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20,499 results on '"P. Sharp"'

110. Distribution in homology classes and discrete fractal dimension

Author

Everitt, James and Sharp, Richard

Subjects
Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, 37D20 (Primary) 37C27, 37C30, 37D35, 37D40 (Secondary)
Abstract

In this note we examine the proportion of periodic orbits of Anosov flows that lie in an infinite zero density subset of the first homology group. We show that on a logarithmic scale we get convergence to a discrete fractal dimension., Comment: 8 pages

Published
2023
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111. Adaptive Shells for Efficient Neural Radiance Field Rendering

Author

Wang, Zian, Shen, Tianchang, Nimier-David, Merlin, Sharp, Nicholas, Gao, Jun, Keller, Alexander, Fidler, Sanja, Müller, Thomas, and Gojcic, Zan

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Graphics
Abstract

Neural radiance fields achieve unprecedented quality for novel view synthesis, but their volumetric formulation remains expensive, requiring a huge number of samples to render high-resolution images. Volumetric encodings are essential to represent fuzzy geometry such as foliage and hair, and they are well-suited for stochastic optimization. Yet, many scenes ultimately consist largely of solid surfaces which can be accurately rendered by a single sample per pixel. Based on this insight, we propose a neural radiance formulation that smoothly transitions between volumetric- and surface-based rendering, greatly accelerating rendering speed and even improving visual fidelity. Our method constructs an explicit mesh envelope which spatially bounds a neural volumetric representation. In solid regions, the envelope nearly converges to a surface and can often be rendered with a single sample. To this end, we generalize the NeuS formulation with a learned spatially-varying kernel size which encodes the spread of the density, fitting a wide kernel to volume-like regions and a tight kernel to surface-like regions. We then extract an explicit mesh of a narrow band around the surface, with width determined by the kernel size, and fine-tune the radiance field within this band. At inference time, we cast rays against the mesh and evaluate the radiance field only within the enclosed region, greatly reducing the number of samples required. Experiments show that our approach enables efficient rendering at very high fidelity. We also demonstrate that the extracted envelope enables downstream applications such as animation and simulation., Comment: SIGGRAPH Asia 2023. Project page: research.nvidia.com/labs/toronto-ai/adaptive-shells/

Published
2023

112. KPI Extraction from Maintenance Work Orders -- A Comparison of Expert Labeling, Text Classification and AI-Assisted Tagging for Computing Failure Rates of Wind Turbines

Author

Lutz, Marc-Alexander, Schäfermeier, Bastian, Sexton, Rachael, Sharp, Michael, Dima, Alden, Faulstich, Stefan, and Aluri, Jagan Mohini

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning, I.2.7, I.7
Abstract

Maintenance work orders are commonly used to document information about wind turbine operation and maintenance. This includes details about proactive and reactive wind turbine downtimes, such as preventative and corrective maintenance. However, the information contained in maintenance work orders is often unstructured and difficult to analyze, presenting challenges for decision-makers wishing to use it for optimizing operation and maintenance. To address this issue, this work compares three different approaches to calculate reliability by performance indicators from maintenance work orders. The first approach involves manual labeling of the maintenance work orders by domain experts, using the schema defined in an industrial guideline to assign the label accordingly. The second approach involves the development of a model that automatically labels the maintenance work orders using text classification methods. Through this method, we are able to achieve macro average and weighted average F1-Scores of 0.75 and 0.85 respectively. The third technique uses an AI-assisted tagging tool to tag and structure the raw maintenance information, together with a novel rule-based approach for extracting relevant maintenance work orders for failure rate calculation. In our experiments the AI-assisted tool leads to a 88% drop in tagging time in comparison to the other two approaches, while expert labeling and text classification are more accurate in KPI extraction. Overall, our findings make extracting maintenance information from maintenance work orders more efficient, enable the assessment of reliability key performance indicators and therefore support the optimization of wind turbine operation and maintenance.

Published
2023
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113. TexFusion: Synthesizing 3D Textures with Text-Guided Image Diffusion Models

Author

Cao, Tianshi, Kreis, Karsten, Fidler, Sanja, Sharp, Nicholas, and Yin, Kangxue

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning, I.3.3
Abstract

We present TexFusion (Texture Diffusion), a new method to synthesize textures for given 3D geometries, using large-scale text-guided image diffusion models. In contrast to recent works that leverage 2D text-to-image diffusion models to distill 3D objects using a slow and fragile optimization process, TexFusion introduces a new 3D-consistent generation technique specifically designed for texture synthesis that employs regular diffusion model sampling on different 2D rendered views. Specifically, we leverage latent diffusion models, apply the diffusion model's denoiser on a set of 2D renders of the 3D object, and aggregate the different denoising predictions on a shared latent texture map. Final output RGB textures are produced by optimizing an intermediate neural color field on the decodings of 2D renders of the latent texture. We thoroughly validate TexFusion and show that we can efficiently generate diverse, high quality and globally coherent textures. We achieve state-of-the-art text-guided texture synthesis performance using only image diffusion models, while avoiding the pitfalls of previous distillation-based methods. The text-conditioning offers detailed control and we also do not rely on any ground truth 3D textures for training. This makes our method versatile and applicable to a broad range of geometry and texture types. We hope that TexFusion will advance AI-based texturing of 3D assets for applications in virtual reality, game design, simulation, and more., Comment: Videos and more results on https://research.nvidia.com/labs/toronto-ai/texfusion/

Published
2023

114. Diamond-lattice photonic crystals assembled from DNA origami

Author

Posnjak, Gregor, Yin, Xin, Butler, Paul, Bienek, Oliver, Dass, Mihir, Sharp, Ian D., and Liedl, Tim

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Biological Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Colloidal self-assembly allows rational design of structures on the micrometer and submicrometer scale. One architecture that can generate complete 3D photonic band gaps is the diamond cubic lattice, which has remained difficult to realize at length scales comparable to the wavelength of visible or ultraviolet light. Here, we demonstrate three-dimensional photonic crystals self-assembled from DNA origami that act as precisely programmable patchy colloids. Our DNA-based nanoscale tetrapods crystallize into a rod-connected diamond cubic lattice with a periodicity of 170 nm. This structure serves as a scaffold for atomic layer deposition of high refractive index materials such as TiO$_2$, yielding a tunable photonic band gap in the near-ultraviolet.

Published
2023
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115. Implicit Gaussian process representation of vector fields over arbitrary latent manifolds

Author

Peach, Robert L., Vinao-Carl, Matteo, Grossman, Nir, David, Michael, Mallas, Emma, Sharp, David, Malhotra, Paresh A., Vandergheynst, Pierre, and Gosztolai, Adam

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Mathematical Software, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Gaussian processes (GPs) are popular nonparametric statistical models for learning unknown functions and quantifying the spatiotemporal uncertainty in data. Recent works have extended GPs to model scalar and vector quantities distributed over non-Euclidean domains, including smooth manifolds appearing in numerous fields such as computer vision, dynamical systems, and neuroscience. However, these approaches assume that the manifold underlying the data is known, limiting their practical utility. We introduce RVGP, a generalisation of GPs for learning vector signals over latent Riemannian manifolds. Our method uses positional encoding with eigenfunctions of the connection Laplacian, associated with the tangent bundle, readily derived from common graph-based approximation of data. We demonstrate that RVGP possesses global regularity over the manifold, which allows it to super-resolve and inpaint vector fields while preserving singularities. Furthermore, we use RVGP to reconstruct high-density neural dynamics derived from low-density EEG recordings in healthy individuals and Alzheimer's patients. We show that vector field singularities are important disease markers and that their reconstruction leads to a comparable classification accuracy of disease states to high-density recordings. Thus, our method overcomes a significant practical limitation in experimental and clinical applications., Comment: ICLR 2024 conference paper. Associated code: https://github.com/agosztolai/RVGP

Published
2023

116. Scaling up prime factorization with self-organizing gates: A memcomputing approach

Author

Sharp, Tristan, Khare, Rishabh, Pederson, Erick, and Traversa, Fabio Lorenzo

Subjects
Computer Science - Emerging Technologies, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
Abstract

We report preliminary results on using the MEMCPU\texttrademark{} Platform to compute the prime factorization of large biprimes. The first approach, the direct model, directly returns the factors of a given biprime. The second approach, the congruence model, returns smooth congruences to address the bottleneck of standard sieve methods. The models have size-dependent structure, and the MEMCPU Platform requires structure-dependent tuning for optimal performance. Therefore, for both models, we tuned the platform on sample problems up to a given size according to available resources. Then we generated RSA-like benchmark biprimes to perform rigorous scaling analysis. The MEMCPU timings over the tuned range followed low degree polynomials in the number of bits, markedly different than other tested methods including general number field sieve. MEMCPU's congruence model was the most promising, which was scaled up to 300-bit factorization problems while following a $2^{nd}$ degree polynomial fit. We also discuss the approach to tuning the MEMCPU Platform for problems beyond the reach of today's most advanced methods. Finally, basic analysis of the acceleration expected from an ASIC implementation is provided and suggests the possibility of real time factorization of large biprimes.

Published
2023

117. High-sensitivity transition-edge-sensed bolometers: improved speed and characterization with AC and DC bias

Author

Foote, Logan, Audley, Michael D., Charles, Bradford, de Lange, Gert, Echternach, Pierre, Fixsen, Dale J., Hui, Howard, Kenyon, Matthew, Nguyen, Hien, O'Brient, Roger, Sharp, Elmer H., Staguhn, Johannes G., van der Kuur, Jan, and Zmuidzinas, Jonas

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report on efforts to improve the speed of low-G far-infrared transition-edged-sensed bolometers. We use a fabrication process that does not require any dry etch steps to reduce heat capacity on the suspended device and measure a reduction in the detector time constant. However, we also measure an increase in the temperature-normalized thermal conductance (G), and a corresponding increase in the noise-equivalent power (NEP). We employ a new near-IR photon-noise technique using a near-IR laser to calibrate the frequency-domain multiplexed AC system and compare the results to a well-understood DC circuit. We measure an NEP white noise level of 0.8 aW/rtHz with a 1/f knee below 0.1 Hz and a time constant of 3.2 ms., Comment: 27 pages, 16 figures. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in J. Appl. Phys. 134 (9) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0157208

Published
2023
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118. Kinematics reconstruction in solenoidal spectrometers operated in active target mode

Author

Ayyad, Yassid, Anthony, Adam K., Bazin, Daniel, Chen, Jie, Mittig, Wolfgang, Kay, Ben P., Sharp, David K., and Zamora, Juan Carlos

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We discuss the reconstruction of low-energy nuclear reaction kinematics from charged-particle tracks in solenoidal spectrometers working in Active Target Time Projection Chamber mode. In this operation mode, reaction products are tracked within the active gas medium of the Active Target with a three dimensional space point cloud. We have inferred the reaction kinematics from the point cloud using an algorithm based on a linear quadratic estimator (Kalman filter). The performance of this algorithm has been evaluated using experimental data from nuclear reactions measured with the Active Target Time Projection Chamber (AT-TPC) detector.

