Search

The variation of wood density and mechanical properties with site, tree and within tree (longitudinal and radial) were studied for blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon R. Br.) grown in four sites in Portugal. Twenty trees were randomly selected (40 cm dbh class, 33–51 years of age), sampled at three stem height levels (5%, 35% and 65% of tree height) and three radial positions (10%, 50% and 90% of radius). They were further tested for air-dry density at 12% moisture content, bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and compression strength parallel to grain (CS), using ISO standards. The overall mean properties of blackwood were: 654 kg m−3 density, 139 N mm−2 MOR, 141 × 102 N mm−2 MOE and 61 N mm−2 CS. Site was not a significant source of variation for all wood properties. The variation between individual trees was the most important. Within the tree, the radial variation was highly significant for all traits, while the longitudinal variation was only significant for density. The correlation of density with the mechanical properties was moderate. Blackwood showed potential for being an alternative species to supply the industry with valuable hardwood timber. The significant differences found between the trees demonstrate the possibility of selection and improvement for increased wood quality.

The compression properties of cork were studied for samples of different density. The densities were grouped into three classes: low density (0.13–0.15), mid density (0.15–0.19) and high density (0.19–0.25). The porosity of the cork samples increased from the low to the high density class, with porosity coefficients of 5.1%, 6.9% and 9.4%, respectively. The difference in the porosity was associated with structural features, namely the presence of thick walled cork cells and the presence of lignified cells lining the pores. The stress–strain curves were similar for all cases, showing an elastic compression up to a yield point of about 5% strain, followed by a plateau with a small slope. The cork strength was higher in the radial direction than in the other directions. The density influenced the compression such that the corks with high density presented higher stiffness in compression in three directions: Young’s modulus was 17.4, 22.6 and 26.1 MPa for low, mid and high density corks respectively. This density effect was more evident in the plateau region of the progressive buckling of the cell walls (σ 30 was respectively 1.07, 1.29 and 1.54 MPa for the three density classes). The recovery of dimensions after compression in each direction was also studied following compression to 50% strain. The recovery was on average 50% of the initial deformation on the first day, and almost total after 15 days. The recovery was higher for corks with low density and in non-radial directions.

