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The article presents a discussion by the author on two papers by Richard B. Heflebower and Richard Ruggles about price and market theory. According to the author Ruggles has given a lucid appraisal of the limitation to orthodox value theory concepts for purposes of empirical analysis while Heflebower has pointed toward an inductive theory derived from observations on the real world. Each is an appropriate complement to the other. Unfortunately, throughout his analysis Heflebower mostly disregards the analytical tools of orthodox value theory and appears to rely heavily upon something bearing close resemblance to the principle of cost-plus pricing. Heflebower's analysis must be appraised against the objective sought to attain and the principal conclusion to which it led. Ruggles' paper raises significant questions about the very heart of economic theory, namely, value theory and its usefulness. Value theory, historically considered, has been concerned with the relative importance of goods and services.

The article presents several studies about economic policy. After a long period of careful preparation the officers in charge of the International Monetary Fund announced their readiness to commence exchange transactions in early 1947. Clearly, the great majority of nations will find it to their advantage to support the objectives of the International Monetary Fund. Indeed, by the act of joining the Fund the signatory nations have indicated approval of its principles. In the September 1946 issue of American Economic Review, professor Fritz Machlup criticizes professor Richard A. Lester's and other empiricists' statements that conventional marginal theory has been demonstrated to be largely invalid as an explanation of reality, and presents in summarized form his own exposition of marginal revenue-marginal cost analysis. The Economic Report of the President transmitted to the U.S. Congress on January 8, 1947 must be viewed against the background of the Great Depression of the 193Os and the revolution in economic and political thinking which it engendered. An argument in professor J. Carl Poindexter's criticism of deficit-financing via quasi-free bank credit finds a justification of government interest payments to the banking system in the cumulative real cost of vesting in the government command over present as against future goods.

The article summarizes views of various economists about neoliberalism in West Germany. Forty years ago several young economists were emphasizing the casual employment relationship characteristic of the new and growing manufacturing industries of the United States. Their studies disclosed an average annual labor turnover in manufacturing of about 100 per cent, and rates of 200-400 per cent were not uncommon. The commitment, which a freshly hired worker and his employer felt toward each other, was usually very limited. There was an employment contract in the sense that the parties had an on-going relationship so long as both remained satisfied. However, the relationship was "casual" in that one of the two usually terminated it fairly quickly. Yet Indian workers have been slow to sever their village attachments, and as a result absenteeism remains high. Current absenteeism rates run about 6-8 per cent in major textile centers; 13-18 per cent in the minor ones; and 10-14 in iron and steel, engineering, cement, matches, leather, and ordnance factories.

The article introduces the distinction between low income associated with region and community-size in the U.S. The economic significance of the distinction follows that community and income sizes might provide evidence of regional income disparities that would indicate governmental agencies to strive better geographical distribution of resources. The author states that generally, the agencies should direct efforts towards small communities instead of few areas characterized by very low incomes. Economist are interested in geographical income data for the reasons that it would help them make decisions on the present geographical distribution of labor and apply teachings of conventional welfare economics to a program of public finance.

This article focuses on the relationship between total output and man-hour output in manufacturing industry of the United States. In recent years cost studies have revealed conditions of constant and decreasing average variable costs in a number of American manufacturing industries. Thus statistical evidence has seemed to imply the existence of conditions contrary to those usually assumed in economic theory. Correlation was chosen because the forces causing changes in man-hour output, other than total output itself, seem hardly capable of being reduced to the quantitative terms which correlation calculations require. It was believed, furthermore, that certain types of deductive and of informal statistical analyses would help to determine what was the nature of the effects of these other forces. Obviously, in many of the cases curvilinear would have revealed higher coefficients than linear correlation.

Examines whether there were genetic differences in the ticks Carios capensi among four widely separated geographic populations in Japan, Hawaii, South Carolina and Texas. Comparison between the mithocondrial sequences in the ticks Carios capensis from Torishima Island, Japan with that of Carios capensis from Hawaii, South Carolina and Texas; Possibility of an exchange of genetic material between tick populations in the North Pacific and within the Atlantic Ocean areas facilitated by migratory birds; Phylogenetic separation of the Carios capensis from Ornithodoros species and Ornithodoros porcinus.

Comments on the study entitled `Central Nervous System Pathology Associated With Mask Ventilation in the Very Low Birthweight Infant: A New Etiology for Intracerebellar Hemorrhages,' by K. E. Pape, D. L. Armstrong and P. M. Fitzhardinge published in the 1976 issue of `Pediatrics.' Occurrence of significant cerebellar hemorrhage in relation to degree of prematurity and length of survival; Disagreement on the statement that the causal factor is a tight-fitting face mask; Importance of the duration of survival and degree of prematurity.

Presents information on idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome in infants. Effects of CPAP; Details of applying continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP); Advantages and disadvantages of CPAP.

Presents a study which determined if icing whole blood would affect plasma potassium concentration. Methodology used to measure potassium concentration; Effect on potassium concentration of icing infant and polycythemic adult blood; Determination of plasma hemoglobin concentration.

Crisis in Biosystematics of Arthropods The deteriorating capacity of the U.S. scientific establishment to identify organisms is a serious concern. Plant and animal identifications form the foundation of many areas [...]