Published
2023

119. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: Investigation of Continuum Lag Dependence on Broad-Line Contamination and Quasar Properties

Author

Sharp, Hugh W., Homayouni, Y., Trump, Jonathan R., Anderson, Scott F., Assef, Roberto J., Brandt, W. N., Davis, Megan C., Fries, Logan B., Grier, Catherine J., Hall, Patrick B., Horne, Keith, Koekemoer, Anton M., Martínez-Aldama, Mary Loli, Menezes, David M., Pena, Theodore, Ricci, C., Schneider, Donald P., Shen, Yue, and Trakhtenbrot, Benny

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

This work studies the relationship between accretion-disk size and quasar properties, using a sample of 95 quasars from the SDSS-RM project with measured lags between the $g$ and $i$ photometric bands. Our sample includes disk lags that are both longer and shorter than predicted by the \citet{SS73} model, requiring explanations which satisfy both cases. Although our quasars each have one lag measurement, we explore the wavelength-dependent effects of diffuse broad line region (BLR) contamination through our sample's broad redshift range, $0.1

Published
2023

120. A non-symmetric Kesten criterion and ratio limit theorem for random walks on amenable groups

Author

Dougall, Rhiannon and Sharp, Richard

Subjects
Mathematics - Group Theory, Mathematics - Probability, 60G50, 20F65
Abstract

We consider random walks on countable groups. A celebrated result of Kesten says that the spectral radius of a symmetric walk (whose support generates the group as a semigroup) is equal to one if and only if the group is amenable. We give an analogue of this result for finitely supported walks which are not symmetric. We also conclude a ratio limit theorem for amenable groups.

Published
2023

121. Attachment-Based Mentalization Profiles of Iranian Children: A Mixed-Method Approach.

Author

Zandpour, Masoumeh, Lind, Majse, Sharp, Carla, Hasani, Jafar, Bagheri Sheykhangafshe, Farzin, and Borelli, Jessica

Subjects
Iranian children, cross-cultural research, mentalizing profiles, qualitative analysis, reflective functioning
Abstract

Mentalization, operationalized as reflective functioning (RF), is the ability to understand ones own and anothers mental world implicitly or explicitly. RF is a newly discovered research field in Iran and is largely under-studied in Eastern cultures in general, underscoring the high need for cross-cultural studies in this field of research. A qualitative method was used to examine the ability to understand, process, and respond to high-arousal attachment situations in typical and clinical populations of Iranian children recruited from a Tehran primary school. A well-known semi-structured interview commonly used to assess RF in children was used to collect data. Required information on internalizing and externalizing symptoms, demographic information, and all formal diagnoses of children were collected by parents. The results indicated the identification of four different profiles of RF in children, one of which was adaptive, while the other three were maladaptive. Also, the results showed that typically developing children and those having a high social and economic status (SES) were characterized as having a more adaptive profile of RF, while children from the clinical population and those with a low SES reported a more maladaptive profile (passive mentalizing, helpless mentalizing, narcissistic mentalizing) of RF. The present study is an important step in increasing our understanding of the development of mentalization in children and has significant educational and clinical implications.

Published
2024

122. Characterizing pathways of seafood access in small island developing states.

Author

Seto, Katherine L, Friedman, Whitney R, Eurich, Jacob G, Gephart, Jessica A, Zamborain-Mason, Jessica, Sharp, Michael, Aram, Erietera, Tekaieti, Aritita, Tekiau, Aranteiti, and Golden, Christopher D

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, International and Comparative Law, Law and Legal Studies, Environmental Management, Zero Hunger, Humans, Fisheries, Seafood, Ethnicity, Food Supply, Health Status, Kiribati, access mechanisms, benefit, food systems, nutrition
Abstract

Ensuring healthy and sustainable food systems in increasing social, economic, and ecological change is a key global priority to protect human and environmental health. Seafood is an essential component of these food systems and a critical source of nutrients, especially in coastal communities. However, despite rapid transformations in aquatic food systems, and our urgent need to understand them, there is a dearth of data connecting harvested food production to actualized food consumption. Many analyses suggest institutional, legal, or technological innovations to improve food systems, but few have analyzed the pathways through which people already gain access to nutritious food. Here, using a random forest model and cluster analysis of a nationally representative data set from Kiribati, we operationalize access theory to trace the flows of consumptive benefit in a fisheries-based food system. We demonstrate that the market access mechanism is the key mechanism mediating seafood access in Kiribati, but importantly, the highest seafood consumption households showed lower market access, pointing to the importance of non-market acquisition (e.g., home production and gifting). We reveal six distinct household strategies that employ different sets of access mechanisms to ensure high levels of local seafood consumption in different contexts. We demonstrate the impacts of these strategies on the composition of household seafoods consumed, stressing the need to support these existing successful strategies. Finally, we point to key policy and management insights (e.g., improved infrastructure, shifts in species management) that may be more effective in reinforcing these existing pathways than commonly proposed food system interventions.

Published
2024

123. Microstrain and Crystal Orientation Variation within Naked Triple-Cation Mixed Halide Perovskites under Heat, UV, and Visible Light Exposure.

Author

Zou, Yuqin, Eichhorn, Johanna, Zhang, Jiyun, Apfelbeck, Fabian, Yin, Shanshan, Wolz, Lukas, Chen, Chun-Chao, Sharp, Ian, and Müller-Buschbaum, Peter

Abstract

The instability of perovskite absorbers under various environmental stressors is the most significant obstacle to widespread commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Herein, we study the evolution of crystal structure and microstrain present in naked triple-cation mixed CsMAFA-based perovskite films under heat, UV, and visible light (1 Sun) conditions by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). We find that the microstrain is gradient distributed along the surface normal of the films, decreasing from the upper surface to regions deeper within the film. Moreover, heat, UV, and visible light treatments do not interfere with the crystalline orientations within annealed polycrystalline films. However, when subjected to heat, the naked perovskite films exhibit a rapid component decomposition, induced by phase separation and ion migration. Conversely, under exposure to UV and 1 Sun light soaking, the naked perovskite films undergo a self-optimization structure evolution during degradation and develop into smoother films with reduced surface potential fluctuations.

Published
2024

124. Nanostructured Black Silicon as a Stable and Surface-Sensitive Platform for Time-Resolved In Situ Electrochemical Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy.

Author

Rauh, Felix, Dittloff, Johannes, Thun, Moritz, Stutzmann, Martin, and Sharp, Ian

Subjects
ATR, Au nanoparticles, SEIRAS, black Si, in situ IR spectroscopy, time-resolved IR spectroscopy
Abstract

Attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) is a powerful method for probing interfacial chemical processes. However, SEIRAS-active nanostructured metallic thin films for the in situ analysis of electrochemical phenomena are often unstable under biased aqueous conditions. In this work, we present a surface-enhancing structure based on etched black Si internal reflection elements with Au-coatings for in situ electrochemical ATR-SEIRAS. Using electrochemical potential-dependent adsorption and desorption of 4-methoxypyridine on Au, we demonstrate that black Si-based substrates offer advantages over commonly used structures, such as electroless-deposited Au on Si and electrodeposited Au on ITO-coated Si, due to the combination of high stability, sensitivity, and conductivity. These characteristics are especially valuable for time-resolved measurements where stable substrates are required over extended times. Furthermore, the low sheet resistance of Au layers on black Si reduces the RC time constant of the electrochemical cell, enabling a significantly higher time resolution compared to that of traditional substrates. Thus, we employ black Si-based substrates in conjunction with rapid- and step-scan Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the adsorption and desorption kinetics of 4-methoxypyridine during in situ electrochemical potential steps. Adsorption is shown to be diffusion-limited, which allows for the determination of the mean molecular area in a fully established monolayer. Moreover, no significant changes in the peak ratios of vibrational modes with different orientations relative to the molecular axis are observed, suggesting a single adsorption mode and no alteration of the average molecular orientation during the adsorption process. Overall, this study highlights the enhanced performance of black Si-based substrates for both steady-state and time-resolved in situ electrochemical ATR-SEIRAS, providing a powerful platform for kinetic and mechanistic investigations of electrochemical interfaces.

