434 results on '"P. C. LEUNG"'
Search Results
102. Cupping Therapy May be Harmful for Eczema: A PubMed Search
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Kam Lun E. Hon, David Chi Kong Luk, Kin Fon Leong, and Alexander K. C. Leung
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Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Eczema is a common childhood atopic condition and treatment is with emollients, topical corticosteroids, and avoidance of possible triggers. S. aureus colonization is a common complication. As there is no immediate cure, many parents seek alternative therapies that claim unproven therapeutic efficacy. We report a girl with long history of treatment noncompliance. After practicing a long period of dietary avoidance and supplementation, the grandparents took her to an alternative medicine practitioner. Following cupping therapy and acupuncture, the child developed blistering and oozing over her back the next day, which rapidly evolved to two large irregular-edge deep ulcers. She was treated with intravenous antibiotics and received multidisciplinary supportive intervention. Using search words of “cupping,” “eczema,” and “atopic dermatitis,” only two reports were found on PubMed. Therapeutic efficacy was claimed but not scientifically documented in these reports. Childhood eczema is an eminently treatable atopic disease. Extreme alternative therapy seems not to be efficacious and may even be associated with serious undesirable sequelae. Physicians should be aware of various alternative treatment modalities and be prepared to offer evidence-based advice to the patients with eczema and their families.
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- 2013
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103. Complications of Bezoar in Children: What Is New?
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Kam Lun Ellis Hon, Jean Cheng, Chung Mo Chow, Hon Ming Cheung, Kam Lau Cheung, Yuk Him Tam, and Alexander K. C. Leung
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Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
A bezoar is a mass found trapped in the gastrointestinal system. The condition may be associated with pica, especially in developmentally retarded children. Clinical manifestations are usually nonspecific. Endoscopic diagnosis and removal of the foreign materials is often indicated. Occasionally, severe complications may occur. We report two cases to illustrate the clinical features and complications in these children. In the first case, a reliable history was not obtained in the developmentally delayed girl which precluded prompt diagnosis, but the grossly dilated stomach on plain abdominal radiograph gave clues to an underlying insidious mechanical obstruction of upper gastrointestinal tract. In the second case of a normal child, the unrelenting symptoms and weight loss prompt further investigations which revealed the diagnosis. Literature on pediatric bezoar is reviewed. Oesophagoduodenoscopy is the investigation of choice for diagnostic confirmation, but surgical facilities must be available to deal with acute complications.
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- 2013
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104. Chlamydial Pneumonitis: A Creepy Neonatal Disease
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Kam Lun Hon and Alexander K. C. Leung
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Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
We present a case of neonatal chlamydial pneumonitis to illustrate that a high index of suspicion is necessary to make the diagnosis so that treatment can be promptly instituted. The child was afebrile and the only symptom was a cough. The respiratory equations are calculated to understand the respiratory physiology. There was no overt abnormality with ventilation, oxygenation, compliance, resistance, or ventilation-perfusion mismatch despite radiographic abnormality. The literature is searched to review if treatment with a systemic macrolide antibiotic is needed in an otherwise asymptomatic neonate with chlamydial pneumonitis.
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- 2013
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105. Photocatalytic Oxidation of Gaseous Benzene under 185 nm UV Irradiation
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Haibao Huang, Xinguo Ye, Huiling Huang, Peng Hu, Lu Zhang, and Dennis Y. C. Leung
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Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Benzene is a toxic air pollutant and causes great harm to human being. Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) has been frequently studied for benzene removal, however, its PCO efficiency is still very low and the photocatalysts are easy to be deactivated. To improve the efficiency and stability of PCO, UV lamps with partial 185 nm UV irradiation were used to activate photocatalysts (denoted as 185-PCO). Cobalt modified TiO2 (Co-TiO2) was developed to improve the PCO activity and eliminate ozone generated from 185 nm UV irradiation. Results show that benzene removal efficiency of PCO with 254 nm UV irradiation (denoted as 254-PCO) is only 2.1% while it was greatly increased to 51.5% in 185-PCO. 185-PCO exhibited superior capacity for benzene oxidation. In the 185-PCO process, much ozone was left in case of TiO2 as photocatalysts while it can be nearly eliminated by 1% Co-TiO2.
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- 2013
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106. Removal of Formaldehyde Using Highly Active Pt/TiO2 Catalysts without Irradiation
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Haibao Huang, Huiling Huang, Peng Hu, Xinguo Ye, and Dennis Y. C. Leung
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Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is one of the major indoor air pollutants. TiO2 supported Pt catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method and used to eliminate HCHO at room temperature without irradiation. The reduced Pt/TiO2 catalyst (denoted as Pt/TiO2-H2) showed much higher activity than that calcined in air (denoted as Pt/TiO2-air). More than 96% of the conversion of HCHO was obtained over 0.5 wt% Pt/TiO2-H2, on which highly dispersed metallic Pt nanoparticles with very small size (~2 nm) were identified. Metallic Pt rather than cationic Pt nanoparticles provide the active sites for HCHO oxidation. Negatively charged metallic Pt nanoparticles facilitate the transfer of charge and oxygen species and the activation of oxygen.
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- 2013
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107. Complete genome analysis of a Haemophilus parasuis serovar 12 strain from China.
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Yufeng Li, Amy H Y Kwok, Jingwei Jiang, Yao Zou, Fangyuan Zheng, Pan Chen, Chengcai Hou, Frederick C Leung, and Ping Jiang
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the etiological agent of Glässer's disease in pigs and 15 standard serovars were identified. The widespread disease causes great economic loss in the swine industry worldwide. Aiming to investigate the differences in genome composition and functions among various strains, a highly virulent strain ZJ0906 of H. parasuis serovar 12 from China was analyzed and compared with serovar 5 SH0165. Strain ZJ0906 genome is 2,324,740 base pairs with 40.06% genomic GC content. It contains 2,484 open reading frames (ORF) predicted by Glimmer 3.02, of which 2,352 (∼94.7%) were annotated by NCBI nr blast, 1,745 by COG database and 1,829 by KEGG database. 109 potential virulence factors were annotated in strain ZJ0906 and 3 of which are potentially related to antibiotic resistance. Strain ZJ0906 genome is ∼55 kilobases longer than SH0165 genome, with an extra 211 predicted ORFs. VFDB, ARDB, and PAIDB blast searches showed that ZJ0906 and SH0165 shared a nearly identical panel of potential virulence factors, drug resistant genes and four PAI-like regions which showed high homology to Enterococcus, Escherichia and Salmonella. Synteny analysis showed that gene rearrangements are frequent between the two strains, which may lead to variations in pathogenicity and cross-protection among serovars. KEGG pathway analyses showed strain ZJ0906 shared similar metabolic pathways to strain SH0165. Molecular identification of these genomic elements and potential virulence factors pave the way to the better understanding of mechanisms underlying metabolic capabilities and pathogenicity of H. parasuis and prospective vaccine targets besides the widely used method of inactivated bacteria.
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- 2013
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108. Physiological Striae Atrophicae of Adolescence with Involvement of the Upper Back
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Alexander K. C. Leung and Benjamin Barankin
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Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
We report a 13-year-old boy with multiple purplish, atrophic, horizontal linear striae in the thoracic area. He reported a growth spurt in the preceding 12 months. His past health was unremarkable, and he took no medications. To our knowledge, physiological striae atrophicae of adolescence where idiopathic striae were restricted to the upper back have rarely been reported. Physiological striae atrophicae of adolescence may, on occasions, be mistaken for child abuse. It is important that child care professionals recognize this condition so that false accusations of child abuse will not be made.
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- 2013
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109. Septicemia in a Neonate following Therapeutic Hypothermia: The Literature Review of Evidence
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Kam Lun Hon, Joshua J. X. Li, Bernadette L. Y. Cheng, and Alexander K. C. Leung
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Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
We report a term neonate with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy who underwent a 72-hour therapeutic hypothermia. He developed unstable body temperature associated with coagulase negative staphylococcus septicemia 2 weeks later which was promptly treated with intravenous antibiotics and made a good recovery. PubMed (a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine) was searched for the terms “therapeutic hypothermia” and “septicemia,” with limits activated (humans, English, age 0–18 years). There were only 6 randomized controlled trials, 1 non-randomized controlled trial, 1 retrospective cohort, and 1 case-control trial, which showed no definite evidence of increased risk of septicemia or neutrophil dysfunction in infants following hypothermia therapy.
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- 2013
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110. Noninvasive prenatal molecular karyotyping from maternal plasma.
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Stephanie C Y Yu, Peiyong Jiang, Kwong W Choy, Kwan Chee Allen Chan, Hye-Sung Won, Wing C Leung, Elizabeth T Lau, Mary H Y Tang, Tak Y Leung, Yuk Ming Dennis Lo, and Rossa W K Chiu
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Fetal DNA is present in the plasma of pregnant women. Massively parallel sequencing of maternal plasma DNA has been used to detect fetal trisomies 21, 18, 13 and selected sex chromosomal aneuploidies noninvasively. Case reports describing the detection of fetal microdeletions from maternal plasma using massively parallel sequencing have been reported. However, these previous reports were either polymorphism-dependent or used statistical analyses which were confined to one or a small number of selected parts of the genome. In this report, we reported a procedure for performing noninvasive prenatal karyotyping at 3 Mb resolution across the whole genome through the massively parallel sequencing of maternal plasma DNA. This method has been used to analyze the plasma obtained from 6 cases. In three cases, fetal microdeletions have been detected successfully from maternal plasma. In two cases, fetal microduplications have been detected successfully from maternal plasma. In the remaining case, the plasma DNA sequencing result was consistent with the pregnant mother being a carrier of a microduplication. Simulation analyses were performed for determining the number of plasma DNA molecules that would need to be sequenced and aligned for enhancing the diagnostic resolution of noninvasive prenatal karyotyping to 2 Mb and 1 Mb. In conclusion, noninvasive prenatal molecular karyotyping from maternal plasma by massively parallel sequencing is feasible and would enhance the diagnostic spectrum of noninvasive prenatal testing.
