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En los últimos años se ha incrementado el interés por conocer las acciones más efectivas durante la competición ya que este hecho se ha mostrado esencial para mejorar el rendimiento de los jugadores en el deporte de élite; particularmente en los deportes colectivos el análisis táctico ha crecido de forma exponencial. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar las relaciones que se establecen entre las conductas de finalización de los jugadores interiores de un equipo de baloncesto y su repercusión en el rendimiento del equipo. Para ello, y utilizando un diseño nomotético, de seguimiento y multidimensional, se realizó un análisis de coordenadas polares con las observaciones del juego de la Selección Española de Baloncesto Senior Masculina durante su participación en el Campeonato de Europa de 2015. La herramienta de observación creada ha superado el análisis de calidad del dato exigible en Metodología Observacional y está compuesta por 5 criterios y 29 categorías exhaustivas y mutuamente excluyentes. Se registraron un total de 316 acciones ofensivas, que pusieron de manifiesto la influencia de los jugadores que ocupan las posiciones interiores en el ataque estático. Los resultados muestran una alta efectividad cuando los ataques son acabados por ellos y la alta producción ofensiva de estos jugadores en acciones individuales, siendo capaces de conseguir canastas o provocar faltas a sus defensores. El análisis de coordenadas polares se ha mostrado como una técnica útil para el análisis táctico de las conductas que suceden en el deporte de competición. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in knowing the most effective actions during competition, as this fact has proven essential to improve the performance of players in elite sport; particularly in team sports, tactical analysis has grown exponentially. The objective of this study was to detect the relationships that were obtained between the finishing behaviors of the inside players of a basketball team and it is impact on team performance. To do so, and using nomothetic, follow-up and multidimensional observational design, polar coordinates analysis was performed from the observations of the game of the Spanish men basketball team during European Championships in 2015. The observational tool, formed by 5 criteria and 29 exhaustive and mutually exclusive categories, was created and passed the data quality analysis required in Observational Methodology. A total of 316 offensive actions were registered and revealed the influence of the inside players in the static attack. The results showed a high effectiveness when the attacks are finished by inside players, and the high offensive production of these players in individual actions, being able to get baskets or cause fouls to their defenders. Polar coordinates analysis has been shown as a useful technique to tactical analysis of the behaviors that occur in competitive sport. Nos últimos anos tem havido um interesse crescente em conhecer as acções mais eficazes durante a competição, uma vez que este facto se revelou essencial para melhorar o desempenho dos jogadores no desporto de elite; particularmente nos desportos colectivos, a análise táctica tem crescido exponencialmente. O objectivo deste estudo era detectar as relações estabelecidas entre os comportamentos finais dos jogadores internos de uma equipa de basquetebol e o seu impacto no desempenho da equipa. Para o fazer, e utilizando um design nomotético, de seguimento e multidimensional, foi realizada uma análise de coordenadas polares com as observações do jogo da Selecção Espanhola de Basquetebol Masculino Sénior durante a sua participação no Campeonato Europeu de 2015. O instrumento de observação criado passou a análise da qualidade dos dados exigida na Metodologia de Observação e é composto por 5 critérios e 29 categorias exaustivas e mutuamente excludentes. Foi registado um total de 316 acções ofensivas, que mostraram a influência de jogadores que ocupavam posições internas no ataque estático. Os resultados mostram uma elevada eficácia quando os ataques são finalizados por eles e a elevada produção ofensiva destes jogadores em acções individuais, podendo obter cestos ou causar faltas aos seus defensores. A análise das coordenadas polares demonstrou ser uma técnica útil para a análise táctica dos comportamentos que ocorrem no desporto de competição.

The bondage-discipline, dominance-submission, and sadism-masochism (BDSM) community has achieved diversity with respect to gender identity and sexual orientation yet does so to a lesser extent with respect to race and ethnicity. A total of 398 BDSM practitioners recruited in 2018 and 2019 from BDSM conferences located within the Southern, Midwestern, and Western regions of the U.S., as well as online, completed surveys asking about racial and ethnic discrimination, fetishization, and inclusivity. People of color were 16 times more likely than non-people of color to feel discriminated against at BDSM events and 17 times more likely to feel fetishized. Qualitative results included troubling stories of overt racism and offensive racial slurs, and examples of microaggressions, feelings of isolation, and feelings of being dismissed. The results suggest that organizations can increase inclusivity by understanding the unique costs faced by people of color with an awareness that these costs might be invisible to non-people of color, diversifying positions of authority and leadership, and teaching well-meaning members what types of behaviors could create a hostile environment.

On 11 September 1973, a military coup was successfully launched against Chilean President Salvador Allende. British-made Hawker Hunter jets were used to attack the Chilean presidential palace, and ...

The circular economy strategy is closely linked to the EU's efforts to achieve a radical reduction in the amount of waste going to landfills. It is wrong to think, that packaging waste should be used within the packaging industry, as many have suggested in the strict sense of producer responsibility. Schumpeter saw creative destruction as one of the preconditions for development. The circular economy should be offensive. The economy must be transformed from a stock economy to a flow economy to achieve significant improvements in productivity and material efficiency. The public discourse on the state of the environment is very diverse. I would like to show, through a short empirical study with the help of Q methodology, how PhD students have very different views on issues related to sustainable development and the circular economy. KEYWORDS: circular economy, Hungarian waste management policy, disruptive innovation

Software security research traditionally focuses on the development of specific offense and defense techniques on software vulnerabilities. Software security techniques are useful in practice only to the extent they can be leveraged to achieve a goal. Different parties‐individuals, companies, or nations‐implement offensive and defensive techniques as components in holistic systems, and these systems strategically interact with each other.This chapter aims to introduce to the reader cyber autonomy in software security. We will offer a holistic view on this topic by presenting both techniques and tactics in software security. This chapter will introduce the high‐level model of cyber autonomy in software security and explain how techniques and tactics co‐work in software security, discuss current software security techniques (including vulnerability discovery, exploit generation, vulnerability patching, and vulnerability ricochet) and, once the readers have gained familiarity with the background and the context in software security that serves as the prerequisites for building a game theoretical model, will introduce the autonomous computer security game, which is the core of the chapter.

