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Abstract The Hsp70-binding protein 1 (HspBP1) belongs to a family of co-chaperones that regulate Hsp70 activity and whose biological significance is not well understood. In the present study, we show that when HspBP1 is either knocked down or overexpressed in BRCA1-proficient breast cancer cells, there were profound changes in tumorigenesis, including anchorage-independent cell growth in vitro and in tumor formation in xenograft models. However, HspBP1 did not affect tumorigenic properties in BRCA1-deficient breast cancer cells. The mechanisms underlying HspBP1-induced tumor suppression were found to include interactions with BRCA1 and promotion of BRCA1-mediated homologous recombination DNA repair, suggesting that HspBP1 contributes to the suppression of breast cancer by regulating BRCA1 function and thereby maintaining genomic stability. Interestingly, independent of BRCA1 status, HspBP1 facilitates cell survival in response to ionizing radiation (IR) by interfering with the association of Hsp70 and apoptotic protease-activating factor-1. These findings suggest that decreased HspBP1 expression, a common occurrence in high-grade and metastatic breast cancers, leads to genomic instability and enables resistance to IR treatment.

This paper proposes Inductive Enhanced-Electromagnetic Bandgap (IE-EBG) structure to suppress the Ground Bounce Noise (GBN) for high-speed digital system applications. The GBN excited between the power and ground plane pair could be a source of interference to the adjacent analog IC's on the same PCB (or) nearby devices because of radiated emission from the PCB edges. Hence, it must be suppressed at the PCB level. The proposed two-dimensional IE-EBG patterned power plane suppressed the GBN effectively over a broad frequency range. The four unit-cell IE-EBG provides a -40 dB noise suppression bandwidth of 13.567 GHz. With a substantial increment in the overall area, the nine unit-cell IE-EBG provides a -50 dB bandwidth of 19.02 GHz. The equivalent circuit modeling was developed for nine unit-cell IE-EBG and results are verified with the 3D EM simulation results. In addition, dispersion analysis was performed on the IE-EBG unit-cell to validate the lowest cut-off frequency and bandgap range. The prototype model of the proposed IE-EBG is fabricated and tested. The measured and simulated results are compared; a negligible variation is observed between them. In a multilayer PCB, the solid power plane is replaced with the 1 x 4 IE-EBG power plane and its impact on high-speed data transmission is analyzed with single-ended/differential signaling. The embedded IE-EBG with differential signaling provides optimum MEO and MEW values of 0.928 V, 0.293 ns for a random binary sequence with the 0.1 ns rise-time. Compared to single-ended signaling, embedded IE-EBG with differential signaling maintain good signal integrity and supports high-speed data transmission.

Intraosseous (IO) administration of vancomycin at the time of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been shown to be safer and more effective than intravenous (IV) administration at preventing early periprosthetic joint infection. Previous studies have relied on tourniquet inflation to enhance local tissue concentrations and mitigate systemic release. A single-blinded, randomized clinical trial was performed on 20 patients (10 IV, 10 IO) undergoing primary TKA. The control (IV) group received weight-dosed vancomycin approximately 1 hour prior to the incision and weight-dosed cefazolin immediately prior to the incision. The interventional (IO) group received weight-dosed cefazolin immediately prior to the incision and 500 mg of vancomycin delivered via the IO technique at the time of the incision. Systemic samples for vancomycin levels were taken prior to the incision and at closure. During the procedure, tissue samples were taken from the distal femur, proximal tibia, and suprapatellar synovium. There were no differences in patient demographics or changes in serum creatinine from preoperative to postoperatively between groups. Significant differences in systemic vancomycin levels (ug/mL) were found at the start of the case (IV = 27.9 ± 4.9 versus IO = 0 ± 0, P =.0004) and at the end of the case (IV = 19.6 ± 2.6 versus IO = 7.8 ± 1.0, P =.001). No significant differences were seen in the average vancomycin concentration in the distal femur (IV = 61.0 ± 16.0 versus IO = 66.2 ± 12.3, P =.80), proximal tibia (IV = 52.8 ± 13.5 versus IO = 57.1 ± 17.0, P =.84), or suprapatellar synovial tissue (IV = 10.7 ± 5.3 versus IO = 9.0 ± 3.3, P =.80). There were no complications associated with vancomycin administration in either group. This study demonstrates the utility of IO vancomycin in tourniquetless TKA with similar local tissue and significantly lower systemic concentrations than IV administration. Level 1 therapeutic randomized trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cow dung is a valuable source of manure to improve soil quality. This study aims to enhance the soil quality by decreasing diesel contamination in the soil through the vermicomposting of cow dung and nanoparticles of ZnO. Using a powder made from cow dung, zinc ions may be easily converted into ZnO nanoparticles. To increase the quality of soil, Eisenia fetida and nanoparticles of ZnO mixed with cow dung was used. These nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, and TEM. The diesel impure soils were examined for 70 days by gas chromatography. Observations showed that the soil samples without the earthworms had a higher concentration of diesel than the earthworm present in the soil. In this method, diesel (4.5 ml) was reduced by almost 50% after 70 days. Diesel concentrations were significantly higher during sampling time than they were later in soil contaminated with E. fetida.

