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101. Quantifying the impact of no-tillage on soil redistribution in a cultivated catchment of Southern Brazil (1964–2016) with $^{137}$Cs inventory measurements

Author: Ana Lúcia Londero, Jean Paolo Gomes Minella, Elizeu Jonas Didoné, Fabio José Andres Schneider, Irène Lefèvre, Olivier Evrard, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Financial support for this study was provided by the CAPES−COFECUB Franco-Brazilian collaboration programme (project Te870-15) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil., Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Soil test, Erosion control, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Soil management, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, Conventional tillage, Ecology, Direct sowing, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Soil loss, Tillage, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, Soil erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Fallout radionuclides, Animal Science and Zoology, Surface runoff, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; No-tillage is a soil management practice that results in reduced soil losses when compared to conventional tillage systems. However, when this practice is overly simplified, it may lead, over the years, to higher levels of soil loss than expected. In this context, this study sought to compare the rates of long-term soil redistribution on three hillslopes used for grain production under different soil management on deep weathered soils (Ferralsols) in southern Brazil. Soil samples were collected along three transects in different hillslopes characterized by either no-tillage or conventional tillage. Cs-137 inventories were used to estimate the soil redistribution rates based on Mass Balance Model - 2. The results indicate that along the three slopes and during the last five decades, changes in soil management impacted the patterns of soil erosion in the landscape, showing the occurrence of significant soil loss in the upper and backslope segments, and deposition in the lower parts of the three hillslopes studied. Even with no-tillage, erosion has continued to occur, although at lower rates when compared to conventional tillage. The use of the $^{137}$Cs marker associated with the Mass Balance Model - 2 (MBM - 2) conversion model provided an effective tool for estimating soil redistribution rates under different management systems. Although the introduction of no-tillage in the last 28 years has reduced erosion rates, these processes remain significant and the implementation of additional runoff and/or erosion control practices is recommended in order to keep erosion rates at sustainable levels.
Published: 2019
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102. Reply to comments of reviewer 3

Author: Olivier Evrard
Published: 2019
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103. Reply to feedback on the manuscript

Author: Olivier Evrard
Published: 2019
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104. Reply to RC2

Author: Olivier Evrard
Published: 2019
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105. Strategies and effectiveness of land decontamination in the region affected by radioactive fallout from the Fukushima nuclear accident: A review

Author: Olivier Evrard, Atsushi Nakao, J. Patrick Laceby, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Monitoring and Science Division of Alberta (EMSD), Alberta Government, Kyoto Prefectural University (KPU), PRC CNRS-JSPS, ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Fukushima Nuclear Accident, radiocesium, Environmental remediation, Radioactive fallout, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Human decontamination, nuclear accident, 15. Life on land, Contamination, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Soil contamination, Incineration, law.invention, FDNPP, Japan, 13. Climate action, Environmental protection, law, Nuclear power plant, remediation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, caesium-137, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 resulted in the contamination of Japanese landscapes with radioactive fallout. Accordingly, the Japanese authorities decided to conduct extensive remediation activities in the impacted region to allow for the relatively rapid return of the local population. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the decontamination strategies and their potential effectiveness in Japan, focussing on particle-bound radiocesium. In the Fukushima Prefecture, the decision was taken to decontaminate the fallout-impacted landscapes in November 2011 for the 11 municipalities evacuated after the accident (Special Decontamination Zones – SDZ, 1117 km2) and for the 40 non-evacuated municipalities affected by lower, although still significant, levels of radioactivity (Intensive Contamination Survey Areas, 7836 km2). Decontamination activities predominantly targeted agricultural landscapes and residential areas. No decontamination activities are currently planned for the majority of forested areas, which cover ~ 75 % of the main fallout-impacted region. Research investigating the effectiveness of decontamination activities underlined the need to undertake concerted actions at the catchment scale to avoid the renewed supply of contamination from the catchment headwaters after the completion of remediation activities. Although the impact of decontamination on the radioactive dose rates for the local population remains a subject of debate in the literature and in the local communities, outdoor workers in the SDZ represent a group of the local population that may exceed the long-term dosimetric target of 1 mSv yr−1. Decontamination activities generated ~ 20 million m3 of soil waste by early 2019. The volume of waste generated by decontamination may be decreased through incineration of combustible material and recycling of the less contaminated soil for civil engineering structures. However, most of this material will have to be stored for ~ 30 years at interim facilities opened in 2017 in the close vicinity of the FDNPP before being potentially transported to final disposal sites outside of the Fukushima Prefecture. Further research is required to investigate the perennial contribution of radiocesium from forest sources. In addition, the re-cultivation of farmland after decontamination raises additional questions associated with the fertility of remediated soils and the potential transfer of residual radiocesium to the plants. Overall, we believe it is important to synthesize the remediation lessons learnt following the FDNPP nuclear accident, which could be fundamental if a similar catastrophe occurs somewhere on Earth in the future.
Published: 2019

106. From matrimonial practices to genetic diversity in Southeast Asian populations: the signature of the matrilineal puzzle

Author: Goki Ly, Samuel Pavard, Gérard Diffloth, Romain Laurent, Frédéric Bourdier, Chou Monidarin, Olivier Evrard, Sophie Lafosse, Bruno Toupance, Raphaëlle Chaix, Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DEVSOC, UMR Développement et Sociétés, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), and Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Rural Population, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mothers, inbreeding, human genetics, Population genetics, Southeast asian, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Fathers, 03 medical and health sciences, Asian People, Kinship, Humans, Family, 0601 history and archaeology, Marriage, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, 060101 anthropology, Genetic Variation, matrilineal puzzle, Articles, 06 humanities and the arts, matrilocal, Genealogy, residence rule, Genetics, Population, Dominance (ethology), Geography, Endogamy, patrilocal, Matrilocal residence, Female, Family Relations, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Inbreeding
Abstract: In matrilineal populations, the descent group affiliation is transmitted by women whereas the socio-political power frequently remains in the hands of men. This situation, named the ‘matrilineal puzzle’, is expected to promote local endogamy as a coping mechanism allowing men to maintain their decision-making power over their natal descent group. In this paper, we revisit this ‘matrilineal puzzle’ from a population genetics' point of view. Indeed, such tendency for local endogamy in matrilineal populations is expected to increase their genetic inbreeding and generate isolation-by-distance patterns between villages. To test this hypothesis, we collected ethno-demographic data for 3261 couples and high-density genetic data for 675 individuals from 11 Southeast Asian populations with a wide range of social organizations: matrilineal and matrilocal populations (M), patrilineal and patrilocal populations (P) or cognatic populations with predominant matrilocal residence (C). We observed that M and C populations have higher levels of village endogamy than P populations, and that such higher village endogamy leads to higher genetic inbreeding. M populations also exhibit isolation-by-distance patterns between villages. We interpret such genetic patterns as the signature of the ‘matrilineal puzzle’. Notably, our results suggest that any form of matrilocal marriage (whatever the descent rule is) increases village endogamy. These findings suggest that male dominance, when combined with matrilocality, constrains inter-village migrations, and constitutes an underexplored cultural process shaping genetic patterns in human populations.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.
Published: 2019
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107. Method for detecting and characterising actinide-bearing micro-particles in soils and sediment of the Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

Author: Jaime F. Angulo, Anne-Laure Fauré, Nina M. Griffiths, Hugo Jaegler, Yuichi Onda, Olivier Evrard, Agnes Moureau, Fabien Pointurier, Olivier Marie, Amélie Hubert, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie (LRT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Soil test, actinide-bearing particles, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Mineralogy, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, law, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Nuclear power plant, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, mass spectrometry, Micro particles, 010401 analytical chemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Sediment, Actinide, Pollution, 0104 chemical sciences, Plume, Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, Actinides in the environment, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 13. Climate action, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Solid State Nuclear Track Detector, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry, microscope characterisation
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident released limited amounts of actinides on soils of Japan. Characterisation of these particles is essential to determine the fate of actinides in the environment. The method presented in this paper, based on α-tracks detections, microscope observations and mass-spectrometry measurements, was designed to identify and characterize actinide-bearing particles in soil samples. The method was tested on a road dust sample collected in the main radioactive plume of the Fukushima region. Accordingly, α-tracks detection was demonstrated to provide a powerful technique to localise these particles and prepare their morphological, elemental and isotopic characterization.
Published: 2019
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108. A new method for determining

Author: Silvia, Diez-Fernández, Hugo, Jaegler, Carole, Bresson, Frédéric, Chartier, Olivier, Evrard, Amélie, Hubert, Anthony, Nonell, Fabien, Pointurier, and Hélène, Isnard
Abstract: The
Published: 2019

109. Reconstruction of uranium and plutonium isotopic signatures in sediment accumulated in the Mano Dam reservoir, Japan, before and after the Fukushima nuclear accident

Author: Silvia Diez-Fernández, Hugo Jaegler, Amélie Hubert, Fabien Pointurier, Alkiviadis Gourgiotis, Yuichi Onda, Olivier Evrard, J. Patrick Laceby, Seiji Hayashi, Hideki Tsuji, Hélène Isnard, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), CEA/DAM, CEA/DEN, PSE-ENV/SEDRE/LELI, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), National Institute for Environmental Science [Fukushima], Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), The collection and the analysis of the sediment samples were funded by the TOFU (ANR-11-JAPN-001) and the AMORAD (ANR-11-RSNR-0002) projects, funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR, Agence Nationale de la Recherche). Hugo Jaegler received a PhD fellowship from the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives). The authors are grateful to the Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre for providing the soil samples collected before the FDNPP accident. This work is IRSN Paterson platform contribution number 2., ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de recherche sur le devenir des pollutions de sites radioactifs (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEDRE/LELI), Service des déchets radioactifs et des transferts dans la géosphère (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEDRE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Environmental Engineering, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Japan, law, Radiation Monitoring, Nuclear power plant, Environmental Chemistry, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Radionuclide, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Sediment, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Uranium, Pollution, Plutonium, 020801 environmental engineering, Actinides in the environment, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Major actinide, Cesium Radioisotopes, Nuclear Power Plants, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in Japan resulted in a major release of radionuclides into the environment. Compared to other radionuclides, few studies have investigated the fate of actinides in the environment. Accordingly, this research investigates the Pu composition in soil samples collected in paddy fields before and after the accident. Furthermore, the vertical distributions of Pu and U isotopic signatures, along with 137Cs activities, were measured in a sediment core collected in the Mano Dam reservoir, in the Fukushima Prefecture. Changes in the relative contributions of the major actinide sources (global fallout or FDNPP derived fallout) were investigated in sediment deposited in the reservoir. The distinct peak observed for all Pu isotope ratios (240Pu/239Pu, 241Pu/239Pu and 242Pu/239Pu) and for 137Cs concentrations in the sediment core was attributed to the Fukushima fallout, and coincided with the maximum atomic contribution of only 4.8 ± 1.0% of Pu from the FDNPP. Furthermore, 236U/238U ratios measured in the sediment core remained close to the global fallout signature indicating there was likely no U from the FDNPP accident detected in the sediment core. More research is required on the environmental dynamics of trace actinides in landscapes closer to the FDNPP where there are likely to be greater abundances of FDNPP-derived Pu and U.
Published: 2019
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110. Environmental DNA provides information on sediment sources: A study in catchments affected by Fukushima radioactive fallout

