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IP6 (phytic acid) is a naturally occurring compound in plant seeds and grains. It is a poly-phosphorylated inositol derivative that has been shown to exhibit many biological activities that accrue benefits in health and diseases (cancer, diabetes, renal lithiasis, cardiovascular diseases, etc.). IP6 has been shown to have several cellular and molecular activities associated with its potential role in disease prevention. These activities include anti-oxidant properties, chelation of metal ions, inhibition of inflammation, modulation of cell signaling pathways, and modulation of the activities of enzymes and hormones that are involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Studies have shown that IP6 has anti-oxidant properties and can scavenge free radicals known to cause cellular damage and contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases, as well as diabetes mellitus. It has also been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties that may modulate immune responses geared towards the prevention of inflammatory conditions. Moreover, IP6 exhibits anti-cancer properties through the induction of cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell growth. Additionally, it has been shown to have anti-mutagenic properties, which reduce the risk of malignancies by preventing DNA damage and mutations. IP6 has also been reported to have a potential role in bone health. It inhibits bone resorption and promotes bone formation, which may help in the prevention of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Overall, IP6’s cellular and molecular activities make it a promising candidate for disease prevention. As reported in many studies, its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties support its inclusion as a dietary supplement that may protect against the development of chronic diseases. However, further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of action of this dynamic molecule and its derivatives and determine the optimal doses and appropriate delivery methods for effective therapeutic use.