Published
2024

125. Maternal educational attainment in pregnancy and epigenome-wide DNA methylation changes in the offspring from birth until adolescence

Author

Choudhary, Priyanka, Monasso, Giulietta S, Karhunen, Ville, Ronkainen, Justiina, Mancano, Giulia, Howe, Caitlin G, Niu, Zhongzheng, Zeng, Xuehuo, Guan, Weihua, Dou, John, Feinberg, Jason I, Mordaunt, Charles, Pesce, Giancarlo, Baïz, Nour, Alfano, Rossella, Martens, Dries S, Wang, Congrong, Isaevska, Elena, Keikkala, Elina, Mustaniemi, Sanna, Thio, Chris HL, Fraszczyk, Eliza, Tobi, Elmar W, Starling, Anne P, Cosin-Tomas, Marta, Urquiza, Jose, Röder, Stefan, Hoang, Thanh T, Page, Christian, Jima, Dereje D, House, John S, Maguire, Rachel L, Ott, Raffael, Pawlow, Xenia, Sirignano, Lea, Zillich, Lea, Malmberg, Anni, Rauschert, Sebastian, Melton, Phillip, Gong, Tong, Karlsson, Robert, Fore, Ruby, Perng, Wei, Laubach, Zachary M, Czamara, Darina, Sharp, Gemma, Breton, Carrie V, Schisterman, Enrique, Yeung, Edwina, Mumford, Sunni L, Fallin, M Daniele, LaSalle, Janine M, Schmidt, Rebecca J, Bakulski, Kelly M, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Heude, Barbara, Nawrot, Tim S, Plusquin, Michelle, Ghantous, Akram, Herceg, Zdenko, Nisticò, Lorenza, Vafeiadi, Marina, Kogevinas, Manolis, Vääräsmäki, Marja, Kajantie, Eero, Snieder, Harold, Corpeleijn, Eva, Steegers-Theunissen, Regine PM, Yang, Ivana V, Dabelea, Dana, Fossati, Serena, Zenclussen, Ana C, Herberth, Gunda, Magnus, Maria, Håberg, Siri E, London, Stephanie J, Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng, Murphy, Susan K, Hoyo, Cathrine, Ziegler, Anette-G, Hummel, Sandra, Witt, Stephanie H, Streit, Fabian, Frank, Josef, Räikkönen, Katri, Lahti, Jari, Huang, Rae-chi, Almqvist, Catarina, Hivert, Marie-France, Jaddoe, Vincent WV, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Kantomaa, Marko, Felix, Janine F, and Sebert, Sylvain

Subjects
Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Nutrition, Women's Health, Maternal Health, Human Genome, Pediatric, Social Determinants of Health, Genetics, Pregnancy, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Generic health relevance, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, DNA Methylation, Female, Adolescent, Epigenome, Child, Educational Status, Male, Genome-Wide Association Study, Epigenesis, Genetic, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Child, Preschool, Infant, Mothers, Infant, Newborn, Adult, Academic Success, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

Maternal educational attainment (MEA) shapes offspring health through multiple potential pathways. Differential DNA methylation may provide a mechanistic understanding of these long-term associations. We aimed to quantify the associations of MEA with offspring DNA methylation levels at birth, in childhood and in adolescence. Using 37 studies from high-income countries, we performed meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) to quantify the associations of completed years of MEA at the time of pregnancy with offspring DNA methylation levels at birth (n = 9 881), in childhood (n = 2 017), and adolescence (n = 2 740), adjusting for relevant covariates. MEA was found to be associated with DNA methylation at 473 cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites at birth, one in childhood, and four in adolescence. We observed enrichment for findings from previous EWAS on maternal folate, vitamin-B12 concentrations, maternal smoking, and pre-pregnancy BMI. The associations were directionally consistent with MEA being inversely associated with behaviours including smoking and BMI. Our findings form a bridge between socio-economic factors and biology and highlight potential pathways underlying effects of maternal education. The results broaden our understanding of bio-social associations linked to differential DNA methylation in multiple early stages of life. The data generated also offers an important resource to help a more precise understanding of the social determinants of health.

Published
2024

126. A Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics Consortium (PACE) meta-analysis highlights potential relationships between birth order and neonatal blood DNA methylation

Author

Li, Shaobo, Spitz, Natalia, Ghantous, Akram, Abrishamcar, Sarina, Reimann, Brigitte, Marques, Irene, Silver, Matt J, Aguilar-Lacasaña, Sofía, Kitaba, Negusse, Rezwan, Faisal I, Röder, Stefan, Sirignano, Lea, Tuhkanen, Johanna, Mancano, Giulia, Sharp, Gemma C, Metayer, Catherine, Morimoto, Libby, Stein, Dan J, Zar, Heather J, Alfano, Rossella, Nawrot, Tim, Wang, Congrong, Kajantie, Eero, Keikkala, Elina, Mustaniemi, Sanna, Ronkainen, Justiina, Sebert, Sylvain, Silva, Wnurinham, Vääräsmäki, Marja, Jaddoe, Vincent WV, Bernstein, Robin M, Prentice, Andrew M, Cosin-Tomas, Marta, Dwyer, Terence, Håberg, Siri Eldevik, Herceg, Zdenko, Magnus, Maria C, Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng, Page, Christian M, Völker, Maja, Gilles, Maria, Send, Tabea, Witt, Stephanie, Zillich, Lea, Gagliardi, Luigi, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Czamara, Darina, Räikkönen, Katri, Chatzi, Lida, Vafeiadi, Marina, Arshad, S Hasan, Ewart, Susan, Plusquin, Michelle, Felix, Janine F, Moore, Sophie E, Vrijheid, Martine, Holloway, John W, Karmaus, Wilfried, Herberth, Gunda, Zenclussen, Ana, Streit, Fabian, Lahti, Jari, Hüls, Anke, Hoang, Thanh T, London, Stephanie J, and Wiemels, Joseph L

Subjects
Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Biological Sciences, Human Genome, Contraception/Reproduction, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Birth Order, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Epigenomics, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Higher birth order is associated with altered risk of many disease states. Changes in placentation and exposures to in utero growth factors with successive pregnancies may impact later life disease risk via persistent DNA methylation alterations. We investigated birth order with Illumina DNA methylation array data in each of 16 birth cohorts (8164 newborns) with European, African, and Latino ancestries from the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics Consortium. Meta-analyzed data demonstrated systematic DNA methylation variation in 341 CpGs (FDR adjusted P

Published
2024

128. Population-based screening cohort study reveals no association between monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), multiple myeloma (MM), and alopecia

Author

Sharma, Divija, Ungar, Benjamin, Adalsteinsson, Jonas A., Sigurdsson, Jon Kristinn, Sharp, Kelley, Thorsteinsdóttir, Sigrún, Rögnvaldsson, Saemundur, Þórðardóttir, Ásdís R, Viðarsson, Brynjar, Önundarson, Páll T, Agnarssond, Bjarni A, Sigurðardóttird, Margrét, Þorsteinsdóttir, Ingunn, Ólafsson, Ísleifur, Eyþórsson, Elías, Jónsson, Ásbjörn, Ólafsson, Andri, Gíslason, Gauti Kjartan, Landgren, Ola, Hulcrantz, Malin, Durie, Brian GM, Harding, Stephen, Love, Thorvardur Jon, and Kristinsson, Sigurdur Yngvi

Published
2024
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129. Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis (ANGSA): an Apollo Participating Scientist Program to Prepare the Lunar Sample Community for Artemis

Author

Shearer, C. K., McCubbin, F. M., Eckley, S., Simon, S. B., Meshik, A., McDonald, F., Schmitt, H. H., Zeigler, R. A., Gross, J., Mitchell, J., Krysher, C., Morris, R. V., Parai, R., Jolliff, B. L., Gillis-Davis, J. J., Joy, K. H., Bell, S. K., Lucey, P. G., Sun, L., Sharp, Z. D., Dukes, C., Sehlke, A., Mosie, A., Allton, J., Amick, C., Simon, J. I., Erickson, T. M., Barnes, J. J., Dyar, M. D., Burgess, K., Petro, N., Moriarty, D., Curran, N. M., Elsila, J. E., Colina-Ruiz, R. A., Kroll, T., Sokaras, D., Ishii, H. A., Bradley, J. P., Sears, D., Cohen, B., Pravdivseva, O., Thompson, M. S., Neal, C. R., Hana, R., Ketcham, R., and Welten, K.

Published
2024
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130. A meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies on pregnancy vitamin B12 concentrations and offspring DNA methylation

Author

Monasso, Giulietta S, Hoang, Thanh T, Mancano, Giulia, Fernández-Barrés, Sílvia, Dou, John, Jaddoe, Vincent WV, Page, Christian M, Johnson, Laura, Bustamante, Mariona, Bakulski, Kelly M, Håberg, Siri E, Ueland, Per M, Battram, Thomas, Merid, Simon K, Melén, Erik, Caramaschi, Doretta, Küpers, Leanne K, Sunyer, Jordi, Nystad, Wenche, Heil, Sandra G, Schmidt, Rebecca J, Vrijheid, Martine, Sharp, Gemma C, London, Stephanie J, and Felix, Janine F

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Pediatric, Prevention, Nutrition, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Child, Female, Humans, DNA Methylation, Epigenome, Birth Weight, Vitamin B 12, Epigenesis, Genetic, Fetal Blood, Vitamin B12, DNA methylation, epidemiology, cohort study, meta-analysis, PACE consortium, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Developmental Biology, Biochemistry and cell biology
Abstract

Circulating vitamin B12 concentrations during pregnancy are associated with offspring health. Foetal DNA methylation changes could underlie these associations. Within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics Consortium, we meta-analysed epigenome-wide associations of circulating vitamin B12 concentrations in mothers during pregnancy (n = 2,420) or cord blood (n = 1,029), with cord blood DNA methylation. Maternal and newborn vitamin B12 concentrations were associated with DNA methylation at 109 and 7 CpGs, respectively (False Discovery Rate P-value

Published
2023

131. Trajectory of Non-suicidal Self-Injury among adolescents with borderline personality disorder over a 5-year period

Author

Mie Sedoc Jørgensen, Carla Sharp, Sune Bo, Bo Møhl, Mickey T. Kongerslev, Lise Møller, Martin Vestergaard, Ole Jakob Storebø, Stig Poulsen, Emma Beck, and Erik Simonsen

Subjects
Non-suicidal Self-Injury, Self-harm, Adolescents, Borderline personality disorder, Follow-up, Longitudinal, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Abstract Background Engagement in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is high among adolescents with borderline personality disorder (BPD), but the trajectory of NSSI in the transition period from adolescence to adulthood is unclear, and studies that look at predictors of persistence are highly needed. Methods This study followed 111 adolescents aged 14–17 with BPD over a five-year period to observe the prevalence and predictors of NSSI. Information on NSSI was based on both self-report and clinician-administered interviews. Results At the outset, 92.8% reported a history of NSSI, with an average of nearly five different types of NSSI. Despite this high initial prevalence, the rates of NSSI within the past two weeks decreased over time from 48% at baseline to 26% after one year, and further to 10% after two years. After five years, 37% reported engaging in NSSI within the past six months. Notably, all but one participant who reported NSSI after five years had engaged in NSSI already at baseline. The study identified that higher adolescent-rated but lower parent-rated BPD severity was associated with engagement in NSSI at baseline. Furthermore, ongoing NSSI after five years was predicted by lower parent-rated BPD severity and externalizing behaviors. Conclusions NSSI is frequent in the early course of BPD, and persists in more than one-third after five years. Our findings highlight that baseline engagement in NSSI is a risk factor for persistence of NSSI in the transition period into early adulthood. Furthermore, the findings underscore the significance of integrating both adolescent and parent perspectives on BPD pathology in the assessment and management of NSSI.