International audience; Founded in December 1958, Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) was dissolved on 11 May 2018. During its almost sixty years of existence, ETA underwent phases of military offensive and then a decline in its operational activity. In order to understand the limits of these episodes and their reasons, we have created an original database listing all the actions of the armed group. Our analysis contributes to highlighting the strategic developments of the clandestine organisation and stimulating discussion of the conclusions previously drawn from the group’s databases of fatal victims. We will thus consider the consequences of methodological choices on the interpretation of the history of a clandestine organisation.

North Waziristan, one of the former tribal agencies of Pakistan, was brought to the spotlight largely by militancy and terrorism. After curtailing terrorism through the military offensive, the focu...

Objetiva este artigo enfocar a crise da democracia liberal com a ascensão de movimentos populistas e o seu riscodemocrático, sob a perspectiva do sistema interamericano. Para tanto, foram analisados três julgados emblemáticosda Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, identificando dois importantes aspectos: a tendência populistaem atacar a independência judicial e o princípio da separação de Poderes; e a essencialidade da atuação conjuntados atores institucionais internos e internacionais para a necessária proteção dos princípios básicos democráticos,considerando, sobretudo, o impacto do sistema interamericano de proteção dos direitos humanos.

The Black Sea region (BSR) is becoming a geopolitical space of clash - a frontline zone for the formation of a new system of international relations. After the Cold War, the region from the peripheral became one of the centers of competition between regional and global powers. It has mostly geopolitical rather than simple geographical character, significantly expanding its borders in at least four variations: the BS as the space of seven coastal states, the BS as the Baltic-Black Sea region, the BS as the Black Sea-Caspian Sea region, and the BS as the nerve center of the Greater Mediterranean. The article analyzes the geopolitical projects of great powers in relation to the Black Sea region in 1991-2019. The aim is to study the evolution and dynamics of these geopolitical projects by comparing the conceptual and doctrinal levels, as well as the level of practical policy of the key actors in relation to the Black Sea region. The scientific novelty lies in the systematic analysis of the geopolitical projects of great powers in the BSR after the Cold War, which becomes one of the critically important regions in the current period of world history. The authors conclude that the United States, the EU and Turkey follow an offensive strategy in the BSR, while Russias strategy is aimed at maintaining the status quo. After 2014, the USA and its allies have embarked on a third attempt to implement the Euro-Atlantic Black Sea project and the Greater Black Sea project, which involve the displacement of the Russian Federation from the Black Sea region. The geopolitical significance of the BSR is determined by its strategic location at the intersection of the interests of key actors. Their competition in the BSR is carried out both at the regional (Russia - Turkey - EU) and global (USA - Russia, Turkey, Iran; EU - Russia, Turkey, USA; China - USA, EU, Russia) levels, determining the content of conceptual approaches to the political structure of the region and specific integration (and infrastructure) projects. The complexity of the current geopolitical situation in the region is determined by a large number of competing powers and changing contours of the international system. The main axis of intra-regional competition in the BSR is focused on achieving a balance of power between Russia and Turkey.

All of us cannot imagine adolescents' daily communication without humor and making fun of each other. Jokes can help strengthen friendships, smooth out the awkwardness, or maintain status in the group, but sometimes jokes become a means of humiliation and bullying. Despite many studies, determining the demarcation line between comic and aggressive words is quite challenging. This border remains uncertain. This paper aims to identify characteristics in which a joke becomes offensive and can develop into bullying.The article presents the results of a qualitative analysis of 72 interviews with middle and high school students. We identify three situations when a joke is perceived as aggression. Firstly, If a fun statement emphasizes the differences between the adolescent and the group, it makes one feel "inferior" compared to peers. Secondly, the difference in statuses between a speaker and an interlocutor exists, leading to no reply to a joke using a joke. In that case, the joke ceases to be a part of the dialogue and becomes a means of reinforcing inequality. Thirdly, if not all participants are aware of "the rules of the game," they cannot understand the context of reading the joke. That means the statement is interpreted in different ways by the parties, leading to resentment. The findings can help design effective bullying prevention measures in the school environment.

Predicting the features of behaviour of big data and multivariable systems has been a research subject in various fields of science. When it comes to football, as it is a field of sports followed by the whole world, the number of studies carried out aiming at predicting the results of football games has been increasing in the field of football science. Although the result of a football match depends on various variables, it is mainly determined over the offensive and defensive strengths of the teams. Different variables have so far been determined in the literature to figure out these strengths of the teams. In this study, it was aimed to predict correctly how many goals a team could score or concede in the last 5 weeks based on the average number of goals they scored and conceded since the beginning of the season in 6 European leagues. For this reason, a Poisson distribution model was established based on these offensive and defensive strengths. A total of 4264 matches and 5938 goals were analysed in the study and the established model yielded affirmative results at the level of 50% in the leagues analysed.

The objective of this study is to analyse the game-related statistics that differentiate winning and losing teams, according to the finale game scores in a men’s university basketball league. Samples were gathered from the archival data of the 2019–2020 regular season of the league. Sixteen game-related statistics were analysed: two- and three-point field-goals (both successful and unsuccessful), free-throws (both successful and unsuccessful), defensive and offensive rebounds, assists, steals, turnover, blocks, second-chance points, fast break points, fouls committed and received. The data were clustered into different game types based on the final outcome point differences: all games, balanced games (11 points and below) and unbalanced games (12 points and above). Discriminant function analysis was conducted to identify the performance indicators that classify winning and losing games. The results revealed that winning and losing in balanced games were discriminated by successful two-point field goals, unsuccessful two-point field goals, unsuccessful three-point field goals, successful free-throws, assists, steals, blocks, second-chance points, fast-break points, fouls committed, and fouls received. For unbalanced games, winning and losing were distinguished by successful two-point field goals, successful three-point field goals, successful free-throws, unsuccessful free-throws, defensive rebounds, blocks, fast-break points, and fouls received. In conclusion, offensive and defensive indices are critical to winning and losing in university-level basketball.