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes serious illness in children. The Ad26.RSV.preF vaccine candidate was immunogenic with acceptable safety in a phase 1/2a study of RSV-seropositive children. Here, we assessed its safety and immunogenicity in RSV-seronegative children. Methods In this randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2a study (NCT03606512; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03606512), RSV-seronegative toddlers aged 12–24 months received Ad26.RSV.preF (2.5 × 1010 viral particles) or placebo on days 1, 29, and 57 (a meningococcal vaccine [Nimenrix] could substitute for day 57 placebo). Primary endpoints were solicited local and systemic adverse events (AEs; 7 days after each vaccination), unsolicited AEs (28 days postvaccination), and serious AEs (first vaccination until study end). Participants were monitored for RSV-respiratory tract infection to assess infection rates and for severe RSV-lower respiratory tract infection as an indication of enhanced disease. RSV-A2 neutralizing, RSV (A and B) preF binding, and RSV postF immunoglobulin G–binding antibodies were evaluated on days 1 (predose), 8, and 85, and after RSV season 1. Results Thirty-eight participants were enrolled and vaccinated (Ad26.RSV.preF, n = 20; placebo, placebo/Nimenrix, n = 18). Solicited AEs were more common following Ad26.RSV.preF than placebo; most were mild/moderate. No vaccine-related serious AEs were reported. Five of 19 participants receiving Ad26.RSV.preF and 2/18 receiving placebo or placebo/Nimenrix had confirmed RSV-respiratory tract infection or RSV-associated otitis media; none were considered severe. At the final season 1 study visit, most Ad26.RSV.preF recipients had ≥2-fold increases from baseline in RSV-A2 neutralizing, RSV A and B preF binding, and RSV postF antibodies. Conclusions Ad26.RSV.preF was well tolerated and immunogenic in RSV-seronegative toddlers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diatoms which are classified into centric diatoms and pPennate diatoms play vital role in themarine food chain. Hence, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the abundance, distribution, dynamics and occurrence of Coscinodiscus and Pluerosigma in Atlantic Ocean from Bight of Benin to Bight of Bonny in Nigeria. This study considered the abundance, dynamics and environmental factors influencing the distribution of centric and pennate diatoms in the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Guinea (Nigerian). Water samples for diatom analysis and physico-chemical analysis were collected along transect of the Atlantic Ocean (Nigerian) from Twenty (30) oceanic water stations in ten (10) locations from the eight (8) Nigerian coastal states. Eight taxa each of centric and pennate diatoms were found in the Atlantic Ocean. Coscinodiscus radiatus was the most widely distributed and abundant among centric diatom Coscinodiscus while Pleurosigma enlongatum was the most widely distributed species for the pennate diatom Pleurosigma. Coscinodiscus maginatus was least in distribution and abundant for the centric diatom Coscinodiscus while Pleurosigma formosum and Pleurosigma P. formosum v. longissimum were least occurring among the pennate diatom Pleurosigma. Ondo oceanic water was richest in the diversity of Coscinodiscus in Gulf of Guinea while Bayelsa oceanic water was richest in the diversity of Pleurosigma in Gulf of Guinea. Result revealed significant difference in the abundance of centric and pennate diatoms in the Atlantic Ocean. Temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, salinity, alkalinity, total hardness calcium, chloride silicate, sulphate and rainfall were environmental factors controlling the distribution and abundant of pennate and centric diatoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is a plant commonly utilized in herbal medicine and stands out as one of the more extensively researched medicinal plants globally. It has been documented with respect to several pharmacological activities, notably, neuroprotective effects, among others. However, the neuroprotective activity of pure phenolic compounds has not been reported yet. The chromatographic of a methanolic extract yielded twenty-two compounds, viz.: naringenin 4′-O-glucoside (1), 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavanone (butin) (2), liquiritin (3), liquiritin apioside (4), abyssinone (5), glabrol (6), isoliquiritin (7), neoisoliquiritin (8), isoliquiritin apioside (9), licuraside (10). 3'[O], 4'-(2,2-dimethylpyrano)-3,7-dihydroxyflavanone (11), glabrocoumarin (12), glabrene (13), isomedicarpin (14), 7-hydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone (formononetin) (15), ononin (16), glycyroside (17), (3S)-7,4′-dihydroxy-2′-methoxyisoflavan (18), glabridin (19), neoliquiritin (20), 3,11-dioxooleana-1,12-dien-29-oic acid (21), and 3-oxo-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (22). The results of the neuroprotection evaluation showed that G. glabra total extract (TE) and compounds 1, 7, 11, 16, and 20 protected SH-SY5Y cells by inhibiting the depletion of ATP and elevated caspase 3/7 activities induced by MPP+. Indeed, this study reports for the first time the structure and activity of compound 11 and the neuroprotective activity of some phenolic constituents from G. glabra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding the epidemiology of battlefield casualties is required for plans and coordinated efforts towards improved combat trauma care (CTC) performance and outcome. The engagement of the Armed Forces of Nigeria (AFN) in containing Boko Haram Terrorism (BHT) and insurgency in Northeast Nigeria has increased the risk of combat injuries to the troops. This study determined the characteristics of combat injuries sustained by soldiers on counter terrorism and counter-insurgency operations to contain BHT. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of combat casualties managed in 7 Division (Field) Hospital, [an equivalent of UN Level 2 facility] Maiduguri, Northeast Nigeria between November 2013 and October 2014. Using data obtained from a designed Operational Casualty Card that contains their sociodemographic characteristics, categorization (as Combat Arm, Combat Support Service, Civ-JTF), nature, mechanism and sites of injury as well as inpatients records. The data were collated and analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 209 casualties were treated. The age of the casualties ranged from 18 to 57 years with a mean of 30.6 ± 7.7 years and males constituting 99%. Over two-third (71.3%) casualties had gunshot injuries while 14.3% and 8.1% sustained improvised explosive device (IED) and fragments injuries respectively. Over three-quarter (77.5%) sustained injuries on the upper and lower extremities while 17 (7.7%) and 12 (5.7%) had injuries on thorax/abdomen and head/neck respectively. Nineteen (9.1%) casualties resulted from friendly forces/colleagues. Conclusion: The study revealed that gunshot and IED/blasts on the extremities were the most frequent mechanism and pattern of injuries sustained with less than a tenth of the casualties resulting from friendly forces. Training health personnel on CTC, deployment of combat lifesavers to improve pre-hospital CTC, employment of skilled Orthopaedic Surgeon and other relevant surgical subspecialties and timely air evacuation of critical cases from the Field Hospital to the Base Hospital are recommended.