Published
2024
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132. Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on outpatient psychiatric population well-being and symptomology utilizing COVID-19 Events Checklist (CEC) and Measurement Based Care

Author

Sydney B. Jones, Hayoung Ko, Alyssa J. Gatto, Anita S. Kablinger, Hunter D. Sharp, Lee D. Cooper, Martha M. Tenzer, Virginia C. O’Brien, and Robert S. McNamara

Subjects
COVID-19, Pandemic, Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs), Coping, Mental health, Psychiatry, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background This study examines the impact of SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., coronavirus, COVID, COVID-19) using data from a measurement-based care (MBC) system utilized in an outpatient psychiatric clinic providing telemedicine care. A novel Patient Rated Outcome Measure (PROM), the COVID-19 Events Checklist (CEC) was administered in a hospital system based ambulatory clinic beginning April 2020 to track COVID-19-19’s impact on patients’ mental, emotional, and health-related behaviors during the pandemic. The study (1) provides descriptive CEC data, and (2) compares CEC results with PROMs evaluating anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9), and psychological distress (Brief Adjustment Scale-6; BASE-6). Methods This retrospective observational study included patient intake data collected from April 2020 to March 2021. Patient (N = 842) reports on the CEC’s five domain questions were aggregated to calculate average reports of COVID-19 related impacts at intake over the initial 12 months of the pandemic. Trends in COVID-19 related impacts were examined, and non-aggregated scores on the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and BASE-6 were compared to primary dichotomous (yes/no) CEC survey questions via Wilcoxon rand sum testing. Results Results capture the relationship between COVID-19 exposure, COVID-19- related sequelae and behaviors, and psychological symptom severity. Specifically, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests indicate that social determinants of health (SDOH), negative mental health impacts, and positive coping skill use were significantly associated with psychological symptomatology including overall psychological functioning via the BASE-6, anxiety via the GAD-7, and depressive symptoms via the PHQ-9. Results regarding SDOH were as follows: BASE-6 (w = 44,005, p

Published
2024
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133. Search for new phenomena in monophoton final states in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV