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- 2013
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111. Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pentaherbs Formula, Berberine, Gallic Acid and Chlorogenic Acid in Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Inflammation
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Miranda S. M. Tsang, Delong Jiao, Ben C. L. Chan, Kam-Lun Hon, Ping C. Leung, Clara B. S. Lau, Eric C. W. Wong, Ling Cheng, Carmen K. M. Chan, Christopher W. K. Lam, and Chun K. Wong
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allergic inflammation ,atopic dermatitis ,berberine ,Gallic acid ,pentaherbs formula ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic skin disease, characterized by dryness, itchiness, thickening and inflammation of the skin. Infiltration of eosinophils into the dermal layer and presence of edema are typical characteristics in the skin biopsy of AD patients. Previous in vitro and clinical studies showed that the Pentaherbs formula (PHF) consisting of five traditional Chinese herbal medicines, Flos Lonicerae, Herba Menthae, Cortex Phellodendri, Cortex Moutan and Rhizoma Atractylodis at w/w ratio of 2:1:2:2:2 exhibited therapeutic potential in treating AD. In this study, an in vivo murine model with oxazolone (OXA)-mediated dermatitis was used to elucidate the efficacy of PHF. Active ingredients of PHF water extract were also identified and quantified, and their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities on pruritogenic cytokine IL-31- and alarmin IL-33-activated human eosinophils and dermal fibroblasts were evaluated. Ear swelling, epidermis thickening and eosinophils infiltration in epidermal and dermal layers, and the release of serum IL-12 of the murine OXA-mediated dermatitis were significantly reduced upon oral or topical treatment with PHF (all p < 0.05). Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and berberine contents (w/w) in PHF were found to be 0.479%, 1.201% and 0.022%, respectively. Gallic acid and chlorogenic acid could suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and chemokine CCL7 and CXCL8, respectively, in IL-31- and IL-33-treated eosinophils-dermal fibroblasts co-culture; while berberine could suppress the release of IL-6, CXCL8, CCL2 and CCL7 in the eosinophil culture and eosinophils-dermal fibroblasts co-culture (all p < 0.05). These findings suggest that PHF can ameliorate allergic inflammation and attenuate the activation of eosinophils.
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- 2016
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112. Localized Acquired Hypertrichosis Associated with the Application of a Splint
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Alexander K. C. Leung and Andrew S. Wong
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Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
We describe a 16-year-old boy whose left forearm and hand were cut by a piece of glass from a broken window as a result of the fall. He had surgical repair of his left extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, and dorsal branch of the left radial nerve. Following the surgery, he was put on a splint so as to immobilize the left forearm and wrist. On removal of the splint 4 weeks post surgery, he was noticed to have more hair growth on his left forearm and hand than his right counterparts. The patient was reassessed 2, 4, and 8 months after the removal of the splint. The hypertrichosis got better with time. At the last visit, the hair growth in the left forearm and hand was back to normal. Our patient represents the first reported case of localized acquired hypertrichosis following the application of a splint in the pediatric literature.
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- 2012
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113. Generalized Lichen Nitidus in Identical Twins
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Alexander K. C. Leung and Jeffrey Ng
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Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Lichen nitidus is an uncommon idiopathic chronic dermatosis characterized by minute, flesh-colored or hypopigmented, shiny papules commonly occurring on the abdomen, chest, genitalia, and extremities. The disorder is most often localized but, rarely, can become extensive or generalized. The occurrence of lichen nitidus during infancy is extremely rare. A perusal of the English literature revealed but two cases. We report two identical twins with lesions of generalized lichen nitidus noted at two months of age. The familial occurrence of lichen nitidus suggests that a genetic factor may be operative.
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- 2012
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114. Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus
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Kam Lun Hon and Alexander K. C. Leung
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) refers to a clinical spectrum of cutaneous, cardiac, and systemic abnormalities observed in newborn infants whose mothers have autoantibodies against Ro/SSA and La/SSB. The condition is rare and usually benign and self-limited but sometimes may be associated with serious sequelae. We review the pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of infants with this condition. Neonates with NLE should be managed at a tertiary care center. Multidisciplinary team involvement may also be indicated. In mothers with anti-Ro/SSA and/or anti-La/SSB antibodies and infants with congenital heart block, the risk of recurrence in subsequent offspring is 17–25%. Therefore, careful monitoring of subsequent pregnancies with serial ultrasonography and echocardiography is essential.
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- 2012
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115. Lymphoma-like T cell infiltration in liver is associated with increased copy number of dominant negative form of TGFβ receptor II.
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Weici Zhang, Masanobu Tsuda, Guo-Xiang Yang, Koichi Tsuneyama, Xiao-Song He, Aftab A Ansari, William M Ridgway, Ross L Coppel, Zhe-Xiong Lian, Patrick S C Leung, and M Eric Gershwin
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a distinct and lethal subtype of peripheral T cell lymphoma with an aggressive course and poor outcome despite multiagent chemotherapy. Contradictory literature, an unknown etiology, and poor response to treatment highlight the need to define the malignant process and identify molecular targets with potential for successful therapeutic interventions. Herein, we report that mice homozygously expressing a dominant negative TGFβRII (dnTGFβRII) under the control of the CD4 promoter spontaneously develop lymphoma-like T cell infiltration involving both spleen and liver. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and liver dysfunction were observed in homozygous dnTGFβRII mice between 10 weeks and 10 months of age associated with a predominant infiltration of CD4(-)CD8(-)TCRβ(+)NK1.1(+) or CD8(+)TCRβ(+)NK1.1(-) T cell subsets. Notch 1 and c-Myc expression at the mRNA levels were significantly increased and positively correlated with the cell number of lymphoid infiltrates in the liver of dnTGFβRII homozygous compared to hemizygous mice. Further, 2×10(4) isolated lymphoma-like cells transplant disease by adoptive cell transfers. Collectively, our data demonstrate that increased copy number of dnTGFβRII is critical for development of lymphoma-like T cell infiltration.
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- 2012
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116. CCD Observations of Some Variable Stars
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J. H. Jeong, Y.-S. Lee, C. U. Lee, and K.-C. Leung
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Astronomy ,QB1-991 - Abstract
Using 1024x1024 pixels CCD camera of ChungBuk National University Observatory (CBNUO), 62 photometric observations were made on January 11-12, 1993. A time of minimum lights of U Cep was determined as JD Hel 2448999.2274 from our data. On October 21-22 in 1993, CCD photometry in V and R for GW Cephei and V700 Cygni was carried out with 309 x 584 pixels cooled CCD system of Behlen Observatory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln(BOUNL) and 168 observations were obtained. From the data time of minimum lights JD Hel 2449282.8485 for GW Cep and JD Hel 2449282.7979 were determined. To develop a new CCD system of CBNUO, the CCD photometry method using at CBNUO is compared with at BOUNL.
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- 1994
117. No Effects of Black Tea on Cognitive Decline Among Older US Men: A Prospective Cohort Study
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Jane A. Cauley, James M. Shikany, Lei Feng, Ye Sun, Kristine Yaffe, Lisa Langsetmo, P. C. Leung, Howard A Fink, Nancy E Lane, and Yu, Jin-Tai
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Male ,Aging ,black tea ,Clinical Sciences ,Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group ,men ,and over ,Logistic regression ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Linear regression ,80 and over ,Humans ,Medicine ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cognitive decline ,Prospective cohort study ,Black tea ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Change score ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Tea ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Neurosciences ,food and beverages ,Cognition ,General Medicine ,cognitive decline ,United States ,Brain Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Neuroprotective Agents ,Logistic Models ,Good Health and Well Being ,Cohort ,Cognitive Science ,Cognitive Sciences ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography - Abstract
Author(s): Feng, Lei; Langsetmo, Lisa; Yaffe, Kristine; Sun, Ye; Fink, Howard A; Shikany, James M; Leung, PC; Lane, Nancy E; Cauley, Jane A; Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group | Abstract: BackgroundAccumulating evidence supports the neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds from tea leaves. There are limited data from black tea consumption populations.ObjectiveTo determine whether black tea consumption is associated with cognitive decline among older men.MethodsWe chose to study the association between black tea consumption and cognition using data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort, which collected information on tea consumption at baseline and has repeatedly assessed cognitive function in 3,844 men aged 65+ years (mean = 72.4 years). We defined tea drinkers as those who drank black tea at least once per week and further grouped them into weekly drinkers and daily drinkers. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and approximately 7 years later using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE). Multivariable logistic regression and linear regression models were constructed to assess the association between black tea consumption and risk of fast cognitive decline as a binary variable and change in 3MSE scores as continuous variable. Fast cognitive decline was defined as decline in 3MSE g1.5 standard deviation of mean change score. Models were adjusted for age, education level, and baseline cognitive scores.ResultsWeekly and daily black tea drinkers were 24.8% and 12.4% of the study cohort, respectively. Fast cognitive decline occurred in 243 (6.3%) participants. Tea consumption was not associated with risk of cognitive decline, nor was tea associated with cognitive decline measured by absolute change in 3MSE scores.ConclusionsThere was no association of black tea consumption and cognitive decline among older men in the US.
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- 2018
118. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 by maternal plasma DNA sequencing.
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Eric Z Chen, Rossa W K Chiu, Hao Sun, Ranjit Akolekar, K C Allen Chan, Tak Y Leung, Peiyong Jiang, Yama W L Zheng, Fiona M F Lun, Lisa Y S Chan, Yongjie Jin, Attie T J I Go, Elizabeth T Lau, William W K To, Wing C Leung, Rebecca Y K Tang, Sidney K C Au-Yeung, Helena Lam, Yu Y Kung, Xiuqing Zhang, John M G van Vugt, Ryoko Minekawa, Mary H Y Tang, Jun Wang, Cees B M Oudejans, Tze K Lau, Kypros H Nicolaides, and Y M Dennis Lo
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing of DNA molecules in the plasma of pregnant women has been shown to allow accurate and noninvasive prenatal detection of fetal trisomy 21. However, whether the sequencing approach is as accurate for the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 13 and 18 is unclear due to the lack of data from a large sample set. We studied 392 pregnancies, among which 25 involved a trisomy 13 fetus and 37 involved a trisomy 18 fetus, by massively parallel sequencing. By using our previously reported standard z-score approach, we demonstrated that this approach could identify 36.0% and 73.0% of trisomy 13 and 18 at specificities of 92.4% and 97.2%, respectively. We aimed to improve the detection of trisomy 13 and 18 by using a non-repeat-masked reference human genome instead of a repeat-masked one to increase the number of aligned sequence reads for each sample. We then applied a bioinformatics approach to correct GC content bias in the sequencing data. With these measures, we detected all (25 out of 25) trisomy 13 fetuses at a specificity of 98.9% (261 out of 264 non-trisomy 13 cases), and 91.9% (34 out of 37) of the trisomy 18 fetuses at 98.0% specificity (247 out of 252 non-trisomy 18 cases). These data indicate that with appropriate bioinformatics analysis, noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 by maternal plasma DNA sequencing is achievable.
