Search

Hematoma clearance is crucial for treating intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Currently, there is a lack of pharmacological therapy aimed at promoting hematoma absorption. Meningeal lymphatic system, as a drain of brain, is a potential therapeutic approach in ICH. Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS), proven to promote lymphangiogenesis in periphery, effectively reduces hematoma in ICH patients. However, the potential pharmacological effect of PNS on meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of PNS on the meningeal lymphatic system and ICH. The collagenase-ICH model was conducted to investigate the effect of PNS. Behavioral tests, including modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and foot-fault test, and hematoma volume were used to estimate the neurological function and curative effect. The structure and drainage function of MLVs was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Visudyne intracisternal magna injection combined with red laser photoconversion was performed to ablate MLVs. RNA-sequencing was used to obtain mRNA profiles for mechanistic investigation. The meningeal lymphatic drainage function was enhanced after ICH on day 14 without obvious lymphangiogenesis. Additionally, PNS further facilitated the process of drain with simultaneously inducing lymphangiogenesis. Moreover, ablation of MLVs by photoconverting of visudyne significantly blocked the benefits of neurological deficits improvement and hematoma absorption conducted by PNS. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing revealed that PNS regulated axonogenesis and inflammation, relying on the intact MLVs. In which, solute carrier family 17 member 7 (Slc17a7) and tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) were identified as bottleneck and hub nodes of the protein-protein interaction network of target genes, respectively. PNS might be effective for ICH treatment by enhancing lymphangiogenesis and the meningeal lymphatic drainage function, thereby attenuating inflammation and promoting neurological recovery. The role of PNS in regulation of MLVs was investigated for the first time. This study provides a novel insight for PNS in the medical therapy of ICH. Panax Notoginseng Saponins promotes hematoma absorption via enhancing the meningeal lymphatic system in intracerebral hemorrhage. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panax ginseng is reputed to be capable of replenishing healthy Qi and bolstering physical strength, and P. notoginseng can resolve blood stasis and alleviate pain. P. ginseng and P. notoginseng are frequently employed to treat ischemic heart diseases caused by blockages in the heart vessels. Mitochondrial dysfunction often coexists with abnormal mitochondrial morphology, and mitochondrial plasticity and dynamics play key roles in cardiovascular diseases. In this study, primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to 4 hours of hypoxia(H) followed by 2 hours of reoxygenation(R). MitoTracker Deep Red and Hoechst 33342 were used to label mitochondria and nuclei, respectively. Fluorescence images were then acquired using ImageXpress Micro Confocal. Automated image processing and parameter extraction/calculation were carried out using ImagePro Plus. Subsequently, representative parameters were selected as indicators to assess alterations in mitochondrial morphology and function. The active compounds of P. ginseng and P. notoginseng were screened out and identified based on the UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS results and mitochondrial morphometric parameters. The findings demonstrated that RS-2, RS-4, SQ-1, and SQ-4 significantly increased the values of three key morphometric parameters, including mitochondrial length, branching, and area, which might contribute to rescuing morphological features of myocardial cells damaged by H/R injury. Among the active components of the two medicinal herbs, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg_3, ginsenoside Re, and gypenoside ⅩⅦ exhibited the strongest protective effects on mitochondria in cardiomyocytes. Specifically, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg_3 might upregulate expression of optic atrophy 1(OPA1) and mitofusin 2(MFN2), and ginsenoside Re and gypenoside ⅩⅦ might selectively upregulate OPA1 expression. Collectively, they promoted mitochondrial membrane fusion and mitigated mitochondrial damage, thereby exerting protective effects on cardiomyocytes. This study provides experimental support for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury from P. ginseng and P. notoginseng and offers a novel approach for large-scale screening of bioactive compounds with cardioprotective effects from traditional Chinese medicines.