Author

V. Khachatryan, A.M. Sirunyan, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, T. Bergauer, M. Dragicevic, J. Erö, M. Friedl, R. Frühwirth, V.M. Ghete, C. Hartl, N. Hörmann, J. Hrubec, M. Jeitler, W. Kiesenhofer, V. Knünz, M. Krammer, I. Krätschmer, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, D. Rabady, B. Rahbaran, H. Rohringer, R. Schöfbeck, J. Strauss, W. Treberer-Treberspurg, W. Waltenberger, C.-E. Wulz, V. Mossolov, N. Shumeiko, J. Suarez Gonzalez, S. Alderweireldt, M. Bansal, S. Bansal, T. Cornelis, E.A. De Wolf, X. Janssen, A. Knutsson, J. Lauwers, S. Luyckx, S. Ochesanu, R. Rougny, M. Van De Klundert, H. Van Haevermaet, P. Van Mechelen, N. Van Remortel, A. Van Spilbeeck, F. Blekman, S. Blyweert, J. D'Hondt, N. Daci, N. Heracleous, J. Keaveney, S. Lowette, M. Maes, A. Olbrechts, Q. Python, D. Strom, S. Tavernier, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders, G.P. Van Onsem, I. Villella, C. Caillol, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, D. Dobur, L. Favart, A.P.R. Gay, A. Grebenyuk, A. Léonard, A. Mohammadi, L. Perniè, T. Reis, T. Seva, L. Thomas, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, J. Wang, F. Zenoni, V. Adler, K. Beernaert, L. Benucci, A. Cimmino, S. Costantini, S. Crucy, S. Dildick, A. Fagot, G. Garcia, J. Mccartin, A.A. Ocampo Rios, D. Ryckbosch, S. Salva Diblen, M. Sigamani, N. Strobbe, F. Thyssen, M. Tytgat, E. Yazgan, N. Zaganidis, S. Basegmez, C. Beluffi, G. Bruno, R. Castello, A. Caudron, L. Ceard, G.G. Da Silveira, C. Delaere, T. du Pree, D. Favart, L. Forthomme, A. Giammanco, J. Hollar, A. Jafari, P. Jez, M. Komm, V. Lemaitre, C. Nuttens, D. Pagano, L. Perrini, A. Pin, K. Piotrzkowski, A. Popov, L. Quertenmont, M. Selvaggi, M. Vidal Marono, J.M. Vizan Garcia, N. Beliy, T. Caebergs, E. Daubie, G.H. Hammad, W.L. Aldá Júnior, G.A. Alves, L. Brito, M. Correa Martins Junior, T. Dos Reis Martins, C. Mora Herrera, M.E. Pol, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato, A. Custódio, E.M. Da Costa, D. De Jesus Damiao, C. De Oliveira Martins, S. Fonseca De Souza, H. Malbouisson, D. Matos Figueiredo, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, W.L. Prado Da Silva, J. Santaolalla, A. Santoro, A. Sznajder, E.J. Tonelli Manganote, A. Vilela Pereira, C.A. Bernardes, S. Dogra, T.R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E.M. Gregores, P.G. Mercadante, S.F. Novaes, Sandra S. Padula, A. Aleksandrov, V. Genchev, P. Iaydjiev, A. Marinov, S. Piperov, M. Rodozov, G. Sultanov, M. Vutova, A. Dimitrov, I. Glushkov, R. Hadjiiska, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, J.G. Bian, G.M. Chen, H.S. Chen, M. Chen, T. Cheng, R. Du, C.H. Jiang, R. Plestina, F. Romeo, J. Tao, Z. Wang, C. Asawatangtrakuldee, Y. Ban, Q. Li, S. Liu, Y. Mao, S.J. Qian, D. Wang, W. Zou, C. Avila, L.F. Chaparro Sierra, C. Florez, J.P. Gomez, B. Gomez Moreno, J.C. Sanabria, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, D. Polic, I. Puljak, Z. Antunovic, M. Kovac, V. Brigljevic, K. Kadija, J. Luetic, D. Mekterovic, L. Sudic, A. Attikis, G. Mavromanolakis, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos, P.A. Razis, M. Bodlak, M. Finger, M. Finger, Jr., Y. Assran, S. Elgammal, M.A. Mahmoud, A. Radi, M. Kadastik, M. Murumaa, M. Raidal, A. Tiko, P. Eerola, G. Fedi, M. Voutilainen, J. Härkönen, V. Karimäki, R. Kinnunen, M.J. Kortelainen, T. Lampén, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Lehti, T. Lindén, P. Luukka, T. Mäenpää, T. Peltola, E. Tuominen, J. Tuominiemi, E. Tuovinen, L. Wendland, J. Talvitie, T. Tuuva, M. Besancon, F. Couderc, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, B. Fabbro, J.L. Faure, C. Favaro, F. Ferri, S. Ganjour, A. Givernaud, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, P. Jarry, E. Locci, J. Malcles, J. Neveu, J. Rander, A. Rosowsky, M. Titov, S. Baffioni, F. Beaudette, P. Busson, C. Charlot, T. Dahms, M. Dalchenko, L. Dobrzynski, N. Filipovic, A. Florent, R. Granier de Cassagnac, L. Mastrolorenzo, P. Miné, C. Mironov, I.N. Naranjo, M. Nguyen, C. Ochando, P. Paganini, S. Regnard, R. Salerno, J.B. Sauvan, Y. Sirois, C. Veelken, Y. Yilmaz, A. Zabi, J.-L. Agram, J. Andrea, A. Aubin, D. Bloch, J.-M. Brom, E.C. Chabert, C. Collard, E. Conte, J.-C. Fontaine, D. Gelé, U. Goerlach, C. Goetzmann, A.-C. Le Bihan, P. Van Hove, S. Gadrat, S. Beauceron, N. Beaupere, G. Boudoul, E. Bouvier, S. Brochet, C.A. Carrillo Montoya, J. Chasserat, R. Chierici, D. Contardo, P. Depasse, H. El Mamouni, J. Fan, J. Fay, S. Gascon, M. Gouzevitch, B. Ille, T. Kurca, M. Lethuillier, L. Mirabito, S. Perries, J.D. Ruiz Alvarez, D. Sabes, L. Sgandurra, V. Sordini, M. Vander Donckt, P. Verdier, S. Viret, H. Xiao, L. Rurua, C. Autermann, S. Beranek, M. Bontenackels, M. Edelhoff, L. Feld, A. Heister, O. Hindrichs, K. Klein, A. Ostapchuk, F. Raupach, J. Sammet, S. Schael, H. Weber, B. Wittmer, V. Zhukov, M. Ata, M. Brodski, E. Dietz-Laursonn, D. Duchardt, M. Erdmann, R. Fischer, A. Güth, T. Hebbeker, C. Heidemann, K. Hoepfner, D. Klingebiel, S. Knutzen, P. Kreuzer, M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, P. Millet, M. Olschewski, K. Padeken, P. Papacz, H. Reithler, S.A. Schmitz, L. Sonnenschein, D. Teyssier, S. Thüer, M. Weber, V. Cherepanov, Y. Erdogan, G. Flügge, H. Geenen, M. Geisler, W. Haj Ahmad, F. Hoehle, B. Kargoll, T. Kress, Y. Kuessel, A. Künsken, J. Lingemann, A. Nowack, I.M. Nugent, L. Perchalla, O. Pooth, A. Stahl, I. Asin, N. Bartosik, J. Behr, W. Behrenhoff, U. Behrens, A.J. Bell, M. Bergholz, A. Bethani, K. Borras, A. Burgmeier, A. Cakir, L. Calligaris, A. Campbell, S. Choudhury, F. Costanza, C. Diez Pardos, G. Dolinska, S. Dooling, T. Dorland, G. Eckerlin, D. Eckstein, T. Eichhorn, G. Flucke, J. Garay Garcia, A. Geiser, P. Gunnellini, J. Hauk, M. Hempel, D. Horton, H. Jung, A. Kalogeropoulos, M. Kasemann, P. Katsas, J. Kieseler, C. Kleinwort, I. Korol, D. Krücker, W. Lange, J. Leonard, K. Lipka, A. Lobanov, W. Lohmann, B. Lutz, R. Mankel, I. Marfin, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann, A.B. Meyer, G. Mittag, J. Mnich, A. Mussgiller, S. Naumann-Emme, A. Nayak, O. Novgorodova, E. Ntomari, H. Perrey, D. Pitzl, R. Placakyte, A. Raspereza, P.M. Ribeiro Cipriano, B. Roland, E. Ron, M.Ö. Sahin, J. Salfeld-Nebgen, P. Saxena, R. Schmidt, T. Schoerner-Sadenius, M. Schröder, C. Seitz, S. Spannagel, A.D.R. Vargas Trevino, R. Walsh, C. Wissing, M. Aldaya Martin, V. Blobel, M. Centis Vignali, A.R. Draeger, J. Erfle, E. Garutti, K. Goebel, M. Görner, J. Haller, M. Hoffmann, R.S. Höing, H. Kirschenmann, R. Klanner, R. Kogler, J. Lange, T. Lapsien, T. Lenz, I. Marchesini, J. Ott, T. Peiffer, A. Perieanu, N. Pietsch, J. Poehlsen, T. Poehlsen, D. Rathjens, C. Sander, H. Schettler, P. Schleper, E. Schlieckau, A. Schmidt, M. Seidel, V. Sola, H. Stadie, G. Steinbrück, D. Troendle, E. Usai, L. Vanelderen, A. Vanhoefer, C. Barth, C. Baus, J. Berger, C. Böser, E. Butz, T. Chwalek, W. De Boer, A. Descroix, A. Dierlamm, M. Feindt, F. Frensch, M. Giffels, A. Gilbert, F. Hartmann, T. Hauth, U. Husemann, I. Katkov, A. Kornmayer, E. Kuznetsova, P. Lobelle Pardo, M.U. Mozer, Th. Müller, A. Nürnberg, G. Quast, K. Rabbertz, S. Röcker, H.J. Simonis, F.M. Stober, R. Ulrich, J. Wagner-Kuhr, S. Wayand, T. Weiler, R. Wolf, G. Anagnostou, G. Daskalakis, T. Geralis, V.A. Giakoumopoulou, A. Kyriakis, D. Loukas, A. Markou, C. Markou, A. Psallidas, I. Topsis-Giotis, A. Agapitos, S. Kesisoglou, A. Panagiotou, N. Saoulidou, E. Stiliaris, X. Aslanoglou, I. Evangelou, G. Flouris, C. Foudas, P. Kokkas, N. Manthos, I. Papadopoulos, E. Paradas, J. Strologas, G. Bencze, C. Hajdu, P. Hidas, D. Horvath, F. Sikler, V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi, A.J. Zsigmond, N. Beni, S. Czellar, J. Karancsi, J. Molnar, J. Palinkas, Z. Szillasi, A. Makovec, P. Raics, Z.L. Trocsanyi, B. Ujvari, S.K. Swain, S.B. Beri, V. Bhatnagar, R. Gupta, U. Bhawandeep, A.K. Kalsi, M. Kaur, R. Kumar, M. Mittal, N. Nishu, J.B. Singh, Ashok Kumar, Arun Kumar, S. Ahuja, A. Bhardwaj, B.C. Choudhary, A. Kumar, S. Malhotra, M. Naimuddin, K. Ranjan, V. Sharma, S. Banerjee, S. Bhattacharya, K. Chatterjee, S. Dutta, B. Gomber, Sa. Jain, Sh. Jain, R. Khurana, A. Modak, S. Mukherjee, D. Roy, S. Sarkar, M. Sharan, A. Abdulsalam, D. Dutta, S. Kailas, V. Kumar, A.K. Mohanty, L.M. Pant, P. Shukla, A. Topkar, T. Aziz, S. Bhowmik, R.M. Chatterjee, R.K. Dewanjee, S. Dugad, S. Ganguly, S. Ghosh, M. Guchait, A. Gurtu, G. Kole, S. Kumar, M. Maity, G. Majumder, K. Mazumdar, G.B. Mohanty, B. Parida, K. Sudhakar, N. Wickramage, H. Bakhshiansohi, H. Behnamian, S.M. Etesami, A. Fahim, R. Goldouzian, M. Khakzad, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, M. Naseri, S. Paktinat Mehdiabadi, F. Rezaei Hosseinabadi, B. Safarzadeh, M. Zeinali, M. Felcini, M. Grunewald, M. Abbrescia, C. Calabria, S.S. Chhibra, A. Colaleo, D. Creanza, N. De Filippis, M. De Palma, L. Fiore, G. Iaselli, G. Maggi, M. Maggi, S. My, S. Nuzzo, A. Pompili, G. Pugliese, R. Radogna, G. Selvaggi, A. Sharma, L. Silvestris, R. Venditti, G. Abbiendi, A.C. Benvenuti, D. Bonacorsi, S. Braibant-Giacomelli, L. Brigliadori, R. Campanini, P. Capiluppi, A. Castro, F.R. Cavallo, G. Codispoti, M. Cuffiani, G.M. Dallavalle, F. Fabbri, A. Fanfani, D. Fasanella, P. Giacomelli, C. Grandi, L. Guiducci, S. Marcellini, G. Masetti, A. Montanari, F.L. Navarria, A. Perrotta, F. Primavera, A.M. Rossi, T. Rovelli, G.P. Siroli, N. Tosi, R. Travaglini, S. Albergo, G. Cappello, M. Chiorboli, S. Costa, F. Giordano, R. Potenza, A. Tricomi, C. Tuve, G. Barbagli, V. Ciulli, C. Civinini, R. D'Alessandro, E. Focardi, E. Gallo, S. Gonzi, V. Gori, P. Lenzi, M. Meschini, S. Paoletti, G. Sguazzoni, A. Tropiano, L. Benussi, S. Bianco, D. Piccolo, R. Ferretti, F. Ferro, M. Lo