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- 2011
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119. Selective over-expression of endothelin-1 in endothelial cells exacerbates inner retinal edema and neuronal death in ischemic retina.
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Simon S F Cheung, Justin W C Leung, Amy K M Lam, Karen S L Lam, Stephen S M Chung, Amy C Y Lo, and Sookja K Chung
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The level of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, was associated with retinopathy under ischemia. The effects of endothelial endothelin-1 (ET-1) over-expression in a transgenic mouse model using Tie-1 promoter (TET-1 mice) on pathophysiological changes of retinal ischemia were investigated by intraluminal insertion of a microfilament up to middle cerebral artery (MCA) to transiently block the ophthalmic artery. Two-hour occlusion and twenty-two-hour reperfusion were performed in homozygous (Hm) TET-1 mice and their non-transgenic (NTg) littermates. Presence of pyknotic nuclei in ganglion cell layer (GCL) was investigated in paraffin sections of ipsilateral (ischemic) and contralateral (non-ischemic) retinae, followed by measurement of the thickness of inner retinal layer. Moreover, immunocytochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glutamine synthetase (GS) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) peptides on retinal sections were performed to study glial cell reactivity, glutamate metabolism and water accumulation, respectively after retinal ischemia. Similar morphology was observed in the contralateral retinae of NTg and Hm TET-1 mice, whereas ipsilateral retina of NTg mice showed slight structural and cellular changes compared with the corresponding contralateral retina. Ipsilateral retinae of Hm TET-1 mice showed more significant changes when compared with ipsilateral retina of NTg mice, including more prominent cell death in GCL characterized by the presence of pyknotic nuclei, elevated GS immunoreactivity in Müller cell bodies and processes, increased AQP-4 immunoreactivity in Müller cell processes, and increased inner retinal thickness. Thus, over-expression of endothelial ET-1 in TET-1 mice may contribute to increased glutamate-induced neurotoxicity on neuronal cells and water accumulation in inner retina leading to edema.
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- 2011
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120. European bone mineral density loci are also associated with BMD in East-Asian populations.
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Unnur Styrkarsdottir, Bjarni V Halldorsson, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Nelson L S Tang, Jung-Min Koh, Su-mei Xiao, Timothy C Y Kwok, Ghi Su Kim, Juliana C N Chan, Stacey Cherny, Seung Hun Lee, Anthony Kwok, Suzanne Ho, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Jelena Pop Kostic, Stefan Th Palsson, Gunnar Sigurdsson, Pak C Sham, Beom-Jun Kim, Annie W C Kung, Shin-Yoon Kim, Jean Woo, Ping-C Leung, Augustine Kong, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, and Kari Stefansson
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Most genome-wide association (GWA) studies have focused on populations of European ancestry with limited assessment of the influence of the sequence variants on populations of other ethnicities. To determine whether markers that we have recently shown to associate with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Europeans also associate with BMD in East-Asians we analysed 50 markers from 23 genomic loci in samples from Korea (n = 1,397) and two Chinese Hong Kong sample sets (n = 3,869 and n = 785). Through this effort we identified fourteen loci that associated with BMD in East-Asian samples using a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05; 1p36 (ZBTB40, P = 4.3×10(-9)), 1p31 (GPR177, P = 0.00012), 3p22 (CTNNB1, P = 0.00013), 4q22 (MEPE, P = 0.0026), 5q14 (MEF2C, P = 1.3×10(-5)), 6q25 (ESR1, P = 0.0011), 7p14 (STARD3NL, P = 0.00025), 7q21 (FLJ42280, P = 0.00017), 8q24 (TNFRSF11B, P = 3.4×10(-5)), 11p15 (SOX6, P = 0.00033), 11q13 (LRP5, P = 0.0033), 13q14 (TNFSF11, P = 7.5×10(-5)), 16q24 (FOXL1, P = 0.0010) and 17q21 (SOST, P = 0.015). Our study marks an early effort towards the challenge of cataloguing bone density variants shared by many ethnicities by testing BMD variants that have been established in Europeans, in East-Asians.
- Published
- 2010
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121. Structural Glass Beams with Embedded Glass Fibre Reinforcement
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C. Louter, C. Leung, H. Kolstein, and J. Vambersky
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reinforcement ,embedded ,glass fibre ,laminate ,interlayer ,beam ,Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass ,TP785-869 - Abstract
This paper investigates the possibilities of pultruded glass fibre rods as embedded reinforcement in SentryGlas (SG) laminated glass beams. To do so, a series of pullout tests, to investigate the bond strength of the rods to the laminate, and a series of beam tests, to investigate the post-breakage response of the beams, have been performed. Both test series have been conducted for round E-glass fibre rods and flat S-glass fibre rods. The pull-out tests showed superior pull-out strength of the flat rods, due to their large bond area. Furthermore, the beam tests showed superior post-breakage performance of the beams with the flat rods, due to higher strength and stiffness of the S-glass fibres. Overall, it is concluded that embedding glass fibre reinforcement in a SG-laminated glass beam is a very promising concept.
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- 2010
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122. Wild type and mutant 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) viruses cause more severe disease and higher mortality in pregnant BALB/c mice.
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Kwok-Hung Chan, Anna J X Zhang, Kelvin K W To, Chris C S Chan, Vincent K M Poon, Kunyuan Guo, Fai Ng, Qi-Wei Zhang, Virtual H C Leung, Annie N Y Cheung, Candy C Y Lau, Patrick C Y Woo, Herman Tse, Wailan Wu, Honglin Chen, Bo-Jian Zheng, and Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pregnant women infected by the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus had more severe disease and higher mortality but its pathogenesis is still unclear. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We showed that higher mortality, more severe pneumonitis, higher pulmonary viral load, lower peripheral blood T lymphocytes and antibody responses, higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and worse fetal development occurred in pregnant mice than non-pregnant controls infected by either wild type (clinical isolate) or mouse-adapted mutant virus with D222G substitution in hemagglutinin. These disease-associated changes and the lower respiratory tract involvement were worse in pregnant mice challenged by mutant virus. Though human placental origin JEG-3 cell line could be infected and proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines were elevated in amniotic fluid of some mice, no placental or fetal involvement by virus were detected by culture, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or histopathological changes. Dual immunofluorescent staining of viral nucleoprotein and type II alveolar cell marker SP-C protein suggested that the majority of infected alveolar epithelial cells were type II pneumocytes. CONCLUSION: The adverse effect of this pandemic virus on maternal and fetal outcome is largely related to the severe pulmonary disease and the indirect effect of inflammatory cytokine spillover into the systemic circulation.
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- 2010
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123. Be Careful, Mom and Doc: Hepatotoxicity Associated with Prescribed Medications in Young Infants
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Kam-Lun Ellis Hon and Alexander K. C. Leung
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Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Published
- 2009
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124. GC content increased at CpG flanking positions of fish genes compared with sea squirt orthologs as a mechanism for reducing impact of DNA methylation.
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Yong Wang and Frederick C C Leung
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fractional DNA methylation in sea squirts evolved to global DNA methylation in fish. The impact of global DNA methylation is reflected by more CpG depletions and/or more A/T to G/C changes at CpG flanking positions due to context-dependent mutations of methylated CpG sites. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In this report, we demonstrate that the sea squirt genes have undergone more CpG to TpG/CpA substitutions than the fish orthologs using homologous fragments from orthologous genes among Ciona intestinalis, Ciona savignyi, fugufish and zebrafish. To avoid premature transcription, the TGA sites derived from CGA were largely converted to TGG in sea squirt genes. By contrast, a significant increment of GC content at CpG flanking positions was shown in fish genes. The positively selected A/T to G/C substitutions, in combination with the CpG to TpG/CpA substitutions, are the sources of the extremely low CpG observed/expected ratios in vertebrates. The nonsynonymous substitutions caused by the GC content increase have resulted in frequent amino acid replacements in the directions that were not noticed previously. CONCLUSION: The increased GC content at CpG flanking positions can reduce CpG loss in fish genes and attenuate the impact of DNA methylation on CpG-containing codons, probably accounting for evolution towards vertebrates.
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- 2008
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125. Computer Program for Automatically Calculating Similarity Indexes from DNA Fingerprints
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E. Scott Archer and Frederick C. Leung
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
DNA SimdexTM Version 2.1 is a third-generation Windows® computer program that uses sophisticated image-analysis techniques to automatically locate bands on electrophoresis gel images and calculate similarity indexes. Here we give a functional description of the program.