Author: Olivier Evrard, Yuichi Onda, Jérôme Poulenard, Ludovic Gielly, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Irène Lefèvre, Sylvain Huon, J. Patrick Laceby, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tsukuba, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM)
Subjects: Radioactive Fallout, Geologic Sediments, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Japan, Radiation Monitoring, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Environmental Chemistry, Dominance (ecology), Environmental DNA, Waste Management and Disposal, Subsoil, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Radioisotopes, Hydrology, Carbon Isotopes, Topsoil, Nitrogen Isotopes, Flood myth, Land use, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Sediment, DNA, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Carbon, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; An excessive supply of sediment is observed in numerous rivers across the world where it leads to deleterious impacts. Information on the sources delivering this material to waterbodies is required to design effective management measures, and sediment tracing or fingerprinting techniques are increasingly used to quantify the amount of sediment derived from different sources. However, the current methods used to identify the land use contributions to sediment have a limited discrimination power. Here, we investigated the potential of environmental DNA (eDNA) to provide more detailed information on the plant species found in sediment source areas as a next generation fingerprint. To this end, flood sediment deposits (n = 12) were collected in 2017 in two catchments impacted by the Fukushima radioactive fallout along differing river sections draining forests, cropland or a mix of both land uses. Conventional fingerprints (i.e. fallout radionuclides and organic matter properties) were also measured in these samples. The conventional fingerprint model results showed that most sediment samples contained a dominant proportion of subsoil material. Nevertheless, the eDNA information effectively discriminated the three above-mentioned groups of sediment, with the dominance of tree, shrub and fern species in sediment sampled in rivers draining forests versus a majority of grass, algae and cultivated plant species in sediment collected in rivers draining cropland. Based on these encouraging results, future research should examine the potential of eDNA in mixed land use catchments where the contribution of topsoil to sediment dominates and where the cultivation of land has not been abandoned in order to better characterize the memory effect of eDNA in soils and sediment.
Published: 2019
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111. Potential of phosphorus fractions to trace sediment sources in a rural catchment of Southern Brazil: Comparison with the conventional approach based on elemental geochemistry

Author: Olivier Evrard, J. Patrick Laceby, Jean Paolo Gomes Minella, Rafael Ramon, Tales Tiecher, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Environmental Monitoring and Science Division of Alberta (EMSD), Alberta Government, Departamento de Solos [Santa Maria], Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM)
Subjects: Drainage basin, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Soil science, Fractionation, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Soil management, sediment source fingerprinting, Key-words: Phosphorus fractionation, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Phosphorus, sediment tracers, Sediment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Current (stream), chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Sediment transport
Abstract: International audience; In areas with extensive soil erosion, there is a need to identify the sources supplying sediment to rivers in order to improve our understanding of erosion processes and to guide the implementation of effective soil management measures. Geochemical elements are often used as tracers in sediment fingerprinting studies. Among them, P has often been used as it may specifically trace sediment originating from cropland. Although P-fractions can provide more detailed information than the total P content, their potential to distinguish between different potential sources of sediments has rarely been tested. The objective of the current research was to evaluate the contribution of sediment sources in a rural catchment (Arvorezinha, 1.23 km 2) of Southern Brazil, using different sets of tracers (i.e. P-fractions only, geochemical tracers only, and a combination of both tracers). Three potential sediment source types were identified in the catchment: (i) cropland, (ii) unpaved roads and (iii) stream channel banks. Thirty-one suspended sediment samples were collected in the river draining this catchment during 9 significant floods between 2009 and 2011. Estimates of P-fractions were obtained by Hedley fractionation using anion exchange resin membrane (P resin); 0.5 mol L-1 NaHCO 3 (pH 8.5) (P bic); 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH (P NaOH0.1); 1.0 mol L-1 HCl (P HCl); 0.5 mol L-1 NaOH (P NaOH0.5); and residual P (P residual). Total organic (P org) and inorganic P (P inorg) were obtained by the ignition method. The concentrations of P HCl , P NaOH0.5 and P inorg in suspended sediments were higher than those found in the sources. Accordingly, these fractions were considered not to be conservative and were excluded from further analysis. With the exception of P residual , all P-fractions passed the Kruskal-Wallis H-test and were considered as potential tracers of sediment sources. When the P-fractions were combined with geochemical tracers, the discrimination power was much higher than when using geochemical tracers only. The Mahalanobis distance was 9% higher than that observed in the geochemical approach. The calculated contribution of sediment sources using the three approaches was very similar, and cropland was the dominant source of sediment, with calculated contributions of 56±19, 46±16 and 48±16% for those approaches based on geochemical elements, P-fractions, and geochemical+P-fractions, respectively. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of some P-fractions to trace potential sediment sources in rural catchments, as they have a high discriminant power while remaining conservative during sediment transport in the catchment.
Published: 2019
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112. Innovative combination of tracing methods to differentiate between legacy and contemporary PAH sources in the atmosphere-soil-river continuum in an urban catchment (Orge River, France)

Author: Sophie Ayrault, Gaël Monvoisin, Cécile Quantin, Johnny Gasperi, Emilie Caupos, Olivier Evrard, Claire Froger, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU)
Subjects: Pollution, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Drainage basin, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 11. Sustainability, polycyclic compounds, Environmental Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Urban runoff, Pollutant, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sediment, 15. Life on land, Particulates, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Surface runoff
Abstract: International audience; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been released by human activities during more than a century, contaminating the entire atmosphere – soil – river continuum. Due to their ubiquity in the environment and their potential severe biological impacts, PAH became priority pollutants and were targeted by environmental public agencies. To better manage PAH pollution, it is necessary to identify unambiguously the sources and pathways of those compounds at the catchment scale, and to evaluate the persistence of historical PAH pollution in the environment especially in those urban contexts concentrating multiple PAH sources. Accordingly, the current research monitored the contamination in atmospheric fallout, soils and rivers of a 950-km2 catchment (Orge River) characterized by an increasing urban gradient in downstream direction, and located in the Seine River basin characterized by a high level of PAH legacy contamination. A combination of various approaches was used, including the widely used PAH diagnostic ratios, together with innovative methods such as PAH correlations and sediment fingerprinting using fallout radionuclides to clearly identify both the origin of PAH and their main PAH pathways to the river. The results demonstrated the persistence of legacy PAH contamination in the catchment, responsible for the signature of the suspended particulate matter currently transiting in the Orge River. They underlined the conservation of PAH through the soil – river continuum. Finally, urban runoff was demonstrated to provide the main PAH source to the river in the densely urbanized area by both PAH correlations and sediment fingerprinting. These results were used to model PAH concentrations in those particles supplied from urban areas to the river.
Published: 2019
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113. Medium term high frequency observation of discharges and suspended sediment in a Mediterranean mountainous catchment

Author: Oldrich Navratil, Michel Esteves, Cédric Legout, Olivier Evrard, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE)
Subjects: Watershed, French, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Turbidity, medicine, 020701 environmental engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Hydrology, Suspended solids, Mediterranean Alps, Sediment yield, Sediment, Sediment transport, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, 6. Clean water, Catchment hydrology, Erosion, 13. Climate action, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Surface runoff
Abstract: In mountainous catchments, soil erosion and sediment transport are highly variable throughout time and their quantification remains a major challenge for the scientific community. Understanding the temporal patterns and the main controls of sediment yields in these environments requires a long term monitoring of rainfall, runoff and sediment flux. This paper analyses this type of data collected during 7 years (2007–2014), at the outlet of the Galabre River, a 20 km2 watershed, in south eastern France, representative of meso-scale Mediterranean mountainous catchments. This study is based on a hybrid approach using continuous turbidity records and automated total suspended solid sampling to quantify the instantaneous suspended sediment concentrations (SSC), sediment fluxes, event loads and yields. The total suspended sediment yield was 4661 Mg km−2 and was observed during flood events. The two crucial periods for suspended sediment transport at the outlet were June and November/December (63% of the total). The analysis of suspended sediment transport dynamics observed during 236 flood events highlighted their intermittency and did not show any clear relationship between rainfall, discharge and SSC. The most efficient floods were characterised by counter-clockwise hysteresis relationships between SSC and discharges. The floods with complex hysteresis were the more productive in the long term, during this measuring period exceeding a decade. Nevertheless, the current research outlines the need to obtain medium-term (five years) continuous time series to assess the range of variations of suspended sediment fluxes and to outline clearly the seasonality of suspended sediment yields. Results suggest the occurrence of a temporal dis-connectivity in meso-scale catchments over short time-scales between the meteorological forcing and the sediment yields estimated at the outlet. These findings have important methodological impacts for modelling and operational implications for watershed management.
Published: 2019
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114. Investigating the use of fallout and geogenic radionuclides as potential tracing properties to quantify the sources of suspended sediment in a mining catchment in New Caledonia, South Pacific

Author: Michel Allenbach, Virginie Sellier, Oldrich Navratil, Olivier Evrard, Irène Lefèvre, J. Patrick Laceby, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), CNRT projet IMMILA, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie (UNC), Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), and Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: Caesium-137, Stratigraphy, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Drainage basin, X-ray fluorescence, 010501 environmental sciences, Tracing, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Tributary, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Subsoil, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, geography, Radionuclide, geography.geographical_feature_category, Flood myth, Sediment source fingerprinting, Sediment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Nickel mining, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Soil erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Main stem
Abstract: International audience; Purpose. New Caledonia, a French island located in the south-west Pacific Ocean, has vast nickel resources. Open-cast mining has strongly increased soil erosion and the subsequent downstream transfer of sediments in river systems resulting in fundamental morphological changes (e.g. hyper-sedimentation, over-burden). Understanding the sediment source contributions from mining activities is therefore important to guide the implementation of effective management measures.Materials and methods. A pilot sediment tracing study was conducted in the Thio River (400 km2) catchment draining the island’s first mine. Sediment deposited during the February 25, 2015 and April 10, 2017 flood events was collected with a tributary tracing design, including main stem (n=19) and tributary (n=24) samples. The tributaries were classified into two source types: sub-catchments draining mining sites and sub-catchments devoid of mining activities. Three sets of potential tracing parameters (i.e. fallout radionuclides, geogenic radionuclides, and elemental geochemistry) were examined for their potential to model the contributions of sediment from mining versus non-mining tributaries to sediment collected on the Thio River. Results and discussion. The very low fallout radionuclide activities (137Cs and 210Pbxs) found in the source and sediment samples demonstrate that most material transiting the river network is derived from subsoil sources. Geogenic radionuclides and elemental geochemistry were therefore utilized in the tributary tracing approach. Accordingly, U and K were selected as the optimal tracers of the two main lithological regions supplying sediment to the main stem of the Thio River. Model results demonstrated that tributaries with mining activity dominated the sediment supply to the Thio River with mean sediment contributions of 68 % (SD 28 %) for the 2015 flood and 86 % (SD 7 %) for the 2017 event. Conclusions and perspectives. Geogenic radionuclides and elemental geochemistry were more effective at discriminating between tributaries with and without mines than fallout radionuclides. The similarity of the model results from tracing with geogenic radionuclides and elemental geochemistry illustrates their potential to investigate sediment source contributions in similar catchments across the South Pacific Islands affected by mining activities.
Published: 2019
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115. Using spectrocolourimetry to trace sediment source dynamics in coastal catchments draining the main Fukushima radioactive pollution plume (2011-2017)