Vetere, E. Robutti, S. Tosi, M.E. Dinardo, S. Fiorendi, S. Gennai, R. Gerosa, A. Ghezzi, P. Govoni, M.T. Lucchini, S. Malvezzi, R.A. Manzoni, A. Martelli, B. Marzocchi, D. Menasce, L. Moroni, M. Paganoni, D. Pedrini, S. Ragazzi, N. Redaelli, T. Tabarelli de Fatis, S. Buontempo, N. Cavallo, S. Di Guida, F. Fabozzi, A.O.M. Iorio, L. Lista, S. Meola, M. Merola, P. Paolucci, P. Azzi, N. Bacchetta, D. Bisello, A. Branca, R. Carlin, P. Checchia, M. Dall'Osso, T. Dorigo, M. Galanti, U. Gasparini, P. Giubilato, A. Gozzelino, K. Kanishchev, S. Lacaprara, M. Margoni, A.T. Meneguzzo, J. Pazzini, N. Pozzobon, P. Ronchese, F. Simonetto, E. Torassa, M. Tosi, S. Vanini, S. Ventura, P. Zotto, A. Zucchetta, G. Zumerle, M. Gabusi, S.P. Ratti, V. Re, C. Riccardi, P. Salvini, P. Vitulo, M. Biasini, G.M. Bilei, D. Ciangottini, L. Fanò, P. Lariccia, G. Mantovani, M. Menichelli, A. Saha, A. Santocchia, A. Spiezia, K. Androsov, P. Azzurri, G. Bagliesi, J. Bernardini, T. Boccali, G. Broccolo, R. Castaldi, M.A. Ciocci, R. Dell'Orso, S. Donato, F. Fiori, L. Foà, A. Giassi, M.T. Grippo, F. Ligabue, T. Lomtadze, L. Martini, A. Messineo, C.S. Moon, F. Palla, A. Rizzi, A. Savoy-Navarro, A.T. Serban, P. Spagnolo, P. Squillacioti, R. Tenchini, G. Tonelli, A. Venturi, P.G. Verdini, C. Vernieri, L. Barone, F. Cavallari, G. D'imperio, D. Del Re, M. Diemoz, C. Jorda, E. Longo, F. Margaroli, P. Meridiani, F. Micheli, S. Nourbakhsh, G. Organtini, R. Paramatti, S. Rahatlou, C. Rovelli, F. Santanastasio, L. Soffi, P. Traczyk, N. Amapane, R. Arcidiacono, S. Argiro, M. Arneodo, R. Bellan, C. Biino, N. Cartiglia, S. Casasso, M. Costa, A. Degano, N. Demaria, L. Finco, C. Mariotti, S. Maselli, E. Migliore, V. Monaco, M. Musich, M.M. Obertino, G. Ortona, L. Pacher, N. Pastrone, M. Pelliccioni, G.L. Pinna Angioni, A. Potenza, A. Romero, M. Ruspa, R. Sacchi, A. Solano, A. Staiano, U. Tamponi, S. Belforte, V. Candelise, M. Casarsa, F. Cossutti, G. Della Ricca, B. Gobbo, C. La Licata, M. Marone, A. Schizzi, T. Umer, A. Zanetti, S. Chang, A. Kropivnitskaya, S.K. Nam, D.H. Kim, G.N. Kim, M.S. Kim, D.J. Kong, S. Lee, Y.D. Oh, H. Park, A. Sakharov, D.C. Son, T.J. Kim, J.Y. Kim, S. Song, S. Choi, D. Gyun, B. Hong, M. Jo, H. Kim, Y. Kim, B. Lee, K.S. Lee, S.K. Park, Y. Roh, M. Choi, J.H. Kim, I.C. Park, G. Ryu, M.S. Ryu, Y. Choi, Y.K. Choi, J. Goh, D. Kim, E. Kwon, J. Lee, H. Seo, I. Yu, A. Juodagalvis, J.R. Komaragiri, M.A.B. Md Ali, E. Casimiro Linares, H. Castilla-Valdez, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, I. Heredia-de La Cruz, A. Hernandez-Almada, R. Lopez-Fernandez, A. Sanchez-Hernandez, S. Carrillo Moreno, F. Vazquez Valencia, I. Pedraza, H.A. Salazar Ibarguen, A. Morelos Pineda, D. Krofcheck, P.H. Butler, S. Reucroft, A. Ahmad, M. Ahmad, Q. Hassan, H.R. Hoorani, W.A. Khan, T. Khurshid, M. Shoaib, H. Bialkowska, M. Bluj, B. Boimska, T. Frueboes, M. Górski, M. Kazana, K. Nawrocki, K. Romanowska-Rybinska, M. Szleper, P. Zalewski, G. Brona, K. Bunkowski, M. Cwiok, W. Dominik, K. Doroba, A. Kalinowski, M. Konecki, J. Krolikowski, M. Misiura, M. Olszewski, W. Wolszczak, P. Bargassa, C. Beirão Da Cruz E Silva, P. Faccioli, P.G. Ferreira Parracho, M. Gallinaro, L. Lloret Iglesias, F. Nguyen, J. Rodrigues Antunes, J. Seixas, J. Varela, P. Vischia, S. Afanasiev, P. Bunin, I. Golutvin, V. Karjavin, V. Konoplyanikov, G. Kozlov, A. Lanev, A. Malakhov, V. Matveev, P. Moisenz, V. Palichik, V. Perelygin, M. Savina, S. Shmatov, S. Shulha, N. Skatchkov, V. Smirnov, A. Zarubin, V. Golovtsov, Y. Ivanov, V. Kim, P. Levchenko, V. Murzin, V. Oreshkin, I. Smirnov, V. Sulimov, L. Uvarov, S. Vavilov, A. Vorobyev, An. Vorobyev, Yu. Andreev, A. Dermenev, S. Gninenko, N. Golubev, M. Kirsanov, N. Krasnikov, A. Pashenkov, D. Tlisov, A. Toropin, V. Epshteyn, V. Gavrilov, N. Lychkovskaya, V. Popov, I. Pozdnyakov, G. Safronov, S. Semenov, A. Spiridonov, V. Stolin, E. Vlasov, A. Zhokin, V. Andreev, M. Azarkin, I. Dremin, M. Kirakosyan, A. Leonidov, G. Mesyats, S.V. Rusakov, A. Vinogradov, A. Belyaev, E. Boos, V. Bunichev, M. Dubinin, L. Dudko, A. Ershov, A. Gribushin, V. Klyukhin, O. Kodolova, I. Lokhtin, S. Obraztsov, V. Savrin, A. Snigirev, I. Azhgirey, I. Bayshev, S. Bitioukov, V. Kachanov, A. Kalinin, D. Konstantinov, V. Krychkine, V. Petrov, R. Ryutin, A. Sobol, L. Tourtchanovitch, S. Troshin, N. Tyurin, A. Uzunian, A. Volkov, P. Adzic, M. Ekmedzic, J. Milosevic, V. Rekovic, J. Alcaraz Maestre, C. Battilana, E. Calvo, M. Cerrada, M. Chamizo Llatas, N. Colino, B. De La Cruz, A. Delgado Peris, D. Domínguez Vázquez, A. Escalante Del Valle, C. Fernandez Bedoya, J.P. Fernández Ramos, J. Flix, M.C. Fouz, P. Garcia-Abia, O. Gonzalez Lopez, S. Goy Lopez, J.M. 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Lipton, T. Liu, J. Lykken, K. Maeshima, J.M. Marraffino, V.I. Martinez Outschoorn, S. Maruyama, D. Mason, P. McBride, P. Merkel, K. Mishra, S. Mrenna, Y. Musienko, S. Nahn, C. Newman-Holmes, V. O'Dell, O. Prokofyev, E. Sexton-Kennedy, S. Sharma, A. Soha, W.J. Spalding, L. Spiegel, L. Taylor, S. Tkaczyk, N.V. Tran, L. Uplegger, E.W. Vaandering, R. Vidal, A. Whitbeck, J. Whitmore, F. Yang, D. Acosta, P. Avery, P. Bortignon, D. Bourilkov, M. Carver, D. Curry, S. Das, M. De Gruttola, G.P. Di Giovanni, R.D. Field, M. Fisher, I.K. Furic, J. Hugon, J. Konigsberg, A. Korytov, T. Kypreos, J.F. Low, K. Matchev, P. Milenovic, G. Mitselmakher, L. Muniz, A. Rinkevicius, L. Shchutska, M. Snowball, D. Sperka, J. Yelton, M. Zakaria, S. Hewamanage, S. Linn, P. Markowitz, G. Martinez, J.L. Rodriguez, T. Adams, A. Askew, J. Bochenek, B. Diamond, J. Haas, S. Hagopian, V. Hagopian, K.F. Johnson, H. Prosper, V. Veeraraghavan, M. Weinberg, M.M. Baarmand, M. Hohlmann, H. Kalakhety, F. Yumiceva, M.R. Adams, L. Apanasevich, V.E. Bazterra, D. Berry, R.R. Betts, I. Bucinskaite, R. Cavanaugh, O. Evdokimov, L. Gauthier, C.E. Gerber, D.J. Hofman, S. Khalatyan, P. Kurt, D.H. Moon, C. O'Brien, C. Silkworth, P. Turner, N. Varelas, B. Bilki, W. Clarida, K. Dilsiz, F. Duru, M. Haytmyradov, J.-P. Merlo, H. Mermerkaya, A. Mestvirishvili, A. Moeller, J. Nachtman, H. Ogul, Y. Onel, F. Ozok, A. Penzo, R. Rahmat, S. Sen, P. Tan, E. Tiras, J. Wetzel, K. Yi, B.A. Barnett, B. Blumenfeld, S. Bolognesi, D. Fehling, A.V. Gritsan, P. Maksimovic, C. Martin, M. Swartz, P. Baringer, A. Bean, G. Benelli, C. Bruner, R.P. Kenny III, M. Malek, M. Murray, D. Noonan, S. Sanders, J. Sekaric, R. Stringer, Q. Wang, J.S. Wood, I. Chakaberia, A. Ivanov, S. Khalil, M. Makouski, Y. Maravin, L.K. Saini, S. Shrestha, N. Skhirtladze, I. Svintradze, J. Gronberg, D. Lange, F. Rebassoo, D. Wright, A. Baden, A. Belloni, B. Calvert, S.C. Eno, J.A. Gomez, N.J. Hadley, R.G. Kellogg, T. Kolberg, Y. Lu, M. Marionneau, A.C. Mignerey, K. Pedro, A. Skuja, M.B. Tonjes, S.C. Tonwar, A. Apyan, R. Barbieri, G. Bauer, W. Busza, I.A. Cali, M. Chan, L. Di Matteo, G. Gomez Ceballos, M. Goncharov, D. Gulhan, M. Klute, Y.S. Lai, Y.-J. Lee, A. Levin, P.D. Luckey, T. Ma, C. Paus, D. Ralph, C. Roland, G. Roland, G.S.F. Stephans, F. Stöckli, K. Sumorok, D. Velicanu, J. Veverka, B. Wyslouch, M. Yang, M. Zanetti, V. Zhukova, B. Dahmes, A. Gude, S.C. Kao, K. Klapoetke, Y. Kubota, J. Mans, N. Pastika, R. Rusack, A. Singovsky, N. Tambe, J. Turkewitz, J.G. Acosta, S. Oliveros, E. Avdeeva, K. Bloom, S. Bose, D.R. Claes, A. Dominguez, R. Gonzalez Suarez, J. Keller, D. Knowlton, I. Kravchenko, J. Lazo-Flores, F. Meier, F. Ratnikov, G.R. Snow, M. Zvada, J. Dolen, A. Godshalk, I. Iashvili, A. Kharchilava, S. Rappoccio, G. Alverson, E. Barberis, D. Baumgartel, M. Chasco, J. Haley, A. Massironi, D.M. Morse, D. Nash, T. Orimoto, D. Trocino, R.-J. Wang, D. Wood, J. Zhang, K.A. Hahn, A. Kubik, N. Mucia, N. Odell, B. Pollack, A. 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Zablocki, Y. Zheng, N. Parashar, J. Stupak, A. Adair, B. Akgun, K.M. Ecklund, F.J.M. Geurts, W. Li, B. Michlin, B.P. Padley, R. Redjimi, J. Roberts, J. Zabel, B. Betchart, A. Bodek, R. Covarelli, P. de Barbaro, R. Demina, Y. Eshaq, T. Ferbel, A. Garcia-Bellido, P. Goldenzweig, J. Han, A. Harel, A. Khukhunaishvili, S. Korjenevski, G. Petrillo, D. Vishnevskiy, R. Ciesielski, L. Demortier, K. Goulianos, G. Lungu, C. Mesropian, S. Arora, A. Barker, J.P. Chou, C. Contreras-Campana, E. Contreras-Campana, D. Duggan, D. Ferencek, Y. Gershtein, R. Gray, E. Halkiadakis, D. Hidas, S. Kaplan, A. Lath, S. Panwalkar, M. Park, R. Patel, S. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, R. Stone, S. Thomas, P. Thomassen, M. Walker, K. Rose, S. Spanier, A. York, O. Bouhali, A. Castaneda Hernandez, R. Eusebi, W. Flanagan, J. Gilmore, T. Kamon, V. Khotilovich, V. Krutelyov, R. Montalvo, I. Osipenkov, Y. Pakhotin, A. Perloff, J. Roe, A. Safonov, I. Suarez, A. Tatarinov, N. Akchurin, C. Cowden, J. Damgov, C. Dragoiu, P.R. Dudero, J. Faulkner, K. Kovitanggoon, S. Kunori, S.W. Lee, T. Libeiro, I. Volobouev, E. Appelt, A.G. Delannoy, S. Greene, A. Gurrola, W. Johns, C. Maguire, A. Melo, M. Sharma, P. Sheldon, B. Snook, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska, M.W. Arenton, S. Boutle, B. Cox, B. Francis, J. Goodell, R. Hirosky, A. Ledovskoy, H. Li, C. Lin, C. Neu, J. Wood, C. Clarke, R. Harr, P.E. Karchin, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, P. Lamichhane, J. Sturdy, D.A. Belknap, D. Carlsmith, M. Cepeda, S. Dasu, L. Dodd, S. Duric, E. Friis, R. Hall-Wilton, M. Herndon, A. Hervé, P. Klabbers, A. Lanaro, C. Lazaridis, A. Levine, R. Loveless, A. Mohapatra, I. Ojalvo, T. Perry, G.A. Pierro, G. Polese, I. Ross, T. Sarangi, A. Savin, W.H. Smith, D. Taylor, P. Verwilligen, C. Vuosalo, and N. Woods