The dramatic development of online media, for example, Twitter and local area gatherings has upset correspondence and content distributing, but at the same time is progressively misused for the spread of disdain discourse and the association of disdain based exercises. The secrecy and portability managed by such media has made the rearing and spread of disdain discourse – in the long run prompting disdain wrongdoing – easy in a virtual land scape past the domains of conventional law requirement. Existing techniques in the identification of disdain discourse principally cast the issue as a regulated report grouping task [33]. These can be partitioned into two classifications: one depends on manual element designing that are then devoured by calculations, for example, SVM, Naive Bayes, and Logistic Regression [3, 9, 11, 15, 19, 23, 35–39] (exemplary techniques); the other addresses the later profound learning worldview that utilizes neural organizations to consequently learn multi-facets of dynamic highlights from crude information [13, 26, 30, 34] (profound learning strategies). In this technique We show that it is a significantly more testing task, as our examination of the language in the commonplace datasets shows that disdain discourse needs interesting, discriminative highlights and hence is found in the 'long tail' in a dataset that is hard to find. We then, at that point propose Deep Neural Network structures filling in as highlight extractors that are especially powerful for catching the semantics of disdain discourse. Our techniques are assessed on the biggest assortment of disdain discourse datasets dependent on Twitter, and are demonstrated to have the option to beat best in class by up to 6 rate focuses in large scale normal F1, or 9 rate focuses in the seriously difficult instance of recognizing derisive substance. As an intermediary to evaluate and think about the semantic attributes of disdain and non-disdain Tweets, we additionally propose to contemplate the 'uniqueness' of the jargon for each class. Keywords: Classic Methods; DNN; Detection of hate speech and offensive language in Twitter; Sentimental Analysis

2015‒2020 metais Lietuvos ginkluotosioms pajėgoms skirtos išlaidos padidėjo dvigubai, ir tai padėjo inicijuoti svarbių kritinių projektų, leidusių Lietuvos kariuomenei modernizuoti ginkluotę ir patobulinti taktiką, įgyvendinimą. Naujos savaeigės haubicos, pėstininkų kovos mašinos, oro gynybos sistemos, prieštankiniai ginklai, radarai, priešdroninės sistemos sustiprino Lietuvos kariuomenės pajėgumus. Naudojamos taktikos prieš „žaliuosius žmogeliukus“ pasikeitė į konvencines taktikas, kur ugnis ir manevras tapo esminiu faktoriumi. Tuo pat metu Kaliningrado srityje Rusijos armija padidino savo karių personalą, modernizavo įvairią ginkluotę į puolamąją bei padidino vykdomų karinių pratybų skaičių. Lietuvos ginkluotosios pajėgos, siekdamos pasiruošti galimoms konvencinėms grėsmėms, privalo decentralizuoti ginkluotės ir amunicijos centrinį arsenalą, kad visi batalionai bet kuriuo metu galėtų panaudoti turimus resursus. Be to, Lietuvos kariuomenės pajėgumai padidėtų, jeigu dalis privalomąją karo tarnybą atlikti kviečiamų jaunuolių tarnautų kibernetiniais šauktiniais ir jeigu būtų naudojamos nekonvencinės taktikos. Tai suteiktų papildomų galimybių Lietuvai, kaip mažai valstybei, kovoti prieš technologiškai pažangų priešininką. Galiausiai, iš papildomo finansavimo Lietuvos kariuomenė privalo siekti įsigyti raketinių salvinės ugnies sistemų ir mobilių priešlaivinių raketų sistemų, kurios galėtų naikinti priešininką iš saugesnio atstumo. In a period of 2015-2020, Lithuanian Armed Forces (LAF) military spending increased twice, thus it enabled to initiate and to arrange significant critical projects that eventually allowed armed forces to upgrade military equipment and tactics. New artillery units, armoured personnel vehicles, air defence systems, anti-tank weapons, radars, anti-drone systems boosted military power of LAF. Tactics switched from anti green men to conventional tactics, where fire and manoeuvre dominates again. Meanwhile, in the same period of time in Kaliningrad the Russian armed forces boosted the number of military personnel, upgraded equipment (most of it to offensive one) and increased military exercises. In order to be prepared, LAF must look for the most efficient ways of defence towards a potential foe. In a near future LAF must decentralize a central military storage thus critical assets could be secured and used by battalions at any time. Moreover, LAF capabilities could be improved by cyber conscripts and non-conventional tactics which could bring extra dividends when a small state fights against technologically advanced adversary. Eventually, with an additional military spending LAF could obtain MLRS artillery, the coastal defence systems and unmanned combat aerial vehicles that could deal with enemy from a safer distance.

Against content theories of slurs, according to which slurs have some kind of derogatory content, Anderson and Lepore have objected that they cannot explain that even slurs under quotation can cause offense. If slurs had some kind of derogatory content, the argument goes, quotation would render this content inert and, thus, quoted slurs should not be offensive. Following this, Anderson and Lepore propose that slurs are offensive because they are prohibited words. In this paper, we will show that, pace Anderson and Lepore, content theories of slurs do provide an explanation of the fact that quoted slurs can cause offense: even under quotation, the explanation goes, the derogatory content of a slur can still be psychologically efficacious. We will go one step further by pointing out that offensiveness is not the only function of slurs, but that slurs can also be used to create and reinforce negative attitudes towards the target group. While content theories can easily explain this by referring to some kind of derogatory content, Anderson and Lepore’s prohibitionism will lack a satisfactory explanation of this second function of slurs. Concluding, we will argue that, unlike uses of slurs, uses of quoted slurs normally do not derogate the target group. This will again speak in favor of content theories. Accordingly, uses of quoted slurs are not derogatory because quotation renders the derogatory content inert. Hence, rather than speaking against content theories, quoted slurs speak in their favor.

The proliferation of harmful content on social media affects a large part of the user community. Therefore, several approaches have emerged to control this phenomenon automatically. However, this is still a quite challenging task. In this paper, we explore the offensive language as a particular case of harmful content and focus our study in the analysis of keywords in available datasets composed of offensive tweets. Thus, we aim to identify relevant words in those datasets and analyze how they can affect model learning. For keyword extraction, we propose an unsupervised hybrid approach which combines the multi-head self-attention of BERT and a reasoning on a word graph. The attention mechanism allows to capture relationships among words in a context, while a language model is learned. Then, the relationships are used to generate a graph from what we identify the most relevant words by using the eigenvector centrality. Experiments were performed by means of two mechanisms. On the one hand, we used an information retrieval system to evaluate the impact of the keywords in recovering offensive tweets from a dataset. On the other hand, we evaluated a keyword-based model for offensive language detection. Results highlight some points to consider when training models with available datasets.