The aim of this work is to develop a tool to predict some pulp properties e.g., pulp yield, Kappa number, ISO brightness (ISO 2470:2008), fiber length and fiber width, using the sapwood and heartwood proportion in the raw-material. For this purpose, Acacia melanoxylon trees were collected from four sites in Portugal. Percentage of sapwood and heartwood, area and the stem eccentricity (in N-S and E-W directions) were measured on transversal stem sections of A. melanoxylon R. Br. The relative position of the samples with respect to the total tree height was also considered as an input variable. Different configurations were tested until the maximum correlation coefficient was achieved. A classical mathematical technique (multiple linear regression) and machine learning methods (classification and regression trees, multi-layer perceptron and support vector machines) were tested. Classification and regression trees (CART) was the most accurate model for the prediction of pulp ISO brightness (R = 0.85). The other parameters could be predicted with fair results (R = 0.64–0.75) by CART. Hence, the proportion of heartwood and sapwood is a relevant parameter for pulping and pulp properties, and should be taken as a quality trait when assessing a pulpwood resource. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Bee pollen is one of nature's healthful food products with promising nutritional and therapeutic properties due to its chemical composition, particularly its protein content, which includes almost all the essential amino acids. Nevertheless the composition in lipids it is not completely known and supposedly will be highly variable depending on the floral origin. As such, this parameter must be ascertained in line with the research for bioactivity [1]. The aim of this work was to evaluate some health-related lipid indexes of bee pollen, namely omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio (n-6/n-3); polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratio (PUFA/SAT), atherogenic index (AI) and thrombogenic index (TI) in samples harvested in Portugal. The selected parameters were calculated from the Fatty-Acid Profile, which was determined as previously reported by Bárbara et al. [3]. Bee pollen samples, after harvest, were cleaned and frozen at -20 oC and were codified according the predominant pollen. Figure 1 associates the lipid indexes of the different samples with their botanical origins. n-6/n-3 and PUFA/SAT ratios were in within the limits recommended by World Health Organization (below 4.0 and above 0.45, respectively), suggesting that bee pollen is a good product with the nutritional point of view, with potential beneficial effects for the consumer's health. Also, both AI and TI indexes of this natural product were low, even though this effect depended on bee pollen's botanical origin (Figure 1). [1] Campos MG, Olena L. and Anjos O. 2016. Chapter 3, Chemical Composition of Bee Pollen. In Cardoso SM & Silva AMS, Chemistry, biology and potential applications of honeybee plant-derived products, Bentham Science Publishers, United Arab. Pp. 67 – 88 (22) [2] Bárbara, M.S, Machado, C.S, Sodré, G.D.S, Dias, L.G, Estevinho, L.M, & de Carvalho, C.A.L. Molecules, 2015,20, 12525 – 12544 We recommend info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The production of wine brandies requires their stage in wooden barrels, for a minimum period of time, a process called ageing or maturation. Due to the high cost of this process, alternative technologies are being studied in order to accelerate the ageing process, such as the use of wood fragments inside of stainless steel tanks. The present work evaluates the influence of different ageing technologies on the sensory profile of the brandy. A brandy was aged, during two years, in 650 L wooden barrels and in 3000 L stainless steel tanks. Both had Limousin oak (Quercus robur) and Portuguese chestnut staves (Castanea sativa). The brandy samples were profiled by descriptive sensory analysis during the ageing period. The results showed that the kind of ageing system influences topaz, golden, woody, caramel, coffee, green and unctuous attributes, as well as the overall brandy quality. Despite these differences, the multidimensional analysis of the sensory results was not able to clearly distinguish the brandy samples from different ageing systems. The results, obtained at industrial scale, revealed an interesting alternative for the manufacturers: wine brandies can be produced through the use of wooden staves inside stainless steel tanks. Since this alternative ageing system provides a similar brandy sensory profile than the one obtained through wooden barrels, this new data can be used by researchers and manufacturers in order to develop new products. Furthermore, this alternative ageing technology allows the reduction of the ageing process costs A produção de aguardentes vínicas requer o seu estágio em vasilhas de madeira, por um período mínimo de tempo, processo que se designa por envelhecimento ou maturação. Devido ao elevado custo deste processo, têm sido estudadas tecnologias alternativas para acelerar o processo de envelhecimento, como o uso de fragmentos de madeira aplicados dentro de depósitos de aço inoxidável. O presente trabalho avalia a influência de diferentes tecnologias de envelhecimento no perfil sensorial da aguardente vínica envelhecida. Uma aguardente foi envelhecida, durante dois anos, em vasilhas de madeira de 650 L e em depósitos de aço inoxidável de 3000 L. Em ambos os sistemas usou-se simultaneamente madeira de carvalho Limousin (Quercus robur) e madeira de castanheiro (Castanea sativa). As amostras de aguardentes foram recolhidas e avaliadas pelo painel de prova, por análise sensorial descritiva, durante o período de envelhecimento. Os resultados mostraram que o sistema de envelhecimento influencia os atributos topázio, dourado, madeira, caramelo, café, herbáceo e untuoso, bem como a qualidade global da aguardente. Apesar dessas diferenças, a análise multidimensional dos resultados sensoriais não permitiu distinguir claramente as amostras de aguardentes de diferentes sistemas de envelhecimento. Os resultados, obtidos à escala industrial, evidenciam a existência de uma alternativa interessante para os produtores: as aguardentes vínicas poderão ser produzidas através do uso de fragmentos de madeira aplicados em depósitos de aço inoxidável. Dado que este sistema de envelhecimento alternativo proporciona um perfil sensorial da aguardente semelhante ao obtido com as vasilhas de madeira, estes novos dados podem ser utilizados por investigadores e produtores para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Esta tecnologia alternativa de envelhecimento apresenta ainda a vantagem de permitir uma redução dos custos do processo de envelhecimento info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Submitted by Ofélia Anjos (ofelia@ipcb.pt) on 2019-03-18T13:14:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_Delgado_et_al_Ligustrum_PlantaMedica_final.pdf: 187991 bytes, checksum: 7252d588d721f3081fc0a90c01785fa9 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Eduarda Pereira Rodrigues (erodrigues@ipcb.pt) on 2019-04-15T09:49:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_Delgado_et_al_Ligustrum_PlantaMedica_final.pdf: 187991 bytes, checksum: 7252d588d721f3081fc0a90c01785fa9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-15T09:52:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_Delgado_et_al_Ligustrum_PlantaMedica_final.pdf: 187991 bytes, checksum: 7252d588d721f3081fc0a90c01785fa9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Bee pollen contains almost all nutrients required by the human organism as well as diverse health-promoting substances. However, its composition and nutritional value greatly depend on the botanical origin. As such, it is important to develop a rapid and non-expensive methodology that allows studying its characteristics, making labelling more objective and easier. The FTIR-ATR technique was used to predict some nutritional parameters in 126 bee pollen samples. FTIR-ATR spectrum obtained in the region between 4000 and 400 cm -1 with PLS Regression models were used to correlate spectral information with the data obtained using reference methods. In this first approach with pollen samples, good correlation models with appropriate accuracy were obtained for the evaluated parameters with r 2 varying from 74.8 to 97% and residual prediction deviation between 2.0 and 5.8. These results suggest that FTIR-ATR may be a useful technique for assessing bee pollen’s composition. Centro de Estudos Florestais is a research unit funded by FCT (PEst-OE/AGR/UI0239-2014). Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology is a research unit funded by FCT, UID/ BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569) and by the ERDF through the COMPETE2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizac¸a˜o (POCI). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Ligustrum lucidum Aiton including its berries have been used in Chinese Traditional Medicine for around 2000 years. Scientific studies developed on the last decades provided evidence on some biological properties of these products, mostly from particular geographic origins. In the present study, L. lucidium berries harvested in two regions of Portugal were considered. Extracts obtained with 100% ethanol, with 50% ethanol/water (v/v) and in boiled water were prepared and several parameters were assessed: antioxidant activity (using two methodologies), antimicrobial activity and phenolic profile. Results suggest that the different biological activities varied according to the region where samples were collected but also with the extraction methodology. Superior antioxidant potential was observed in water extracts, according to both assays, while for the remaining activities the ethanol 50% extracts had the highest activity. In these regions, the L. lucidum berries showed promising biological activities and may be interesting sources of compounds for the development of new drugs for diseases where oxidant reactive species and enzymatic disruption are believed to play a role as well as adjuvants for current antibiotic therapy.