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- 1998
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126. EFFECT OF 6-YEAR TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS WITH ZOLEDRONIC ACID 5MG (ACLASTA) COMPARED WITH THE 3-YEAR-TREATMENT, RESULTS OF EXTENDED HORIZON PFT STUDY
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D M Black, I R Reid, S Boonen, C Bucci-Rechtweg, J A Cauley, F Cosman, S R Cummings, T F Hue, K Lippuner, P Lakatos, P C Leung, Z Man, R Martinez, M Tan, M E Ruzycky, G Su, and R Eastell
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Osteopathy ,RZ301-397.5 - Published
- 2012
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127. Elderly males with or without existing osteoporotic vertebral fracture have much lower future vertebral fracture risk than elderly females: the MrOS (Hong Kong) year-4 follow-up spine radiograph study
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Y X J, Wáng, N, Che-Nordin, M, Deng, J F, Griffith, J C S, Leung, A W L, Kwok, P C, Leung, and T C Y, Kwok
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Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Severity of Illness Index ,Spinal Curvatures ,Radiography ,Editorial Commentary ,Sex Factors ,Bone Density ,Recurrence ,Risk Factors ,Disease Progression ,Hong Kong ,Humans ,Spinal Fractures ,Female ,Prospective Studies ,Osteoporotic Fractures ,Aged ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
MrOS (Hong Kong)'s year-4 follow-up shows, for subjects at baseline without vertebral deformity (VD) and endplate or/and cortex fracture (ECF), the VD progression/new VD rate during follow-up in males was half of our paired MsOS (Hong Kong) study's results. For those with VD or ECF, the VD progression/new VD was less than one sixth of females' rate.This study documents MrOS (Hong Kong)'s year-4 follow-up, and the results are compared with the MsOS (Hong Kong) study. Of elderly females with Genant's grade-0, -1, -2, and -3 VD, at year-4 follow-up, 4.6%, 8%, 10.6%, and 28.9% had at least one VD progression or incident VD, respectively.Spine radiographs of 1500 Chinese males with baseline (mean age 71.7 years, range 65-91 years) and year-4 follow-up were evaluated according to Genant's VD criteria and ECF (non-existent, ECF0; or existent, ECF1). Grade-2 VDs were divided into mild (VD2m, 25-34% height loss) and severe (VD2s, 34-40% height loss) subgroups. Study subjects were graded into eight categories: VD0/ECF0, VD1/ECF0, VD2m/ECF0, VD0/ECF1, VD1/ECF1, VD2m/ECF1, VD2s/ECF1, and VD3/ECF1. With an existing VD, a further height loss of ≥ 15% was a VD progression. A new VD incident was a change from grade-0 to grade-2/3, or to grade-1 with ≥ 10% height loss.Of subjects with Genant's grade-0, 2.05% (25/1219) developed at least one VD progression or/and new VD, while of subjects with Genant's grade-1, -2, and -3 VD, only 2% (3/149), 3.1% (3/96), and 2.8% (1/36) developed at least one VD progression/new VD, respectively. Among the three ECF0 groups, there was a significant difference in new ECF incidence, with VD0/ECF0 being the lowest and VD2m/ECF0 being the highest.VD progression/new VD is much less common in elderly men than in elderly women. Vertebrae with VD had a higher risk of developing ECF.
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- 2019
128. LEChENIE BISFOSFONATAMI I PERELOMy PODVERTEL'NOY ILI DIAFIZARNOY OBLASTEY BEDRENNOY KOSTI
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D. M. BLACK, M P KELLY, H. K. GENANT, L PALERMO, R EASTELL, C BUCCI-RECHTWEG, J CAULEY, P C. LEUNG, S BOONEN, A SANTORA, A DE PAPP, and D. C. BAUER
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Osteopathy ,RZ301-397.5 - Published
- 2011
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129. Publisher Correction: GWAS of bone size yields twelve loci that also affect height, BMD, osteoarthritis or fractures
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Inger Byrjalsen, Nelson L.S. Tang, Ingileif Jonsdottir, P. C. Leung, Kristinn Juliusson, John Loughlin, L. Stefan Lohmander, Jean Woo, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Patrick Sulem, Jung-Min Koh, Timothy Kwok, Jenny S.W. Lee, Tuan V. Nguyen, Arna B Agustsdottir, Hilma Holm, Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir, Suzanne C. Ho, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson, Joyce B. J. van Meurs, Seung-Hun Lee, Katerina Trajanoska, Lilja Stefansdottir, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Cindy G. Boer, Olafur A. Stefansson, Helgi Jonsson, Florian Zink, Rafn Benediktsson, Hakon Jonsson, Lorraine Southam, Fernando Rivadeneira, Brynjolfur Mogensen, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Kristjan Norland, Sigrun H. Lund, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, André G. Uitterlinden, Eleftheria Zeggini, John A. Eisman, Gisli Masson, Lan T. Ho-Pham, Claus Christiansen, Arnaldur Gylfason, Thorvaldur Ingvarsson, Stefania Benonisdottir, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, Gunnar Sigurdsson, and Jason Leung
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0301 basic medicine ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Published Erratum ,Science ,MEDLINE ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Genome-wide association study ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Affect (psychology) ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Medicine ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Demography - Abstract
The original HTML version of this Article was updated shortly after publication to add links to the Peer Review file.In addition, affiliations 16 and 17 incorrectly read ‘School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, WA, 6160, Australia’ and ‘St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.’ This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
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- 2019
130. The effect of 6-year osteoporosis treatment withzoledronic 5 mg (aclasta) in comparison with 3-yeartreatment: results from the horizon-pft.
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D Black, I. R. Reid, J. A. Cauley, S Boonen, F Cosman, P C Leung, P Lakatos, Z Man, S. R. Cummings, T. F. Hue, M. E. Ruzycky, R Martinez, G Su, C Bucci-Rechtweg, and R Eastell
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Osteopathy ,RZ301-397.5 - Published
- 2011
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131. Cortical thinning and progressive cortical porosity in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on long-term glucocorticoids: a 2-year case-control study
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Anthony W.L. Kwok, S.-K. Au, T.-N. Fong, V. W. Y. Hung, James F. Griffith, P. C. Leung, X. L. Tang, Tracy Y. Zhu, Ling Qin, Edmund K. Li, E. W. Kun, and Lai-Shan Tam
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Osteoporosis ,Cortical thinning ,Absorptiometry, Photon ,Cortical porosity ,Bone Density ,immune system diseases ,Internal medicine ,Female patient ,medicine ,Humans ,Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Glucocorticoids ,Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ,Bone mineral ,business.industry ,Case-control study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Rheumatology ,Radius ,Trabecular microstructure ,Endocrinology ,Premenopause ,Case-Control Studies ,Disease Progression ,Female ,sense organs ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Porosity - Abstract
In this study, we characterized longitudinal changes of volumetric bone mineral density and cortical and trabecular microstructure at the distal radius using HR-pQCT in female systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients on long-term glucocorticoids. Cortical thinning and increased cortical porosity are the major features of longitudinal microstructural deterioration in SLE patients.The study aims to characterize longitudinal changes of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone microstructure at distal radius in female systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients on long-term glucocorticoids.This 2-year case-control study consisted of 166 premenopausal subjects (75 SLE patients and 91 controls) and 79 postmenopausal subjects (44 SLE patients and 35 controls). We obtained areal BMD (aBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at multiple skeletal sites and indices of vBMD and microstructure at distal radius by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) at baseline, 12 and 24 months.In either premenopausal or postmenopausal subjects, changes in aBMD did not differ between patients and controls except that decrease in aBMD at total hip at 24 months in premenopausal patients was significantly higher. In premenopausal subjects, decrease in cortical area (-0.51 vs. -0.06 %, p = 0.039) and thickness (-0.63 vs. 0.02 %, p = 0.031) and increase in cortical porosity (21.7 vs. 7.16 %, p = 0.030) over study period were significantly larger in patients after adjustment of age and body mass index. Decreased in trabecular vBMD was significantly less (-0.63 vs. -2.32 %, p = 0.001) with trabecular microstructure better maintained in patients. In postmenopausal subjects, decrease in cortical vBMD (-2.66 vs. -1.56 %, p = 0.039) and increase in cortical porosity (41.6 vs. 16.3 %, p = 0.021) were significantly higher in patients, and there was no group-wise difference in change of trabecular microstructure.Longitudinal microstructural deterioration in SLE is characterized by cortical thinning and increased cortical porosity. Cortical bone is an important source of bone loss in SLE patients on glucocorticoids.
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- 2015
132. Visual Genome Explorer™: A Comparative Visual Interface to Genome Data
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E. Scott Archer, Lester W. Yee, and Frederick C. Leung
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
In response to the deluge of genome data, we are developing Visual Genome Explorer™, an interactive graphical interface to genome data. Given is a description of the prototype program, which introduces the concept of visual comparative genomics for complete bacterial genomes.
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- 1997
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133. Density, structure, and strength of the distal radius in patients with psoriatic arthritis: the role of inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors
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James F. Griffith, T.-N. Fong, Ling Qin, S.-K. Au, V. W. Y. Hung, P. C. Leung, Lai-Shan Tam, Anthony W.L. Kwok, Tracy Y. Zhu, and Edmund K. Li
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Osteoporosis ,Urology ,Psoriatic arthritis ,Absorptiometry, Photon ,Bone Density ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Quantitative computed tomography ,Femoral neck ,Inflammation ,Bone mineral ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Arthritis, Psoriatic ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Rheumatology ,Surgery ,Radius ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Case-Control Studies ,Orthopedic surgery ,Female ,Cortical bone ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Osteoporotic Fractures - Abstract
We investigated the densitometric and microstructural features of the distal radius in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. PsA patients have unique bone microstructural deficits, manifested as lower cortical bone density and higher cortical porosity, which are associated with a propensity to bone fragility. The aim of this study was to investigate the densitometric, geometric, microstructural, and biomechanical features of the distal radius in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. This study cohort consisted of 53 PsA patients (24 males and 29 females), with an average age of 53.1 years and 53 gender- and age-matched controls. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of the hip, lumbar spine, and ultradistal radius was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) was performed at the distal radius to obtain measures of volumetric BMD (vBMD), microstructure, and derived biomechanical indices. There were no significant between-group differences in aBMD at the femoral neck, total hip, and ultradistal radius, while aBMD at the lumbar spine was significantly higher in patients. The only indices indicating compromised bone quality in PsA patients were related to cortical bone quality. Cortical vBMD were −3.8 % significantly lower, while cortical pore volume, porosity index, and pore diameter were 108, 79.5, and 8.6 %, respectively, significantly higher in patients. Cortical stress was marginally lower (−1.3 %, p = 0.077) in patients with stress significantly more unevenly distributed (4.9 %, p = 0.035). Endocortical perimeter and cortical pore volume were significantly higher in patients with vertebral fracture. Deficits in cortical bone quality were associated with indices of disease activity/severity and were more prominent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension. There is an intertwined relationship between chronic inflammation, cardiovascular risk factors, and bone loss in PsA. PsA patients seem to have unique bone microstructural deficits which are associated with a propensity to bone fragility.