Racket sports such as padel are characterised by a variety of specific displacements and behaviours on the court with the aim to cover spaces and take an offensive advantage during the point. The a...

Sport is an art form. Every athlete thinks, creates, obeys rules, plans, and produces tangible results. Like most art forms, basketball for learning, monitoring, and understanding the sport requires all five senses. With the same logic by which an architect plans to build a building, the basketball team prepares for the game mode, the systems, which they will have in a match. In summary the players and the coaching staff think before they do. For this reason, in basketball it is important to create a philosophy and a system of values in the team. Values such as trust, solidarity, cooperation, ambition, consistency are important for building the mindset among stakeholders for the successful course of the team and for titles. Finally, sport produces knowledge. Basketball is an evolving and progressive sport. Adapting to modern requirements, studying, and monitoring new trends. For example, the specialization of players in Shoot, in speed in, power, strong, results in an increase in the ability of players to man-to-man attacks. On the other hand, the defensive function of both individual and team needs to deepen the proper treatment of powerful offensive players.

A cikk címében szereplő offenzív kiberműveletekhez szükséges képességek kialakításáról számos országban hatalmas szakmai vita alakult ki az elmúlt időszakban. Ugyanakkor az offenzív kiberműveletek alkalmazásának körülményei és azok következményeinek számbavétele ugyanolyan fontosak, mint maguk a műveletek. Ennek megfelelően jelen írás címe önmagában is sok kérdést felvet. Szükséges-e az offenzív kiberképességek kialakítása? Ez egyenlő-e a kibertámadó képességek kialakításával? Ezek a képességek milyen feltételek mentén alkalmazhatók akkor, ha egy kibertámadás mögött állami szerepvállalás áll? Része lehet-e a modern fegyveres küzdelemnek a kibertérben való támadás? Ezeket a kérdéseket igyekszik jelen írás számba venni két részben. A tanulmány első része az offenzív képességek általános hátterét járja körül, míg a második rész a képességek kialakításának feltételeit, szervezeti hátterét és az alkalmazás módjait, valamint annak feltételeit vizsgálja.

Brian Simon (1915–2002) was a leading advocate of comprehensive education in the second half of the twentieth century in Britain. In the 1980s, in the face of the ideological offensive from the New...

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on suicide terrorism in different regions of the world and changes in the trends in suicide terrorism according to regions before and after 9/11. Design/methodology/approach Using the data obtained from the Global Terrorism Database from 1981 to 2019, the descriptive statistics were computed first and then, independent samples t-tests were run to compare the monthly mean percentage of suicide-terrorism incidents that occurred in each region between the pre-9/11 and the post-9/11 periods. Finally, to statistically assess the effect of the 9/11 attacks and changes in the trends for the dependent variables over time, monthly interrupted time-series analyzes were conducted. Findings The results of monthly interrupted time series analyzes showed that after the 9/11 attacks, the trends for suicide-terrorism rates decreased significantly in three regions including South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa and Europe, while the trend for suicide-terrorism rates increased significantly in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, no statistically significant changes in the trends in suicide-terrorism rates occurred in three regions including North America, East Asia and Central Asia and Southeast Asia before 9/11, during November 2001 or after 9/11. Originality/value This study indicates the critical importance of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in suicide terrorism and its impact on these events in different regions of the world. The research also provides some recommendations concerning the effectiveness of defensive and offensive counterterrorism policies against suicide terrorism.

Purpose This paper explores reasons behind Muslim fervour, in response to advertisements that cause them offence – where marketing promotions and brands are seen to contradict or challenge the tenets of their religion (Islam) and culture. Design/methodology/approach The authors investigate Egyptian Muslim Millennials’ perceptions post 2011 Egyptian Arab Spring revolution qualitatively – through a series of iterative focus groups, diaries, and laddered coding procedures. Findings In contrast to the way in which media stories regularly highlight this phenomenon locally, internationally, and inside and outside of the Muslim world, we find that the landscape is more cultural, contextual, dynamic, politicised, and subtle. In addition, religiosity may not in fact be the determining factor and its presence is much more nuanced. The socially mobile, educated, and digitally connected Egyptian Muslim millennial demographic, that grabbed headlines during the Arab Spring for their influence, were found in this study to describe offence as being annoying or provocative advertisements where the message, theme or execution disregards their intelligence. Furthermore, parents, access to basic utilities, and having a stable living environment command a greater influence than religiosity for them. Finally, an environmental paradox exists, where restricted living conditions juxtaposed in parallel with escapism offered by social-media consumption, leads millennials towards being more accepting of advertising that could be classified as offensive. Practical implications This study is of value for researchers, educators, and professionals in the fields of advertising, marketing communications, consumer behaviour, and sociology. Social implications The observations raise questions concerning how the media reports stories, or advertisers conduct their campaigns – as to whether they are representative, motivated by sociopolitics or propaganda, an intended tactic, highlight unintended poor execution, ambivalence, or part of a wider phenomenon. Originality/value The authors present a new dual-process personality/religiosity conceptual model – designed to explain the stepwise process of Muslim opinion-forming, behaviour, and consumption of advertisements. Furthermore, we illustrate this with a supporting allegory the authors call a “Narnia paradigm”, drawing from C.S. Lewis’s fictional story “The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe”.

We examined majority group members’ perceptions of racial slurs, compared to what we have labeled as combination terms. These combination terms possess the same semantic and pragmatic linguistic functions as racial slurs, functioning to express negative emotion toward, and to describe, a target. Across three studies (total N = 943) racial slurs were not perceived as significantly different from combination terms. We then examined whether participants higher in social dominance beliefs reported greater perceived justification for using combination terms over racial slurs because of their lack of historical denigration of marginalized groups that racial slurs have. Participants, even those higher in socially dominant attitudes, did not perceive greater justification for the use of combination terms than racial slurs. Indeed, an important implication is that race-marking, an understudied area of social psychology, paired with general derogative terms produces terms which may function similarly to racial slurs, but, fortunately, are also similarly vilified in modern society.

