Search

The Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM) has emerged over the past decades, largely to promote biodiversity conservation, and more recently sectoral tradeoffs in the management of marine ecosystems. To ascertain the state of practice of EAM operationalization, a workshop was held, which included a pre-workshop online survey. The survey gauged international participants' perspectives regarding capacity, knowledge, and application of EAM. When asked about the subject, most survey respondents had a general understanding of EAM, and provided a clear definition. Major perceived challenges to EAM objectives by those surveyed included limited knowledge, conflicting interests, insufficient communication, and limited organizational legal frameworks or governance structures. Of those directly involved in an ecosystem approach, the majority responded that processes were in place or developed for application of integrated knowledge toward assessing key issues within their respective sectors (i. e. fisheries, conservation, energy), and that capacity was generally high. Our results show that most respondents, irrespective of sector or geography, see value in considering an integrated, broader ecosystem approach as they manage their sector. Although many participants were from the North Atlantic region, our results suggest that much of the international community is converging toward continued understanding of broad-scale, integrated approaches to marine resource management.

Kitemill is developing a new concept to harness wind energy. Their concept is shaped like a glider, and takes advantage of the high wind speeds at high altitudes. Operations in such environments require strong and lightweight materials. This thesis will focus on the production method, material type and lay-up for a structural composite beam inside the horizontal stabilizer. Kitemill currently use wet lay-up bladder moulding technique to make the part. In this process where an inflatable bicycle tube is used to generate pressure on the composite in a closed mould. The maximum load of the piece they made by this process was set as the benchmark loading. The material used in this production method is a combination between Textreme (76 gsm) and Renlam M1 Epoxy. This material combination was tested according to the ASTM standard of composite testing, with some simplifications. The laminate constants were calculated from these results. These constants were used to create an Abaqus model which simulated the bladder moulded beam in a three-point bending test. A second production technique was created. The aim was to build a sample that could take the benchmark loading, but weighing less. This was done by creating a parametric optimization of lay-up for composites with the software program Isight. This lay-up was used together with a compression moulding technique where a core-material is squeezed into the mould. Pre-Preg composite material was used for this concept. The results indicated that the focus should be changes from the maximum load to production quality . The compression moulding production technique seems to be a better alternative than the bladder moulding technique due to air bubbles in the laminate. However, this is a more expensive production technique. The structure of the optimization program is good, but it needs some adjustments before it can be useful for real design applications. The program was computational heavy because the program had too many variables. There was also a problem with the way the simulation was set up. The result av this was that Abaqus ignored the difference between a continuous ply and a non-continuous ply. The conclusion is that the bladder molding technique can be used for the prototype glider, but the material should be changed to Pre-preg to minimize production flaws.

Master's thesis in Petroleum geosciences engineering This study focusses on aspects related to carbonate build-ups in an upper Paleozoic succession in the south central Norwegian Barents Sea. Seismic and well data are used to map and characterize the protozoan and heterozoan carbonate build-ups in order to assess the factors that control their distribution within the Gipsdalen- and Bjarmeland Groups. The main objectives are (1) to describe, compare, and contrast geomorphological characteristics of the carbonate succession on the Bjarmeland and Finnmark Platforms, (2) to determine the controlling factors on the distribution of the carbonate build-up development, and lastly (3) examine the impact of evaporites on the distribution and development of the carbonate build-ups. The upper section of the Gipsdalen Group consists of protozoan carbonates and evaporites with occasional carbonate build-ups that were deposited in an arid-warm marine environment in a global icehouse period. The Bjarmeland Group consists of heterozoan carbonates with build-ups deposited in post-glacial environment. Previous studies have suggested that faults play a role in the distribution of carbonate build-ups in the Norwegian Barents Sea. The two areas on the Finnmark Platform (north and south) have been used in order to compare against two areas on Bjarmeland Platform (east and west). The carbonate build-up sequence observed on the eastern Bjarmeland Platform is comparable with the build-up sequence on the northern Finnmark Platform. The two areas share similarities as both are located on footwall uplifts. The geomorphology of these carbonate units are characterized as large build-up complexes. In contrast, the geomorphology of the western Bjarmeland Platform and the southern Finnmark Platform differs significantly. These units consist of polygonal build-up morphologies of reticulated arrangement with cellular structures of various scales; this depositional pattern is similar in architecture to modern patch and pinnacle reef systems observed in Holocene carbonate systems (e.g. Abrolhos Islands in Western Australia). The similarities defining these elements are that carbonate build-ups stack vertically above the layered evaporite sequence of the Gipsdalen Group. The layered evaporite sequences are observed on both platforms where salt pillows are a main characteristic. The carbonate build-ups deposit vertically above thin units of evaporites, opposed to laterally absent where the salt pillows are present, suggesting that salt has been displaced by the weight of the growing build-up. The result supports antecedent topography as a dominant component affecting the carbonate build-up succession in the eastern Bjarmeland Platform and the northern Finnmark Platform. Furthermore, the build-up development in the two areas on western Bjarmeland Platform, and southern Finnmark Platform, has been controlled by physical conditions influenced by a combination of biotic self-organization, fossil reef growth and karst-induced structures caused by dissolution of the underlying carbonate strata. The current geomorphology of the carbonate build-up succession has been enhanced due to remobilization of the mobile evaporite unit as a result of differential loading by the carbonate build-ups. Suncor Energy Norge A/S