Author: Roxanne Durand, Olivier Evrard, Anthony Foucher, J. Patrick Laceby, Yuichi Onda, Tales Tiecher, Olivier Cerdan, Virginie Sellier, Irène Lefèvre, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Environmental Monitoring and Science Division of Alberta (EMSD), Alberta Government, ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: ACCIDENT, SOURCE DISCRIMINATION, ADSORPTION, Environmental remediation, CONTAMINATED PARTICULATE MATTER, Stratigraphy, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Colour, FDNPP, DISPERSION, RADIOCESIUM, MANAGEMENT, Subsoil, Sediment fingerprinting, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, Topsoil, Sediment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, DEPTH DISTRIBUTION, 15. Life on land, PREFECTURE, Plume, SOILS, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, Soil erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Purpose Spectrocolourimetric measurements provide a relatively inexpensive, quick and non-destructive alternative to the analysis of geochemical and organic matter properties. When used in the analysis of sediments and their potential sources, these colour parameters may provide important information on the dominant processes (i.e. erosion) occurring in the Critical Zone. Here, they are used to investigate whether eroded sediment is derived from forest (i.e. natural), cultivated (i.e. anthropogenic) or subsoil sources in order to assess their potential to monitor the effect of decontamination in regions impacted by fallout from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. Materials and methods Fifteen spectrocolourimetric properties (L*, a*, b*, C*, h, x, y, z, L, a, b, u*, v*, u', v') were measured in potential source (n = 37) and sediment (n = 400) samples collected during 13 campaigns from 2011 to 2017 after major flood events in two catchments (total surface area of 450 km(2)) draining the main FDNPP radioactive pollution plume. Potential sources included topsoil from forest and cultivated sources along with subsoil material originating from landslides, channel banks and the decontamination of cultivated areas. The optimum set of parameters used in the mixed linear model to calculate the sediment source contributions was obtained through the use of a range test, the Kruskal-Wallis H test and a linear discriminant analysis. Results and discussion Nine selected colour parameters correctly classified 100% of the source samples (i.e. forest, subsoil and cultivated sources). The results illustrate that cultivated landscapes were the main source of sediment to these river systems (mean 56%, SD 34%) followed by subsoil (mean 26%, SD 16%) and forest sources (mean 21%, SD 24%). However, these contributions varied strongly over time, with a peak of subsoil contributions (mean 57%, SD 17%) in Fall 2015, coinciding with the occurrence of a typhoon after the remediation works. These results were consistent with monitoring studies conducted in the same area that showed the major impact of typhoon Etau in September 2015 on sediment and radiocaesium fluxes. Conclusions These original results demonstrate that spectrocolourimetric measurements may contribute to the routine monitoring of the effectiveness of remediation works in this post-accidental context. Owing to the inexpensive, rapid and non-destructive analyses, spectrocolourimetric-based tracing methods have significant potential to provide information on the dominant erosion processes occurring in the Critical Zone.
Published: 2019
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116. Effectiveness of landscape decontamination following the Fukushima nuclear accident: a review

Author: Atsushi Nakao, J. Patrick Laceby, Olivier Evrard, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Monitoring and Science Division of Alberta (EMSD), Alberta Government, Kyoto Prefectural University, projet ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD, Amélioration des modèles de prévision de la dispersion et d’évaluation de l’impact des radionucléides au sein de l’environnemen, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Kyoto Prefectural University (KPU), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Environmental remediation, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Soil Science, Human decontamination, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, Contamination, 01 natural sciences, Soil contamination, 12. Responsible consumption, law.invention, Incineration, lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, law, Environmental protection, Nuclear power plant, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Dose rate, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 resulted in the contamination of Japanese landscapes with radioactive fallout. Accordingly, the Japanese authorities decided to conduct extensive remediation activities in the impacted region to allow for the relatively rapid return of the local population. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the decontamination strategies and their potential effectiveness in Japan, focussing on particle-bound radiocesium. In the Fukushima Prefecture, the decision was taken to decontaminate the fallout-impacted landscapes in November 2011 for the 11 municipalities evacuated after the accident (Special Decontamination Zone – SDZ – 1117 km2) and for the 40 non-evacuated municipalities affected by lower, although still significant, levels of radioactivity (Intensive Contamination Survey Areas, 7836 km2). Decontamination activities predominantly targeted agricultural landscapes and residential areas. No decontamination activities are currently planned for the majority of forested areas, which cover ∼75 % of the main fallout-impacted region. Research investigating the effectiveness of decontamination activities underlined the need to undertake concerted actions at the catchment scale to avoid renewed contamination from the catchment headwaters after the completion of remediation activities. Although the impact of decontamination on the radioactive dose rates for the local population remains a subject of debate in the literature and in the local communities, outdoor workers in the SDZ represent a group of the local population that may exceed the long-term dosimetric target of 1 mSv yr−1. Decontamination activities generated ∼20 million m3 of soil waste by early 2019. The volume of waste generated by decontamination may be decreased through incineration of combustible material and recycling of the less contaminated soil for civil engineering structures. However, most of this material will have to be stored for ∼30 years at interim facilities opened in 2017 in the vicinity of the FDNPP before being potentially transported to final disposal sites outside of the Fukushima Prefecture. Further research is required to investigate the perennial contribution of radiocesium from forest sources. In addition, the re-cultivation of farmland after decontamination raises additional questions associated with the fertility of remediated soils and the potential transfer of residual radiocesium to the plants. Overall, we believe it is important to synthesise the remediation lessons learnt following the FDNPP nuclear accident, which could be fundamental if a similar catastrophe occurs somewhere on Earth in the future.
Published: 2019
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117. Tracing total and dissolved material in a western Canadian basin using quality control samples to guide the selection of fingerprinting parameters for modelling

Author: Olivier Evrard, M. K. Kruk, John F. Orwin, C. Chung, Pedro Velloso Gomes Batista, J. P. Laceby, Nadine Taube, Jason G. Kerr, Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Department of Environmental Sciences [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Water resources, Waterways, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Conservation Geochemistry, Drainage basin, Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, Alberta, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Agricultural land, Tributary, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sediment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Water quality, Main stem
Abstract: International audience; The source dynamics of total and dissolved material in riverine systems are being affected by anthropogenic activities resulting in the degradation of waterways worldwide. Identifying the main sources of total and dissolved material is thus central to the management of increasingly scarce water resources. Here, we utilize data generated from water quality monitoring programs to investigate the sources of total and dissolved material in a large, semi-arid basin in western Canada. Our research focuses on the confluence of two major tributaries in the South Saskatchewan River Basin (SSRB) in the Province of Alberta: the Bow River (25,611 km$^2$) and the Oldman River (28,270 km$^2$). A tributary tracing technique coupled with a Deconvolutional-MixSIAR (D-MIXSIAR) modelling approach is used to estimate the potential source contributions of total and dissolved material from major tributary sites to target node sites on the main stem of the Bow River and Oldman River in addition to target nodes downstream of their confluence. In total, 812 samples were taken from 29 sites across the SSRB. A novel approach to selecting fingerprints for modelling is presented based on the analyses of additional quality control samples (146 duplicate and 172 blank samples). Overall, the Rocky Mountain headwater catchments were found to dominate the supply of material modelled using total recoverable (68%) and dissolved (76%) metals. There were seasonal fluctuations in source dynamics evident where the Bow River dominated the supply of total (69%) and dissolved (57%) material during the ice-covered season (November-March), and the Oldman River dominated the supply of total (73%) and dissolved (59%) material during the open water season (April-October). On the one hand, these seasonal dynamics are potentially the result of the extensive regulation of flow, particularly along the Bow River. On the other hand, the intensification of agriculture in the prairie/plain catchments may also facilitate the excess supply of total relative to dissolved material. For example, the Little Bow River, with ~70% agricultural land cover, contributed ~14 times more total material than anticipated based on discharge and 1.6 times more than anticipated based on unit area during the open water season. Overall, this research has improved our understanding of the source dynamics of total and dissolved material in the SSRB, providing the foundation for focussed studies targeting the main sources of total and dissolved material in this large, semi-arid basin in western Canada. In addition, our research highlights the potential of using existent data generated from water quality monitoring programs along with quality control best practices to help improve our understanding of the source dynamics of total and dissolved material in waterways around the world.
Published: 2021
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118. Quantifying the effect of overland flow on Escherichia coli pulses during floods: Use of a tracer-based approach in an erosion-prone tropical catchment

Author: Olivier Ribolzi, Cyril Zouiten, Laurie Boithias, Bounsamay Soulileuth, Guillaume Lacombe, Emma Rochelle-Newall, Olivier Evrard, Elodie Robert, Thomas Pommier, Chanthamousone Thammahacksa, Norbert Silvera, Keooudone Latsachack, Yves Auda, Marion Viguier, Sylvain Huon, Oloth Sengtaheuanghoung, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Agricultural Land Management [Vientiane] (DALaM), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Laos, ANR-13-AGRO-0007,TecItEasy,Effets conjugués de l'expansion des plantations d'arbres et du changement climatique sur le fonctionnement hydro-sédimentaire des bassins versants tropicaux de montagne: la diversité microbienne aquatique comme un proxy de la conversion d'usage des terres(2013), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Turbidité, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Drainage basin, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Turbidity, 020701 environmental engineering, Hydrologie, Water Science and Technology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Northern uplands of Lao PDR, Inondation, Contamination biologique, Surface runoff, Ruissellement, 6. Clean water, Circulation de l'eau, S50 - Santé humaine, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, Surface-sub surface flow separation, Storm flow, Land-use change, 0207 environmental engineering, faecal pollution [EN], Indicator bacteria, Context (language use), parasitic diseases, Escherichia coli, P10 - Ressources en eau et leur gestion, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, Flood myth, fungi, Fecal coliform, Fecal indicator bacteria, 13. Climate action, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Bacterial pathogens in surface waters threaten human health. The health risk is especially high in developing countries where sanitation systems are often lacking or deficient. Considering twelve flash-flood events sampled from 2011 to 2015 at the outlet of a 60-ha tropical montane headwater catchment in Northern Lao PDR, and using Escherichia coli as a fecal indicator bacteria, our objective was to quantify the contributions of both surface runoff and sub-surface flow to the in-stream concentration of E. coli during flood events, by (1) investigating E. coli dynamics during flood events and among flood events and (2) designing and comparing simple statistical and mixing models to predict E. coli concentration in stream flow during flood events. We found that in-stream E. coli concentration is high regardless of the contributions of both surface runoff and sub-surface flow to the flood event. However, we measured the highest concentration of E. coli during the flood events that are predominantly driven by surface runoff. This indicates that surface runoff, and causatively soil surface erosion, are the primary drivers of in-stream E. coli contamination. This was further confirmed by the step-wise regression applied to instantaneous E. coli concentration measured in individual water samples collected during the flood events, and by the three models applied to each flood event (linear model, partial least square model, and mixing model). The three models showed that the percentage of surface runoff in stream flow was the best predictor of the flood event mean E. coli concentration. The mixing model yielded a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.65 and showed that on average, 89% of the in-stream concentration of E. coli resulted from surface runoff, while the overall contribution of surface runoff to the stream flow was 41%. We also showed that stream flow turbidity and E. coli concentration were positively correlated, but that turbidity was not a strong predictor of E. coli concentration during flood events. These findings will help building adequate catchment-scale models to predict E. coli fate and transport, and mapping the related risk of fecal contamination in a global changing context.
Published: 2021
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119. The impact of typhoons on sediment connectivity: lessons learnt from contaminated coastal catchments of the Fukushima Prefecture (Japan)