The behaviour of cork under tensile stress in the axial direction was studied for samples taken from cork planks of good (class 1) and poor (class 4) quality grades and at three radial positions within the plank (inner, mid and outer positions). The effect of cork density (ranging from 0.123 to 0.203 g cm−3) and porosity (ranging from 2.8 to 9.6% in the tangential surface) on Young’s modulus and fracture stress and strain was studied. The tensile stress-strain curves of cork showed an elastic deformation up to 2% strain with a Young’s modulus of 30.8 MPa, and a fracture stress of 1.05 MPa at a strain of 7.1% for class 1, and Young’s modulus of 26.1 MPa, and a fracture stress of 0.77 MPa at a strain of 5.5% for class 4. Fracture always started at a pore. The quality class and the radial position in the plank were highly significant factors of the tensile properties variation with good quality cork in the inner part of the plank showing the highest strength. Density influenced the elastic behaviour of cork with a highly significant correlation of increasing E with density, but not so clearly the fracture stress and strain. The variability of tensile properties with porosity was large and although significant, the correlations were lower in spite of a decreasing trend of E with porosity. Fracture depended on the type of defects in cork.

En el presente documento se estudia la relación entre los esfuerzos de comprensión, tracción y flexión en corcho, así como la influencia de sus características estructurales sobre su compartamiento mecánico

The compression properties of cork were studied on samples obtained from cork planks of two commercial quality classes (good and poor quality), with densities ranging from 0.12–0.20g cm−3 and porosities from0.5 to 22.0%. The stress-strain curves were characterized by an elastic region up to approximately 5% strain, followed by a large plateau up to 60% strain caused by the progressive buckling of cell walls, and a steep stress increase for higher strains corresponding to cell collapse. The direction of compression was a highly significant factor of variation, with cork showing higher strength for the radial compression. Density influenced compression and cork samples with higher density showed overall larger resistance to compression in the three directions. In the elastic region, an exponential model of Young’s modulus in function of cork density could be adjusted. The effect of porosity on compression was small and the stress-strain curves were similar regardless of the porosity of the samples, although there was a trend toward an overall increase of stress with porosity for higher strains. Porosity was characterised by a high variability in the anatomical features of the lenticular filling material and the presence of collapsed and thick walled lignified cells. The inclusion of a porosity parameter for the modelling of the elastic modulus did not improve the prediction obtained with densitybased models. There was no significant difference in the compression properties of cork samples obtained from cork planks of good and poor quality classes.

Summary This study provides innovative information on the simultaneous use of Limousin oak and chestnut wood in the ageing of wine brandy. Ageing was performed in 650-L wooden barrels and in 3000-L stainless steel tanks with staves over a 2-year period. Effect of both kinds of wood in the brandy features depended on the ageing technology. Stainless steel tanks with staves originated lower enrichment of the brandy in dry extract (0.89 vs. 1.25 g L−1), total phenolics (22.33 vs. 29.40) and low molecular weight extractable compounds (119.83 vs. 231.65 mg L−1), but promoted a faster evolution of the analytical colour (lower L*, higher C*, a* and b*) and sensory colour (topaz and greenish vs. golden). The aroma and flavour profiles of the brandy were not significantly influenced by the ageing technology. Therefore, it is a promising option for both ageing technologies because it ensures the quality of brandy, together with a lower cost of the wood and exemption of the blending operation.

Submitted by Maria Eduarda Pereira Rodrigues (erodrigues@ipcb.pt) on 2016-02-18T12:18:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BioRes_11_1_1892_GarciaGonzalo_SMPSGA_Prediction_Softwood_Paper_Props_Density_Regression_8080.pdf: 885317 bytes, checksum: a53ab4c4bcb7710090b598a213c3ce5f (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Eduarda Pereira Rodrigues (erodrigues@ipcb.pt) on 2016-02-18T16:00:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BioRes_11_1_1892_GarciaGonzalo_SMPSGA_Prediction_Softwood_Paper_Props_Density_Regression_8080.pdf: 885317 bytes, checksum: a53ab4c4bcb7710090b598a213c3ce5f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-18T16:00:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BioRes_11_1_1892_GarciaGonzalo_SMPSGA_Prediction_Softwood_Paper_Props_Density_Regression_8080.pdf: 885317 bytes, checksum: a53ab4c4bcb7710090b598a213c3ce5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016

The odorants compounds of aged wine brandies comprise compounds deriving from the wood, from the distillate and from the reactions that occur inside the barrel. The aim of this work was to study the kinetics of the odorant compounds of a wine brandy during two years of ageing in two ageing systems. The odorant compounds in the analysed brandies changed significantly over the time, but with different evolution patterns. The wood related compounds increased over time, with the highest increase in the first months of ageing. The kinetics of cis, trans-b-methyl-c-octalactone, acetovanillone and of seven volatile phenols are established for the first time in brandies. Moreover, a significant effect of the ageing system was found on the kinetics of the wood related compounds. These results pointed out the interest of these compounds as a tool to discriminate different ageing technologies info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Se estudia en este trabajo el comportamiento de seis muestras de astillas de madera de Acacia melanoxylon, con densidades básicas de 449; 489; 493; 505; 514 y 616 kg/m³, en un proceso kraft de cocido y fabricación de papel. Las muestras de astillas fueron cribadas y enviadas al proceso de cocimiento kraft. Los ensayos fueron desarrollados con 1000 g. de madera seca en horno puestas en un digestor de circulación forzada. Las astillas cocidas fueron desintegradas, cribadas y lavadas. Los rendimientos cribados y totales, el número kappa y la viscosidad de la pulpa fueron determinados de acuerdo a métodos estándares.