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Results are presented from a search for new physics in final states containing a photon and missing transverse momentum. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb−1 collected in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC. No deviation from the standard model predictions is observed for these final states. New, improved limits are set on dark matter production and on parameters of models with large extra dimensions. In particular, the first limits from the LHC on branon production are found and significantly extend previous limits from LEP and the Tevatron. An upper limit of 14.0 fb on the cross section is set at the 95% confidence level for events with a monophoton final state with photon transverse momentum greater than 145 GeV and missing transverse momentum greater than 140 GeV. Keywords: CMS, Physics, Monophoton, Dark matter

Published
2016
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134. Argument Visualization with DMaps: Cases from Postsecondary Learning

Author

John Nesbit, Qing Liu, Joan Sharp, Diana Cukierman, Holly Hendrigan, Daniel Chang, Bahareh Shahabi, Qingyan Deng, and Azar Pakdaman Savoji

Abstract

The Dialectical Map (DMap) is an open-source, web-based argument visualization tool developed and used at a Canadian University to scaffold argument construction. To illustrate the ways that argument mapping can be used in undergraduate courses, this article presents five cases selected from courses in biology, psychology, computing science, and English as a foreign language offered at three post-secondary institutions. Each case explains how argument mapping with DMaps (DMapping) was implemented and assessed in a course. Students responded to a questionnaire that gathered their attitudes toward DMapping as a learning activity. In each course, students were also interviewed about their DMapping experiences. The interview and questionnaire data indicated that students believed DMapping was an effective way to meet the knowledge objectives of their course and to learn about argumentation. The authors explain how DMap assignments added value to their courses by helping students think critically about course topics while developing their argumentation ability and information literacy. Finally, we summarize the lessons learned across the cases and discuss ways of maximizing the benefits of argument mapping activities for postsecondary learning.

Published
2024

135. OBGYN Resident Research Program Practices and Outcomes after Implementation in an Academically Affiliated Residency Program

Author

Emily A. Evans-Hoeker, Mariah J. Rudd, Amanda B. Murchison, Hunter D. Sharp, and Samantha M. Harden

Abstract

Unlike other aspects of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) residency training, the research education curriculum and requirements are not standardized. It is unclear what constitutes core curricula in educational research programs, which components are most useful and efficacious, and how to use these findings to adapt existing programs. A multi-phase approach to (1) garner cross-sectional data from United States OBGYN Residency Program Directors and review previously published literature, (2) use Phase I and input from clinical, research and education faculty to develop a comprehensive program, and (3) evaluate the program for resident research productivity, knowledge and satisfaction. Phase I: Sixty-one (31%) Program Directors completed the survey. Most reported [less than or equal] 4 research didactics per year and no dedicated research rotation. Programs with post graduate year (PGY) level specific didactics, a research rotation, or allocated time for the Research Director role noted higher odds of resident research resulting in peer-reviewed publication. Phase II: A Resident Research Program was adapted to include a clinical and research faculty co-directorship and seven additional didactics (all of which were PGY-specific). A departmentally funded resident research grant and a repository to monitor completion of milestones and program requirements have been developed. Surveys were used to track residents' research competence and satisfaction with the research program. While resident involvement in research activities and satisfaction with opportunities for scholarly activity have improved, resident self-evaluations and mentor evaluations have not. In addition, we have not seen an increase in publications or presentations. Implementation of components of a research program associated with increased productivity did not result in increased productivity in our program, however, resident satisfaction with scholarly activity did improve.

Published
2024
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136. Let Nature Be Your Teacher

Author

Rebekah Kinnard Taylor and L. Kathryn Sharp

Abstract

Although early childhood theorists agree on the importance of spending time in nature and the outdoors, it unfortunately appears that today's young children do not always have sufficient opportunities to experience and strengthen this connection. Lack of time spent in nature, combined with the health issues associated with large quantities of time spent in front of screens, raises concern about our children's wellbeing. Yet research indicates that most children, if given the choice, not only appreciate natural environments, but actually prefer them over artificial environments. We need to encourage our children to "unplug," teaching them about the joy that experiences, adventures, and time in nature can provide. Thus, I conceived an idea that combined the power of literature and the passion for nature and thereby encouraged students to spend more time outdoors. I decided my students would read books about nature and outdoor experiences. My hope was twofold: (1) they would enjoy the books and want to know more about the nature topic, and (2) they would want to explore, experience, and play more outdoors. Students were given a notepad to take home and were asked to go on a listening walk after school at their home, childcare, after-school program, etc. When they brought a list to school, we would share, write about, and illustrate what they found. Based on the results of these experiences, I am encouraged to pursue reading and sharing outdoor/nature books with my students to help them recognize their innate connection to nature.

Published
2024
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137. Large Language Models as AI-Powered Educational Assistants: Comparing GPT-4 and Gemini for Writing Teaching Cases

Author

Guido Lang, Tamilla Triantoro, and Jason H. Sharp

Abstract

This study explores the potential of large language models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4 and Gemini, in generating teaching cases for information systems courses. A unique prompt for writing three different types of teaching cases such as a descriptive case, a normative case, and a project-based case on the same IS topic (i.e., the introduction of blockchain technology in an insurance company) was developed and submitted to each LLM. The generated teaching cases from each LLM were assessed using subjective content evaluation measures such as relevance and accuracy, complexity and depth, structure and coherence, and creativity as well as objective readability measures such as Automated Readability Index, Coleman-Liau Index, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog Index, Linsear Write Index, and SMOG Index. The findings suggest that while both LLMs perform well on objective measures, GPT-4 outperforms Gemini on subjective measures, indicating a superior ability to create content that is more relevant, complex, structured, coherent, and creative. This research provides initial empirical evidence and highlights the promise of LLMs in enhancing IS education while also acknowledging the need for careful proofreading and further research to optimize their use.

Published
2024

138. What Special Education Teachers Need to Remain: A Qualitative Study

Author

Corey Sharp

Abstract

The persistent challenge of teacher attrition, particularly in special education positions, is examined within the context of the East Dillon School District in Dillon, IL. Despite efforts to recruit and retain special education teachers, vacancies remain unfilled, leading to a disruption to the educational experiences of students with disabilities and the practice of special education teachers lacking training and support. This phenomenological qualitative research study examined the experiences of six special education teachers at Lion Middle School. Using Job Embeddedness Theory, Ethics of Care, and Aptitude-Treatment Interaction Theory as the conceptual framework, this study sought to provide the training and support special education teachers needed for longevity in their positions in the district by implementing a three-session professional development series. The goal of the research included determining special education teachers' satisfaction with the professional development intervention, how the intervention affected workloads and collaboration, and their feelings of job embeddedness with the district at its conclusion. The findings indicated through teacher pre- and post-intervention interviews showed that building leadership and the intentional planning of special education professional development may have a positive effect on teacher satisfaction levels and thoughts of job embeddedness. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2024

139. Encouraging Student Participation in Mathematical Activities in Synchronous Online Tuition

Author

Katrine Sharp Rogers, Claudi Thomas, and Hilary Holmes

Abstract

Active learning in mathematics can lead to deeper understanding than passively listening to a lecture, yet recent studies indicate that didactic teaching dominates online tutorials. This study investigated student participation in three types of activity: solving mathematical problems via polling, on-screen activities on a shared whiteboard and text-chat, during online undergraduate mathematics tutorials. Data were collected from tutorial observations, student and tutor surveys, semi-structured student interviews and a tutor focus group. Results showed high student participation in all types of activity. Students also perceived them as enjoyable and aiding their learning, though with some differences between the types of activity such as those done by text-chat being slightly less well received. Perceived benefits to students' learning included the ability to attempt similar activities, with suggested benefits such as correcting misconceptions receiving a more mixed response. By demonstrating the successful use of mathematical activities in synchronous online tuition, these results provide motivation for tutors to facilitate essential active learning online.

Published
2024
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140. Assessing Departmental Readiness to Support Minoritized Faculty

Author

Wendy Y. Carter-Veale, Robin H. Cresiski, Gwen Sharp, Jordan D. Lankford, and Fadel Ugarte

Abstract

Though increasing numbers of racially and ethnically minoritized (REM) individuals earn PhDs and national initiatives focus on faculty diversity, challenges persist in recruiting, hiring, and retaining REM faculty. While a pervasive issue nationally, the literature predominantly focuses on faculty diversity at research-intensive institutions. This exploratory case study pilots a readiness instrument to evaluate the commitment and willingness of a biomedical department at a primarily undergraduate institution to embrace faculty diversity before initiating a postdoctoral faculty conversion program. We introduce the Community Readiness Model (CRM) into an academic context, offering academic departments a robust framework and tool to evaluate readiness and capacity to recruit, retain, and support REM faculty.

Published
2024
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141. Young People with Intellectual Disability Speak Out about Life after School: 'I Want to Do More in Life than Just…Be a Disability Person'

Author

L. L. Mogensen, G. Drake, J. McDonald, and N. Sharp

Abstract

Background: The transition from school to adult life is challenging for young people with intellectual disability. The study aimed to explore how young people with intellectual disability themselves experience the transition from school to adult life. Methods: A co-designed, qualitative study. Thematic data analysis of qualitative survey responses, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups with 27 young people with intellectual disability in three Australian states. Results: Participants found transition planning at school inconsistent or lacking and felt excluded from decision-making about their lives. Accessing meaningful services, training, and employment beyond volunteering was challenging and enduring, leaving participants in perpetual state of transition, feeling lost, and missing out of post-school adult milestones. Conclusions: Policy, system, and service gaps must be addressed with a nationally consistent and accountable approach that truly supports choice and control for young people with intellectual disability in transitioning from school into meaningful adult lives.