Author: J. Patrick Laceby, Catherine Ottlé, Yuichi Onda, Olivier Cerdan, Caroline Chartin, Olivier Evrard, and Irène Lefèvre
Subjects: Hydrology, Radionuclide, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, Flooding (psychology), Sediment, Storm, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Deposition (geology), Catchment hydrology, 13. Climate action, Typhoon, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Erosion, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Sediment connectivity characterizes the physical transfer of sediment through different geomorphic compartments in catchments due to sediment detachment, transport and deposition. Quantifying and modelling sediment connectivity is therefore a key prerequisite to improving our understanding of the dispersion of particle-borne contaminants, especially in catchments exposed to highly erosive climates. The objective of this study is to provide novel insights into typhoon impacts on sediment connectivity from hillslopes to rivers. The dispersion of particle-bound cesium-137 (137Cs) was investigated in two coastal catchments draining the main contamination plume from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Five sampling campaigns were carried out from November 2011 to November 2015, after each typhoon season. The spatial and temporal evolution of 137Cs contamination was investigated through the calculation of 137Cs enrichment ratios in sediment relative to nearby soils. Rainfall erosivity (EI30) associated with the main typhoons that occurred prior to each sampling campaign were computed, mapped, and finally used to improve a topographic-based Index of Connectivity. From 2011 to 2015, mean contamination levels in Mano and Niida catchments decreased from 11.9 kBq kg-1 to 3.3 kBq kg-1 and from 34.1 kBq kg-1 to 8.0 kBq kg-1, respectively. Regional mean EI30 ranged from 262 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 for typhoon Jelawat (2012) to 1695 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 for typhoon Roke (2011). Typhoons Roke (2011) and Etau (2015) showed the highest connectivity from contaminated sources to the rivers, and induced a significant export of sediment to the ocean. In 2013 a slight increase in 137Cs levels in river sediments occurred, likely resulting from initial decontamination works and the occurrence of two consecutive typhoons. Importantly, this research provides new insights into the connectivity of the main sources of sediments contaminated with radiocesium in Fukushima Prefecture and their temporal evolution, which will help with ongoing decontamination efforts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016
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120. Rainfall erosivity in catchments contaminated with fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident

Author: Olivier Cerdan, Caroline Chartin, J. Patrick Laceby, Olivier Evrard, Yuichi Onda, L. Garcia-Sanchez, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coastal plain, 010501 environmental sciences, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Precipitation, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:T, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Tropics, Sediment, Storm, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, Snowmelt, Environmental science, Tropical cyclone, Surface runoff
Abstract: The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 resulted in the fallout of significant quantities of radiocesium over the Fukushima region. After reaching the soil surface, radiocesium is quickly bound to fine soil particles. Thereafter, rainfall and snowmelt run-off events transfer particle-bound radiocesium downstream. Characterizing the precipitation regime of the fallout-impacted region is thus important for understanding post-deposition radiocesium dynamics. Accordingly, 10 min (1995–2015) and daily precipitation data (1977–2015) from 42 meteorological stations within a 100 km radius of the FDNPP were analyzed. Monthly rainfall erosivity maps were developed to depict the spatial heterogeneity of rainfall erosivity for catchments entirely contained within this radius. The mean average precipitation in the region surrounding the FDNPP is 1420 mm yr−1 (SD 235) with a mean rainfall erosivity of 3696 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 yr−1 (SD 1327). Tropical cyclones contribute 22 % of the precipitation (422 mm yr−1) and 40 % of the rainfall erosivity (1462 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 yr−1 (SD 637)). The majority of precipitation (60 %) and rainfall erosivity (82 %) occurs between June and October. At a regional scale, rainfall erosivity increases from the north to the south during July and August, the most erosive months. For the remainder of the year, this gradient occurs mostly from northwest to southeast. Relief features strongly influence the spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity at a smaller scale, with the coastal plains and coastal mountain range having greater rainfall erosivity than the inland Abukuma River valley. Understanding these patterns, particularly their spatial and temporal (both inter- and intraannual) variation, is important for contextualizing soil and particle-bound radiocesium transfers in the Fukushima region. Moreover, understanding the impact of tropical cyclones will be important for managing sediment and sediment-bound contaminant transfers in regions impacted by these events.
Published: 2016
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121. Investigating the source of radiocesium contaminated sediment in two Fukushima coastal catchments with sediment tracing techniques

Author: Sophie Ayrault, Philippe Bonté, Olivier Evrard, Irène Lefèvre, Yuichi Onda, Jean-Louis Joron, Hugo Lepage, J. Patrick Laceby, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de physique des gaz et des plasmas (LPGP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Coastal plain, Drainage basin, Sediment, Soil classification, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, Soil type, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Deposition (geology), 13. Climate action, Soil water, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Alluvium, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident resulted in the fallout of significant quantities of radiocesium. After deposition on the soil surface, rainfall and spring flood events transfer radiocesium downstream. Identifying the source of contaminated sediment is important for managing potential downstream radiocesium contamination. Soil (n = 37) and sediment (n = 211) were sampled from November 2011 to May 2014 in the Mano and the Niida coastal catchments. Two sediment fingerprinting approaches quantified the source of radiocesium contaminated sediment. First, cesium-137 activities in surface soil and sediment samples were modelled to determine the contribution of upstream, more contaminated areas, to sediment transiting the more densely populated coastal plain. Second, elemental geochemistry of three major soil types (zs, Cambisols and Fluvisols) was used to model the relative contribution of these soils to sediment sampled throughout the catchments. In the Niida catchment, 47% (σ 19%) of sediment sampled in the coastal plain was modelled to be derived from the upstream area whereas, it was only 19% (σ 19%) in the Mano catchment. The main factor driving this difference is the presence of a large dam on the main stem of the Mano River. Geochemical modelling results indicated that Fluvisols, an alluvial soil type on which paddy fields are typically cultivated, supply the majority of sediment (μ 76, σ 14%). The results confirm that the management of dams is fundamental to radiocesium migration. Moreover, this research indicates that Fluvisols and concomitantly, rice paddies on this soil type, supply a disproportionate amount of sediment. Managing sediment derived from Fluvisols, while incorporating potential impacts from major dams, should help mitigate the downstream migration of radiocesium contaminated sediment.
Published: 2016
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122. Investigating the relationships between chemical element concentrations and discharge to improve our understanding of their transport patterns in rural catchments under subtropical climate conditions

Author: Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos, Jean Paolo Gomes Minella, Cláudia Alessandra Peixoto de Barros, Rafael Ramon, Tales Tiecher, Olivier Evrard, Sophie Ayrault, Marcos Antonio Bender, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Departamento de Solos [Santa Maria], Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), EMATER/RS-ASCAR, Asociaciòn Riograndense de Emprendimientos de Asistencia Tècnica y Extensiòn Rural, Porto Alegre (Brasile), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Drainage basin, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010501 environmental sciences, Chemical element, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Dissolved organic carbon, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sediment, 15. Life on land, Particulates, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Dilution, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Water quality, Surface runoff
Abstract: International audience; Solute and particulate elemental concentrations (C) exhibit different responses to changes in discharge (Q), and those relationships are not well understood in subtropical agricultural environments. The objective is to describe the transport processes of different chemical elements during a set of contrasted rainfall events (2011–2015) that occurred in a small rural catchment under subtropical climate. The study was carried out in the Lajeado Ferreira Creek catchment (1.23 km2), southern Brazil. To this end, the concentrations in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Cl−, NO3−, SO4−, ten chemical elements (in either dissolved or particulate forms) and suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) were determined. Metric indices were then calculated to characterize their transport patterns: (i) the best fit slope between log-C and log-Q (β), (ii) the coefficient of variation of C and Q, (iii) shape of the hysteresis loop and hysteresis index, and (iv) the flushing index. All particulate elements along with the dissolved inorganic phosphorus (PO4−3) were shown to be controlled by the sediment dynamics. Geogenic elements (Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Si4+) showed a dilution effect with increasing Q values, likely because they were mainly transported with subsurface and base flow. Dissolved elements that are mainly supplied with fertilizers (Na+ and Cl−) as well as DOC showed a dilution effect, although they were mainly transported by surface runoff. Finally, a chemostatic behavior was found for those chemical elements (Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, NO3− and SO42−) that are supplied by more than one flow pathways. The results demonstrate that under subtropical climate conditions, the transport of essential nutrients including PO4−3 and metals (in particulate form), are mainly transported with surface runoff. Accordingly, runoff control on cultivated hillslopes should be improved to reduce the potential contaminant supply to the river and to reduce the potentially deleterious impacts that they may cause in downstream regions.
Published: 2020
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123. A global review of sediment source fingerprinting research incorporating fallout radiocesium (137Cs)

Author: Pierre-Alexis Chaboche, J. Patrick Laceby, Anthony Foucher, Rafael Ramon, Olivier Evrard, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Environmental Monitoring and Science Division of Alberta (EMSD), Alberta Government, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: geography, soil erosion, geography.geographical_feature_category, sediment tracing, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Erosion control, Drainage basin, Sediment, watersheds, Loess plateau, 15. Life on land, Tracing, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sampling design, fallout radionuclides, Physical geography, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Information on the main sources supplying deleterious sediment loads to river systems is needed to improve our understanding of soil erosion processes to better target erosion control measures. In particular, it is important to quantify the respective contributions of surface and subsurface sources to material degrading waterbodies. Radiocesium (137Cs), emitted during thermonuclear bomb testing (~1950–1980) and nuclear accidents provides significant discrimination between surface material exposed to atmospheric fallout and subsurface material sheltered from it. A systematic worldwide review of research articles (n = 123) that used 137Cs to trace sediment sources showed that the United Kingdom (n = 24), Australia (n = 23) and the United States (n = 20) had the highest number of publications utilizing 137Cs in a sediment tracing framework. In contrast, few studies were published for catchments in Africa (n = 9) or South America (n = 2). In the northern hemisphere, positive relationships were evident between 137Cs activities in surface and subsurface sources and the proportion of thermonuclear bomb fallout. However, given the low proportions of fallout received in regions between 0 and 20°N and 0–20°S, the potential application of 137Cs tracing techniques may be limited in this area of the world as well as in agricultural regions with severe soil erosion (i.e. Chinese Loess Plateau and South Africa). In total, 94% of the studies researching surface and subsurface sources that analysed 137Cs as a potential tracing property included this parameter in end-member mixing models. The main challenges for the future of this technique are related to the access to ultra-low background gamma spectrometry facilities and the development of surrogate tracers. Future research should ensure that basic catchment information and details on the sampling design are properly documented to ensure studies are reproducible. Moreover, researchers should provide raw measurement data to help improve our global understanding of 137Cs dynamics in soil erosion research.
Published: 2020
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124. A new method for determining 236U/238U isotope ratios in environmental samples by means OF ICP-MS/MS

Author: Olivier Evrard, Anthony Nonell, Carole Bresson, Frédéric Chartier, Hélène Isnard, Hugo Jaegler, Fabien Pointurier, Amélie Hubert, Silvia Diez-Fernández, Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces (SEARS), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Uranium-236, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Radioactive contamination, Uranium oxide, MC-ICP-MS, Fukushima, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, spectral interferences, Isotopes of uranium, Isotope, Hydride, 010401 analytical chemistry, ICP-MS/MS, Uranium, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, 16 environmental samples, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry
Abstract: International audience; The $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U isotope ratio is a widely used tracer, which provides information on source identification forsafeguard purposes, nuclear forensic studies and environmental monitoring. This paper describes an originalapproach to determine $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U ratios, below 10$^{−8}$, in environmental samples by combination of ICP-MS/MS for $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U ratio and multiple collector ICPMS measurements for $^{235}$U/$^{238}$U and $^{234}$U/$^{235}$U isotope ratios.Since the hydride form of U$^+$ (UOH$^+$) is less prone to occur than UH$^+$, we were focused on the oxidisedforms of uranium in order to reduce hydride based-interferences in ICP-MS/MS. Then, in-cell ion-moleculereactions with O$_2$ and CO$_2$ were assessed to detect the uranium isotopes in mass-shift mode (Q1: U$^+$ → Q2:UO$^+$). The performances in terms of UO$^+$ sensitivity and minimisation of hydride form of UO$^+$ were evaluatedusing five different desolvating systems. The best conditions, using an Apex $\Omega$ or an Aridus system, produceduranium oxide hydride rate ($^{235}$U$^{16}$O1H$^+$/$^{235}$U$^{16}$O+) of about 10$^{-7}$ with O$^2$ in the collision cell.The method was validated through measurements of two certified IRMM standards with $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U isotoperatio of 1.245×10$^{17}$ and 1.052×10$^{-8}$, giving results in agreement with certified reference values. The relativestandard deviations on seven independent measurements for each standard were respectively of 1.5% and6.2%. Finally, environmental samples corresponding to sediments from the radioactive contamination plumeemitted by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident were analysed after a well-established uraniumchemical separation procedure. $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U atomic ratios between 1.5×10$^{-8}$ and 7×10$^{-9}$ were obtained with a level accuracy lower than 20%.
Published: 2020
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125. Impact of urban pressure on the spatial and temporal dynamics of PAH fluxes in an urban tributary of the Seine River (France)