Submitted by Ofélia Anjos (ofelia@ipcb.pt) on 2019-03-21T22:23:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_GA_abstract_book_pollen.pdf: 342443 bytes, checksum: f6904ad72787a9311835ba9f8b95e571 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Eduarda Pereira Rodrigues (erodrigues@ipcb.pt) on 2019-05-12T21:14:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_GA_abstract_book_pollen.pdf: 342443 bytes, checksum: f6904ad72787a9311835ba9f8b95e571 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-12T21:18:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_GA_abstract_book_pollen.pdf: 342443 bytes, checksum: f6904ad72787a9311835ba9f8b95e571 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In this paper, the morphological properties of fiber length (weighted in length) and of fiber width of unbleached Kraft pulp of Acacia melanoxylon were determined using TECHPAP Morfi® equipment (Techpap SAS, Grenoble, France), and were used in the calibration development of Near Infrared (NIR) partial least squares regression (PLS-R) models based on the spectral data obtained for the wood. It is the first time that fiber length and width of pulp were predicted with NIR spectral data of the initial woodmeal, with high accuracy and precision, and with ratios of performance to deviation (RPD) fulfilling the requirements for screening in breeding programs. The selected models for fiber length and fiber width used the second derivative and first derivative + multiplicative scatter correction (2ndDer and 1stDer + MSC) pre-processed spectra, respectively, in the wavenumber ranges from 7506 to 5440 cm−1. The statistical parameters of cross-validation (RMSECV (root mean square error of cross-validation) of 0.009 mm and 0.39 μm) and validation (RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction) of 0.007 mm and 0.36 μm) with RPDTS (ratios of performance to deviation of test set) values of 3.9 and 3.3, respectively, confirmed that the models are robust and well qualified for prediction. This modeling approach shows a high potential to be used for tree breeding and improvement programs, providing a rapid screening for desired fiber morphological properties of pulp prediction. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Submitted by Maria Silva (mfsilva@ipcb.pt) on 2017-05-30T10:17:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_Prediction of mechanical strength of cork under compression using machine learning techniques_M&D.pdf: 707104 bytes, checksum: db6c689b70b3cc82aefadd5c541698b2 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Eduarda Pereira Rodrigues (erodrigues@ipcb.pt) on 2017-07-22T16:19:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_Prediction of mechanical strength of cork under compression using machine learning techniques_M&D.pdf: 707104 bytes, checksum: db6c689b70b3cc82aefadd5c541698b2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-22T16:20:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_Prediction of mechanical strength of cork under compression using machine learning techniques_M&D.pdf: 707104 bytes, checksum: db6c689b70b3cc82aefadd5c541698b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Aim of the study: The ability of NIR spectroscopy for predicting the ISO brightness was studied on unbleached Kraft pulps of Acacia melanoxylon R. Br.Area of study: Sites covering littoral north, mid interior north and centre interior of Portugal.Materials and methods: The samples were Kraft pulped in standard identical conditions targeted to a kappa number of 15. A Near Infrared (NIR) partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was developed for the ISO brightness prediction using 75 pulp samples with a variation range of 18.9 to 47.9 %.Main results: Very good correlations between NIR spectra and ISO brightness were obtained. Ten methods were used for PLS analysis (cross validation with 48 samples), and a test set validation was made with 27 samples. The 1stDer pre-processed spectra coupling two wavenumber ranges from 9404 to 7498 cm-1 and 4605 to 4243 cm-1 allowed the best model with a root mean square error of ISO brightness prediction of 0.5 % (RMSEP), a r2 of 99.5 % with a RPD of 14.7.Research highlights: According to AACC Method 39-00, the present model is sufficiently accurate to be used for process control (RPD ≥ 8).Key words: Acacia melanoxylon; unbleached Kraft pulps; ISO Brightness; NIR; RPD.

The aim of this work is develop a tool based on neural networks to predict the botanical origin of honeys using physical and chemical parameters. The managed database consists of 49 honey samples of 2 different classes: monofloral (almond, holm oak, sweet chestnut, eucalyptus, orange, rosemary, lavender, strawberry trees, thyme, heather, sunflower) and multifloral. The moisture content, electrical conductivity, water activity, ashes content, pH, free acidity, colorimetric coordinates in CIELAB space (L∗, a∗, b∗) and total phenols content of the honey samples were evaluated. Those properties were considered as input variables of the predictive model. The neural network is optimised through several tests with different numbers of neurons in the hidden layer and also with different input variables. The reduced error rates (5%) allow us to conclude that the botanical origin of honey can be reliably and quickly known from the colorimetric information and the electrical conductivity of honey.