[Display omitted] • (20S)-Protopanaxatriol (PPT), a natural product from Panax notoginseng , enhances osteosarcoma cell sensitivity to ferroptosis. • (20S)-PPT increases ACSL4 expression, a key enzyme that promotes lipid peroxidation, thereby sensitizing osteosarcoma cells to ferroptosis inducers like RSL3. • The combination of (20S)-PPT and IKE significantly suppresses osteosarcoma xenograft growth in vivo. • Targeting ACSL4 with (20S)-PPT presents a promising therapeutic approach for osteosarcoma, especially in cases resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Current treatments for osteosarcoma, the most common primary bone cancer, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are largely ineffective against metastatic and chemo-resistant cases, emphasizing the need for novel therapies. In this study, we investigated (20S)-Protopanaxatriol [(20S)-PPT], a natural product from Panax notoginseng, an herb used both as food and medicine, for its ability to enhance osteosarcoma sensitivity to ferroptosis induced by inducers such as RSL3, ML210, and IKE. Specifically, (20S)-PPT increased lipid peroxidation in osteosarcoma cells exposed to RSL3. This effect was mediated by ACSL4 upregulation, as ACSL4 knockdown reversed (20S)-PPT-sensitized ferroptosis. Importantly, (20S)-PPT significantly reduced tumor growth in xenograft models when combined with IKE. Collectively, our study confirms that combining (20S)-PPT with ferroptosis inducers offers a promising novel strategy for treating osteosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins, notoginsenosides SFt 5 –SFt 10 (1 – 6) were isolated from the processed leaves of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen (Araliaceae), together with eight known notoginsenosides (7 – 14), fourteen known ginsenosides (15 − 28), two known vinaginsenosides (29 − 30), and one known gypenoside (31). Their structures were established by detailed spectroscopic analysis (NMR, UV, IR, HRESI-MS) and acidic hydrolysis. Four compounds notoginsenoside SFt 1 (7), ginsenosides Rg 5 (17), C-Mc (23) and 20(R)–Rg 3 (25) have significant protective effects against L -glutamate-induced SH–SY5Y nerve injury (10 μ M). [Display omitted] • Six new triterpenoid saponins were isolated from Panax notoginseng. • Their structures were established by detailed spectroscopic analyses and acidic hydrolysis. • Four compounds demonstrated significant protective effects against L -glutamate-induced SH–SY5Y nerve injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agroforestry system provides a new option for P. notoginseng cultivation. However, the effects on soil health and microbial communities are still incomplete when monoculture coniferous forests are converted to P. notoginseng–pine plantations. To assess soil health, samples from five P. notoginseng–pine plantations were collected, including healthy plants and root-diseased plants, as well as plantation control soil. The samples were analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological aspects and soil microbial communities. Our results suggested that P. notoginseng planted under pine forest was more conducive to increased microbial biomass carbon, soil dissolved organic nitrogen, particulate organic nitrogen, and soil enzyme activities compared with uncultivated control soil. A quantitative assessment of soil health demonstrated that the comprehensive soil quality index (SQI) of P. notoginseng-cultivated soil exhibited marked increases of 79.41% and 119.85% in comparison with the control soil. The observed alterations in soil characteristics could be attributed to variations in the soil microbiome. This implies that changes in SQI positively regulate bacterial and fungal abundance in P. notoginseng–pine agroforestry ecosystems mainly through biological properties. This comprehensive SQI assessment helps to guide the cultivation of P. notoginseng under forest and improve soil quality for P. notoginseng–pine agroforestry ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realize the non-destructive identification of Panax notoginseng powder in different parts, this research proposes a nondestructive identification method based on the electronic nose and time-domain feature extraction. First, the electronic nose technology combined with statistical analysis method was used to collect and extract nine time-domain characteristics of the response information of Panax notoginseng whole root powder, tap root powder, rhizome powder, and fibrous powder, including the data at 110 s, the mean value between 101–120 s, the maximum value, minimum value, integral value, differential value, skewness factor, kurtosis factor, and standard deviation between 0–120 s. Next, three classical feature selection method was used to reduce the data dimension. Subsequently, the classification models of support vector machine (SVM), least-square support vector machine (LSSVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM) were established based on original data, multi-feature data, and feature selection data. Finally, the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithms were introduced to optimize the parameters of the classification model. The results show that the GWO-CARS-LSSVM achieved the best modeling effect, and the classification accuracy on the test set was 97.92%. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for rapid identification of adulteration of Panax notoginseng powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil acidification is an important factor leading to poor growth and root rot disease of Panax notoginseng in the understorey of forests. In this study, different amounts of quicklime (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 kg · hm-2) were amended into acid soil under forest. We evaluated the effect of quikelime addition on soil chemical properties, phenols, rhizosphere microorganisms and growth of P. notoginseng. The results showed that an appropriate amount of quicklime addition (500-1000 k g· hm-2) could significantly increase soil pH, decrease the content of phenols (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, syringic acid, ferulic acid and vanillic acid), promote P. notoginseng growth, and reduce the incidence of root rot disease. An appropriate amount of quicklime (500-1000 kg · hm-2) could significantly reduce the fungi; bacteria ratio, increase bacteria diversity, and increase the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Proteobacteria as well as Massilia and Sphingomonas. However, excessive quicklime addition (1500-2000 kg · hm-2) could reduce the content of available nitrogen and organic matter, and inhibit P. notoginseng growth. Therefore, 500-1000 k g· hm-2 of quicklime amendment could improve the chemical properties and microbial community of acid soil under forest, thereby promoting P. notoginseng growth, and reducing the incidence of root rot disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) exists widely in swine populations worldwide, and healthy PCV2 virus carriers have enhanced the severity of the infection, which is becoming more difficult to control. This study investigated the regulatory effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on the oxidative stress and histone acetylation modification induced by PCV2 in vitro and in mice. In vitro, PNS significantly increased the scavenging capacities of superoxide anion radicals (O2 •-) and hydroxyl radicals (• OH) and reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced by PCV2 in porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/2). In addition, PNS decreased the protein expression level of histone H4 acetylation (Ac-H4) by increasing the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) in PCV2-infected 3D4/2 cells. In vivo, PNS enhanced the scavenging capacities of • OH and O2 •− and reduced the content of H2O2 in the spleens of PCV2-infected mice. PNS also reduced the protein expression level of histone H3 acetylation (Ac-H3) by reducing the activity of histone acetylase (HAT) and increasing the activity of HDAC in the spleens of PCV2-infected mice. PCV2 infection activated oxidative stress and histone acetylation in vitro and in mice, but PNS ameliorated this oxidative stress. The research can provide experimental basis for exploring the antioxidant effect and the regulation of histone acetylation of PNS on PCV2-infected 3D4/2 cells and mice in vitro and in vivo, and provide new ideas for the treatment of PCV2 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most lethal cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. A key driver of CRC development is colon inflammatory responses especially in patients with inflammatory bowl disease (IBD). It has been proved that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor effects. The chemopreventive and immunomodulatory functions of PNS on colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) have not been evaluated.This present study was designed to study the potential protective effects of PNS on AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice to explore the possible mechanism of PNS against CAC. Our study showed that PNS significantly alleviated colitis severity and prevented the occurrence of CAC. Functional assays revealed that PNS relieved immunosuppression of Treg cells in the CAC microenvironment by inhibiting the expression of IDO1 mediated directly by signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) rather than phosphorylated STAT1. Ultimately, Rh1, one of the PNS metabolites, exhibited the best inhibitory effect on IDO1 enzyme activity. Our study showed that PNS exerted significant chemopreventive function and immunomodulatory properties on CAC. It could reduce macrophages accumulation and Treg cells differentiation to reshape the immune microenvironment of CAC. These findings provided a promising approach for CAC intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]