Author: Johnny Gasperi, Olivier Evrard, Emilie Caupos, Claire Froger, Cécile Quantin, Gaël Monvoisin, Sophie Ayrault, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Drainage basin, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Rivers, Urbanization, PAH mass balance, 11. Sustainability, Tributary, Environmental Chemistry, atmospheric fallout, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Urban runoff, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, Air Pollutants, geography.geographical_feature_category, hydrological regime, Land use, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, Particulates, Contamination, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produced by numerous anthropogenic activities are ubiquitous in the environment and have become a priority concern due to their potential severe biological impacts. A better understanding of PAH transfer at the catchment scale is therefore necessary to improve the management of PAH contaminants and protect rivers. Furthermore, the impact of changes in hydrological regimes and land uses on PAH fluxes should be specifically investigated. Accordingly, the current research monitors the contamination in atmospheric fallout, soils and rivers in a 950-km2 catchment (Orge River) characterized by an increasing urban gradient in downstream direction. During an entire hydrological year, river water contamination was quantified through regular sampling of both particulate and dissolved material at four river-monitoring stations, reflecting the increasing urbanization gradient. The significant input of PAHs from urban areas in downstream river sections corresponded to a specific PAH flux that reached 23 g km−2 y−1 despite the low sediment yield. Moreover, the comparison with runoff-specific fluxes reported in the literature underlined the major impact of urban runoff on the Orge River water and sediment quality. Nevertheless, the annual PAH load exported by the river (21 kg y−1) remained lower than the PAH inputs from atmospheric fallout (173 kg y−1), demonstrating the continuous accumulation of PAH from atmospheric fallout in the catchment soils. Consequently, the notably large PAH stock (close to 1000 tons) resulting from historical contamination of this early-industrialized region continues to increase due to ongoing atmospheric inputs.
Published: 2018
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126. Chapter 3 Geopolitical Ecologies of Tourism and the Transboundary Haze Disaster in Thailand, Laos and Myanmar

Author: Olivier Evrard and Mary Mostafanezhad
Subjects: Critical discourse analysis, Haze, Geography, Work (electrical), Mobilities, Economy, Ethnography, Social media, Geopolitics, Tourism
Abstract: In this chapter, the authors use emerging works on geopolitical ecologies to analyze the relations between tourism and the transboundary haze disaster in northern Thailand. The region’s ‘smoky season’, which occurs between February and April of each year, has become a recurring seasonal haze disaster that is reported to be the combined result of biomass burning and urban air pollution. Drawing on ethnographic research among urban tourism practitioners, as well as a critical discourse analysis of popular and social media reports and commentaries, the authors argue that geopolitical discourses of transboundary haze production are shaped by tourists and the tourism industry in ways that perpetuate inequitably distributed disaster risk. Transboundary haze, the authors further contend, has become an ecological actor that co-produces discourses of escape among mobile tourists and residents. This research contributes to emerging work that conceptualises the geopolitical ecologies of transboundary environmental disasters in relation to tourism mobilities in southeast Asia.
Published: 2018
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127. Depth distribution of radiocesium in Fukushima paddy fields and implications for ongoing decontamination works

Author: J. P. Laceby, Sophie Ayrault, Hugo Lepage, Olivier Evrard, Yuichi Onda, Irène Lefèvre, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Hydrology, Radionuclide, Soil core, Geography, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], law, Human exposure, Soil water, Nuclear power plant, Paddy field, Human decontamination, Contamination, law.invention
Abstract: International audience; Large quantities of radiocesium were deposited across a 3000 km2 area northwest of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant after the March 2011 accident. Although many studies have investigated the fate of radiocesium in soil in the months following the accident, the potential migration of this radioactive contaminant in rice paddy fields requires further examination after the typhoons that occurred in this region. Such investigations will help minimize potential human exposure in rice paddy fields or transfer of radioactive contaminants from soils to rice. Radionuclide activity concentrations and organic content were analysed in 10 soil cores sampled from paddy fields in November 2013, 20 km north of the Fukushima power plant. Our results demonstrate limited depth migration of radiocesium with the majority concentrated in the uppermost layers of soils (< 5 cm). More than 30 months after the accident, 81.5 to 99.7% of the total 137Cs inventories was still found within the < 5 cm of the soil surface, despite cumulative rainfall totalling 3300 mm. Furthermore, there were no significant correlations between radiocesium migration depth and total organic carbon content. We attributed the maximum depth penetration of 137Cs to maintenance (grass cutting - 97% of 137Cs in the upper 5 cm) and farming operations (tilling - 83% of 137Cs in the upper 5 cm). As this area is exposed to erosive events, ongoing decontamination works may increase soil erodibility. We therefore recommend the rapid removal of the uppermost - contaminated - layer of the soil after removing the vegetation to avoid erosion of contaminated material during the subsequent rainfall events. Remediation efforts should be concentrated on soils characterised by radiocesium activities > 10 000 Bq kg-1 to prevent the contamination of rice. Further analysis is required to clarify the redistribution of radiocesium eroded on river channels.
Published: 2018

128. Plutonium isotopic signatures in soils and their variation (2011-2014) in sediment transiting a coastal river in the Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

Author: Hugo Jaegler, Maëva Cirella, Yuichi Onda, Fabien Pointurier, Amélie Hubert, Olivier Evrard, J. Patrick Laceby, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Mass Spectrometry, Panoply, Soil, Japan, Rivers, Radiation Monitoring, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Radioisotopes, Radionuclide, Sediment, General Medicine, Contamination, Pollution, Plutonium, Plume, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Nuclear Power Plants, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, Environmental science, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident resulted in a significant release of radionuclides that were deposited on soils in Northeastern Japan. Plutonium was detected at trace levels in soils and sediments collected around the FDNPP. However, little is known regarding the spatial-temporal variation of plutonium in sediment transiting rivers in the region. In this study, plutonium isotopic compositions were first measured in soils (n = 5) in order to investigate the initial plutonium deposition. Then, plutonium isotopic compositions were measured on flood sediment deposits (n = 12) collected after major typhoon events in 2011, 2013 and 2014. After a thorough radiochemical purification, isotopic ratios ($^{240}$Pu/$^{239}$Pu, $^{241}$Pu/$^{239}$Pu and $^{242}$Pu/$^{239}$Pu) were measured with a Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer (MC ICP-MS), providing discrimination between plutonium derived from global fallout, from atmospheric nuclear weapon tests, and plutonium derived from the FDNPP accident. Results demonstrate that soils with the most Fukushima-derived plutonium were in the main radiocaesium plume and that there was a variable mixture of plutonium sources in the flood sediment samples. Plutonium concentrations and isotopic ratios generally decreased between 2011 and 2014, reflecting the progressive erosion and transport of contaminated sediment in this coastal river during flood events. Exceptions to this general trend were attributed to the occurrence of decontamination works or the remobilisation of contaminated material during typhoons. The different plutonium concentrations and isotopic ratios obtained on three aliquots of a single sample suggest that the Fukushima-derived plutonium was likely borne by discrete plutonium-containing particles. In the future, these particles should be isolated and further characterized in order to better understand the fate of this long-lived radionuclide in the environment.
Published: 2018
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129. Residence rule flexibility and descent groups dynamics shape uniparental genetic diversities in South East Asia

Author: Goki Ly, Gérard Diffloth, Olivier Evrard, Samuel Pavard, Frédéric Bourdier, Bérénice Alard, Sophie Lafosse, Chou Monidarin, Bruno Toupance, Raphaëlle Chaix, Romain Laurent, Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), UMR Développement et Sociétés, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Male, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, inbreeding, human genetics, mitochondrial DNA, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA, Mitochondrial, Anthropology, Physical, 03 medical and health sciences, behaviour Keywords: residence rule, Humans, Subject Areas: genetics, 10. No inequality, Social organization, education, Asia, Southeastern, media_common, Genetic diversity, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Y, Y chromosome, matrilineal puzzle, inbreeding, behaviour Keywords: residence rule, Subject Areas: genetics, patrilocal, matrilocal, human genetics, Genetic Variation, matrilineal puzzle, Emigration and Immigration, matrilocal, kinship system, 030104 developmental biology, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, Anthropology, Genetic structure, patrilocal, Matrilocal residence, Residence, Female, Anatomy, Inbreeding, Diversity (politics), Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Objectives Social organization plays a major role in shaping human population genetic diversity. In particular, matrilocal populations tend to exhibit less mitochondrial diversity than patrilocal populations, and the other way around for Y chromosome diversity. However, several studies have not replicated such findings. The objective of this study is to understand the reasons for such inconsistencies and further evaluate the influence of social organization on genetic diversity. Materials and methods We explored uniparental diversity patterns using mitochondrial HV1 sequences and 17 Y-linked short tandem repeats (STRs) in 12 populations (n = 619) from mainland South-East Asia exhibiting a wide range of social organizations, along with quantitative ethno-demographic information sampled at the individual level. Results MtDNA diversity was lower in matrilocal than in multilocal and patrilocal populations while Y chromosome diversity was similar among these social organizations. The reasons for such asymmetry at the genetic level were understood by quantifying sex-specific migration rates from our ethno-demographic data: while female migration rates varied between social organizations, male migration rates did not. This unexpected lack of difference in male migrations resulted from a higher flexibility in residence rule in patrilocal than in matrilocal populations. In addition, our data suggested an impact of clan fission process on uniparental genetic patterns. Conclusions The observed lack of signature of patrilocality on Y chromosome patterns might be attributed to the higher residence flexibility in the studied patrilocal populations, thus providing a potential explanation for the apparent discrepancies between social and genetic structures. Altogether, this study highlights the need to quantify the actual residence and descent patterns to fit social to genetic structures.
Published: 2018
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130. Tracing the sources of suspended sediment and particle-bound trace metal elements in an urban catchment coupling elemental and isotopic geochemistry, and fallout radionuclides

Author: Claire, Froger, Sophie, Ayrault, Olivier, Evrard, Gaël, Monvoisin, Louise, Bordier, Irène, Lefèvre, and Cécile, Quantin
Subjects: Radioactive Fallout, Radioisotopes, Geologic Sediments, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Recent sediment, Urbanization, Legacy contamination, Agriculture, Road deposited sediment, Floods, Lead isotopes, Isotopes, Lead, Rivers, Metals, France, Sediment fingerprinting, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring, Research Article
Abstract: The excessive supply of contaminants from urban areas to rivers during the last centuries has led to deleterious impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The sources, the behavior, and the dynamics of these contaminants must be better understood in order to reduce this excessive anthropogenic pollution. Accordingly, the current research investigated the particle-bound trace element (TE) contamination of the 900-km2 Orge River (Seine basin, France) and the potential sources of these particles (agricultural or forest soils, channel banks, road deposited sediments), through the analysis of multiple fallout radionuclides, elemental geochemistry, and lead isotopic composition on suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected during a hydrological year at four stations following an increasing urbanization gradient (300 to 5000 inhab.km−2). Fallout radionuclide measurements showed an increasing contribution of recently eroded particles from urban areas to the SPM in downstream direction. However, this contribution varied depending on hydrological conditions. A greater contribution of particles originating from urban areas was observed during low stage periods. On the contrary, the contribution of agricultural soils and channel banks that are less enriched in contaminants and fallout radionuclides was higher during seasonal floods, which explained the dilution of radionuclide contents in sediment transiting the river during those events. Trace element contamination of SPM in Cu, Zn, Pb, and Sb increased from moderate to significant levels with urban pressure in downstream direction (with corresponding enrichment factors raising from 2 to 6). In addition, Pb isotopic ratios indicated that the main source of Pb corresponded to the “urban” signature found in road deposited sediments. The low variations in lead isotope ratios found in the SPM for contrasting hydrological conditions demonstrated the occurrence of a single source of Pb contamination. These results demonstrate the need to better manage urban runoff during both flood and low precipitation events to prevent the supply of diffuse particle-bound contamination to rivers draining urban areas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11356-018-2892-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

