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•Tree size shapes forest carbon dynamics and determines how trees interact with their environment, including a changing climate. Here, we conduct the first global analysis of among-site differences in how aboveground biomass stocks and fluxes are distributed with tree size. •We analyzed repeat tree censuses from 25 large-scale (4–52 ha) forest plots spanning a broad climatic range over five continents to characterize how aboveground biomass, woody productivity, and woody mortality vary with tree diameter. We examined how the median, dispersion, and skewness of these size-related distributions vary with mean annual temperature and precipitation. •In warmer forests, aboveground biomass, woody productivity, and woody mortality were more broadly distributed with respect to tree size. In warmer and wetter forests, aboveground biomass and woody productivity were more right skewed, with a long tail towards large trees. Small trees (1–10 cm diameter) contributed more to productivity and mortality than to biomass, highlighting the importance of including these trees in analyses of forest dynamics. •Our findings provide an improved characterization of climate-driven forest differences in the size structure of aboveground biomass and dynamics of that biomass, as well as refined benchmarks for capturing climate influences in vegetation demographic models.

1. Organisms of all species must balance their allocation to growth, survival and recruitment. Among tree species, evolution has resulted in different life-history strategies for partitioning resources to these key demographic processes. Life-history strategies in tropical forests have often been shown to align along a trade-off between fast growth and high survival, that is, the well-known fast–slow continuum. In addition, an orthogonal trade-off has been proposed between tall stature—resulting from fast growth and high survival—and recruitment success, that is, a stature−recruitment trade-off. However, it is not clear whether these two independent dimensions of life-history variation structure tropical forests worldwide. 2. We used data from 13 large-scale and long-term tropical forest monitoring plots in three continents to explore the principal trade-offs in annual growth, survival and recruitment as well as tree stature. These forests included relatively undisturbed forests as well as typhoon-disturbed forests. Life-history variation in 12 forests was structured by two orthogonal trade-offs, the growth−survival trade-off and the stature−recruitment trade-off. Pairwise Procrustes analysis revealed a high similarity of demographic relationships among forests. The small deviations were related to differences between African and Asian plots. 3. Synthesis. The fast–slow continuum and tree stature are two independent dimensions structuring many, but not all tropical tree communities. Our discovery of the consistency of demographic trade-offs and life-history strategies across different forest types from three continents substantially improves our ability to predict tropical forest dynamics worldwide.

Deep-water access is arguably the most effective, but under-studied, mechanism that plants employ to survive during drought. Vulnerability to embolism and hydraulic safety margins can predict mortality risk at given levels of dehydration, but deep-water access may delay plant dehydration. Here, we tested the role of deep-water access in enabling survival within a diverse tropical forest community in Panama using a novel data-model approach. We inversely estimated the effective rooting depth (ERD, as the average depth of water extraction), for 29 canopy species by linking diameter growth dynamics (1990-2015) to vapor pressure deficit, water potentials in the whole-soil column, and leaf hydraulic vulnerability curves. We validated ERD estimates against existing isotopic data of potential water-access depths. Across species, deeper ERD was associated with higher maximum stem hydraulic conductivity, greater vulnerability to xylem embolism, narrower safety margins, and lower mortality rates during extreme droughts over 35 years (1981-2015) among evergreen species. Species exposure to water stress declined with deeper ERD indicating that trees compensate for water stress-related mortality risk through deep-water access. The role of deep-water access in mitigating mortality of hydraulically-vulnerable trees has important implications for our predictive understanding of forest dynamics under current and future climates.

ForestGEO is a network of scientists and long-term forest dynamics plots (FDPs) spanning the Earth's major forest types. ForestGEO's mission is to advance understanding of the diversity and dynamics of forests and to strengthen global capacity for forest science research. ForestGEO is unique among forest plot networks in its large-scale plot dimensions, censusing of all stems ≥1 cm in diameter, inclusion of tropical, temperate and boreal forests, and investigation of additional biotic (e.g., arthropods) and abiotic (e.g., soils) drivers, which together provide a holistic view of forest functioning. The 71 FDPs in 27 countries include approximately 7.33 million living trees and about 12,000 species, representing 20% of the world's known tree diversity. With >1300 published papers, ForestGEO researchers have made significant contributions in two fundamental areas: species coexistence and diversity, and ecosystem functioning. Specifically, defining the major biotic and abiotic controls on the distribution and coexistence of species and functional types and on variation in species' demography has led to improved understanding of how the multiple dimensions of forest diversity are structured across space and time and how this diversity relates to the processes controlling the role of forests in the Earth system. Nevertheless, knowledge gaps remain that impede our ability to predict how forest diversity and function will respond to climate change and other stressors. Meeting these global research challenges requires major advances in standardizing taxonomy of tropical species, resolving the main drivers of forest dynamics, and integrating plot-based ground and remote sensing observations to scale up estimates of forest diversity and function, coupled with improved predictive models. However, they cannot be met without greater financial commitment to sustain the long-term research of ForestGEO and other forest plot networks, greatly expanded scientific capacity across the