A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic method with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and partial least squares (PLS) regression model for the prediction of sugar content in honey samples was calculated. Standards of trehalose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, melezitose, turanose and maltose were used to identify and quantify the individual sugar components in 63 honey samples by HPAEC-IPAD. Fructose and glucose are the highest sugars in honey with an average value of 36% and 26%, respectively. The 1stDer spectra with MSC or SLS in the wave number range from 1500 to 750cm(-1) provide the best calibration model with a r(2) of 86.60 and 86.01 with RPD of 2.6 and 2.55, respectively for fructose and glucose. For turanose and melezitose good models were also found. The FTIR-ATR showed to be a good methodology to quantify the main sugar content in honey and easily adapted to routine analysis.

The pulping properties of cypress species are not known and the present paper aims to filling this gap. Namely, Cupressus lusitanica Mill., C. sempervirens L. and C. arizonica Greene have been submitted to kraft pulping and the pulp properties are compared with those of Pinus pinaster Aiton. and P. sylvestris Watereri as references. Schopper Riegler degree, density, Bekk’s smoothness, tensile index, tear index, burst index, stretch, dry zero-span strength, wet zero-span strength, brightness, opacity and light scattering coefficient have been tested. The pulp yields and delignification degrees of cypress woods were lower than those of the pine references. Fibre length, width and coarseness were statistically different between pines and cypress species and C. sempervirens pulps have corresponding data close to those of pine species. Cypress pulps can be refined much faster than pine pulps. The papers sheets of cypress fibres have, in general, lower mechanical performance than those of pine fibres. Papers from C. arizonica and C. lusitanica are similar and C. sempervirens has intermediate properties being between the other cypress and pine species. However, cypress fibres are relatively short, flexible and collapsible and can be refined with low energy demand, and thus could be incorporated into papers resulting in products with better light scattering and smoothness.

Wood density and pulp yield are key parameters in the evaluation of tree productivity and quality for pulping and their relationships are of high practical importance. The influence of wood density on pulp yield and other pulp quality parameters was investigated using Acacia melanoxylon and its natural variability as a case study. Twenty trees were harvested (five trees in each of four sites in Portugal), and wood discs taken at different height levels, from the base to the top of the tree, providing 100 wood samples, covering the natural variability of wood density ranging from 449 kg m−3 to 649 kg m−3. Under the same experimental conditions of kraft pulping, screened pulp yield ranged 47.0–58.2 %, Kappa number 10.9–18.4, ISO brightness 14.9–45.6, fibre length 0.660–0.940 mm and fibre width 16.2–22.9 μm. The pulp yield and Kappa number were not correlated with wood density. Higher pulp yields were associated with lower Kappa numbers and alkali consumption, suggesting the important role of chemical composition of wood on kraft cooking. The results confirm the high pulping potential of Acacia melanoxylon trees grown in Portugal and suggest the possibility of tree selection using both wood density and pulp yield.

Two models were developed to evaluate total volume under and over-bark of Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon R. Br.) stand trees. By variance analysis regarding volume with and without bark it was confirmed that trees age is responsible for 48 to 50% of its volumetric behaviour. Considered the averages of those variables and regarding the three homogeneous groups of the studied sites, a single model type was used (v=β1dβ2hβ3) for estimating volumes. The critical errors are between 72 and 195 dm3 under-bark, and 82 and 212dm3 over-bark. The model that uses sites as dummy variables to the estimation of stand tree volumes is the same, and this method performs maximum expected errors with values of 155 dm3 (under-bark) and 169dm3 (over-bark), to mean maximum volumes of 1362 and 1459 dm3 respectively.The use of dummy variables is a more expedite and rapid modelling method, and its maximum expected errors perform lower values.Keywords: Blackwood; tree volume; modelling; ANOVA; dummy variables. ResumoDois métodos para estimar o volume em pé de árvores de Acacia melanoxylon em Portugal. Foram construídos dois modelos para estimar o volume sobre e sob casca de árvores em pé da acácia austrália (Acacia melanoxylon R. Br.). Por análise de variância do volume com e sem casca, foi confirmado que a idade das árvores é responsável por 48 a 50% do seu comportamento volumétrico. Consideradas as médias dessas variáveis e tendo em conta os três grupos homogêneos das “estações” estudadas, foi usado um único modelo tipo (v = β1dβ2hβ3) para estimar volumes. Os erros críticos situam-se entre 72 e 195 dm3 sobre casca, e 82 e 212 dm3 sob casca. O modelo que usa as “estações” como variáveis dummy para estimar volumes de árvores em pé é o mesmo e gera erros máximos esperados com valores de 155 dm3 (sob casca) e de 169 dm3 (sobre casca), para volumes máximos médios de 1362 e 1459 dm3, respectivamente. A utilização de variáveis dummy é um método de modelação rápido e mais expedito, e os seus valores de erros máximos esperados são inferiores.Palavras-chave: Austrália; volume de árvore; modelação; ANOVA; variáveis dummy.

The behaviour of cork under three point bending stress in the radial direction was evaluated in relation to porosity (range 2.0–15.4%) and density (range 0.160–0.220 g cm−3). The study was made using water-boiled cork planks of two commercial quality classes (good and poor quality) collected at an industrial mill. Cork samples were cut with the largest dimension in two directions, axial and tangential, and with the load zone in the inner part and the outer part of the plank. The stress-strain curves obtained in bending were similar for the different test specimens and similar to those observed for tensile tests in cork but the mechanical resistance of cork in bending was higher than in tension and lower than in compression. The direction of the internal stress in samples submitted to bending was a highly significant factor of variation. The curves showed an initial linear elastic region with a mean Young’s modulus of 14 MPa for the tangential direction and 21 MPa for the axial direction, followed by a region of a gradual cork yielding up to a peak load, and failure at an average stress of 1.2 MPa and a strain of 14%. There was significant difference in the bending properties of cork samples obtained from cork planks of different quality classes. Density and porosity were not individually well correlated with the mechanical parameters. It was however possible to model Young’s modulus by combining porosity and density.