131. 'Bernard Formoso, ed.. - Sociétés civiles d'Asie du Sud Est continentale : entre pilotage d'État et initiatives citoyennes. - Lyon, ENS Éd., 2016, 285 p. (De l'Orient à l'Occident)' [Compte rendu de lecture]

Author: Olivier Evrard
Published: 2018

132. Source dynamics of radiocesium-contaminated particulate matter deposited in an agricultural water reservoir after the Fukushima nuclear accident

Author: Yuichi Onda, Sylvain Huon, Hideki Tsuji, J. Patrick Laceby, Olivier Evrard, Seiji Hayashi, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Institute for Environmental Science [Fukushima], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tsukuba, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Deposition (geology), FDNPP, Source soil tracing, Japan, Radiation Monitoring, Farm water, Environmental Chemistry, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive, Organic matter, Waste Management and Disposal, Sediment fingerprinting, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Stable isotopes, Hydrology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Environmental engineering, Sediment, Water, Particulates, Contamination, Pollution, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Cesium Radioisotopes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Particulate Matter, Surface water
Abstract: The Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan resulted in the deposition of radiocesium over forested and rural landscapes northwest of the power plant. Although there have been several investigations into the dynamics of contaminated river sediment, less attention has been paid to the sources of deposited particulate matter in dams and reservoirs. In the Fukushima Prefecture, there are 10 significant dams and over a 1000 reservoirs for both agricultural and surface water management. These reservoirs may have trapped a significant volume of radiocesium-contaminated sediment. Therefore, characterizing the sources of contaminated particulate matter is important for the ongoing management of contamination in the region. Accordingly, the composition of particulate matter deposited in the Mano Dam reservoir, approximately 40km northwest of the power plant, was investigated with the analyses and modelling of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ
Published: 2018
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133. Quantifying the dominant sources of sediment in a drained lowland agricultural catchment: The application of a thorium-based particle size correction in sediment fingerprinting

Author: Patrick Laceby, Marc Desmet, Marion Le Gall, Olivier Cerdan, Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, Olivier Evrard, Vignesh L Rajkumar, Irène Lefèvre, Anthony Foucher, GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), This work was supported by grants from the Loire-Brittany Water Agency (TrackSed and Drastic projects)., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), AELB, Université de Tours (UT), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Drainage basin, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Dominance (ecology), [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Drainage, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, Radionuclide, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Flood myth, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, Land degradation, Water quality, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Soil erosion is one of the main factors influencing land degradation and water quality at the global scale. Identifying the main sediment sources is therefore essential for the implementation of appropriate soil erosion mitigation measures. Accordingly, caesium-137 (137Cs) concentrations were used to determine the relative contribution of surface and subsurface erosion sources in a lowland drained catchment in France. As 137Cs concentrations are often dependent on particle size, specific surface area (SSA) and novel thorium (Th) based particle size corrections were applied. Surface and subsurface samples were collected to characterize the radionuclide properties of potential sources. Sediment samples were collected during one hydrological year and a sediment core was sampled to represent sediment accumulated over a longer temporal period. Additionally, sediment from tile drains was sampled to determine the radionuclide properties of sediment exported from the drainage network. A distribution modelling approach was used to quantify the relative sediment contributions from surface and subsurface sources. The results highlight a substantial enrichment in fine particles and associated 137Cs concentrations between the sources and the sediment. The application of both correction factors reduced this difference, with the Th correction providing a more accurate comparison of source and sediment samples than the SSA correction. Modelling results clearly indicate the dominance of surface sources during the flood events and in the sediment core. Sediment exported from the drainage network was modelled to originate predominantly from surface sources. This study demonstrates the potential of Th to correct for 137Cs particle size enrichment. More importantly, this research indicates that drainage networks may significantly increase the connectivity of surface sources to stream networks. Managing sediment transferred through drainage networks may reduce the deleterious effects of suspended sediment loads on riverine systems in similar lowland drained agricultural catchments.
Published: 2015
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134. Preface—Addressing challenges to advance sediment fingerprinting research

Author: Hugh Smith, William H. Blake, Olivier Evrard, Philip N. Owens, University of Liverpool, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plymouth University, University of Northern British Columbia [Prince George] (UNBC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Hydrology, Stratigraphy, Sediment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015
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135. Cristalliser l’histoire

Author: Annabel Vallard, Olivier Evrard, and Bérénice Bellina
Subjects: General Materials Science
Abstract: La Thailande peninsulaire compte peu de vestiges archeologiques a l'exception de perles qui cristallisent des passions devorantes. Collectees, portees, commercialisees, elles font regulierement la une des journaux. A partir d'une enquete ethnographique realisee aupres de la mission archeologique franco-thaie en peninsule thaie-malaise, cet article eclaire les pratiques de collecte de ces perles par divers acteurs locaux, et envisage les discours et representations parfois contradictoires auxquels elles donnent lieu.
Published: 2015
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136. A comparison of geological and statistical approaches to element selection for sediment fingerprinting

Author: J. P. Laceby, Olivier Evrard, Joe McMahon, Jon Olley, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University [Brisbane], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Stratigraphy, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Geochemical fingerprinting, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Impact modelling, Discriminant Function, South east, Distribution model, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Selection (genetic algorithm), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, Australia, Sediment, Statistical model, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 6. Clean water, Function analysis, Analyses, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Sediment provenance, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Reservoir capacity, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: Elevated sediment loads reduce reservoir capacity and significantly increase the cost of operating water treatment infrastructure making the management of sediment supply to reservoirs of increasing importance. Sediment fingerprinting techniques can be used to model the relative contributions of different sources of sediment accumulating in reservoirs. The goal of this research is to compare geological and statistical approaches to element selection for sediment fingerprinting modelling. Materials and methods: Time-integrated samplers (n=45) were used to obtain source samples from four major subcatchments flowing into the Baroon Pocket Dam in South East Queensland, Australia. The geochemistry of these potential sources were compared to sediment cores (n=12) sampled in the reservoir. Elements that provided expected, observed and statistical discrimination between sediment sources were selected for modelling with the geological approach. Two statistical approaches selected elements for modelling with the Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Discriminatory Function Analysis (DFA).In particular, two approaches to the DFA were adopted to investigate the importance of element selection on modelling results. A distribution model determined the relative contributions of difference sources to sediment sampled in the Baroon Pocket Dam. Results and discussion: Elemental discrimination was expected between one subcatchment (Obi Obi Creek) and the remaining subcatchments (Lexys, Falls and Bridge Creek). Six major elements were expected to provide discrimination. Of these six, only Fe2O3 and SiO2 provided expected, observed and statistical discrimination. Modelling results with this geological approach indicated 36% (+/- 9%) of sediment sampled in the reservoir cores were from mafic-derived sources and 64% (+/- 9%) were from felsic-derived sources. The geological and the first statistical approach differed by only 1% (σ 5%) for 5 out of 6 model groupings with only the Lexys Creek modelling results differing significantly (35%). The statistical model with expanded elemental selection differed from the geological model by an average of 30% for all 6 models. Conclusions: Elemental selection for sediment fingerprinting therefore has the potential to impact modeling results. Accordingly we believe it is important to incorporate both robust geological and statistical approaches when selecting elements for sediment fingerprinting. For the Baroon Pocket Dam, management should focus on reducing the supply of sediments derived from felsic sources in each of the subcatchments.
Published: 2015
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137. Tracking the origin and dispersion of contaminated sediments transported by rivers draining the Fukushima radioactive contaminant plume

Author: Yuichi Onda, Hugo Lepage, Ayrault Sophie, Olivier Evrard, Caroline Chartin, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coastal plain, enrichment factor, radio-caesium, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, soil, Spring (hydrology), [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Fukushima, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Sediment, General Medicine, erosion, 6. Clean water, Plume, lcsh:Geology, sediment, 13. Climate action, Snowmelt, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Soil water, Erosion, Enrichment factor, Geology
Abstract: This study was conducted in several catchments draining the main Fukushima Dai-ichi Power Plant contaminant plume in Fukushima prefecture, Japan. We collected soils and sediment drape deposits (n = 128) and investigated the variation in 137Cs enrichment during five sampling campaigns, conducted every six months, which typically occurred after intense erosive events such as typhoons and snowmelt. We show that upstream contaminated soils are eroded during summer typhoons (June–October) before being exported during the spring snowmelt (March–April). However, this seasonal cycle of sediment dispersion is further complicated by the occurrence of dam releases that may discharge large amounts of contaminants to the coastal plains during the coming years.
Published: 2015
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138. Tracing the origin of suspended sediment in a large Mediterranean river by combining continuous river monitoring and measurement of artificial and natural radionuclides

Author: Mathilde Zebracki, Frédérique Eyrolle-Boyer, Olivier Evrard, Brice Mourier, Stéphanie Gairoard, Christelle Antonelli, David Claval, X. Cagnat, Laboratoire d'Etudes Radioécologiques des milieux Continental et marin (IRSN/PRP-ENV/SESURE/LERCM), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe 5 - Impacts des Polluants sur les Écosystèmes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mesure de la Radioactivité dans l'Environnement (IRSN/DEI/STEME/LMRE), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Laboratoire d'Etudes Radioécologiques des milieux Continental et marin, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Impacts des Polluants sur les Écosystèmes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), IRSN - LABORATOIRE DE MESURE DE LA RADIOACTIVITE DANS L'ENVIRONNEMENT, IRSN - LABORATOIRE DE MESURE DE LA RADIOACTIVITE DANS L'ENVIRONNEMENT,Bois des Rames, 91400, Orsay, France, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Geologic Sediments, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Environmental Engineering, Lithology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Deposition (geology), Mediterranean sea, Rivers, Rhone River, Tributary, Environmental Chemistry, [SDE.MCG.DELT]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes/domain_sde.mcg.delt, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, 14. Life underwater, Fingerprinting, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Waste Management and Disposal, Radionuclides, Hydrology, Radionuclide, geography, [SDE.MCG.SIC]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes/domain_sde.mcg.sic, geography.geographical_feature_category, Flood myth, Sediment, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Cesium Radioisotopes, 13. Climate action, Suspended sediment, France, Sediment origin, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Geology, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Delivery of suspended sediment from large rivers to marine environments has important environmental impacts on coastal zones. In France, the Rhone River (catchment area of 98,000 km2) is by far the main supplier of sediment to the Mediterranean Sea and its annual solid discharge is largely controlled by flood events. This study investigates the relevance of alternative and original fingerprinting techniques based on the relative abundances of a series of radionuclides measured routinely at the Rhone River outlet to quantify the relative contribution of sediment supplied by the main tributaries during floods. Floods were classified according to the relative contribution of the main subcatchments (i.e., Oceanic, Cevenol, extensive Mediterranean and generalised). Between 2000 and 2012, 221 samples of suspended sediment were collected at the outlet and were shown to be representative of all flood types that occurred during the last decade. Three geogenic radionuclides (i.e., 238U, 232Th and 40K) were used as fingerprints in a multivariate mixing model in order to estimate the relative contribution of the main subcatchment sources—characterised by different lithologies—in sediment samples collected at the outlet. Results showed that total sediment supply originating from Pre-Alpine, Upstream, and Cevenol sources amounted to 10, 7 and 2.10^6 tons, respectively. These results highlight the role of Pre-Alpine tributaries as the main sediment supplier (53%) to the Rhone River during floods. Other fingerprinting approaches based on artificial radionuclide activity ratios (i.e., 137Cs/239 + 240Pu and 238Pu/239 + 240Pu) were tested and provided a way to quantify sediment remobilisation or the relative contributions of the southern tributaries. In the future, fingerprinting methods based on natural radionuclides should be further applied to catchments with heterogeneous lithologies. Methods based on artificial radionuclides should be further applied to catchments characterised by heterogeneous post-Chernobyl 137Cs deposition or by specific releases of radioactive effluents.
Published: 2015
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139. Tracing Sediment Sources Using Strontium Isotopes in a Pond Draining an Agricultural Catchment (Loire River Basin, France)