Eco-friendly and inexpensive syntheses of metal-based nanocomposites is now gaining attention for their potential exploitation in biomedical and environmental fields. In this study, green method was applied to synthesize chitosan-modified platinum-doped silver nanocomposites (Ch-Pt-Ag NCs) using leaf extract of Desmostachya bipinnata, a plant with several medicinal values. Synthesis of Ch-Pt-Ag NCs was proven by XRD, SEM, FTIR, and TGA characterizations. Photocatalytic and biological activities of green-prepared Ch-Pt-Ag NCs were further explored. Crystallites of Ch-Pt-Ag NCs exhibited a mean size of 24 nm measured by XRD. SEM analysis indicated the formation of cubic and rod-shaped structures of Ch-Pt-Ag NCs. Functional groups present in plant extract were responsible for stabilizing and capping of Ch-Pt-Ag NCs, which were confirmed by FTIR analysis. Green synthesized Ch-Pt-Ag NCs exhibited dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and larvicidal (anti-dengue) activities. Green prepared Ch-Pt-Ag NCs exerted very low toxicity in Brine shrimp lethality assay indicated the biocompatible nature of synthesized nanostructures. The Ch-Pt-Ag NCs were also examined as a photocatalytic agent, resulting in 98% degradation of Rhodamine dye. Green synthesized Ch-Pt-Ag NCs with great biological and photocatalytic activities warrants further research on its biomedical and environmental fields.

Among the different metal oxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles have gained significant importance due to their antibacterial properties against clinically pathogenic bacteria during the organal development. In the present study, biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using seed extract of Citrus limon by a simple, cost-effective, and green chemistry approach. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Dynamic Light Scattering, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Next, the antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs was tested against clinically pathogenic bacteria, i.e., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Bacillus subtilis. Followed by, ZnO NPs were evaluated for the development of caudal fin in Zebrafish. The UV-Vis spectram result showed a band at 380 nm and FTIR results confirmed the ZnO NPs. The average crystallite size of the ZnO NPs was 52.65 ± 0.5 nm by the Debye Scherrer equation and SEM showed spherical-shaped particles. A zone of inhibition around ZnO NPs applied to P. fluorescens indicates sensitive to ZnO NPs followed by B. subtilis. Among the four different bacterial pathogens, E. aerogenes was the most susceptible compared to the other three pathogens. The calculated sub-lethal concentration of ZnO NPs at 96 h was 153.8 mg/L with a 95% confidence limit ranging from 70.62 to 214.18 mg/L, which was used with partially amputated zebrafish caudal fin growth. A significant (p < 0.5) development (95%) in the amputated caudal fin was detected at 12 days post-amputation. Low concentrated ZnO NPs can reduce developmental malformation. Collectively, suggested results strongly proved that lemon seed-mediated synthesized ZnO NPs had a good pathogenic barrier for bacterial infection during the external organal development for the first time.

