RT compared with CT, while in 2016 N T showed the highest values compared to CT with intermediate values in RT. Differently, in 2017 no differences between tillage systems were found. When applying N fertilizer, NT and RT increased maize grain production and above-ground C-inputs compared to CT, since a severe soil crusting occurred in this last, which caused crop water deficit. The results suggest that tillage intensity and N fertilization rate reduction can increase maize biomass production and yield which leads to greater C-input that returns to the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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147. Co-design of diversified cropping systems in the Mediterranean area.
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Hossard, Laure, Blanc, Louise, Lambarraa-Lehnhardt, Fatima, Dordas, Christos, Papakaloudis, Paschalis, Michalitsis, Andreas, Lampurlanes, Jorge, Latati, Mourad, Touama, Rima, Kherif, Omar, Métral, Raphael, and Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel
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CROPPING systems , *AGROFORESTRY , *CLIMATE change adaptation , *CROP diversification , *PEST analysis , *PARTICIPATORY design - Abstract
Agriculture today faces opposing challenges: reducing its environmental impacts while feeding a growing population and adapting to climate change. Diversification of cropping systems has been proposed as a solution to address these issues and promote sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. While alternatives have been proposed by research and development, changing the agricultural systems remains a huge challenge. Engaging local actors when considering those changes is important for their successful implementation. While co-designing with stakeholders is gaining interest in the scientific community, approaches that consider varying local contexts remain uncommon. In this study, our aim was to co-design, during workshops with local stakeholders, diversification options in five case studies located in the Mediterranean countries of Algeria, France, Greece, and Spain. Prior to the co-design process, we conducted a SWOT/PESTLE analysis in each case study to analyze the local context of current and potential agricultural systems. Our hypothesis was that co-designed systems would differ between case studies, according to their environmental, social and political contexts leading to fine-tuned locally ad hoc systems. Options for intercropping and diversifying rotations were considered for both cereal-based systems and vine systems. Additionally, these options included adapted management practices for cereal-based systems and more innovative diversification, such as photovoltaic panels or agroforestry, for vine systems. While some of these options could serve as adaptations to climate change, they may not be sufficient to address future climate conditions. Interestingly, we did not observe significant differences among the system options designed for the various case studies, even though the local contexts were very different. Indeed, options only partially addressed the issues identified by stakeholders: primarily, economic and environmental threats. This study points to the advantage of participatory research in diverse contexts along with cross-case analyses, and to the need to consider the future of these Mediterranean regions, where crop diversification is limited by water deficit. To foster the transition next steps should consider assessing experimentally these systems with farmers to stimulate learning, while considering market possibilities. • We combined SWOT analysis and co-design workshops to study diversification options. • The approach was applied in five case studies in the Mediterranean basin. • Intercropping was seen as the most promising solution in most case studies. • New cereal-based rotations included legume species, or rapeseed. • New systems provided a partial solution to local environmental and economic threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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148. A win-win situation – Increasing protein production and reducing synthetic N fertilizer use by integrating soybean into irrigated Mediterranean cropping systems.
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Simon-Miquel, Genís, Reckling, Moritz, Lampurlanés, Jorge, and Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel
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CROP rotation , *SYNTHETIC fertilizers , *CROPPING systems , *DOUBLE cropping , *PROTEIN expression , *PLANT proteins , *SOYBEAN - Abstract
Over the last decades, non-cereal crops have been displaced in European cropping systems leading to a significant dependency on imported soybean. Continuous maize cropping under Mediterranean irrigated conditions can lead to agronomic and environmental problems. The objective of this work was to assess diversified Mediterranean irrigated cropping systems to maximize protein production while reducing synthetic N fertilizer use. A field experiment was carried out from 2019 to 2021 in an irrigated area in NE Spain. Four cropping systems, (i) continuous maize (MM), (ii) soybean in a rotation one out of three years (MSrt), (iii) barley-maize double cropping system (BM), and (iv) barley-soybean double cropping system (BS) were assessed at the crop, pre-crop and cropping system level. Productivity in terms of grain, energy and protein yield was measured at the crop and calculated for the cropping system level. As well, synthetic N fertilizer use efficiency was calculated for each cropping system. At the pre-crop level, soybean introduction led to a 28% yield increase in the following cereal (maize or barley) mainly due to the residual N effect. At the cropping system level, soybean in rotation (MSrt) did not lead to a significant increase in total protein production compared to MM (from 895 to 947 kg ha−1 yr−1), but it mildly increased synthetic N fertilizer use efficiency. Protein production in the BS system (1778 kg protein ha−1 yr−1) was significantly higher than in all other cropping systems (990 kg protein ha−1 yr−1 on average). As well, BS was the cropping system with the highest synthetic N fertilizer use efficiency compared to the other cropping systems (251 and 88 kg grain kg synthetic N fertilizer−1). Our results demonstrate that introducing soybean as a double crop following barley is a successful strategy to reduce environmental impacts resulting from N fertilizer use and increase protein production, contributing to plant protein self-sufficiency and cropping systems diversification. • Four cropping systems were assessed at the crop, pre-crop and cropping system level. • Soybean introduction in single cropping systems did not increase protein yield. • Soybean pre-crop effect increased the following cereal yields by 28%. • Barley-soybean double cropping increased protein yield at the cropping system level. • Synthetic N use efficiency was highest in barley soybean double cropping system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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149. Simulating climate change and land use effects on soil nitrous oxide emissions in Mediterranean conditions using the Daycent model.