Author: Anthony Foucher, Olivier Evrard, Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, Sophie Ayrault, Marion Le Gall, Olivier Cerdan, François Thil, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), AELB, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, mass balance equation, core sediment, Drainage basin, chemistry.chemical_element, Earth and Planetary Sciences(all), 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, end-member, 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, Strontium, geography.geographical_feature_category, soil erosion, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotopic ratio, Sediment, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Particulates, 6. Clean water, Isotopes of strontium, Siltation, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Soil conservation, Calcareous, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Soil erosion in agricultural catchments leads to the accelerate supply of sediment to rivers. Here, we determine the sources contributing to the siltation of a pond in the Louroux catchment (24 km², French Loire River basin), representative of lowland agricultural environments of Northwestern Europe. Strontium isotopic ratios were determined in potential sources and sediment core samples collected in the Louroux pond, at the outlet of the catchment. These ratios were shown to provide good discrimination between different sediment sources (soil, suspended particulate matter, calcareous rock samples), and their respective contributions were calculated using mass balance equations. These results should be used to guide the implementation of soil conservation measures to limit sediment supply to the Louroux River.
Published: 2015
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140. Hydro-sedimentary Dynamics of a Drained Agricultural Headwater Catchment: A Nested Monitoring Approach

Author: Rosalie Vandromme, Anthony Foucher, Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, I. Pene-Galland, Louis Manière, Olivier Evrard, Thomas Grangeon, Olivier Cerdan, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), AELB, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, Université Francois Rabelais [Tours], LEM, UMR 104 CNRS-ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], and ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Soil Science, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Drainage, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, business.industry, Flooding (psychology), Sediment, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, Catchment hydrology, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Tile drainage, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, Environmental science, Sedimentary rock, business
Abstract: International audience; Soil erosion and sediment transfer are extensive in lowland agricultural catchments. In these environments, high-frequency datasets of both water discharge and suspended sediment concentrations are often lacking. In particular, the impact of tile drainage networks on sediment fluxes in these catchments is poorly understood. Our research quantified sediment fluxes between 2013 and 2016 at five nested stations including a tile drain outlet across a small (25-km(2)) agricultural catchment (located in the Loire River basin, France) representative of lowland cultivated environments of the middle part of this basin. Sediment fluxes varied from 1 to 38 t km(-2) yr(-1) across the monitored subcatchments. Most of sediment fluxes (79 +/- 9%) were measured during flood events (n = 44), mostly occurring in winter (75%) and spring (20%). Seasonality controlled most of the variations of sediment fluxes. Sediment transfers in tile drains occurred episodically. Flows were measured during 11.4% of the monitoring time. A mean time lag of 80 min was recorded between the peak discharge at the drain outlet and the downstream river station. At the event scale, sediment fluxes exported from the tile drain varied between 1.1 x 10(-4) and 2.5 t km(-2) and remained of the same order of magnitude as those measured at the downstream river station, although the latter were on average 53% lower. Results suggest significant storage of sediment material in the river channel and its export during the most intense flood events. Our research emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of water and sediment transfers in agricultural catchments equipped with tile drains.
Published: 2017
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141. Accroissement de la contribution des sources d'érosion aux rivières et plans d'eau (1950-2010) : le cas du Louroux (Indre-et-Loire, France)

Author: Olivier Cerdan, Jean-Paul Bakyono, Marc Desmet, Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, Marion Le Gall, John-Patrick Laceby, Louis Manière, Olivier Evrard, Irène Lefèvre, Anthony Foucher, Rosalie Vandromme, Thomas Grangeon, GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), AELB, Université de Tours (UT), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0208 environmental biotechnology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Forestry, 02 engineering and technology, 15. Life on land, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Siltation, 020801 environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; Soil erosion is recognized as one of the main processes triggering the physical and chemical degradation of water bodies. Although erosive dynamics have been widely described in morphogenic areas, much less is known about this process in lowland agricultural catchments.To address this issue, a multidisciplinary study was carried out at the scale of a small agricultural lowland catchment (Louroux catchment, France, 25 km (2)) to reconstruct the evolution of the soil erosion rates and sources, from the hillslopes to the deposition areas in the water bodies. This study's goal is specifically to understand the impact of changes in land use and agricultural practices after 1950 (field re-design, ditch creation, drainage) on sediment dynamics For this purpose, sediment cores were collected in a medieval pond (870AD) located at the outlet of the catchment. These cores have been dated and used to reconstruct the temporal variations in sediment fluxes over time (from 1954 to 2013). In addition, sediment sources were identified using fallout radionuclide measurements (cesium-137 and beryllium7 / excess lead-210 ratios). These results will contribute to the implementation of effective management measures to reduce the transfer of sediments from the hillslopes to the hydrosystems.; 14 15 L'érosion des sols est reconnue comme étant l'un des principaux processus à l'origine de la dégradation physico-16 chimique des masses d'eau. Les phénomènes érosifs, largement décrits en contexte morphogène, restent pourtant 17 peu étudiés en contexte de plaine. 18 Pour combler ce manque, une étude pluridisciplinaire a été menée à l'échelle d'un petit bassin versant (25 km²) 19 de plaine agricole drainée pour reconstruire l'évolution des taux et des sources d'érosion, depuis les zones 20 d'accumulation de matière jusqu'aux zones sources. Cette étude vise ainsi à comprendre l'impact des 21 aménagements intervenus dans le bassin après 1950 (remembrements, création de fossés, drainage) sur la 22 dynamique sédimentaire actuelle et passée. 23 À cette fin, des carottages ont été réalisés dans un étang médiéval (870AD) localisé à l'exutoire du bassin versant 24 du Louroux (France). Les carottes ont été datées et ont permis de reconstruire les variations temporelles du flux 25 sédimentaire (de 1954 à 2013), mais aussi de les associer avec les changements d'usage des sols. Par ailleurs, les 26 sources de sédiments ont été identifiées à partir de mesures de radionucléides (césium 137 et rapport béryllium 27 7/plomb 210 en excès). Ces résultats vont permettre de guider la mise en place d'aménagements pour lutter contre 28 le départ de matière sur les versants. 29 MOTS CLEFS : érosion, sédiment, colmatage, archive sédimentaire, traçage 30 31 Increase of erosion source contributions to rivers and lakes (1950-2010): 32 the case of the Louroux Pond (Central France) 33 Soil erosion is recognized as one of the main processes triggering the physical and chemical degradation of water 34 bodies. Although erosive dynamics have been widely described in morphogenic areas, much less is known about 35 this process in lowland agricultural catchments. 36 To address this issue, a multidisciplinary study was carried out at the scale of a small agricultural lowland 37 catchment (Louroux catchment, France, 25 km²) to reconstruct the evolution of the soil erosion rates and sources, 38 from the hillslopes to the deposition areas in the water bodies. This study's goal is specifically to understand the 39 impact of changes in land use and agricultural practices after 1950 (field redesign , ditch creation, drainage) on 40 sediment dynamics 41 For this purpose, sediment cores were collected in a medieval pond (870AD) located at the outlet of the 42 catchment. These cores have been dated and used to reconstruct the temporal variations in sediment fluxes over 43 time (from 1954 to 2013). In addition, sediment sources were identified using fallout radionuclide measurements 44 (cesium-137 and beryllium7 / excess lead-210 ratios). These results will contribute to the implementation of 45 effective management measures to reduce the transfer of sediments from the hillslopes to the hydrosystems. 46 KEY WORDS: erosion, sediment, siltation, lake deposits, sediment fingerprinting 47 48 49
Published: 2017
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142. Quantification of suspended sediment transfers in a lowland agricultural catchment

Author: Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, Louis Manière, Thomas Grangeon, Olivier Cerdan, Olivier Evrard, Anthony Foucher, Rosalie Vandromme, GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Evrard, Olivier, Université de Tours (UT), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, parasitic diseases, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Lowland agricultural landscapes underwent important changes since the second half of the XXth century such as hedges removal, implementation of drainage systems, stream redesign and land reallocation. It resulted in changes in sediment transfer processes, and in widespread morphological alterations of water bodies. However, little is known about the sediment dynamics in these environments. The Louroux catchment (25 km 2) is located in central France. It is a typical intensively cultivated and tile drained lowland catchment. The Xth century pond located at its outlet (52 ha) is undergoing large siltation, with a current sedimentation rate 60 fold higher than the pre-1950 period. Five monitoring stations, measuring water levels and turbidity at high frequency (15 mn and 1 mn respectively), combined with automatic samplers, were implemented in 2013. Three stations are located at the main tributaries outlets of the pond, one in a sub-catchment, and one at a tile drain outlet. 45 floods were observed during the three studied hydrological years. They occurred mostly between December and March (33 floods) and in May-June (8 floods). Specific sediment yields ranged from 0.02 to 0.38 t.ha-1.yr-1 depending on the monitoring site and the considered year. The vast majority of suspended sediment transfers occur during the winter floods. While large water volumes were also measured during spring floods, the sediment yields remained low. Suspended sediment yields present large inter-annual (ratio ranging between 2 and 6 depending on the monitoring station) and spatial variations, due to significant differences in total rainfall amounts during the winter season and variations in land use, respectively. The processes related to sediment transfers are most likely linked to soil saturation during winter despite the presence of a tile drainage network, with transfers occurring both at the soil surface and through the drainage system. While sediment transfer rates can be considered as low regarding values measured in other environments, they are sufficient to cause, in conjunction with eutrophication processes, a filling of the pond that should be complete in 50 to 100 years. Although lowlands show very limited morphogenic activity, it is crucial to determine appropriate management strategies to limit these sediment transfers to water bodies.
Published: 2017

143. Quantification of vertical solid matter transfers in soils during pedogenesis by a multi-tracer approach

Author: Marianna Jagercikova, Didier Bourlès, Christine Hatté, Olivier Evrard, Jérôme Balesdent, Sophie Cornu, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Géochimie des Sols et des Eaux (URGSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-10-BLANC-605], French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), INSU/CNRS, ANR through the 'Projets thematiques d'excellence' program for the 'Equipements d'excellence' ASTER-CEREGE action [ANR-10-EQPX-24-1], IRD, CEA, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Clay translocation, Stratigraphy, Soil science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, 0–2-μm fraction, Cosmonuclides, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, TRACER, Numerical modeling, Diffusion (business), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Organic carbon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Total organic carbon, Advection, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Pedogenesis, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, δ13C, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Particle, Fallout radionuclides, Bioturbation, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: Vertical transfer of solid matter in soils (bioturbation and translocation) is responsible for changes in soil properties over time through the redistribution of most of the soil constituents with depth. Such transfers are, however, still poorly quantified.Materials and methods: In this study, we examine matter transfer in four eutric Luvisols through an isotopic approach based on 137Cs, 210Pb(xs), and meteoric 10Be. These isotopes differ with respect to chemical behavior, input histories, and half-lives, which allows us to explore a large time range. Their vertical distributions were modeled by a diffusion-advection equation with depth-dependent parameters. We estimated a set of advection and diffusion coefficients able to simulate all isotope depth distributions and validated the resulting model by comparing the depth distribution of organic carbon (including 12/13C and 14C isotopes) and of the 0–2-μm particles with the data.Results and discussion: We showed that (i) the model satisfactorily reproduces the organic carbon, 13C, and 14C depth distributions, indicating that organic carbon content and age can be explained by transport without invoking depth-dependent decay rates; (ii) translocation partly explains the 0–2-μm particle accumulation in the Bt horizon; and (iii) estimates of diffusion coefficients that quantify the soil mixing rate by bioturbation are significantly higher for the studied plots than those obtained by ecological studies.Conclusions: This study presents a model capable of satisfactorily reproducing the isotopic profiles of several tracers and simulating the distribution of organic carbon and the translocation of 0–2-μm particles.
Published: 2017
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144. Un exemple de trajectoire environnementale: la contamination métallique de la Seine, la Spree, la Senne et le Lambro (1950-2010)