The article analyzes the latest trends in cybercrime during the introduction and implementation of quarantine measures in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the world and the consequences of this type of crime. Such trends include: a significant increase in the number of cybercrimes in the world and in Ukraine; «exploitation» by criminals of people's concerns about the situation with the coronary crisis and its negative consequences, as a result of which the whole array of these crimes somehow correlates with the pandemic; expanding the objects of cyberattacks and shifting the emphasis on how to «more effectively» interfere in the work of information and communication devices; the emergence of the so-called pandemic offender; creating a serious threat from cybercriminals to the health sector, etc. The whole array of cybercrimes is divided into offenses, in the «scenario» of which the coronavirus theme is decisive, and «traditional» cybercrimes, the committing of which is not directly conditioned by this event, although the number of such crimes (increasing) correlates with special pandemic conditions. The article presents the reasons that led to the emergence of a new phenomenon in the criminal world – a pandemic criminal, whose illegal behavior is manifested primarily in the information space. The danger of cybercrime for the lens of critical infrastructure is emphasized, with special emphasis on medical facilities. The conceptual idea of ​​counteracting cybercrime is revealed, which consists in changing the strategy of counteracting cyber threats from «traditional» offensive to defensive, in which the priority should be given to the protection of information from possible threats. This is due to many factors, including the modern format of communication, the nature of production processes and business, blurring the boundaries between corporate and personal information and communication devices, the dependence of information security on the human factor, the need to find additional sources for information security. The content of the defense strategy of counteraction will determine the strategic directions of this counteraction. The main directions of the defense strategy are: 1) development and implementation of information security policy as individual subjects of the information space, and society, the state as a whole; 2) information education on topics that are most often exploited by criminals during epidemics, pandemics and other natural and social cataclysms, and specific information security measures; 3) development of the market of information security outsourcing services; 4) formation of skills of observance of information hygiene of ordinary citizens in cyberspace; 5) constant monitoring and research of problems of digitalization of society; etc.

The article is based on the author’s processing of the archives of Ukrainian emigration during his research internship in Great Britain. His task was to find out and clarify the means and ways used by the Ukrainian diaspora in its struggle against Moscow’s information and propaganda offensive against the Western community’s positive resolution of the “Ukrainian question” after World War II.That was the time when the Russian governmental machine intensified its counter-propaganda work in the Western direction. Under those conditions, the world continued to perceive Ukrainians as part of the “great Soviet people” who unanimously built communism, and Ukraine itself as only a formal state declaratively writing its name in UN documents as a country with a significant contribution to the victory over fascism.Under the conditions of statelessness, Ukrainian public institutions abroad replaced state embassies and official representations and took on the responsible task to constantly plant the Ukrainian information field.The Ukrainian diaspora used the following means in its struggle against Moscow’s information and propaganda offensive against the Western community’s positive solution of the “Ukrainian question”.In particular, it was a matter of checking the presence of materials on Ukrainian studies in the main libraries of the countries where Ukrainian emigrants lived compactly. Foreign authors’ interpretation of mentions was said about Ukraine and Ukrainians in those few texts was analyzed.Representatives of Ukrainian public organizations established personal contacts with directors of libraries in cities with a compact residence of Ukrainians. The goal was to create Ukrainian book and press departments there. In 1948, a centralized network was established in Munich to provide major foreign libraries with Ukrainian publications.The successful breakthrough of the Moscow information blockade on the issue of the Holodomor of 1933 happened due to publication of a series of English-language brochures on this issue at the expense of the Ukrainian Youth Association abroad.

O presente artigo teórico-reflexivo objetiva apresentar as contribuições do diálogo entre Psicologia e outros campos do conhecimento para a compreensão e atuação na saúde, considerando a conjuntura de ofensiva neoliberal. A partir de conceitos e categorias da tradição marxista, o artigo tem a seguinte estrutura: breve análise conjuntural enfatizando o SUS e políticas de saúde; aportes de campos do saber-fazer para a Psicologia no trato com a saúde, especialmente a economia política; contribuições da Psicologia, exemplificadas pelas Psicologias da Libertação e Social Comunitária; e apontamentos finais, resgatando a radicalidade que gestou tais movimentos psi e na saúde. Pressupondo a incompatibilidade entre saúde e capitalismo, é imprescindível a apropriação desses saberes, pensando em como, a partir da Psicologia e das políticas de saúde, mas, sobretudo, para além delas, sanar necessidades concretas, demonstrar as contradições deste sistema, contribuindo para sua supressão e a produção de saúde.

Introduction. This article is devoted to studying the influence of the Soviet “economic offensive” factor in the 1950s on the formation of the New World Economic Order by the American by the American ruling elite in general and the use of such an important tool as foreign assistance in particular in the framework of this process. The reconstruction of this process makes it possible to clarify the specifics of the foreign policy decision-making mechanism in the United States, to identify the ideological approaches of main political interest groups to the goals and methods of building a new world order. Methods and materials. The study uses a group analysis approach as well as American executive and legislative documents, press material, speeches by key politicians, etc., to identify the reasons for the differences among representatives of the three leading interest groups in interpreting the nature of the Soviet “economic offensive” in the Third World countries. Analysis. These differences were primarily due to the possibility of using the factor of the Soviet “aggression” for conducting domestic propaganda campaigns as part of the interest groups struggle for control over the foreign assistance program. Thus, the representatives of the atlantists group claimed that the main threat from the Communist world remained in the military sphere; the globalist-oriented progressives insisted that the Soviet “economic offensive” was a critical danger to U.S. interests, while conservatives declared that the “myths” about the Soviet-communist threats to the United States in the Third World were invalid. Results. In the second half of the 1950s the group of progressives used the factor of the Soviet “economic offensive” more effectively in the framework of their campaigns (there were four of them), which allowed them to take control over the foreign assistance program and begin to reorient the American strategic course from the prevailing ideology of “mutual security” towards the global developmentalism.