Wooden barrels are used in the ageing or maturation of many alcoholic beverages, namely brandies and wines. However, the high costs related to ageing in wooden barrels have led to a search for alternative technologies. In this study we examined the application of wood fragments to the beverage in order to promote an accelerated ageing. We evaluated the sensory and chemical modifications in brandy aged in presence of two types of wood fragments, from two different woods (Limousin oak wood and Portuguese chestnut wood), and compared those with a brandy aged in wooden barrels. The results of the analysis of variance revealed more significant effects of wood botanical species than the ageing system on the sensory attributes. Concerning the ageing system, significant differences in brandy colour attributes were found, namely golden, topaz and greenish; olfactory attributes such as alcoholic, toasted and coffee; and the gustatory attribute, bitter. The brandies aged in the presence of wood tablets presented the highest intensities of topaz and greenish colour, toasted and coffee odours, while the brandies aged in wooden barrels presented the highest intensities of golden colour, alcohol odour and bitter taste. However, the overall quality of the brandies was similar. The analysis of odourant compounds showed a great discrimination of the brandies based on the ageing system. The brandies aged in wooden barrels presented the highest levels of several ethyl esters, acids, furanic aldehydes and the lowest levels of volatile phenols. Thus, considering the overall quality of the brandies, these results suggest the use of wood fragments to be an interesting alternative technology. On the other hand, the chemical analysis of the brandies showed the possibility of discriminating the ageing technologies based on odourant compound levels.

The behaviour of cork under tensile stress in the tangential direction was studied using cork planks of two commercial quality classes and samples taken at three radial positions in the cork planks. The stress–strain curves showed a linear elastic region approximately until 2% strain (stress at 0.4 MPa), followed by a region of decreasing slope up to the fracture at an average stress of 0.6 MPa (strain of 5%). The radial position in the cork plank was a highly significant factor of variation in the tensile properties. The tensile properties showed statistically significant correlations with cork density and porosity.

Submitted by Ofélia Anjos (ofelia@ipcb.pt) on 2019-03-18T18:00:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_Mineral composition of pollen using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy.pdf: 139585 bytes, checksum: ff8e2d115c207acfc68d84f5b0a4067e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Eduarda Pereira Rodrigues (erodrigues@ipcb.pt) on 2019-04-15T09:49:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_Mineral composition of pollen using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy.pdf: 139585 bytes, checksum: ff8e2d115c207acfc68d84f5b0a4067e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-15T09:56:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_Mineral composition of pollen using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy.pdf: 139585 bytes, checksum: ff8e2d115c207acfc68d84f5b0a4067e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Submitted by Ofélia Anjos (ofelia@ipcb.pt) on 2019-03-18T17:55:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Effect of Acacia Melanoxylon Fibre Morphology on Papermaking Potential.pdf: 160083 bytes, checksum: e6ee28bcacd30a5063ce65d5c8069c1e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Eduarda Pereira Rodrigues (erodrigues@ipcb.pt) on 2019-04-15T09:49:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Effect of Acacia Melanoxylon Fibre Morphology on Papermaking Potential.pdf: 160083 bytes, checksum: e6ee28bcacd30a5063ce65d5c8069c1e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-15T09:55:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Effect of Acacia Melanoxylon Fibre Morphology on Papermaking Potential.pdf: 160083 bytes, checksum: e6ee28bcacd30a5063ce65d5c8069c1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Paper properties determine the product application potential and depend on the raw material, pulping conditions, and pulp refining. The aim of this study was to construct mathematical models that predict quantitative relations between the paper density and various mechanical and optical properties of the paper. A dataset of properties of paper handsheets produced with pulps of Acacia dealbata, Acacia melanoxylon, and Eucalyptus globulus beaten at 500, 2500, and 4500 revolutions was used. Unsupervised classification techniques were combined to assess the need to perform separated prediction models for each species, and multivariable regression techniques were used to establish such prediction models. It was possible to develop models with a high goodness of fit using paper density as the independent variable (or predictor) for all variables except tear index and zero-span tensile strength, both dry and wet. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A total of 120 Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. (Australian blackwood) stem discs, belonging to 20 trees from four sites in Portugal, were used in this study. The samples were kraft pulped under standard identical conditions targeted to a Kappa number of 15. A Near Infrared (NIR) partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was developed for the Kappa number prediction using 75 pulp samples with a narrow Kappa number variation range of 10 to 17. Very good correlations between NIR spectra of A. melanoxylon pulps and Kappa numbers were obtained. Besides the raw spectra, also pre-processed spectra with ten methods were used for PLS analysis (cross validation with 48 samples), and a test set validation was made with 27 samples. The first derivative spectra in the wavenumber range from 6110 to 5440 cm-1 yielded the best model with a root mean square error of prediction of 0.4 units of Kappa number, a coefficient of determination of 92.1%, and two PLS components, with the ratios of performance to deviation (RPD) of 3.6 and zero outliers. The obtained NIR-PLSR model for Kappa number determination is sufficiently accurate to be used in screening programs and in quality control.