Multitarget directed ligands (MTDLs) are emerging as promising treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Coumarin derivatives serve as a good starting point for designing MTDLs due to their inherent inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cholinesterase enzymes, which are complicit in AD’s complex pathophysiology. A preliminary series of 3,7-substituted coumarin derivatives were synthesised and evaluated for enzyme inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity as well as neuroprotective ability. The results indicated that the compounds are weak cholinesterase inhibitors with five compounds demonstrating relatively potent inhibition and selectivity towards MAO-B with IC50 values between 0.014 and 0.498 hx00B5;µM. Significant neuroprotective effects towards MPP+-compromised SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were also observed, with no inherent cytotoxicity at 10 µM for all compounds. The overall results demonstrated that substitution of the phenylethyloxy moiety at the 7-position imparted superior general activity to the derivatives, with the propargylamine substitution at the 3-position, in particular, displaying the best MAO-B selectivity and neuroprotection.

Mercury (Hg) exposure is known to damage vital components of the central nervous system primarily through oxidative stress. Although Phyllanthus amarus (PA) is reported to be rich in antioxidants, there is a dearth of relevant research evidence to show its protective activity against Mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced neurotoxicity. Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the possible protective activity of aqueous Phyllanthus amarus leaf extract (APALE) in HgCl2-exposed rats using standard neurobehavioral assessments. Thirty adult Wistar rats were randomized into six groups of five rats each viz: A: Control, distilled water; B: HgCl2 (4 mg/kg body wt.); C: APALE (200 mg/kg body wt.) + HgCl2 (4 mg/kg); D: APALE (400 mg/kg body wt.) + HgCl2 (4 mg/kg); E: APALE (200 mg/kg body wt.); F: APALE (400 mg/kg body wt.). All administrations were through an orogastric tube for 14 days. Thereafter, neurobehavioral tests (open field, novel object and Y-maze) were done and experimental rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Body, brain and cerebellar weights were examined across all groups. HgCl2 exposure significantly (p

Objectives: To systematically review literature and identify mother-to-child transmission rates of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual, or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria. PRISMA guidelines were employed. Searches were on 19 February 2021 in PubMed, Google Scholar and CINAHL on studies published from 1 February 2001 to 31 January 2021 using keywords: “MTCT,” “dual infection,” “triplex infection,” “HIV,” “HBV,” and “HCV.” Studies that reported mother-to-child transmission rate of at least any of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women and their infant pairs with single, dual, or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria irrespective of publication status or language were eligible. Data were extracted independently by two authors with disagreements resolved by a third author. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird, to produce summary mother-to-child transmission rates in terms of percentage with 95% confidence interval. Protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO: CRD42020202070. The search identified 849 reports. After screening titles and abstracts, 25 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 18 were included for meta-analysis. We identified one ongoing study. Pooled mother-to-child transmission rates were 2.74% (95% confidence interval: 2.48%–2.99%; 5863 participants; 15 studies) and 55.49% (95% confidence interval: 35.93%–75.04%; 433 participants; three studies), among mother–infant pairs with mono-infection of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus, respectively, according to meta-analysis. Overall, the studies showed a moderate risk of bias. The pooled rate of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus was 2.74% and hepatitis B virus was 55.49% among mother–infant pairs with mono-infection of HIV and hepatitis B virus, respectively. No data exists on rates of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus on mono-infection or mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus among mother–infant pairs with dual or triplex infection of HIV, hepatitis B virus and HCV in Nigeria.