A malaria epidemic arose in 1942 in Cairns, which was the evacuation point from the Japanese offensive in New Guinea. Health authorities made great efforts to suppress parasites in transiting soldiers and to position them south of 19°S latitude away from most vectors. Queensland experienced some scattered locally transmitted epidemics in 1943-1944 but by 1945 malaria transmission had largely been eliminated.

The article deals with the issue of technical training of players in Counter Strike: Global Offensive. The purpose of this work was determine the most effective ways to train shooting and aiming skills in the e-sports discipline Counter Strike: Global Offensive. The study involved 20 players from Counter Strike: Global Offensive, 17-19 years old. At the time of their participation in the study, they had little experience of training and competition at the amateur level. The main sections of training players in eSports are analyzed. The essence and content of technical training in the cybersport discipline Counter Strike: Global Offensive has been determined. The proposed set of exercises for training various types of shooting and aiming. The effectiveness of this set of exercises for players has been investigated

In the last two decades, the analysis of tactical knowledge has become a research channel of increasing interest, contributing to the development of ad-hoc tools to carry out this task. The aim of this study is to collect evaluation tools which allow to measure the declarative tactical knowledge (DTK) in soccer. Five databases (Web of Sciences, Pub Med, SportDiscus, Psycinfo and Eric) were used for the literature search based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, according to five inclusion/exclusion criteria: (i) tools that determinate DTK in soccer players, (ii) come from primary sources, that is, published for the first time, (iii) show game-play scenarios in video sequences or static images via questionnaires, (iv) have been submitted to a process of validity and reliability, (v) and avoid the use of verbal language. Nine tools were selected and analyzed in this systematic review: Soccer decision-making tests (McMorris, in Percept Mot Ski 85(2):467, 1997), Protocol for the evaluation of declarative tactical knowledge (Mangas, in Conhecimento declarativo no futebol: Estudo comparativo em praticantes federados e não-federados, do escalão de sub-14, Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, 1999), Questionnaire for the evaluation of tactical comprehension applied to football—CECTAF—(De la Vega, in Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 2002. https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/1723/11535_vega_marcos_ricardodela.pdf?sequence=1), Decision making instrument for Soccer (Fontana, in The development of a decision making instrument for soccer, Master’s degree dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 2004. http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/10124/), Game Understanding Test (Blomqvist et al., in Phys Educ Sport Pedagogy 10(2):107–119, 2005), Offensive Football Tactical Knowledge Test—TCTOF—(Serra-Olivares and García-López, in Revista Internacional De Medicina y Ciencias De La Actividad Física y Del Deporte 16(63):521–536, 2016. https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2016.63.008), Video-based decision-making test (Keller et al., in Int J Sports Sci Coach 13(6):1057–1066, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954118760778), Decision-Making form IOS application (Bennett et al., in J Sci Med Sport 22(6):729–734, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.011) and TacticUP video test for soccer (Machado and Teoldo, in Front Psychol, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01690). Most of the tools did not pass many of the criteria proposed to assess their quality. Fundamentally, it can be concluded that few tools show specific tactical scores based on game principles or subroles that allow identifying possible points of improvement in the knowledge that players have on specific aspects of the game. For this reason, and based on the other findings found in this review, future studies should consider: (i) the importance of designing tools that reflect scores based on tactical principles and game subroles; (ii) the advantages and disadvantages of designing tools based on static images or video sequences; (iii) the need to design tools that can access the DTK of young children; (iv) the requirement to design tools that present game-play scenarios in the first person; (v) the essentiality of facing the tools designed to rigorous processes of validity and reliability.

The authors substantiate the feasibility of introducing digital technologies into modern law enforcement. The position on the need for normative consolidation of the procedure for the creation and use of international databases of law enforcement agencies based on blockchain technology, and the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies is substantiated. The need for a phased, but offensive implementation of digital technologies in law enforcement is determined. The main task for successful international integration is the complete digitalization of law enforcement within each country and on the basis of uniform standards that will allow all individual law enforcement agencies to be combined into a single international law enforcement agency.

The article is dedicated to the study of the measures used to combat cybercrime in different countries. It is observed that the world's leading countries are actively expanding and creating units in the armed forces and intelligence services that should ensure the development of offensive capabilities in cyberspace. In particular, the operational cooperation of law enforcement agencies, such as Interpol, Europol and Eurojust, in the fight against cybercrime is being stepped up. Anti-cybercrime activities are carried out not only by individual states, but also by their blocs, including NATO. In Ukraine, unlike the developed countries of the world, measures to combat cybercrime are less developed. Despite the existence of special laws and strategies, in particular the Cyber Security Strategy of Ukraine, the fight against cybercrime is not effective due to the declarative nature of most of the provisions of this strategy. It is concluded that one of the problematic aspects of the phenomenon of cybercrime is the low level of education in information technologies of the population of Ukraine.

As we know that the social crowd is increasing day by day, so is the hatred among them online. This hatred gives rise to hate speech/comments that are passed to one another online. Recently, the hate speech has increased so much that we need a way to stop them or at least contain it to minimum. Keeping this problem in mind, we have introduced a way in which we can detect the class of comments that are posted online and stop its spread if it belongs to hateful category. We have used Natural Language Processing methods and Logistic Regression algorithm to achieve our goal.

In order to begin to design a large Offensive Cyber-Threat-Intelligence, we need a distributed-decentralised Intelligent Software framework, which can scale on demand and run with flexibility while providing a room for further improvement both on architectural level as well as strategical level for planning advanced attacks methodologies, will help us conduct secure transaction maintaining CIANA. In this paper, we try to present some of our investigations on Agent-based Modelling of Cyber-Space and Simulation of Cyber-Warfare over distributed system methodology in contributing to these designs. Using this as motivation we try to build system architecture for effective open intelligence for effective offensive cyber threat intelligence (CTI).

Recent analysis has interpreted Russia’s approach to the EU-led dialogue between Kosovo and Serbia through the lens of its actions in Ukraine. This has been characterised as “hybrid warfare” design...