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Ideal target limb alignment remains a debated topic in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We aimed to determine the effect of limb alignment correction on patient-reported outcomes and knee range of motion (ROM) following TKA. In this retrospective analysis, patients (N = 409) undergoing primary TKA at a single institution were studied. Using full leg-length radiographs, limb alignment was measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Patients were categorized by preoperative (Preop) alignment (varus > 0°; valgus < 0°). Preop varus patients were then divided as follows based on postoperative alignment: neutral (VAR-NEUT, 0 ° ± 2), remaining in varus (VAR-rVAR, ≥ 3 °), and cross-over to valgus (VAR-CO, ≤ −3 °). Similarly, Preop valgus patients were divided as follows for postoperative alignment: neutral (VAL-NEUT, 0 ° ± 2), remaining in valgus (VAL-rVAL, ≤ −3 °), and cross-over to varus (VAL-CO, ≥ 3 °). The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement survey scores were collected at preoperatively as well as at 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Knee ROM was collected at 2 weeks, 6 to 12 weeks, and >6 months postoperatively. An analysis of variance repeated on time followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test was used to compare outcomes for the postoperative alignment subgroups. Preop Varus patients : Those in the VAR-CO group (overcorrected to −4.03° ± 1.95valgus) were observed to have lower Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement scores at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively compared to those in the NEUT group (P <.05). This finding was paired with reduced ROM at 6 to 12 weeks postoperatively in the VAR-CO group compared to VAR-NEUT and VAR-rVAR (P <.05). Preop Valgus patients: Those in the VAL-rVal group (left in −4.39° ± 1.39valgus) were observed to have reduced knee flexion at 6 to 12 weeks postoperatively compared to VAL-NEUT and VAL-CO. These findings indicate that postoperative valgus alignment via either crossing over to valgus (VAR-CO) or remaining in valgus (VAL-rVAL) alignment may result in less preferable outcomes than correction to neutral or slightly varus alignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) is a technique used to reduce the utilization of cutting liquids in accomplishing a perfect and well-disposed condition. In this examination, the machinability of M2 steel which is hard-to-machine material utilized in key applications was researched under three separate cutting strategies such as dry environment, oil environment, and copper nanofluids with MQL as environment. The turning tests were conducted utilizing carbide inserts on five separate cutting speed with constant feed and depth of cut. The maximum roughness value obtained with dry condition is 3.75 µm, for oil is 1.7 µm and nanofluid is 0.81 µm. The extreme ank wear values attained is 0.16 mm, 0.055 mm and 0.04 mm for dry, oil and nanofluid conditions. The reduced value of surface roughness (0.45 µm) and ank wear (0.04 mm) were obtained when the machining was performed under copper nanofluid as a coolant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Acute calculus cholecystitis (ACC) has a high incidence in the general population. The presence of several areas of uncertainty, along with the availability of new evidence, prompted the current update of the 2016 WSES (World Society of Emergency Surgery) Guidelines on ACC. Materials and methods The WSES president appointed four members as a scientific secretariat, four members as an organization committee and four members as a scientific committee, choosing them from the expert affiliates of WSES. Relevant key questions were constructed, and the task force produced drafts of each section based on the best scientific evidence from PubMed and EMBASE Library; recommendations were developed in order to answer these key questions. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were reviewed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria (see https://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/ ). All the statements were presented, discussed and voted upon during the Consensus Conference at the 6th World Congress of the World Society of Emergency Surgery held in Nijmegen (NL) in May 2019. A revised version of the statements was voted upon via an online questionnaire until consensus was reached. Results The pivotal role of surgery is confirmed, including in high-risk patients. When compared with the WSES 2016 guidelines, the role of gallbladder drainage is reduced, despite the considerable technical improvements available. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) should be the standard of care whenever possible, even in subgroups of patients who are considered fragile, such as the elderly; those with cardiac disease, renal disease and cirrhosis; or those who are generally at high risk for surgery. Subtotal cholecystectomy is safe and represents a valuable option in cases of difficult gallbladder removal. Conclusions, knowledge gaps and research recommendations ELC has a central role in the management of patients with ACC. The value of surgical treatment for high-risk patients should lead to a distinction between high-risk patients and patients who are not suitable for surgery. Further evidence on the role of clinical judgement and the use of clinical scores as adjunctive tools to guide treatment of high-risk patients and patients who are not suitable for surgery is required. The development of local policies for safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy is recommended.

Objective: Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood or blood-streaked sputum from the tracheobronchial tree. The etiology may derive from nonneoplastic conditions such as infections, chronic pulmonary diseases, and vasculitis or neoplastic causes. Sometimes a definitive cause for hemoptysis cannot be found after ample diagnostic workup. The role of biopsy in such cases is to help the clinician in arriving at the final diagnosis. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is the main histopathological finding in hemoptysis and it appears with diffuse chest infiltrates radiologically. Material and Method: A retrospective study of 2 years duration was conducted to identify the morphological spectrum of diseases presenting with hemoptysis. A total of 243 lung biopsies obtained by various methods were retrieved in this study period and 20 cases with hemoptysis of undetermined etiology were detected. Results: Based on imaging and histopathology findings, the etiological causes of hemoptysis were divided into hemoptysis with and without capillaritis or due to tumor/tumor-like lesions and due to miscellaneous conditions. The most common etiology was vasculitis followed by infections. Conclusion: Histopathology helps to detect the etiology, particularly in cases of hemoptysis due to non-immunologic causes. In immunologic cases, histopathological findings may support the diagnosis in correlation with the clinical/imaging features.

Abstract Background Recalcitrant nature is a major constraint for the in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation of leguminous species members. Therefore, an improved genetic transformation in horse gram has been developed via in planta method, in which Agrobacterium strain harboring binary vector pCAMBIA2301 was used for the transformation. Several factors affecting in planta transformations were put forth viz. Agrobacterium cell density, co-cultivation, and sonication combined with vacuum infiltration duration which were optimized. Results Germinated seeds were sonicated and vacuum infiltrated with different densities of Agrobacterium culture and co-cultivated in half-strength MS medium with 100 μM of acetosyringone for 48 h. Seedlings were washed with cefotaxime and sowed in vermiculite soil for maturation. T1 plants were subjected to histochemical and molecular analysis to ensure transformation efficiency. Among various combinations analyzed, maximum transformation efficiency (20.8%) was attained with seeds of 5 min sonication combined with vacuum infiltration with 0.6 optical density of Agrobacterium culture. Conclusions It concludes that a different Agrobacterium cell density with sonication combined with vacuum infiltration has improved transgenic efficiency in horse gram plants. This simple and efficient method is feasible for the stable expression of foreign genes that could be beneficial for future food security.