Published
2024
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142. Belongingness in Underrepresented in Medicine Doctor of Physical Students

Author

Jennifer Jane Sharp

Abstract

Microaggressions and thwarted belongingness can negatively affect one's well-being and academic achievement. This study explored the impact of microaggression and belongingness for Underrepresented in Medicine (URiM) Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students during graduate-level education. Participants in Cycle 1 consisted of students enrolled in a DPT program who self-identified as URiM. Findings from Cycle 1 guided action steps to address participants' need for increased social engagement and support ways to improve academic success. The resulting action steps were designed and implemented with collaboration from currently enrolled students and faculty at the program. Action steps included an academic resource packet that was electronically delivered to students before starting the program and structuring a peer mentorship program. Cycle 2 evaluated the effects of the action steps through semi-structured interviews with self-identified URiM DPT students following their first term in the program. The study concluded that academic achievement plays a significant role in the sense of belonging, and the support from peers, mentors, faculty, and structured events helped to solidify further belonging to the program. Findings also revealed microaggressions continue to negatively impact participants' belonging as well as classroom experiences that were psychologically unsafe. The implications for the organization included fostering positive relationships between peers and faculty, creating safe spaces that cultivate inclusive learning environments for successful academic achievement, and continued work toward educating entry-level DPT through an anti-racism and social justice lens. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2024

143. Do Gaps Exist between Preschool and Kindergarten Teachers Regarding Phonological Awareness Knowledge

Author

Carrie Sharp

Abstract

The quantitative methods study examined and compared the knowledge of phonological awareness between preschool and kindergarten teachers. A multiple-choice knowledge survey was utilized to determine levels of understanding between the two groups of teachers. The knowledge survey consisted of questions pertaining to definitions of phonological awareness terms and phonological and phonemic awareness tasks. Personal information about literacy trainings the participants had attended and instructional time spent on phonological awareness activities were also included in the knowledge survey. The purpose of the study was to determine if gaps existed between the preschool and kindergarten teachers. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2024

144. Awarding Digital Badges: Research from a First-Year University Course

Author

J. Goulding, H. Sharp, and P. Twining

Abstract

This paper reports on a study that replaced marks with digital badges in an undergraduate Initial Teacher Education course. The aim was to examine the impact of badging on students, and on the quality of university provision. Data collection consisted of surveys and focus groups. The study found that while digital badges had considerable potential to improve the student experience in terms of engagement with feedback, motivation and reducing 'grade anxiety', delaying the awarding of marks caused significant student anxiety. The effect on university provision was more positive, and digital badges promoted constructive alignment between university-based assessment tasks and external professional standards frameworks. The student findings pointed to an underlying tension associated with implementing student-centred, outcomes-based assessment methods in contexts designed to accommodate traditional high-stakes assessment. Five recommendations for future practice were made: (1) Remove marks altogether where digital badges are used; (2) Do not substitute written feedback with digital badges; (3) Developing a badge framework is important for both students and staff; (4) Inform students about what to expect; (5) Develop a 'Badge Tree'.

Published
2024
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145. Conversation among Black Women Graduate Students: Exploring Social Media Self-Expressions for the Purpose of Reclamation

Author

Sacha Sharp

Abstract

Having experienced exclusion from graduate programs and stereotyping related to their academic performance in the past, Black women graduate students (BWGS) continue to experience challenges and barriers in higher education settings. However, social media environments are spaces where BWGS can disrupt false narratives purported about Black womanhood and how Black women construct an understanding of self. The purpose of this research was to use dramaturgy, a methodology used to explore presentations of self, and Black feminist thought to examine the identity expressions of Black women graduate students. Organized in a conversation thread using social media data, the findings highlight how BWGS used social media to create positive self-definitions for Black women by showing support for themselves and others.

Published
2024
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146. A Pan-Canadian Document Analysis: Examining Policies and Practices That Foster Self-Regulation in the Early Years

Author

Kristy Timmons, Emma Bozek, and Elizabeth Sharp

Abstract

Based on emerging literature on the important role of self-regulation in supporting learning, policy makers have made efforts to include self-regulation skills in practice and policy documents worldwide. Despite these efforts, there is limited understanding of what self-regulation is and how best to support these skills in the day-to-day life of early years classrooms. Thus, there is a need to systematically analyse and examine these efforts. This research directly responds to this need by examining the ways self-regulation is discussed and promoted in early childhood curriculum frameworks in Canada. The impact of this research involves changed thinking that will evolve through improved clarity in defining and fostering self-regulation.

Published
2024
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147. Predictors of Preschoolers' Classroom Engagement: Teacher-Child Interactions, Teacher-Child Relationships, and Child's Self-Control

Author

Hongxia Zhao, Kathryn L. Sharp, and Amy Jane Malkus

Abstract

The study examined predictors (teacher-child interactions, teacher-child relationships, child's self-control) of preschoolers' classroom engagement (135 preschoolers, 15 East Tennessee classrooms). Hierarchical linear regression revealed child's self-control significantly contributed to engagement. Teacher-child closeness enhanced engagement, but reverse-coded teacher-child conflict negatively impacted it after controlling teacher-child individualized interaction. Control variables included child gender, age, mother and father education. These findings offer holistic insights into preschoolers' engagement mechanisms, aiding intervention program design. Discussions and practical applications of results are provided.

Published
2024
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148. Exploring Educator Perceptions of Blended Learning Implementation in K-12 Education

Author

Jennifer L. Sharp

Abstract

Access to technology has increased significantly in K-12 classrooms in recent years, with many districts and schools achieving a 1:1 device-to-student ratio. Considering this increased access to technology, blended learning has become more commonplace as an instructional approach. However, the advancement of blended learning has outpaced the available research, particularly in the K-12 environment. This qualitative case study explored educator perceptions of blended learning in the K-12 setting from the vantage point of teachers, administrators, and district-level instructional technology personnel. Specifically, the researcher investigated perceived advantages, challenges, and impacts on student learning, as well as the role of district-level support and professional learning in the implementation of blended learning, in a large, urban school district. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2024

149. MedAlign: A Clinician-Generated Dataset for Instruction Following with Electronic Medical Records

Author

Fleming, Scott L., Lozano, Alejandro, Haberkorn, William J., Jindal, Jenelle A., Reis, Eduardo P., Thapa, Rahul, Blankemeier, Louis, Genkins, Julian Z., Steinberg, Ethan, Nayak, Ashwin, Patel, Birju S., Chiang, Chia-Chun, Callahan, Alison, Huo, Zepeng, Gatidis, Sergios, Adams, Scott J., Fayanju, Oluseyi, Shah, Shreya J., Savage, Thomas, Goh, Ethan, Chaudhari, Akshay S., Aghaeepour, Nima, Sharp, Christopher, Pfeffer, Michael A., Liang, Percy, Chen, Jonathan H., Morse, Keith E., Brunskill, Emma P., Fries, Jason A., and Shah, Nigam H.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to follow natural language instructions with human-level fluency suggests many opportunities in healthcare to reduce administrative burden and improve quality of care. However, evaluating LLMs on realistic text generation tasks for healthcare remains challenging. Existing question answering datasets for electronic health record (EHR) data fail to capture the complexity of information needs and documentation burdens experienced by clinicians. To address these challenges, we introduce MedAlign, a benchmark dataset of 983 natural language instructions for EHR data. MedAlign is curated by 15 clinicians (7 specialities), includes clinician-written reference responses for 303 instructions, and provides 276 longitudinal EHRs for grounding instruction-response pairs. We used MedAlign to evaluate 6 general domain LLMs, having clinicians rank the accuracy and quality of each LLM response. We found high error rates, ranging from 35% (GPT-4) to 68% (MPT-7B-Instruct), and an 8.3% drop in accuracy moving from 32k to 2k context lengths for GPT-4. Finally, we report correlations between clinician rankings and automated natural language generation metrics as a way to rank LLMs without human review. We make MedAlign available under a research data use agreement to enable LLM evaluations on tasks aligned with clinician needs and preferences.

Published
2023

150. A Direct Measurement of Hard Two-Photon Exchange with Electrons and Positrons at CLAS12

Author

Schmidt, A., Briscoe, W. J., Cortes, O., Earnest, L., Grauvogel, G. N., Ratliff, S., Seroka, E. M., Sharp, P., Strakovsky, I. I., Niculescu, G., Diehl, S., Blunden, P. G., Cline, E., Korover, I., Kutz, T., Santiesteban, S. N., Fogler, C., Weinstein, L. B., Marchand, D., Niccolai, S., Voutier, E., D'Angelo, A., Bernauer, J. C., Singh, R., Burkert, V., Hauenstein, F., Higinbotham, D. W., Nguyen, D., Pasyuk, E., Szumila-Vance, H., Wei, X., and Keller, D.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

One of the most surprising discoveries made at Jefferson Lab has been the discrepancy in the determinations of the proton's form factor ratio $\mu_p G_E^p/G_M^p$ between unpolarized cross section measurements and the polarization transfer technique. Over two decades later, the discrepancy not only persists but has been confirmed at higher momentum transfers now accessible in the 12-GeV era. The leading hypothesis for the cause of this discrepancy, a non-negligible contribution from hard two-photon exchange, has neither been conclusively proven or disproven. This state of uncertainty not only clouds our knowledge of one-dimensional nucleon structure but also poses a major concern for our field's efforts to map out the three-dimensional nuclear structure. A better understanding of multi-photon exchange over a wide phase space is needed. We propose making comprehensive measurements of two-photon exchange over a wide range in momentum transfer and scattering angle using the CLAS12 detector. Specifically, we will measure the ratio of positron-proton to electron-proton elastic scattering cross sections, using the proposed positron beam upgrade for CEBAF. The experiment will use 2.2, 4.4, and 6.6 GeV lepton beams incident on the standard CLAS12 unpolarized hydrogen target. Data will be collected by the CLAS12 detector in its standard configuration, except for a modified trigger to allow the recording of events with beam leptons scattered into the CLAS12 central detector. The sign of the beam charge, as well as the polarity of the CLAS12 solenoid and toroid, will be reversed several times in order to suppress systematics associated with local detector efficiency and time-dependent detector performance. The proposed high-precision determination of two-photon effects will be..., Comment: Experimental Proposal E12+23-008 submitted to Jefferson Lab PAC 51, 34 pages, 18 figures

Published
2023

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