The Brigade II of the Polish Legions in the Carpathian Mountains (November‑December 1914): Part II In this article, the author presents the activity of the Polish Legions, at that time commanded by the general Karol Durski, in the Carpathian Mountains. Polish soldiers had to fight there under very difficult conditions as a result of the numerous deficiencies in equipment and arms. Nonetheless, they tried to perform the tasks to which they were entrusted as best as they could. As opposed to the weakness of the Austro‑Hungarian army, the Polish units in this region played a decisive rule in halting the Russian offensive. This was a significant factor because if the Russians had crossed the Carpathians, this would have led to an invasion of Hungary, which could have had unpredictable consequences. In the first phase, the Polish units participated in the fight to liberate Máramaros County. The second phase comprised the armed conflict in the Nadvirna and Bohorodchany regions. This part of the skirmishes was finished with the bloody Battle of Mołotków on October 29, 1914. Although it ended with a tactical defeat of the Polish units, which were forced to retreat, it was, however, a tactical victory, as the Russians, exhausted by the daylong battle, were forced to cease their offensive manoeuvres.

This article comparatively analyzes the origins of the military doctrines in Israel and Iran, which are positioned at the poles of status quo and revisionism in the Middle East. In a conceptual hybridity, both parties stand strategically on the defensive but operationally combine defensive with offensive elements. These combinations are backed by powerful cultural motivations and organizational interests in each country. The implications enrich our understanding of the nature of military doctrine and indicate another contributing factor in regional destabilization.

Research objective: The research aims at developing through a training program: The level of offensive skill performance for basketball juniors 3×3. The level of offensive tactical thinking for basketball juniors 3×3. Research Methodology The researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of this research by using the experimental design of pre and post measurement for one group. Research community The research community represents basketball youth under 16 years old, who are registered in the Giza area of the Egyptian Basketball Federation for the season 2020/2021. Research Sample: The research sample was randomly selected from the basketball junior at Tarsana Sports Club under 16 years for the sports season2020/2021, and the total number of the research sample was (31) youngsters. Conclusions The training program has a great role in developing the skill level of basketball juniors under 16 years 3×3, as the value of "T" calculated in the dribbling test ranged from (18.6), in the pass test (91.1), in the test of lay-up shooting correction (13.8), and in Jumping Aunt Test (21.1). The percentage of improvement in the level of offensive skill performance of the research sample ranged between (14%: 116%), which indicates the effective role of the training program. The tactical training program has a positive effect on the tactical thinking of basketball juniors under 16 years 3×3, as the calculated value of "T" reached (60.66). The rate of improvement in tactical thinking was (46.73%) among basketball juniors under 16 years 3×3, which contributes positively to effectively ending the attack.

Based on culture identity theory and schema theory, we investigate how model ethnicity influences the perception and effectiveness of potentially offensive nudity advertising in Asia and Western Eu...

The article, on the basis of published sources, analyzes the experience of the Black Sea Fleet counter-evacuation operation during the Crimean strategic offensive operation in April — May 1944. In the conditions of the “hybrid” armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the development of rational forms and methods of the Naval Forces of Ukraine employment in a modern environment is topical for their further development. It stipulates the necessity of retrospective analysis and the lessons learned of various operations (actions) in the maritime domain. In this context, the experience of preparation and conducting of counter-evacuation events at sea are considered to be topical. At the same time, the above-mentioned aspects can be put into consideration only after carrying out the detailed research and generalization of experience of the maritime operations (actions). Thereby, the author paid attention to the preparation and organization of the Black Sea fleet counter-evacuation operation during the Crimean strategic offensive operation. A detailed analysis of the Ukrainian and foreign documentary materials concerning this topic, which was conducted by the author, indicates that this issue has been little studied. Therefore, there is a need for a scientific generalization of the experience of the troop’s (forces) employment during the preparation and conducting of counter- evacuation activities at sea to use it for the development of naval art, as a theoretical basis for solving scientific and practical problems. Consequently, the aim of the article is to carry out the complex research of the experience of preparation and implementation of the Black Sea fleet counter- evacuation actions in 1944. The author reconstructed the course of actions of the Black Sea fleet in counter-evacuation actions, exposed the mechanism of planning and preparation of the actions, gave the analysis of opposing parties activity as well as the tactical measures that were used by the Black Sea fleet for counter-evacuation actions, assessed their results, in particular the role of the separate branches of the Fleet. Principal reasons and factors that negatively influenced the results of the Black Sea fleet activity in counter-evacuation actions are identified and investigated. Keywords: evacuation of troops at sea, evacuation of 17-th army of Wehrmacht from Crimea, counter-evacuation operation, Crimean strategic offensive operation, Black Sea war theatre, Black Sea fleet.

The article deals with the concept of air-landing operation developed by Israeli Army of Defence (TСAHAL) and some aspects of its implementation in Six-Day War (1967). The main emphasis is on the conceptual elements of operational troops (forces) employment and the “Six-Day War” tactical principles development. The readiness and ability of troops (forces) to act independently in the context of the war tactics were determined. In this case the nature and course of events during the Six-Day War was accounted, when the high dynamics, manoeuvrability, and locally limited fighting (their locally-focused character) that conducted by TCAHAL troops (forces) created the greatest difficulties for the Egyptian armed forces. This approach became the basis for interpretation by the TCAHAL command the air-land operation conception at the stage of preparation and beginning of the operation, in which the Air Force played a decisive role. It is shown in the article that the theoretical position of command was based on the justification of the nature of the possible combat actions in the context of qualitative changes in the military capabilities, taking into account the quantitative advantage of the enemy forces and means. It provides the ability to create an operational reserve, which must be put into battle at the right time to strike a decisive blow at the enemy. The TCAHAL concept of air-land operation in framework of armored doctrine emphasized shock action and mobility, flexibility and aggressiveness. These were combined to make armored vehicles the principal ground-force elements in the course of war. There was a major change at the top level of TCAHAL on the eve of war. The change fundamental operational concepts (not only on the doctrinal level) made a significant effect. There were some key elements of the Israeli plan for offensive: surprise, early achievement of air superiority, early and decisive engagement with main enemy forces as far as possible. There were some extremely significant factors in TCAHAL concept of air-land operation: flexible; aggressive; dynamic; successful achievement of surprise; superiority in the air achieved by the superbly executed attacks; the achievement of information superiority over the enemy by the intelligence; the conquest of air supremacy by pre-emptively destroying the air force’s operational (capabilities) while simultaneously suppressing or destroying the enemy air defence system; the transition to the active stage of ground operation and gaining the advantage of firing with the support of all the Air Force at the entire operational depth of the enemy. Key words: concept of air-landing operation, local wars, forms and methods of warfare, Israeli Army of Defence (TСAHAL), “flashing” war, operational art, Six-Day war.