Aging systems of wine brandies have been a target of investigation to reduce the costs and aging time. In this study, the extractives and Klason lignin contents of wood fragments used in the aging of wine brandies in stainless steel tanks were evaluated. Two types of wood fragments, known as staves and tablets, and two wood botanical species, Limousin oak (Quercus robur L. from the Limousin region of France) and Portuguese chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), with heavy toasting levels were used. The wood extractive and Klason lignin contents were analyzed before and 30 months after the aging of wine brandy. The results showed that the chestnut wood presented the highest content of extractives, while the Klason and total lignin contents were higher in the oak wood. A highly significant effect from the tablets was found on the extractives and Klason lignin contents, while the soluble lignin content was more affected by the staves. Oxygenation of the wine brandies during the aging process negatively affected the release of extractives and lignin from the wood to the brandy, and therefore will impact the overall quality of the brandy.

Ligustrum lucidum Aiton including its berries have been used in Chinese Traditional Medicine for around 2000 years. Scientific studies developed on the last decades provided evidence on some biological properties of these products, mostly from particular geographic origins. In the present study, L. lucidium berries harvested in two regions of Portugal were considered. Extracts obtained with 100% ethanol, with 50% ethanol/water (v/v) and in boiled water were prepared and several parameters were assessed: antioxidant activity (using two methodologies), antimicrobial activity and phenolic profile. Results suggest that the different biological activities varied according to the region where samples were collected but also with the extraction methodology. Superior antioxidant potential was observed in water extracts, according to both assays, while for the remaining activities the ethanol 50% extracts had the highest activity. In these regions, the L. lucidum berries showed promising biological activities and may be interesting sources of compounds for the development of new drugs for diseases where oxidant reactive species and enzymatic disruption are believed to play a role as well as adjuvants for current antibiotic therapy. The author Anjos O. wishes to thank to Centro de Estudos Florestais that is a research unit funded by FCT (UID/AGR/UI00239/2013). The author Campos M.G. wishes to thank to the “Strategic Project RG-Centre-177-3717 from Science and Technology Foundation”, UID/QUI/00313/2013 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007630 (Portugal). The author Estevinho M.L. wishes to thank to the strategic programmer UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER- 007569) funded by national funds through the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE2020- Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI). The authors would like to express their gratitude to Isabele Salavessa (IPCB Languages Centre) for the English revision. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. (acácia-austrália ou austrália) cresce bem em Portugal, em povoamentos puros ou mistos com Pinus pinaster Aiton, ainda que apresente fortes constrangimentos ecológicos e legais. Apesar de algumas dificuldades, por exemplo na secagem, a madeira de austrália é usada em mobiliário e produtos manufacturados devido, principalmente, à sua textura e cor escura. Pode também ser usada para pasta, sendo plantada em muitos países com esse propósito juntamente com Acacia mangium e A. dealbata. O seu potencial papeleiro tem sido estudado por vários autores (Clark et al., 1991; Guigan et al., 1991; Furtado, 1994; Gil et al., 1999; Paavilainen, 2000; Santos et al., 2002; Santos et al., 2006). A indústria florestal em Portugal depende fortemente do pinheiro-bravo e do eucalipto, com a consequente competição negativa, entre as várias indústrias, para a mesma matéria-prima. Em Portugal existem muitos povoamentos espontâneos com acácia, nomeadamente A. dealbata e A. melanoxylon. Enquanto a A. dealbata é considerada um problema ecológico, a A. melanoxylon não o é e está bem adaptada às condições portuguesas. Por este motivo poderá ser considerada uma espécie produtora de matéria-prima alternativa das serrações e da indústria papeleira, e poderá evitar largas áreas de monocultura e minimizar o risco de incêndio. O acréscimo anual em diâmetro da acácia (0,89 cm.ano-1) excede o do pinheiro-bravo (0,58 a 0,85 cm.ano-1) (Tavares et al., 2004) e aproxima-se do eucalipto (0,84 a 0,96 cm.ano-1) (Tomé et al., 2001). As propriedades da madeira sólida de acácia (Massa volúmica média - 650 kg.m-3 ± 75, Tensão média de rotura à flexão ± sd - 146 N.mm-2 ± 24, Módulo de elasticidade médio ± sd - 14200 N.mm-2 ± 2160 e Tensão média de rotura à compressão axial ± sd - 61 N.mm-2 ± 7) permitem considerá-la uma espécie alternativa ao pinheiro-bravo (630 kg.m-3 ± 75, 130 N.mm-2 ± 33, 10500 N.mm-2 ± 3590 e 47 N.mm-2 ± 10) (Machado e Cruz, 2005). As madeiras de pinheiro-bravo e de acácia podem ser, em geral, classificadas como de fraca a média densidade, de média resistência e rigidez. A qualidade do pinho é muito variável, sendo o seu potencial reconhecido a partir de dados provenientes de povoamentos de elevada qualidade (Machado e Cruz, 2005). Relativamente ao potencial papeleiro, para uma dada resistência à drenagem (30 ºSR), os papeis produzidos a partir de acácia apresentam densidades aparentes mais elevadas que as de eucalipto (0,80 to 0,66 g/cm³) (Santos et al., 2004). Isto é devido à menor massa