Author: Michel Meybeck, Laurence Lestel, Karin Winklhofer, Luigi Viganò, Olivier Evrard, and Philippe Bonté
Subjects: metalli in tracce, carote di sedimento, antropizzazione, qualità ambiente fluviale
Abstract: Confronto dell'andamento temporale della contaminazione da metalli in tracce nei bacini fluviali di quattro importanti città Europee: Berlino, Bruxells, Milano e Parigi. Lo studio ricostruisce l'andamento di tale contaminazione grazie all'analisi di carote di sedimento prelevate dal letto dei fiumi che attraversando le quattro città hanno subito le drammatiche conseguenze ambientali dello sviluppo urbano e industriale degli ultimi decenni.
Published: 2017

145. The challenges and opportunities of addressing particle size effects in sediment source fingerprinting: A review

Author: Philip N. Owens, William H. Blake, Jon Olley, Jean Paolo Gomes Minella, Hugh Smith, Olivier Evrard, J. Patrick Laceby, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Liverpool, Plymouth University, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University [Brisbane], Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), University of Northern British Columbia [Prince George] (UNBC), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Hydrology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, sediment tracing, sediment provenance, Earth science, Biogeochemistry, Sediment, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Grain size, sediment fingerprinting, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Particle size, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, composite fingerprinting, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Tracing sediments back to their catchment sources using biogeochemical and physical fingerprints involves multiple assumptions. One of the most fundamental assumptions is that these fingerprints are consistent during sediment generation, transportation, and deposition processes. Accordingly, the biogeochemical fingerprints used to trace sediment must remain constant, during detachment and redistribution, or they must vary in a predictable and measurable way. One key challenge to this assumption is the sorting effect of particles by size during detachment, mobilization, transportation and deposition processes. Owing to the notable effect of particle size on sediment fingerprints, we believe it is important to review the main approaches used to address the effects of changes in particle size composition on sediment fingerprints. The two main approaches to addressing particle size impacts on fingerprint properties are: fractionation of source and sediment material to a narrow particle size range (e.g. isolation of
Published: 2017
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146. Des versants aux masses d'eau : érosion, colmatage et envasement

Author: Olivier Cerdan, Olivier Evrard, Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, Rosalie Vandromme, Thomas Grangeon, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), AELB, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Université de Tours
Subjects: Hydrology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0208 environmental biotechnology, clogging, 02 engineering and technology, 15. Life on land, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, erosion, Siltation, rivers, 020801 environmental engineering, Clogging, hillslopes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: (2017). From hillslopes to rivers: erosion, clogging and silting. La Houille Blanche: Vol. 103, No. 6, pp. 5-6.
Published: 2017
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147. Development and validation of a runoff and erosion model for lowland drained catchments

Author: Thomas Grangeon, Olivier Cerdan, Rosalie Vandromme, Valentin Landemaine, Louis Manière, Salvador-Blanes Sébastien, Anthony Foucher, Olivier Evrard, Evrard, Olivier, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Université de Tours
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Modelling water and sediment transfer in lowland catchments is complex as both hortonian and saturation excess-flow occur in these environments. Moreover, their dynamics was complexified by the installation of tile drainage networks or stream redesign. To the best of our knowledge, few models are able to simulate saturation runoff as well as hortonian runoff in tile-drained catchments. Most of the time, they are used for small scale applications due to their high degree of complexity. In this context, a model of intermediate complexity was developed to simulate the hydrological and erosion processes at the catchment scale in lowland environments. This GIS-based, spatially distributed and lumped model at the event scale uses a theoretical hydrograph to approximate within-event temporal variations. It comprises two layers used to represent surface and subsurface transfers. Observations of soil surface characteristics (i.e. vegetation density, soil crusting and roughness) were used to document spatial variations of physical soil characteristics (e.g. infiltration capacity). Flow was routed depending on the local slope, using LIDAR elevation data. Both the diffuse and the gully erosion are explicitly described. The model ability to simulate water and sediment dynamics at the catchment scale was evaluated using the monitoring of a selection of flood events in a small, extensively cultivated catchment (the Louroux catchment, Loire River basin, central France; 25 km$^2$). In this catchment, five monitoring stations were equipped with water level sensors, turbidity probes, and automatic samplers. Discharge and suspended sediment concentration were deduced from field measurements. One station was installed at the outlet of a tile drain and was used to parameterize fluxes supplied by the drainage network. The selected floods were representative of various rainfall and soil surface conditions (e.g. low-intensity rainfall occurring on saturated soils as well as intense rainfall occurring on dry soils in spring). The model was able to reproduce the runoff volumes for these different situations, and performed well, especially in winter (the relationship between observed and modeled values has R2=0.72) when most of the sediment are transferred. Therefore, future work will evaluate the model ability to reproduce the erosion and sediment dynamics in this catchment in order to provide a tool for sediment management in these lowland environments draining agricultural land where river siltation is problematic.
Published: 2017

148. Quantifying land use contributions to suspended sediment in a large cultivated catchment of Southern Brazil (Guaporé River, Rio Grande do Sul)

Author: Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos, Laurent Caner, Marion Le Gall, Olivier Evrard, Viviane Capoane, Mohsin Zafar, Tales Tiecher, Jean Paolo Gomes Minella, Departamento de Solos [Santa Maria], Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Engineering and Technology [Peshawar] (UET), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Dep. of Soils, Federal University of Santa Maria, Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Engineering and Technology [Peshawar], Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: Land management, Drainage basin, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Soil retrogression and degradation, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Land use, sediment tracing, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Crop rotation, 6. Clean water, Water resources, sediment fingerprinting, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Soil erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, Surface runoff, Agronomy and Crop Science, conservational agriculture 43
Abstract: International audience; 18 Cropland cultivated under no-tillage has dramatically increased in Brazil during the last three 19 decades. However, soil degradation by water erosion remains excessive in the country. 20 Furthermore, the impact of inappropriate agricultural practices on soil erosion is often neglected 21 by farmers. Therefore, the contribution of potential sources of sediment should be quantified in 22 order to raise awareness among rural communities on the need to improve land management for 23 protecting soil and water resources. This study quantified the contribution of potential sources to 24 sediment transiting the Guaporé River, draining a 2032-km² cultivated catchment, in Southern 25 Brazil. Potential sediment source types were surface of cropland soils (n = 159), unpaved roads 26 (n = 58), and stream channel banks (n = 46). A total of 175 suspended sediment samples were 27 collected following different sampling strategies (including sampling of river water during 28 floods, installation of time-integrated suspended sediment samplers, and collection of bed 29 sediment) in 10 sub-catchments, from January 2011 to March 2014. Discriminant properties 30 were selected among the concentrations in 22 geochemical elements and total organic carbon. 31 Results showed that sediment source contributions were similar for the different sediment 32 sampling strategies. Although, the contributions of sediment sources varied in space across 33 Guaporé catchment, they were dominated by cropland (91±15%), while stream channels (5±2%) 34 and unpaved roads (4±10%) were sources of minor importance. Cropland contribution increased 35 with the drained cropland surface area. The unambiguous dominance of cropland as the main 36 source supplying sediment to the Guaporé River justifies the urgent need to better plan land use 37 and to promote the adoption of appropriate conservation farming practices in similar areas of 38 Southern Brazil. Soil losses in cropland could be reduced by implementing crop rotation, 39 mechanical runoff control strategies, and by avoiding the construction of unpaved roads in 40 thalwegs. 41 42
Published: 2017
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149. Examining suspended sediment sources and dynamics during flood events in a drained catchment using radiogenic strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr)

Author: Anthony Foucher, Olivier Evrard, J. Patrick Laceby, François Thil, Louis Manière, Sophie Ayrault, Marion Le Gall, Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), AELB, Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, Drainage basin, Sediment tracing, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Strontium, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sediment, Geology, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Isotopes of strontium, 87Sr/86Sr ratio, chemistry, Tile drainage, Soil water, Suspended sediment, Soil erosion, Carbonate
Abstract: International audience; Soil erosion is recognized as one of the main processes of land degradation in agricultural areas. High suspended sediment loads, often generated from eroding agricultural landscapes, are known to degrade downstream environments. Accordingly, there is a need to identify suspended sediment sources and to investigate their dynamics. Here, soil and sediment strontium isotopic ratios were used to examine suspended sediment sources and dynamics in a lowland drained catchment in France. Suspended sediment (n=14) was collected in stream and at tile drain (n=4) outlets during three flood events between December 2013 and February 2014. Potential source soils (n=28) representative of the carbonate and silicate substrates found in the catchment were sampled and analyzed. Strontium isotopic ratios (87 Sr/ 86 Sr) were measured in different particle size fractions (
Published: 2017
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150. Vertical distributions of 137Cs in soils: a meta-analysis

Author: Marianna Jagercikova, Olivier Evrard, Christine Le Bas, and Sophie Cornu
Subjects: Hydrology, Soil characteristics, Pedogenesis, Soil test, Stratigraphy, Soil water, Northern Hemisphere, Soil science, Soil surface, 15. Life on land, Bioturbation, Geology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: The vertical distribution of 137Cs—an artificial fallout radionuclide—is controlled by soil characteristics and processes that may differ among soil groups. The application of a single modelling approach to large number of soil profiles provides an original contribution to the literature and allows for comparison between these different soil groups. In order to quantify 137Cs migration in soils, we compiled and modelled depth-distributed data documented in the literature published before 2013. The resulting database comprised ninety-nine 137Cs profiles sampled in 14 soil groups of the World Reference Base (WRB) classification (FAO 1998) under different land uses or covers and collected at various geographical locations in the Northern hemisphere between 1992 and 2007. The 137Cs profiles were classified in seven different categories according to the shape and location of radiocaesium peak. Depth of the latter ranged between 0 and 12 cm (median of 2 cm) and maximal penetration of cesium reached from 12 to 60 cm. The 137Cs depth distributions in these soils were fitted using a diffusion-convection equation to allow comparison between different soil groups. Diffusion coefficients ranged from 0.02 to 4.44 cm2 years−1 in soils (median of 0.64 cm2 year−1), and convection velocities varied from 0 to 0.74 cm year−1 (median of 0.1 cm year−1). The model underestimated 137Cs concentrations by a median value of 1.9 % of the total inventory in soil samples collected below a 13-cm depth. Global 137Cs penetration velocities ranged from 0.05 to 0.76 cm year−1 (median of 0.28 cm year−1) over a 25-year period. Our results showed that modelling 137Cs depth profile with a diffusion-convection equation allowed estimating the bioturbation and clay translocation velocity in a certain number of soil groups. This quantification is crucial as these processes partially control the development of soil surface characteristics and several soil services.
Published: 2014
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