Prostate cancer is a disease of males. Though commoner in the elderly, cases are beginning to be reported in the younger population. It is the commonest cancer diagnosed in males. Risk factors include ageing, genetic/familial factors, racial predilection, increased fat diet, and hormonal imbalance. It is a slow-growing tumour but can be associated with severe morbidity. The commonest histologic type is adenocarcinoma (>95%). When detected early, cure may be possible. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the major serum marker used to monitor progress of the disease and its’ response to therapy. Several treatment modalities have been used inthe management of prostate cancer. This includes watchful waiting, prostatectomy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. These treatment options are not without devastating and sometimes life-threatening adverse effects; hence the choice of therapy depends on patient’s age, stage of disease, other co-morbidities,and even patient’s choice. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at establishing the variation in PSA among patients with advanced CaP treated either with Flutamide or Stilboestrol monotherapy in UCTH, Calabar. This helped in choosing an agent with better patient compliance, better therapeutic effect, minimal side-effects, and cost-effectiveness. METHOD: All newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients in the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, UCTH, Calabar that met certain inclusion criteria were treated either with Flutamide or Stilboestrol monotherapy over a period of one year. Patients enrolled into the study were shared into two equal groups based on certain considerations. Response to therapy was monitored by conducting a three-monthly PSA check and results from the groups compared. RESULTS: Fifty patients were enrolled into the study. The mean age was 70.12±8.93, and age range was 51-93 years. The peak age range was 61-70 years constituting 40.0% of total number of patients. The decline in serum PSA caused by flutamide and stilboestrol during each quarter of the year was 8.0%, 12.0%, 12.0%, 4.0% and 28.0%, 4.0%, 28.0%, 4.0% respectively. Overall flutamide caused a 36.0% reduction and stilboestrol 64.0% reduction in serum PSA over the period. In all, stilboestrol caused a greater decline in serum PSA compared to flutamide, and this became statistically significant at 9 months(p=0.044) and one year (p=0.048) of therapy. CONCLUSION: Patients who are on androgen deprivation therapy for CaP have their serum PSA reduced by either flutamide or stilboestrol monotherapy. However, over time, the PSA is more rapidly reduced by stilboestrol monotherapy compared to flutamide monotherapy.

This study explored the sector-wise effect of firm life cycle stage on dividend payout of listed non-financial firms in three selected Sub-Saharan African countries that include; South Africa, Nigeria, and Kenya, utilizing the dynamic panel data regression technique - system generalized method of moments (system GMM) for the period 2007 to 2017. The outcomes of the empirical analysis revealed that the earned/contributed capital mix exerts a direct and significant effect on payout of dividend in seven out of the 10 subsectors analyzed while firm age exerts an inverse and significant effect on payout of dividend in six out of the 10 subsectors analyzed. The study recommended among others that stock market regulators in the selected Sub-Sahara Africa countries should consider the life cycle stage of the firms and the earned/contributed capital mix should be used in measuring the maturity of firms, thus payment of dividend by firms should be based on when its profitability and growth rate are expected to fall in future.

We present a case study of HE 0040-1105, an unobscured radio-quiet active galactic nucleus (AGN) at a high accretion rate of λ _Edd = 0.19 ± 0.04. This particular AGN hosts an ionized gas outflow with the largest spatial offset from its nucleus compared to all other AGNs in the Close AGN Reference Survey. By combining multiwavelength observations from the Very Large Telescope/MUSE, Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3, Very Large Array, and European VLBI Network, we probe the ionization conditions, gas kinematics, and radio emission from host galaxy scales to the central few parsecs. We detect four kinematically distinct components, one of which is a spatially unresolved AGN-driven outflow located within the central 500 pc, where it locally dominates the interstellar medium conditions. Its velocity is too low to escape the host galaxy’s gravitational potential, and may be re-accreted onto the central black hole via chaotic cold accretion. We detect compact radio emission in HE 0040-1105 within the region covered by the outflow, varying on a timescale of ∼20 yr. We show that neither AGN coronal emission nor star formation processes wholly explain the radio morphology/spectrum. The spatial alignment between the outflowing ionized gas and the radio continuum emission on 100 pc scales is consistent with a weak jet morphology rather than diffuse radio emission produced by AGN winds. >90% of the outflowing ionized gas emission originates from the central 100 pc, within which the ionizing luminosity of the outflow is comparable to the mechanical power of the radio jet. Although radio jets might primarily drive the outflow in HE 0040-1105, radiation pressure from the AGN may contribute to this process.