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- 2014
134. Effects of 18-month low-magnitude high-frequency vibration on fall rate and fracture risks in 710 community elderly—a cluster-randomized controlled trial
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T. K. Choy, P. C. Leung, Yee Kit Tse, Vivian Wing-Yin Hung, A. H. C. Leung, S. Y. Chan, Kwok-Sui Leung, Wing-Hoi Cheung, and C. Y. Li
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Osteoporosis ,Poison control ,Vibration ,Quadriceps Muscle ,law.invention ,Quality of life ,Randomized controlled trial ,Bone Density ,Risk Factors ,law ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,Single-Blind Method ,Muscle Strength ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Postural Balance ,Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ,Aged ,Bone mineral ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Treatment Outcome ,Quality of Life ,Physical therapy ,Accidental Falls ,Female ,business ,Osteoporotic Fractures ,Fall prevention - Abstract
This study is a prospective cluster-randomized controlled clinical trial involving 710 elderly subjects to investigate the long-term effects of low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) on fall and fracture rates, muscle performance, and bone quality. The results confirmed that LMHFV is effective in reducing fall incidence and enhancing muscle performance in the elderly. Falls are direct causes of fragility fracture in the elderly. LMHFV has been shown to improve muscle function and bone quality. This study is to investigate the efficacy of LMHFV in preventing fall and fractures among the elderly in the community. A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted with 710 postmenopausal females over 60 years. A total of 364 participants received daily 20 min LMHFV (35 Hz, 0.3 g), 5 days/week for 18 months; 346 participants served as control. Fall or fracture rate was taken as the primary outcome. Also, quadriceps muscle strength, balancing abilities, bone mineral density (BMD), and quality of life (QoL) assessments were done at 0, 9, and 18 months. With an average of 66.0 % compliance in the vibration group, 18.6 % of 334 vibration group subjects reported fall or fracture incidences compared with 28.7 % of 327 in the control (adjusted HR = 0.56, p = 0.001). The fracture rate of vibration and control groups were 1.1 and 2.3 % respectively (p = 0.171). Significant improvements were found in reaction time, movement velocity, and maximum excursion of balancing ability assessment, and also the quadriceps muscle strength (p
- Published
- 2014
135. Effect of combined use of Fructus Schisandrae and statin on high-fat-diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats
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E, Wat, C F, Ng, C L, Liu, C, Zhang, C M, Koon, C P, Lau, C W, Wong, K Y, Pang, X, Zhang, K P, Fung, C Bs, Lau, and P C, Leung
- Subjects
Male ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,Plant Extracts ,Atorvastatin ,Animals ,Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ,Diet, High-Fat ,Phytotherapy ,Rats ,Schisandra - Published
- 2016
136. International and ethnic variability of falls in older men
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Marcia L. Stefanick, Jane A. Cauley, Eva L. Ribom, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Östen Ljunggren, Hans Mallmin, Claes Ohlsson, Edith M. C. Lau, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, P. C. Leung, Dan Mellström, Björn E. Rosengren, Caroline Karlsson, Magnus Karlsson, Mattias Lorentzon, Thord Vonschewelov, Eric S. Orwoll, and Maria Cöster
- Subjects
Male ,Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Ethnic group ,men ,Poison control ,Logistic regression ,Occupational safety and health ,occasional ,Fractures, Bone ,Age Distribution ,recurrent ,Residence Characteristics ,Risk Factors ,falls ,Injury prevention ,Epidemiology ,Ethnicity ,older ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,Sweden ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Retrospective cohort study ,General Medicine ,fractures ,United States ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Hong Kong ,Accidental Falls ,epidemiology ,Residence ,business - Abstract
Aims: Fallers and especially recurrent fallers are at high risk for injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate fall epidemiology in older men with special attention to the influence of age, ethnicity and country of residence. Methods: 10,998 men aged 65 years or above recruited in Hong Kong, the United States (US) and Sweden were evaluated in a cross-sectional retrospective study design. Self-reported falls and fractures for the preceding 12 months were registered through questionnaires. Group comparisons were done by chi-square test or logistic regression. Results: The proportion of fallers among the total population was 16.5% in ages 65–69, 24.8% in ages 80–84 and 43.2% in ages above 90 ( P
- Published
- 2013
137. The functional muscle–bone unit in subjects of varying BMD
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L. Xu, Heather T. Ma, James F. Griffith, and P. C. Leung
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Adult ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Osteoporosis ,Muscle mass ,Absorptiometry, Photon ,Bone Density ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ,Reduction (orthopedic surgery) ,Aged ,Bone mineral ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,business.industry ,Organ Size ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Rheumatology ,Orthopedic surgery ,Bone mineral content ,Female ,Lumbar spine ,business - Abstract
This study used the “functional muscle–bone unit” concept to investigate muscle–bone interaction of the lumbar spine in subjects of varying bone mineral density. It was found that unit bone mass corresponded to a relatively more muscle mass in subjects with reduced bone mineral density, indicating a relatively higher mechanical load from muscles exerted on trabecular bone. Bone is an architecturally adaptive tissue which responds to mechanical loading. This study is proposed to use “functional muscle–bone unit” to reflect this muscle–bone interaction at spine in subjects with different bone mineral density. The study was carried out in young normal subjects (21 females; age, 29 ± 3) and elderly subjects (155 females; age, 73 ± 3.9) with varying bone mineral density. Cross-sectional area of paravertebral muscle groups was measured in MR images to indicate the muscle mass, while the bone mineral content by dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to represent the bone mass. The functional muscle–bone unit was calculated as the ratio between the bone mass to muscle mass. It showed that with aging, the muscle mass decreased with the bone mass losing. However, more pronounced reduction was found in bone mass than in muscle mass in the subjects with lower bone mineral density. Muscle–bone interaction was changed in elderly, especially in those with osteoporosis. Unit bone mass corresponded to a higher muscle mass in subjects with reduced bone mineral density than those normal subjects. This may be contributory to the occurrence of nontraumatic vertebral fractures in elderly subjects with reduced bone mineral density.
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- 2013
138. Reproductive endocrinology
- Author
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A. Nazzaro, A. Salerno, L. Di Iorio, G. Landino, S. Marino, E. Pastore, F. Fabregues, A. Iraola, G. Casals, M. Creus, S. Peralta, J. Penarrubia, D. Manau, S. Civico, J. Balasch, I. Lindgren, Y. L. Giwercman, E. Celik, I. Turkcuoglu, B. Ata, A. Karaer, P. Kirici, B. Berker, J. Park, J. Kim, J. Rhee, M. Krishnan, O. Rustamov, R. Russel, C. Fitzgerald, S. Roberts, S. Hapuarachi, B. K. Tan, R. S. Mathur, A. van de Vijver, C. Blockeel, M. Camus, N. Polyzos, L. Van Landuyt, H. Tournaye, N. O. Turhan, D. Hizli, Z. Kamalak, A. Kosus, N. Kosus, H. Kafali, A. Lukaszuk, M. Kunicki, J. Liss, A. Bednarowska, G. Jakiel, K. Lukaszuk, M. Lukaszuk, B. Olszak-Sokolowska, T. Wasniewski, M. Neuberg, V. Cavalcanti, C. Peluso, B. L. Lechado, E. B. Cordts, D. M. Christofolini, C. P. Barbosa, B. Bianco, C. A. Venetis, E. M. Kolibianakis, J. Bosdou, B. C. Tarlatzis, M. Onal, D. N. Gungor, M. Acet, S. Kahraman, E. Kuijper, J. Twisk, M. Caanen, T. Korsen, P. Hompes, M. Kushnir, A. Rockwood, W. Meikle, C. B. Lambalk, X. Yan, X. Dai, J. Wang, N. Zhao, Y. Cui, J. Liu, F. Yarde, A. H. E. M. Maas, A. Franx, M. J. C. Eijkemans, J. T. Drost, B. B. van Rijn, J. van Eyck, Y. T. van der Schouw, F. J. M. Broekmans, F. Martyn, B. Anglim, M. Wingfield, T. Fang, G. J. Yan, H. X. Sun, Y. L. Hu, J. Chrudimska, P. Krenkova, M. Macek, J. Teixeira da