In modern conditions and for the period up to 2030, when the main burden in the ground domain in the event of repulse of armed aggression against Ukraine will be placed on the Land Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and the priority of developing means capable of continuous fire support is given to artillery. It is important to study the lessons learned from combat operations by artillery units in eastern Ukraine. The aim of the article is to analyze the lessons learned during the artillery operations during in armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine, highlight the current contradictions that arise during the implementation of fire support tasks, and their impact on the survivability of artillery units. The analysis of the theoretical study of artillery operations and lessons learned from their conduct during in armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine clearly indicates that in modern conditions the question of ensuring their survivability has become acute. Reducing the length of stay in the firing position and constant maneuvering to ensure survivability made it possible to reduce losses during active hostilities in 2015 compared to 2014 in guns (howitzers) 5 times, and in multiple rocket launchers and mortars — 2 times. Thus, in the theory and practice of artillery combat in the offensive based on lessons learned during in armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine, two dialectically related components of combat operations by artillery units became contradictory: target and defensive. This determines the relevance of developing a scientific and methodological apparatus for assessing the survivability of artillery units during the maneuver and substantiation of recommendations that will be of practical importance for its provision during the offensive of all-military formations. Key words: lessons learned, artillery units, survivability, maneuver, East of Ukraine.

Detecting counterpressing is an important task for any professional match-analyst in football (soccer), but is being done exclusively manually by observing video footage. The purpose of this paper is not only to automatically identify this strategy, but also to derive metrics that support coaches with the analysis of transition situations. Additionally, we want to infer objective influence factors for its success and assess the validity of peer-created rules of thumb established in by practitioners. Based on a combination of positional and event data we detect counterpressing situations as a supervised machine learning task. Together, with professional match-analysis experts we discussed and consolidated a consistent definition, extracted 134 features and manually labeled more than 20, 000 defensive transition situations from 97 professional football matches. The extreme gradient boosting model—with an area under the curve of $$87.4\%$$ 87.4 % on the labeled test data—enabled us to judge how quickly teams can win the ball back with counterpressing strategies, how many shots they create or allow immediately afterwards and to determine what the most important success drivers are. We applied this automatic detection on all matches from six full seasons of the German Bundesliga and quantified the defensive and offensive consequences when applying counterpressing for each team. Automating the task saves analysts a tremendous amount of time, standardizes the otherwise subjective task, and allows to identify trends within larger data-sets. We present an effective way of how the detection and the lessons learned from this investigation are integrated effectively into common match-analysis processes.

In this article, I examine the moral review councils (MRCs) established in China’s rural areas since the early 1980s. I show that MRCs create a liminal plebeian public sphere in the context of a civilising offensive that deals with the uncivil behaviours of individuals and disputes between neighbours. In this plebeian public sphere, the MRC incorporates techniques of the Maoist mass meeting, the democratic election, traditional mediation and a pedagogy of exemplars, all of which are depoliticised into purely technical instruments. Their institutional legitimacy comes from organised virtues based on councillors’ male seniority and the democratic method of their selection. MRCs, as an instrument of a civilising offensive, are a kind of paternalistic technology, which involves a complex strategy of a hybridity of acts, relationships, thoughts, desires and temptations of village residents in the context of the reform era. The people targeted in this civilising offensive often experience two levels of stigmatisation and their participation determines the effectiveness of the operation of MRCs.

This article sought to analyze whether the production of the circumstantial term of occurrence at the scene of the facts by the Military Police makes the Mato Grosso State more effective in guaranteeing the rights and duties of the citizens involved in the occurrence of minor offensive potential crimes. It was used exploratory research with a hypothetical-deductive approach, bibliography review, data collection via questionnaire and structured interview, with the objective of understanding the systemic process adopted by police forces in dealing with events of this nature and analyzing their efficiency in guaranteeing rights and duties of citizens. At the end of the studies, it was found that the elaboration of the Circumstance Term of Occurrence at the place of the facts effectively promotes citizenship to citizens involved in the occurrence less offensive potential crimes.

This paper explores the graffiti and street art produced during the 2017 postal plebiscite for same sex marriage in Australia, including activists’ creative visual responses to the hate speech that proliferated in urban and suburban areas during this highly charged period. The paper has a particular focus on the wholesale erasure of street art and graffiti bearing political messages in support of, or against, marriage equality. Communities increasingly exert stewardship over the public visual landscape, and may engage directly in buffing graffiti or street art deemed offensive, or defending and restoring work deemed valuable. This analysis draws on repeat photography and video materials showing a series of attempted erasures of pro-same sex marriage murals by so called religious ‘activists.’ These materials show both the active challenges from passersby these erasures attracted, and the buffers’ defense of their actions, which affords a unique level of insight into the divisive social dialogue of this period.

This article focuses on the recovery of censored Jewish texts in contemporary Orthodox rabbinic literature. I show that contemporary Orthodox scholars make use of critical methods which are close to those of the historical, philological, and biblical sciences, in order to reconstruct those portions of the Jewish tradition which were omitted or transformed in the early-modern period by Christian censorship or by Jews with an “eye” to the censor. As the censored texts were mostly omitted or changed because they were recognized as offensive to Christian sensitivities, their current recovery entails also a renewed discussion of Judaism’s attitude to Christianity. I argue that the “uncensoring” of Jewish traditions is closely connected with expressions of animosity towards Christianity. The combination of this animosity with the use of modern scientific methods brings the common cultural assumptions which relate resistance to inter-faith rapprochement with “traditionalism,” and a reactionary approach to modernism, into question.