The monograph reviews the recent trends in marine sciences and identifies research priorities that will characterize marine research in Europe in the next decade.

I 2014 var det 11 personer som mistet livet i ulykker i bygge- og anleggsbransjen, og mange flere ble skadet. På tross av at antall personer som mistet livet i bygge- og anleggsbransjen har vært ganske stabilt de siste 20 årene, viser så å si samtlige bedrifter til en synkende H-verdi. For å få ned antall ulykker og dødsulykker ytterligere og for å nærme seg målet mange større bedrifter har satt seg, null ulykker, bør det sees på hvilke bakenforliggende årsaker som skyldes ulykkene man har per i dag. Formålet med denne oppgaven er å finne de bakenforliggende årsakene til de større ulykkene i bygge- og anleggsbransjen i dag og på bakgrunn av dette anbefale en eller flere fremtidsrettede indikatorer som kan være med på å minke risikoen for at slike alvorlige ulykker skal skje. Denne oppgaven er basert på en kvalitativ metode. Det er gjennomført litteratursøk i forskjellige databaser som Bibsys, Scopus og Compendex for å undersøke om det finnes nyttig litteratur om indikatorer eller kategorisering av bakenforliggende årsaker. Som hovedmetode er det benyttet dokumentanalyse, basert på data fra to større entreprenørbedrifter med deres data om fraværsskader og «meget alvorlige hendelser» fra årene 2013 og 2014. I tillegg er det gjennomført intervjuer med sentrale personer fra forskjellige virksomheter i bygge- og anleggsbransjen for å få deres meninger om mine analyser, samt å få frem deres mening om HMS-indikatorene som benyttes per i dag. Det er gjennom dokumentanalysen funnet ut at det er åtte kategorier bakenforliggende årsaker som skiller seg ut for fraværsskadene og de «meget alvorlige hendelsene». Disse åtte kategoriene skiller seg ut i begge bedriftene som dataene er hentet fra. Om en klarer å håndtere disse åtte kategoriene bakenforliggende årsakene kan en i teorien få ned antall fraværsskader og «meget alvorlige hendelser» med hele 78 % - 96 %. De åtte kategoriene bakenforliggende årsaker er: - Uforsiktighet/uoppmerksomhet/ufokusert av arbeider/sjåfør - Manglende kompetanse/kunnskap hos sjåfør/arbeider - Dårlig/manglende planlegging - Feil/skade på utstyr/verktøy/kjøretøy/materiell - Feil type/manglende verneutstyr - Manglende/dårlig kommunikasjon - Manglende tilrettelegging av arbeid - Dårlig festet/løst materiale/utstyr Det er gjennom analysene av dataene funnet ut at det er i byggevirksomheten det er flest fraværsskader per 100 ansatte, noe flere av informantene mener er på grunn av en kulturforskjell mellom anleggsvirksomheten og byggevirksomheten. Det er i tillegg funnet ut at det, med et unntak, er flest fraværsskader per 100 ansatte blant egne ansatte, og ikke hos de som er ansatt i annen bedrift/UE. Dette er et interessant funn som informantene mener kan skyldes underrapportering fra UE sin side samt at hovedentreprenørene er for dårlige på å følge opp og involvere UE. Indikatorene presentert i denne oppgaven er vurdert mot hvor godt de tilfredsstiller kriterier gode indikatorer bør tilfredsstille samt hvor godt de forebygger de åtte kategoriene bakenforliggende årsaker, nevnt i forrige avsnitt. På bakgrunn av dette er det anbefalt at bedriftene i bygge- og anleggsbransjen benytter følgende fremtidsrettede indikatorer: - Indikator basert på hendelser og nestenulykker - Indikator basert på DFUer - Antall sikkerhetssamtaler - Opplæringsmengde - Antall oppstartsmøter gjennomført med UE i forhold til antall UE på prosjektet.