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Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Arrúe, José Luis, Bielsa, Ana, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, and Paustian, Keith
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CLIMATE change , *LAND use , *NITROUS oxide & the environment , *NITROGEN in soils , *SOIL pollution - Abstract
In Mediterranean agroecosystems, limited information exists about possible impacts of climate change on soil N 2 O emissions under different land uses. This paper presents a modelling study with a dual objective. Firstly, the biogeochemical Daycent model was evaluated to predict soil N 2 O emissions in different land uses in a typical Mediterranean agroecosystem. Secondly, the study aimed to determine the impact of climate change on soil N 2 O emissions in different Mediterranean land uses over an 85-year period. Soil N 2 O emissions were measured in three land uses (cropland, abandoned land and afforested land) over 18 months (December 2011 to June 2013) in a characteristic Mediterranean site in Spain. For climate change simulations, Daycent was run with and without atmospheric CO 2 enrichment using climate data from the CGCM2-A2 model. The cumulative N 2 O emissions predicted by the Daycent model agreed well with the observed values. The lack of fit (LOFIT) and the relative error (E) statistics determined that the model error was not greater than the error in the measurements and that the bias in the simulation values was lower than the 95% confidence interval of the measurements. For the different land uses and climate scenarios, annual cumulative N 2 O emissions ranged from 126 to 642 g N 2 O-N ha −1 yr −1 . Over the simulated 85-year period, climate change decreased soil N 2 O emissions in all three land uses. At the same time, under climate change, water filled pore space (WFPS) values decreased between 4% and 15% depending on the land use and climate change scenario considered. This study demonstrated the ability of the Daycent model to simulate soil N 2 O emissions in different land uses. According to model predictions, in Mediterranean conditions, climate change would lead to reduced N 2 O emissions in a range of land uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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150. Relay cropping for sustainable intensification of agriculture across temperate regions: Crop management challenges and future research priorities.
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Lamichhane, Jay Ram, Alletto, Lionel, Cong, Wen-Feng, Dayoub, Elana, Maury, Pierre, Plaza-Bonilla, Daniel, Reckling, Moritz, Saia, Sergio, Soltani, Elias, Tison, Gilles, and Debaeke, Philippe
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CROPPING systems , *SUSTAINABLE agriculture , *CROP management , *AGRICULTURAL intensification , *PESTS , *HARVESTING - Abstract
Relay cropping (RC) is a multiple cropping system that consists in planting a second crop into a standing first crop prior to its harvest. RC has potential to address food security and environmental sustainability via spatio-temporal diversification of cropping systems. Key potential benefits of RC include increased crop productivity, net economic returns, land use efficiency, soil fertility, efficient nutrient cycling, and pest control (pests sensu lato that include animal pests, pathogens and weeds). Despite these potential benefits, RC is poorly adopted worldwide, especially in Europe, compared to other forms of innovative cropping systems including cover- and inter-cropping. Here we review the literature to assemble information on key factors affecting the performance of RC by focusing on field crops grown for grain harvest purpose across temperate regions. We found severe knowledge gaps on crop management issues affecting the RC performance including the crop species and genotypic traits to be efficiently combined; the RC configuration including row number and width; optimal sowing dates and densities; irrigation, fertilization, and pest management; and technical problems in the harvesting phase. We identified that while RC may represent "a very versatile system" for farmers in terms of crop management - via an efficient utilization of time, labor, and equipment - this cropping system also requires a lot of anticipation and organization even before the primary crop sowing. This increases crop management complexity for the farmers including the difficulty in managing " the competition phase " and the need for specific farming equipments. Finally, we propose three research priorities to fill the current knowledge gaps in RC research and implementation, worldwide, viz. varietal evaluation and selection, RC modelling and development of decision support systems, and technological innovation for an improved RC management. • Relay cropping may be practiced under conventional, organic and conservation agriculture. • Despite a lot of research on relay cropping, we found little evidence of relay cropping uptake by farmers. • Crop management complexities that increase labour costs and unfavorable climatic conditions are two plausible hypotheses affecting relay cropping adoption. • Technological innovation is required for an improved management of relay cropping. • Crop models developed so far are not adapted for effective modeling of relay cropping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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