Silva, M. Cunha, J. Silva, P. Viana, A. Goncalves, N. Barros, C. Oliveira, M. Sousa, A. Barros, S. M. Nelson, S. M. Lloyd, A. McConnachie, A. Khader, R. Fleming, D. A. Lawlor, L. Thuesen, A. N. Andersen, A. Loft, J. Smitz, M. Abdel-Rahman, S. Ismail, J. Silk, M. Abdellah, A. H. Abdellah, F. Ruiz, M. Cruz, M. Piro, D. Collado, J. A. Garcia-Velasco, A. Requena, Z. Kollmann, N. A. Bersinger, B. McKinnon, S. Schneider, M. D. Mueller, M. von Wolff, A. Vaucher, B. Weiss, P. Stute, U. Marti, J. Chai, W. Y. T. Yeung, C. Y. V. Lee, W. H. R. Li, P. C. Ho, H. Y. E. Ng, S. M. Kim, S. H. Kim, B. C. Jee, S. Ku, C. S. Suh, Y. M. Choi, J. G. Kim, S. Y. Moon, J. H. Lee, S. G. Kim, Y. Y. Kim, H. J. Kim, K. H. Lee, I. H. Park, H. G. Sun, Y. I. Hwang, N. Y. Sung, M. H. Choi, S. H. Cha, C. W. Park, J. Y. Kim, K. M. Yang, I. O. Song, M. K. Koong, I. S. Kang, H. O. Kim, C. Haines, W. Y. Wong, W. S. Kong, L. P. Cheung, T. K. Choy, P. C. Leung, R. Fadini, G. Coticchio, M. M. Renzini, M. C. Guglielmo, F. Brambillasca, A. Hourvitz, D. F. Albertini, P. Novara, M. Merola, M. Dal Canto, J. A. A. Iza, J. L. DePablo, C. Anarte, A. Domingo, E. Abanto, G. Barrenetxea, R. Kato, S. Kawachiya, D. Bodri, M. Kondo, T. Matsumoto, L. G. L. Maldonado, A. S. Setti, D. P. A. F. Braga, A. Iaconelli, E. Borges, C. Iaconelli, R. C. S. Figueira, K. Kitaya, S. Taguchi, M. Funabiki, Y. Tada, T. Hayashi, Y. Nakamura, M. Snajderova, D. Zemkova, V. Lanska, L. Teslik, R. N. - Calonge, L. Ortega, A. Garcia, S. Cortes, A. Guijarro, P. C. Peregrin, M. Bellavia, M. H. Pesant, D. Wirthner, L. Portman, D. de Ziegler, D. Wunder, X. Chen, S. H. L. Chen, Y. D. Liu, T. Tao, L. J. Xu, X. L. Tian, D. S. H. Ye, Y. X. He, A. Carby, E. Barsoum, S. El-Shawarby, G. Trew, S. Lavery, N. Mishieva, N. Barkalina, I. Korneeva, T. Ivanets, A. Abubakirov, R. Chavoshinejad, G. m. Hartshorne, W. Marei, A. a. Fouladi-nashta, G. Kyrkou, E. Trakakis, C. H. Chrelias, E. Alexiou, K. Lykeridou, G. Mastorakos, N. Bersinger, H. Ferrero, R. Gomez, C. M. Garcia-Pascual, C. Simon, A. Pellicer, A. Turienzo, B. Lledo, J. Guerrero, J. A. Ortiz, R. Morales, J. Ten, J. Llacer, R. Bernabeu, V. De Leo, R. Focarelli, A. Capaldo, A. Stendardi, L. Gambera, A. L. Marca, P. Piomboni, J. J. Kim, J. H. Kang, K. R. Hwang, S. J. Chae, S. H. Yoon, S. Y. Ku, S. Iliodromiti, T. W. Kelsey, R. A. Anderson, H. J. Lee, A. Weghofer, V. A. Kushnir, A. Shohat-Tal, E. Lazzaroni, D. H. Barad, N. N. Gleicher, T. Shavit, E. Shalom-Paz, O. Fainaru, M. Michaeli, E. Kartchovsky, A. Ellenbogen, J. Gerris, F. Vandekerckhove, A. Delvigne, N. Dhont, B. Madoc, J. Neyskens, M. Buyle, E. Vansteenkiste, E. De Schepper, L. Pil, N. Van Keirsbilck, W. Verpoest, D. Debacquer, L. Annemans, P. De Sutter, M. Von Wolff, N. a. Bersinger, F. F. Verit, S. Keskin, A. K. Sargin, S. Karahuseyinoglu, O. Yucel, S. Yalcinkaya, A. N. Comninos, C. N. Jayasena, G. M. K. Nijher, A. Abbara, A. De Silva, J. D. Veldhuis, R. Ratnasabapathy, C. Izzi-Engbeaya, A. Lim, D. A. Patel, M. A. Ghatei, S. R. Bloom, W. S. Dhillo, M. Colodron, J. J. Guillen, D. Garcia, O. Coll, R. Vassena, V. Vernaeve, H. Pazoki, G. Bolouri, F. Farokhi, M. A. Azarbayjani, M. S. Alebic, N. Stojanovic, R. Abali, A. Yuksel, C. Aktas, C. Celik, S. Guzel, G. Erfan, O. Sahin, H. Zhongying, L. Shangwei, M. Qianhong, F. Wei, L. Lei, X. Zhun, W. Yan, A. De Baerdemaeker, K. Tilleman, S. Vansteelandt, J. B. A. Oliveira, R. L. R. Baruffi, C. G. Petersen, A. L. Mauri, A. M. Nascimento, L. Vagnini, J. Ricci, M. Cavagna, F. C. Massaro, A. Pontes, J. G. Franco, W. El-khayat, M. Elsadek, F. Foroozanfard, H. Saberi, A. Moravvegi, M. Kazemi, Y. S. Gidoni, A. Raziel, S. Friedler, D. Strassburger, D. Hadari, E. Kasterstein, I. Ben-Ami, D. Komarovsky, B. Maslansky, O. Bern, R. Ron-El, M. P. Izquierdo, F. Araico, O. Somova, O. Feskov, I. Feskova, I. Bezpechnaya, I. Zhylkova, O. Tishchenko, S. K. Oguic, D. P. Baldani, L. Skrgatic, V. Simunic, H. Vrcic, D. Rogic, J. Juras, M. S. Goldstein, L. Garcia De Miguel, M. C. Campo, A. Gurria, J. Alonso, A. Serrano, E. Marban, L. Shalev, Y. Yung, G. Yerushalmi, C. Giovanni, J. Has, E. Maman, M. Monterde, A. Marzal, O. Vega, J. m. Rubio, C. Diaz-Garcia, A. Eapen, A. Datta, A. Kurinchi-selvan, H. Birch, G. M. Lockwood, M. C. Ornek, U. Ates, T. Usta, C. P. Goksedef, A. Bruszczynska, J. Glowacka, K. Jaguszewska, S. Oehninger, S. Nelson, P. Verweij, B. Stegmann, H. Ando, T. Takayanagi, H. Minamoto, N. Suzuki, N. Rubinshtein, S. Saltek, B. Demir, B. Dilbaz, C. Demirtas, W. Kutteh, B. Shapiro, H. Witjes, K. Gordon, M. P. Lauritsen, A. Pinborg, N. L. Freiesleben, A. L. Mikkelsen, M. R. Bjerge, P. Chakraborty, S. K. Goswami, B. N. Chakravarty, M. Mittal, R. Bajoria, N. Narvekar, R. Chatterjee, J. G. Bentzen, T. H. Johannsen, T. Scheike, L. Friis-Hansen, S. Sunkara, A. Coomarasamy, R. Faris, P. Braude, Y. Khalaf, A. Makedos, S. Masouridou, K. Chatzimeletiou, L. Zepiridis, A. Mitsoli, G. Lainas, I. Sfontouris, A. Tzamtzoglou, D. Kyrou, T. Lainas, A. Fermin, L. Crisol, A. Exposito, B. Prieto, R. Mendoza, R. Matorras, Y. Louwers, O. Lao, M. Kayser, A. Palumbo, V. Sanabria, J. P. Rouleau, M. Puopolo, M. J. Hernandez, J. M. Rubio, S. Ozturk, B. Sozen, A. Yaba-Ucar, D. Mutlu, N. Demir, H. Olsson, R. Sandstrom, L. Grundemar, E. Papaleo, L. Corti, E. Rabellotti, V. S. Vanni, M. Potenza, M. Molgora, P. Vigano, M. Candiani, M. Fernandez-Sanchez, E. Bosch, H. Visnova, P. Barri, B. J. C. M. Fauser, J. C. Arce, P. Peluso, C. M. Trevisan, F. A. Fonseca, P. Bakas, N. Vlahos, D. Hassiakos, D. Tzanakaki, O. Gregoriou, A. Liapis, G. Creatsas, E. Adda-Herzog, J. Steffann, S. Sebag-Peyrelevade, M. Poulain, A. Benachi, R. Fanchin, D. Zhang, F. Aybar, S. Temel, O. Hamdine, N. S. Macklon, J. S. Laven, B. J. Cohlen, A. Verhoeff, P. A. van Dop, R. E. Bernardus, G. J. E. Oosterhuis, C. A. G. Holleboom, G. C. van den Dool-Maasland, H. J. Verburg, P. F. M. van der Heijden, A. Blankhart, B. C. J. M. Fauser, F. J. Broekmans, J. Bhattacharya, A. Mitra, G. B. Dutta, A. Kundu, M. Bhattacharya, S. Kundu, P. Pigny, A. Dassonneville, S. Catteau-Jonard, C. Decanter, D. Dewailly, J. Pouly, F. Olivennes, N. Massin, M. Celle, N. Caizergues, M. Gaudoin, M. Messow, L. Vanhove, M. Peigne, P. Thomas, and G. Robin
- Subjects
Gynecology ,Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Index (economics) ,Reproductive Medicine ,business.industry ,Rehabilitation ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Medicine ,Stimulation ,business - Abstract
Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Ctr Human Reprod Prof Franco Jr, Paulista Ctr Diag Res & Training, Dept Gynecol & Obstet,Botucatu Med Sch, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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- 2013
139. Racial/ethnic differences in bone mineral density among older women
- Author
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Alan L. Patrick, P. C. Leung, Joseph M. Zmuda, Hae-Sung Nam, Sun-Seog Kweon, Li-Yung Lui, Jin-Su Choi, Jane A. Cauley, and Deanna D. Hill
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,Gerontology ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bone density ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Age adjustment ,Ethnic group ,Black People ,White People ,Article ,Endocrinology ,Asian People ,Bone Density ,Epidemiology ,Humans ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Life Style ,Aged ,Demography ,Femoral neck ,Bone mineral ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,General Medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Orthopedic surgery ,Female ,Racial/ethnic difference ,business - Abstract
The epidemiologic information regarding international differences in bone mineral density (BMD) in women is currently insufficient. We compared BMD in older women across five racial/ethnic groups in four countries. The femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine BMD were measured in women (aged 65–74 years) from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) (5,035 Caucasian women and 256 African American women in the US), the Tobago Women’s Health Study (116 Afro-Caribbean women), the Ms Os Hong Kong Study (794 Hong Kong Chinese women) and the Namwon Study (1,377 South Korean women). BMD was corrected according to the cross-site calibration results for all scanners. When compared with US Caucasian women, the age adjusted mean BMD measurements at the hip sites were 21–31 % higher among Tobago Afro-Caribbean women and 13–23 % higher among African American women. The total hip and spine BMD values were 4–5 % lower among Hong Kong Chinese women and 4–7 % lower among South Korean women compared to US Caucasians. The femoral neck BMD was similar in Hong Kong Chinese women, but higher among South Korean women compared to US Caucasians. Current/past estrogen use was a significant contributing factor to the difference in BMD between US versus non-US women. Differences in body weight partially explained the difference in BMD between Asian versus non-Asian women. These findings show substantial racial/ethnic differences in BMD even within African or Asian origin individuals, and highlight the contributing role of body weight and estrogen use to the geographic and racial/ethnic variation in BMD.