Education, skills, and the development of an African workforce are at a critical moment. While it is recognized that Chinese firms hire local people, the focus of the debate is more on the position and opportunities for training and advancement. As such, the paper tries to answer the following questions. Does China really contribute to skills development in Africa? Does China employment, education, and skills transfer pattern contribute to Africa's own structural transformation and benefit African workforce? In attempting to answer these questions, this paper first lays out the current magnitude of demand for skills in Africa and the priorities for education and skills transfer that can successfully address Africa's skills shortage. Significantly, this will enable researchers and non-researchers to understand the diversity of Chinese firms' skills transfer patterns and the reasons behind these patterns. In order to present a comprehensive and precise picture as well as understand the context for China and Africa education and skills transfer development, the paper draws from various data collected from diverse sources, including government statistics, firm reports, second-hand academic literature, local and international news media, official government reports, and research studies. The paper suggests that the assessment of skills transfer pattern should not only consider employees' and employers' direct interests, but also in the short run, skills transfer should focus on offering short, practical courses to secondary and higher education graduates involving primarily on-the-job training. In the long run, there is a need to change the way employees and students are trained, including curriculum reforms that favor science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Emphasis should also be placed on critical thinking, problem-solving, discovery, and experiential training.

The study attempted to obtain empirical evidence on the status of teachers and the teaching profession in Nigeria. To undertake this study, 400 post-primary school teachers were randomly drawn from 40 post-primary schools in Midwestern Nigeria. The teacher's status questionnaire was the main instrument used for data collection. Results of the study indicated, among others, that teachers are not well financially remunerated and that they are looked down upon because of delay in payment of salaries and allowances, thereby having a loss of sense of belonging. This situation has resulted in the low esteem and status of the teachers and the teaching profession in the society. Findings also revealed that poor conditions of service, wider negative influences and teachers' negative personal and professional behavior are critical factors responsible for teachers' low status. Some recommendations to enhance the image and status of the Nigerian teachers and the teaching profession were made. (Contains 2 tables.)

Background: There are no national data on hepatitis C virus awareness and burden among pregnant women to justify its routine screening. Objectives: To investigate awareness, seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women in Nigeria. Methods: A total of 159 pregnant women from antenatal clinics across six geopolitical zones in Nigeria consented to anti-hepatitis C virus testing which was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction technique. Confirmed hepatitis C virus positive women were further tested for hepatitis B and HIV. Participants were evaluated for risk factors for hepatitis C virus. Odds ratios, adjusted odds ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined, and p-values of

Objective: To determine the hepatitis B vaccination coverage, full-dose (⩾3) coverage and the associated factors affecting uptake among pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among pregnant women attending antenatal care in six tertiary hospitals across all the geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Pregnant women who consented to the study completed screening questions about their hepatitis B vaccination status and coverage. The main outcome measures were hepatitis B vaccination coverage rate, dose, and factors affecting uptake. Bivariate analysis was performed by the chi-square test and conditional logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables associated with uptake of the vaccination. Odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated and statistical significance was accepted when p -value was

This study evaluated the manpower-training program for teaching personnel in mid-western Nigeria by the National Teachers' Institute. Overall, 240 participants involved in the training program who were randomly selected from the area constituted the sample for the study. A questionnaire designed by the authors was the major instrument used for data gathering. Analyses of the results showed that the programs are fairly effective in upgrading the skills and knowledge of the participants. It was also discovered that the programs have impacted on the level of performance of the participants in the area. It was recommended, "inter alia," that the institute be adequately funded to enable it achieve its mandate to the fullest. Since the programs are considered relevant to the training needs of the participants, it would be proper to do everything humanly possible to consolidate on the gains of the programs. (Contains 4 tables.)