Johnny Lydon, el músico y cantante del grupo punk Sex Pistols, ha dicho que “la ira es una forma de energía”; y si para Lydon, nada fue sagrado, tampoco lo fue para Leopoldo María Panero. Desde el principio, Panero logró ensamblar su rebelión vital (en contra de la triangulación de Edipo, y de la “santísima familia” burguesa) con su rebeldía poética. Por lo tanto, su an(arquía) es más existencial que política. La traducción de El Anti Edipo al castellano (por Paco Monge) le dio la oportunidad de explorar la teoría esquizoanalítica de Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari, y adaptarla tanto a su vida como a su obra. Este ensayo, entonces, emprenderá un planteamiento esquizoanalítico de Panero, tomando en cuenta la ira/“ira” como formas de energía fisiológica y “performativa”. Así, según la tesis de este ensayo, Panero logró producir un gran corpus poético, porque fue capaz de acceder a lo que Deleuze y Guattari llaman el “proceso esquizoanalítico”, y transgredir la estructura edípica vis-à-vis con su propia “producción deseante”. Desde tal perspectiva es que se puede entender gran parte de la poética de Panero

The study was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the perceptual characteristics that make possible the Citizen and Culture of Peace and Environmental Education training courses within the framework of virtual subjects (Moodle) in the undergraduate programs of the University of Pamplona, Villa Sede del Rosario, Norte de Santander Colombia, from the perspective of Gestalt theory. The methodology was based on the post-positivist philosophy under a qualitative approach, with a descriptive and cross-sectional method. Key informants were represented by seven (7) randomly selected students enrolled for the 2020-1 period. A survey was applied with open questions that sought to collect the greatest amount of information necessary to serve as input for the validation of the Gestalt structure of the different virtual courses at the University of Pamplona. The information collected was worked through the phases of the investigation in three main moments: observation, information collection and analysis and interpretation. The study allowed to conclude that the application of a theoretical foundation such as Gestalt, would significantly improve the student’s perception in virtual courses, allowing them to have suitable audiovisual standards and overcome the lack of skills in the execution of academic processes based on ICT, which hinder the proper functioning within the execution of activities in virtual subject, El estudio se realizó con el propósito de evaluar las características perceptivas que posibilitan los cursos de formación Ciudadana y Cultura de la Paz y Educación Ambiental en el marco de las asignaturas virtuales (Moodle) en los programas de pregrado de la Universidad de Pamplona, Sede Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander, Colombia, desde la perspectiva de la teoría de la Gestalt. La metodología se basó en la filosofía post positivista bajo un enfoque cualitativo, con método descriptivo y de corte transversal. Los informantes claves estuvieron representados por siete (7) estudiantes seleccionados aleatoriamente, matriculados para el periodo 2020-1. Se aplicó una encuesta con preguntas abiertas que buscaban recabar la mayor cantidad de información necesaria que sirviera de insumo para la validación de la estructura gestáltica de los diferentes cursos virtuales de la Universidad de Pamplona. La información recolectada se trabajó mediante las fases de la investigación en tres grandes momentos: observación, recolección de información y análisis e interpretación. El estudio permitió concluir que la aplicación de una fundamentación teórica como la de Gestalt, mejoraría significativamente la percepción del estudiante en los cursos virtuales, permitiendo contar con estándares audiovisuales idóneos y superar la carencia de habilidades en la ejecución de procesos académicos fundamentados en TIC, que dificultan el adecuado funcionamiento dentro de la ejecución de las actividades en asignaturas de tipo virtual.