- Published
- 2012
140. Does Acupuncture Therapy Alter Activation of Neural Pathway for Pain Perception in Irritable Bowel Syndrome?: A Comparative Study of True and Sham Acupuncture Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Yawen Chan, Lixing Lao, Raymond Ky Tong, P. C. Leung, Brian Berman, David Kw Yeung, Lin Shi, Joseph J.Y. Sung, Justin C.Y. Wu, Liang Zhang, Winnie Cw Chu, David Tw Yew, and Defeng Wang
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Electroacupuncture ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Thalamus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cortex (anatomy) ,medicine ,Acupuncture ,Prefrontal cortex ,Irritable bowel syndrome ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Anesthesia ,Original Article ,Neurology (clinical) ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,business ,Insula ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background/Aims Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are characterized by abnormal central processing with altered brain activation in response to visceral nociceptive signals. The effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on IBS patients is unclear. The study is set to study the effect of EA on brain activation during noxious rectal distension in IBS patients using a randomized sham-controlled model. Methods Thirty IBS-diarrhea patients were randomized to true electroacupuncture or sham acupuncture. Functional MRI was performed to evaluate cerebral activation at the following time points: (1) baseline when there was rectal distension only, (2) rectal distension during application of EA, (3) rectal distension after cessation of EA and (4) EA alone with no rectal distension. Group comparison was made under each condition using SPM5 program. Results Rectal distension induced significant activation of the anterior cingulated cortex, prefrontal cortex, thalamus, temporal regions and cerebellum at baseline. During and immediately after EA, increased cerebral activation from baseline was observed in the anterior cingulated cortex, bilateral prefrontal cortex, thalamus, temporal regions and right insula in both groups. However, true electroacupuncture led to significantly higher activation at right insula, as well as pulvinar and medial nucleus of the thalamus when compared to sham acupuncture. Conclusions We postulate that acupuncture might have the potential effect of pain modulation in IBS by 2 actions: (1) modulation of serotonin pathway at insula and (2) modulation of mood and affection in higher cortical center via ascending pathway at the pulvinar and medial nucleus of the thalamus.
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- 2012
141. Prevalence and risk factors of radiographic vertebral fractures in elderly Chinese men and women: results of Mr. OS (Hong Kong) and Ms. OS (Hong Kong) studies
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Anthony W.L. Kwok, Y-X J Wang, James F. Griffith, Jason Leung, J-S. Gong, Timothy Kwok, and P. C. Leung
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bone density ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Osteoporosis ,Lumbar vertebrae ,Spinal Curvatures ,Age Distribution ,Bone Density ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Epidemiology ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Low back pain ,Vertebra ,Surgery ,Radiography ,Bone Diseases, Metabolic ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Orthopedic surgery ,Hong Kong ,Spinal Fractures ,Female ,Hip Joint ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Osteoporotic Fractures ,Cohort study - Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of radiographic vertebral fractures using Genant’s semiquantitative (SQ) scoring system in elderly Chinese men (n = 2,000; mean age, 72.4 years) and women (n = 2,000; mean age, 72.6 years). Vertebral deformities had similar prevalence in elderly men (14.9 %) and women (16.5 %). Majority of the deformities in men were mild (9.9 %, grade = 1). The prevalence of vertebral fractures (grade ≥ 2) was 5.0 % among men and 12.1 % among women. Vertebral fracture is a serious consequence of osteoporosis and is often under-diagnosed. Researches on different ethnicities and territories to estimate the prevalence of vertebral fractures and to identify the risk factors are necessary. Mr. OS (Hong Kong) and Ms. OS (Hong Kong) represent the first large-scale cohort studies ever conducted on bone health in elderly Chinese men (n = 2,000) and women (n = 2,000). The current study investigated the prevalence of radiographic vertebral fractures in these subjects using Genant’s SQ scoring system and identified risk factors for vertebral fractures. The radiographs of all men (mean age, 72.4 years) and women (mean age, 72.6 years) were obtained. Six hundred twenty-seven subjects (15.7 %) had at least one vertebral deformity (SQ grade ≥ 1), including 297 men (14.9 %) and 330 women (16.5 %, p = 0.151). Three hundred forty-two participants (8.6 %) were defined as having at least one vertebra fracture (SQ grade ≥ 2), consisted of 100 men (5.0 %) and 242 women (12.1 %, p
- Published
- 2012
142. Does the use of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers affect bone loss in older men?
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Timothy Kwok, J. Leung, Y. F. Zhang, P. C. Leung, Douglas C. Bauer, Kristine E. Ensrud, and Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bone density ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ,Affect (psychology) ,Article ,Bone resorption ,Absorptiometry, Photon ,Bone Density ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Femur ,Prospective Studies ,Bone Resorption ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,Angiotensin II receptor type 1 ,Femur Neck ,business.industry ,Confounding ,Angiotensin II ,Rheumatology ,Treatment Outcome ,Endocrinology ,Hip Joint ,business ,Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers - Abstract
In a prospective cohort study of 5,995 older American men (MrOS), users of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors had a small but significant increase in bone loss at the hip over 4 years after adjustment for confounders. Use of angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockers (ARB) was not significantly associated with bone loss.Experimental evidence suggests that angiotensin II promotes bone loss by its effects on osteoblasts. It is therefore plausible that ACE inhibitor and ARB may reduce rates of bone loss. The objective of this study is to examine the independent effects of ACE inhibitor and ARB on bone loss in older men.Out of 5,995 American men (87.2%) aged ≥65 years, 5,229 were followed up for an average of 4.6 years in a prospective six-center cohort study-The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). Bone mineral densities (BMD) at total hip, femoral neck, and trochanter were measured by Hologic densitometer (QDR 4500) at baseline and year 4.Out of 3,494 eligible subjects with complete data, 1,166 and 433 subjects reported use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs, respectively. When compared with nonusers, continuous use of ACE inhibitors was associated with a small (0.004 g/cm(2)) but significant increase in the average rate of BMD loss at total hip and trochanter over 4 years after adjustment for confounders. Use of ARB was not significantly associated with bone loss.Use of ACE inhibitors but not ARB may marginally increase bone loss in older men.
- Published
- 2011
143. Visual functioning and quality of life among the older people in Hong Kong
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Dicken Chan, Dicky Choy, Anthony W.L. Kwok, P. C. Leung, Jason Leung, Edith M. C. Lau, Timothy Kwok, and Kay W. K. Yuen
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Multivariate analysis ,Visual acuity ,genetic structures ,media_common.quotation_subject ,eye diseases ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Stereopsis ,Quality of life ,medicine ,Optometry ,Contrast (vision) ,Medical history ,Ordered logit ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Depth perception ,media_common - Abstract
(SF-12), with physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Demographics, medical history, mental status, and quality of life were obtained from face-to-face interviews, using standard structured questionnaire. Visual functions (i.e., binocular visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis) were assessed by different visual tests after refraction corrections. Different visual functions were tested simultaneously in multiple ordinal logistic regression models. Results: Better binocular visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis were associated with higher PCS. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity was associated with PCS after adjustment of different visual functions and sex, age, education level, cognitive status, and history of diabetes in multivariate analysis, (OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.54 0.98) for low vision (≤6/24) compared with ≥6/9 in visual acuity and (OR= 1.34, 95% CI=1.09 1.64) for contrast sensitivity row b 5–8 (best) compared with 0–1 (worst). MCS was only associated with visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, but no association was found after adjustment.
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- 2011
144. Physical frailty in older adults is associated with metabolic and atherosclerotic risk factors and cognitive impairment independent of muscle mass
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T. W. Auyeung, P. C. Leung, Timothy Kwok, Jenny S.W. Lee, Jean Woo, and Jason Leung
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Male ,China ,Sarcopenia ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Frail Elderly ,Frailty syndrome ,Physical fitness ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Sex Factors ,Metabolic Diseases ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Muscle Strength ,Prospective Studies ,Mortality ,Geriatric Assessment ,Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Aged, 80 and over ,Muscle Weakness ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Waist-Hip Ratio ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Metabolic disorder ,Cognitive disorder ,Muscle weakness ,Atherosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Physical Fitness ,Ageing ,Multivariate Analysis ,Body Composition ,Female ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,medicine.symptom ,Cognition Disorders ,business - Abstract
Metabolic and atherosclerotic diseases are known risk factors for disability in old age, and can result in sarcopenia as well as cognitive impairment, which are both components of frailty syndrome. As muscle loss increases with ageing, it is unclear whether muscle loss per se, or the diseases themselves, are the underlying cause of physical frailty in those suffering from these diseases. We tested the hypothesis that metabolic and atherosclerotic diseases and cognitive impairment are associated with physical frailty independent of muscle loss in old age, and further examined their impact on the relationship between physical frailty and mortality.Prospective.Community.4000 community dwelling Chinese elderly ≥65 years.Diabetes, hypertension, stroke, heart disease, cognitive impairment, smoking, physical activity, waist hip ratio (WHR) and ankle-brachial index (ABI)) were recorded. Physical frailty measurements (grip-strength, chair-stands, stride length and 6-metre walks) were summarized into a composite frailty score (0-20), 0 being the most frail) according to quartiles of performance. Appendicular muscle mass (ASM) was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Relationships between the score and covariates were analyzed. Cox regression was used to study the impact of metabolic and atnerosclerotic risk factors on the relationship between physical frailty and 6-year mortality.After adjustment for ASM, all metabolic diseases and indexes, and cognitive impairment were significantly associated with the composite physical frailty score in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, cognitive impairment, high WHR, diabetes, stroke and heart disease were all independently associated with higher physical frailty with adjustment for age, physical activity level and ASM. Hypertension was associated with physical frailty in men but not in women. In Cox regression, increased physical frailty was associated with higher 6-year mortality. The impact of metabolic and atherosclerotic risk factors was however only modest after adjustment for age and cognitive function.Metabolic and atherosclerotic diseases and high WHR, was associated with physical frailty, independent of their adverse effect on cognitive function and muscle mass.