There is an ever-growing amount of opinionated data available on the Web, in form of reviews, discussions and blogs. This data can potentially provide a lot of information through sentiment analysis and data mining in general. However, most research in the field of sentiment analysis has been locked to a single language and a single domain. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to answer the question: How can a sentiment analysis tool that is independent of domain and language be developed?" The aim of this thesis is to show the possibilities of a sentiment analysis program independent of languages and domain, capable of being used in different languages and domains without added effort. A sentiment analysis program was developed to test the feasibility of sentiment analysis across different domains or in languages other than English. Three main methods of sentiment analysis were implemented into the program, with tests being run on three different datasets. These three methods are a single weight analysis method where a documents sentiment equals the sum of its words sentiment, a sentence analyzer where a document is analyzed sentence by sentence, and a co- occurrence analyzer operating on the assumption that words occurring together often share the same sentiment value. The results shown are not able to achieve the same quality as those shown in other published articles, and in the case of the non-English analysis, are inconclusive. However the possible viability of a completely resourceless sentiment analysis program is shown. Further research and improvement is needed to achieve better results. publishedVersion INFO390 MASV-INFO

Den här uppsatsen undersöker de stilistiska uttryck som går att återfinna på Gina Tricots och Acne Studios Facebook-sidor. Studien utgår från teorier om eWOM, marketing management och consumer communities för att skapa en förståelse för hur och varför konsumenter och varumärken uttrycker sig som de gör på varumärkenas Facebook-sidor.Studien har genomförts med en netnografisk datainsamling av de båda varumärkenas Facebook-sidor under en tremånadersperiod, och analyserats med hjälp av en stilistisk textanalys. De huvudsakliga analyspunkterna har varit funktion, drivkraft, syfte, disposition och stilmarkörer, och studien har analyserat både varumärkes- och konsumentinlägg.Genom metoden har denna studie kommit fram till att det finns tydliga skillnader i hur de båda varumärkena använder sina respektive Facebook-sidor. Ett varumärke som Acne Studios använder sin Facebook-sida som ett medium för att dela nya plagg och kollektioner, medan Gina Tricot istället använder detta medium för att skapa interaktion med sina konsumenter och få återkoppling om vad som kan anses vackert eller gräsligt. Dessa skillnader kan ha sitt ursprung i den positionering som varumärkena valt på marknaden, och studien återkopplar till dessa och försöker med hjälp av teorin förklara varför det inte finns en korrekt användning av Facebook. Studien tar även upp de stilmarkörer som används av konsumenterna, för att se om det finns några kopplingar mellan varumärkets och konsumenternas eWOM. This study aims to analyze the stylistic expressions that exist on the Facebook pages of Gina Tricot and Acne Studios. The study is based on theories of eWOM, marketing management and consumer communities to create an understanding on how, and why, consumers and brands choose to express themselves in a particular way on Facebook.The study has been operationalized through a netnographic data collection of the brands’ Facebook pages during a period of three months, and which have been analyzed through a stylistic textual analysis. The main aspects of the analysis have been function, incentive, purpose, disposition and the characteristics of the textual style. The study has focused on posts made by both consumers and the brands themselves.Through this method the study concluded that there are significant differences in how the two brands choose to use their Facebook pages. A brand like Acne Studios uses their Facebook page as a medium for sharing new garments and collections, while Gina Tricot uses their Facebook page to create interaction with consumers, and to receive feedback on what the consumers consider to beautiful or hideous. These differences could originate from the positioning that the brands have chosen on the fashion market, and the study reconnects with the theories regarding fashion market positioning to explain why there is not one singular correct way to use a Facebook page. The study also addresses and compares the stylistic expressions of both the consumers and the brands, to see if there are any connections between the stylistics of the two.