The concept of a circular economy (CE) is a sustainable development strategy aimed at minimising waste and maximising resource efficiency. This paper explores the transition towards a circular economy in Nigeria, providing an overview of the challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives. Nigeria is rich in natural resources and has significant economic potential. However, the country faces severe environmental, economic, and social challenges that could be met with a circular economy. Although Nigeria has abundant natural resources and great economic potential, it faces many significant environmental, economic, and social challenges that must be addressed to move to a circular economy as a viable solution. The methods used in research are based on a mixed-methods research approach; the study synthesises findings from a comprehensive literature review, case studies of Nigerian businesses adopting CE practices, and insights from a SWOT analysis conducted in consultation with experts. The conclusions of the SWOT analysis, enriched by discussions with experts, form the basis for a set of targeted recommendations. These recommendations are aimed at policymakers, business leaders, and practitioners, outlining strategic actions to overcome the identified barriers and harness the opportunities inherent in a circular economy. This paper contributes to the scholarly discourse on sustainability and serves as a practical guide for other developing countries navigating the transition to a circular economy. It underscores the urgency and feasibility of adopting circular economy principles in Nigeria, highlighting the path towards a more sustainable, efficient, and economically robust future. In the study, prospects for Nigeria to benefit from include increased resource efficiency, job creation, economic diversification, and environmental sustainability if the circular economy approach were applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When olive mill wastewater is given directly to nature without being treated, natural waters become coloured, aquatic life is adversely affected, surface and underground waters are polluted, bad odours occur, and soil quality deteriorates. For these reasons, waste water is not allowed to be poured into soil and water without being discharged. This problem has become a problem that needs to be solved for the Mediterranean countries. With this study, acid cracking and chemical treatability studies achieved the conversion of the physicochemical pretreatment process of olive black water to an automation system. With the applied processes, removal efficiencies of 85% for Chemical Oxygen Demand, 99% for suspended solids, 97% for oil grease and 92% for phenol were obtained. Since the mixing processes of the tanks in the chemical additions are long, the heating chamber in the acid cracking process is designed larger than the tanks. Thus, when there is a black water density in the system, the heating tank in this system can be used as a heating and resting tank in sudden densities in this system. This waste separation process includes producing raw materials, protecting natural resources, and increasing sustainability. In particular, separating the phenol material and making it usable have been essential gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pennsylvanian unconformity, which is a detrital surface, separates the beds of the Permian-aged strata from the Lower Paleozoic in the Central Basin Platform. Seismic data interpretation indicates that the unconformity is an angular unconformity, overlying multiple normal faults, and accompanied with a thrust fault which maximizes the region's structural complexity. Additionally, the Pennsylvanian angular unconformity creates pinch-outs between the beds above and below. We computed the spectral decomposition and reflector convergence attributes and analyzed them to characterize the angular unconformity and faults. The spectral decomposition attribute divides the broadband seismic data into different spectral bands to resolve thin beds and show thickness variations. In contrast, the reflector convergence attribute highlights the location and direction of the pinch-outs as they dip south at angles between 2° and 6°. After reviewing findings from RGB blending of the spectrally decomposed frequencies along the Pennsylvanian unconformity, we observed channel-like features and multiple linear bands in addition to the faults and pinch-outs. It can be inferred that the identified linear bands could be the result of different lithologies associated with the tilting of the beds, and the faults may possibly influence hydrocarbon migration or act as a flow barrier to entrap hydrocarbon accumulation. The identification of this angular unconformity and the associated features in the study area are vital for the following reasons: 1) the unconformity surface represents a natural stratigraphic boundary; 2) the stratigraphic pinch-outs act as fluid flow connectivity boundaries; 3) the areal extent of compartmentalized reservoirs' boundaries created by the angular unconformity are better defined; and 4) fault displacements are better understood when planning well locations as faults can be flow barriers, or permeability conduits, depending on facies heterogeneity and/or seal effectiveness of a fault, which can affect hydrocarbon production. The methodology utilized in this study is a further step in the characterization of reservoirs and can be used to expand our knowledge and obtain more information about the Goldsmith Field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]