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- 2011
145. Predictive values of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound and dual energy X ray absorptiometry for non-vertebral fracture in older men: results from the MrOS study (Hong Kong)
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Anthony W.L. Kwok, Timothy Kwok, Ling Qin, P. C. Leung, Jean Woo, J. Leung, and Chyi Chyi Khoo
- Subjects
Male ,musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bone density ,Chinese men ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Fractures, Bone ,Absorptiometry, Photon ,Bone Density ,Predictive Value of Tests ,medicine ,Humans ,Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ,Aged ,Ultrasonography ,Aged, 80 and over ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Femur Neck ,Extramural ,business.industry ,musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology ,Prognosis ,musculoskeletal system ,Predictive value ,Surgery ,Quantitative ultrasound ,Calcaneus ,Predictive value of tests ,Orthopedic surgery ,Hong Kong ,Hip Joint ,Epidemiologic Methods ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,human activities ,Osteoporotic Fractures - Abstract
Calcaneal QUS is comparable to DXA in predicting non-vertebral fractures in older Chinese men.The predictive values of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for non-vertebral fractures in older Chinese men were examined.One thousand nine hundred twenty-one Chinese men aged 65-92 years had calcaneal QUS and axial DXA bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. The incidence of non-vertebral fractures was documented. Cox regression and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis were used to examine the associations of QUS parameters and BMD with the incidence of non-vertebral fractures.The duration of follow-up was (mean ± SD) 6.5 ± 1.7 years. One hundred thirty-one non-vertebral fractures were recorded, 71 of which were major fragility fractures. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) were significantly associated with non-vertebral fractures and major fragility fractures, with age and fracture history-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) of 1.23 (1.03, 1.47) and 1.32 (1.10, 1.59) per standard deviation reduction, respectively, for non-vertebral fractures; 1.32 (1.04, 1.68) and 1.43 (1.11, 1.84), respectively, for major fragility fractures. Age and fracture history-adjusted areas under ROC curves of hip or spine BMDs were significantly greater than that of BUA or QUI in predicting major fragility fractures, but not in predicting all non-vertebral fractures. The addition of BUA or QUI had no effect on AUCs of total hip BMD alone.The ability of calcaneal QUS to predict non-vertebral fractures was comparable to that of axial BMD by DXA, but was inferior to BMD in predicting major fragility fractures in older Chinese men.
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- 2011
146. Determinants of bone mineral density in older postmenopausal Chinese women
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Timothy Kwok, Chyi Chyi Khoo, Jean Woo, Anthony W.L. Kwok, and P. C. Leung
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musculoskeletal diseases ,China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bone density ,Osteoporosis ,Physical examination ,Absorptiometry, Photon ,Bone Density ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Life Style ,Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Bone mineral ,Hip ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,General Medicine ,Stepwise regression ,musculoskeletal system ,medicine.disease ,Menopause ,Menarche ,Physical therapy ,Female ,business - Abstract
The study was performed to identify the risk factors of osteoporosis in older Chinese women.Two thousand Chinese women aged above 65 years (65-98 years) were recruited. The subjects were interviewed by a structured questionnaire and had a physical examination. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the total hip and lumbar spine was measured by dual X-ray densitometry.On stepwise multiple regression, body weight, daily dietary calcium intake, history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and age of menopause were positively associated with BMD at total hip and spine. Age of menarche, duration of lactation and history of fracture at or after 50 years of age were significant negative predictors of BMD of total hip and spine. Age, current smoking, and history of gastrectomy were associated with lower BMD at the hip. Physical activity was associated with higher hip BMD. Tertiary education and alcohol consumption were associated with higher BMD at the spine. The explained variances of total hip BMD and spine BMD by these factors were 37.9% and 29.4%, respectively.Lifestyle factors and medical history have significant influence on BMD in older postmenopausal Chinese women. The influence of gynecological and obstetric history was relatively small.
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- 2011
147. Sex steroids and bone health in older Chinese men
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Timothy Kwok, Liesbeth Vandenput, P. C. Leung, Claes Ohlsson, Jean Woo, and Jason Leung
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Sex hormone-binding globulin ,Bone Density ,Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Testosterone ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,Aged ,Femoral neck ,Bone mineral ,Anthropometry ,Estradiol ,biology ,Femur Neck ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Quartile ,Sex steroid ,biology.protein ,Hong Kong ,Osteoporosis ,Hip Joint ,bone mineral density ,business ,Osteoporotic Fractures ,Follow-Up Studies ,Cohort study - Abstract
Summary: This study examines the association between sex steroids, bone mineral density (BMD), and incident fractures in 1,489 community-living Chinese men aged 65 and over. Chinese men with low serum estradiol levels display elevated bone loss and increased risk of fractures similar to findings in Caucasians. Introduction: This study examines the association between serum total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (free T), estradiol (E2), bioavailable estradiol (bioE2), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), BMD, and incident fractures. Methods: This is a cohort study with 4-year follow-up in the community in Hong Kong SAR, China. One thousand four hundred eighty-nine community-living Chinese men aged 65 and over participated. Sex steroid levels and BMD were measured at baseline; BMD was repeated after 4 years of follow-up, and fracture incidence from ascertainment from hospital databases was determined over 4 years of follow-up. Results: The strongest age-adjusted positive association with total hip and femoral neck BMD was with bioE2, followed by E2. Greater bone loss occurred in the lowest quartile of E2 and bioE2. The lowest quartile of free T and bioE2 and the two highest quartile of SHBG were associated with the highest percentage of participants with incident fractures. Those in the lowest quartile of E2 and bioE2 had approximately a 50% increased risk of incident fractures compared with the other three quartiles. This relationship remains significant for nonvertebral incident fractures (hip, radius, pelvis, and humerus) for E2 only, but not bioE2. Compared with the group with the three highest quartiles of TT and E2, the group with the lowest quartile of both had approximately twice the risk of nonvertebral osteoporosis-related incident fractures. Conclusion: Chinese men with low serum estradiol levels display elevated bone loss and increased risk of fractures similar to findings in Caucasians.
- Published
- 2011
148. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels in relation to blood pressure in a cross-sectional study in older Chinese men
- Author
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P. C. Leung, Ruth Chan, Timothy Kwok, Jean Woo, Dan Mellström, Dicken Chan, and Claes Ohlsson
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chinese men ,Cross-sectional study ,Parathyroid hormone ,Blood Pressure ,Body Mass Index ,Asian People ,Residence Characteristics ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Humans ,Vitamin D ,Stroke ,Aged ,business.industry ,Parkinson Disease ,medicine.disease ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Endocrinology ,Blood pressure ,Quartile ,Parathyroid Hormone ,Educational Status ,Seasons ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone (PTH) level and their associations with blood pressure in Chinese population are unknown. This study examined these associations in older Chinese men. Blood pressure, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and PTH was measured in 939 community-dwelling Chinese men aged 65 years and older. Linear regression analyses were performed with adjustments for age, body mass index, education, season of measurement, medication use, self-reported history of stroke and Parkinson's disease, and other lifestyle factors. In either crude or adjusted models, serum 25OHD was not associated with blood pressure, whereas increasing PTH levels was associated with higher blood pressure. Men in the highest quartile of serum PTH level had a mean difference of 3.4 mm Hg and 2.8 mm Hg higher in as systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respectively, than men in the lowest quartile of serum PTH level (P(trend)=0.019 for SBP and0.001 for DBP). In conclusion, the findings support an association between serum PTH and blood pressure, but not for serum 25OHD in older Chinese men whose vitamin D status is optimal. The lack of association between serum 25OHD and blood pressure may possibly because of the relatively high serum 25OHD levels of the study sample.
- Published
- 2011
149. Prediction of bone loss in elderly female subjects by MR perfusion imaging and spectroscopy
- Author
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P. C. Leung, David K.W. Yeung, Timothy Kwok, James F. Griffith, and Jason Leung
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Marrow fat ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Osteoporosis ,Perfusion scanning ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Bone Density ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Aged ,Neuroradiology ,Aged, 80 and over ,Bone mineral ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Mr perfusion ,fungi ,Ultrasound ,Reproducibility of Results ,food and beverages ,Femur Head ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Female ,Radiology ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Magnetic Resonance Angiography ,Densitometry - Abstract
To determine whether MR perfusion indices or marrow fat content at baseline can predict areal bone mineral density (BMDa) loss.Repeat dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip was performed in female subjects at 2 years (n = 52) and 4 years (n = 45) following baseline MR perfusion imaging and spectroscopy of the hip.Percentage reduction in femoral neck BMDa at 4 years post-baseline was greater in subjects with below median acetabulum enhancement slope (E(slope)) (-5.6 ± 1.2 Vs -1.1 ± 1.2 (mean ± standard error) p = 0.014) or muscle maximum enhancement (E(max)) (-5.7 ± 1.2 Vs -0.23 ± 1.2, p = 0.009) after adjusting for baseline co-variables. Baseline MR parameters correlated with reduction in BMDa at 4 years (acetabulum E(slope) r = 0.517, p = 0.0003; muscle E(max) r = 0.306, p = 0.043) as well as traditionally applied clinical risk factors. Acetabulum E(slope), femoral neck E(max) and marrow fat content at baseline had sensitivities of 89%, 81% and 72% respectively at distinguishing between fast (1%/annum) (n = 18) and slow (1%/annum) (n = 27) BMD losers.Elderly female subjects with reduced perfusion indices at baseline had increased femoral neck bone loss at 4 years. Selected perfusion indices and marrow fat content have a moderate to high sensitivity in discriminating between fast and slow bone losers.
- Published
- 2011
150. The effect of diabetes mellitus on age-associated lean mass loss in 3153 older adults
- Author
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J. Leung, T. W. Auyeung, P. C. Leung, T. Kwok, J. S. W. Lee, and Jean Woo
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Confounding ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Endocrinology ,Lifestyle factors ,Bayesian multivariate linear regression ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Lean body mass ,Medicine ,Analysis of variance ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Diabet. Med. 27, 1366–1371 (2010) Abstract Aims Diabetes mellitus may be associated with excessive lean mass loss. Other diabetes-related conditions may also play a role. We assessed body composition changes associated with diabetes in older adults with adjustment for diabetes-related co-morbidities. Methods Three thousand, one hundred and fifty-three community-living adults aged ≥ 65 years were examined for lifestyle factors, diabetes-related medical conditions and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and 4 years later. Body composition changes were compared between participants with diabetes and those without diabetes. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the relationship between appendicular lean mass loss and confounders. Results Appendicular lean mass loss in men with diabetes was two times that of men without diabetes (−1.5% in ‘no diabetes’ vs. −3.0% in ‘diabetes’) and in women with diabetes was 1.8 times that of those without diabetes (−1.9% in ‘no diabetes’ vs. −3.4% in ‘diabetes’) over 4 years. Men with diabetes also had higher total body mass loss and higher total body fat loss than men without diabetes. Women with diabetes had higher total body mass loss but total body fat loss was similar. After adjusting for age, body mass index, diabetes-related conditions, lifestyle factors and total body mass loss, diabetes remained an independent predictor of appendicular lean mass loss in both men and women. Conclusion Diabetes was associated with higher body mass loss and higher appendicular lean mass loss in older adults. In men, diabetes was also associated with total body fat loss.
- Published
- 2010
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