linear e mais elevada flexibilidade e colapsabilidade das suas fibras (Santos et al., 2006). Apesar do ligeiramente maior comprimento de fibra, esta produz papeis com boa relação entre a dispersão de luz e a lisura, ainda com boa resistência à tracção e a baixos níveis de consumo de energia na refinação. Este comportamento demonstra que as fibras de acácia apresentam um potencial de utilização interessante, pelo menos quando usadas juntamente com fibras de eucalipto na produção de papel para impressão e escrita. Este artigo diz respeito à análise do potencial da acácia como fonte de matéria-prima para a indústria Portuguesa (como madeira sólida e pasta e papel), reunindo informação da gestão florestal, da qualidade da madeira e da fibra. Será usado conhecimento adquirido em projectos de investigação anteriores e resultados preliminares da investigação em curso sobre A. melanoxylon proveniente de povoamento mistos (com P. pinaster) e puros, no norte de Portugal. Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. (Blackwood) grows well in Portugal, in pure or mixed stands with Pinus pinaster Aiton though it faces strong ecological and legal constraints. In spite of some difficulties, for instance with drying, Blackwood timber is used for furniture and craft wood products due mainly to its texture and dark colour. It can also be used for pulp, being planted in many countries for that purpose along with Acacia mangium and A. dealbata. Its pulping and paper making potential have been studied by several authors (Clark et al., 1991; Guigan et al., 1991; Furtado, 1994; Gil et al., 1999; Paavilainen, 2000; Santos et al., 2002; Santos et al., 2006). Forest industry in Portugal depends strongly on maritime pine and eucalypt, with the consequent negative competition between the various industries for the same raw material. In Portugal there are many spontaneous stands with Acacia species, namely A. dealbata and A. melanoxylon. While A. dealbata species is considered a problem (at ecological level), A. melanoxylon is well adapted to Portuguese conditions. Therefore, it should be considered as an alternative raw material for sawmills and pulp industry and can prevent large monoculture areas therefore minimizing the risk of fire. Diameter annual increment of acacia (0.89 cm.ano-1) exceeds maritime pine (0.58 to 0.85 cm.ano-1) (Tavares et al., 2004) and comes close to eucalypt (0.84 to 0.96 cm.ano-1) (Tomé et al., 2001). Acacia solid wood properties (Average density ± sd - 650 kg.m-3 ± 75, Average bending strength ± sd - 146 N.mm-2 ± 24, Average modulus of elasticity ± sd - 14200 N.mm-2 ± 2160 and Average axial compression strength ± sd - 61 N.mm-2 ± 7) allow this species to be considered as an alternative to maritime pine (630 kg.m-3 ± 75, 130 N.mm-2 ± 33, 10500 N.mm-2 ± 3590 and 47 N.mm-2 ± 10) (Machado e Cruz, 2005). Maritime pine and acacia woods can be, in general, classified as light to medium density showing medium strength and stiffness. Maritime wood pine quality shows a high variability being its potential claimed from data obtained from high quality forest stands (Machado e Cruz, 2005). Concerning papermaking potential, at a given drainage resistance (30 ºSR), the papers produced with acacia present higher apparent densities than eucalypt (0.80 to 0.66 g/cm³) (Santos et al., 2004). This is due to the lower coarseness and higher flexibility and collapsibility of its fibers (Santos et al., 2006). Despite the slightly higher fiber length, this fiber leads to papers with good relationship of light scattering and smoothness, together with good tensile strength and at low refining energy consumption. This behavior demonstrates that acacia fibers show an interesting potential use, at least in conjunction with eucalypt fibers for writing and printing paper. This paper concerns analysis of acacia's potential as raw material source for Portuguese industry (as solid wood and pulp and paper), getting together information from forest management, wood and fiber quality. It will be using knowledge acquired from previous research projects and preliminary results from an ongoing research on A. melanoxylon from mixed (with P. pinaster) or pure stands in the north of Portugal. L'Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. (acacia australie ou australie) grandit bien au Portugal, en peuplements purs ou mixtes avec Pinus pinaster Aiton, malgré de fortes contraintes écologiques et légales. Outre quelques difficultés, par exemple au séchage, le bois d'Australie est utilisé en ameublement et produits manufacturés, principalement, grâce à sa texture et couleur foncée. Il peut aussi être utilisé en fabrication de pâte à papier et était planté dans plusieurs pays à cette fin joint à Acacia mangium et A. dealbata. Son potentiel papetier a été étudié par des auteurs divers (Clark et al., 1991; Guigan et al., 1991; Furtado, 1994; Gil et al., 1999; Paavilainen, 2000; Santos et al., 2002; Santos et al., 2006). L'industrie forestière au Portugal dépend fortement du pin maritime et de l'eucalyptus, avec pour conséquence une compétition négative, entre les diverses industries, pour la même matière première. Au Portugal beaucoup de peuplements spontanés d'acacia existent, nommément A. dealbata et A. melanoxylon. Tandis que l'A. dealbata est considérée comme étant un problème écologique, l'A. melanoxylon ne l'est pas et est bien adaptée aux conditions portugaises. Pour ce motif elle pourrait être considérée comme une essence productrice de matière première alternative pour les scieries et l'industrie papetière, et pourrait éviter les larges surfaces de monoculture et minimiser le risque d'incendie. L'accroissement annuel en diamètre de l'acacia (0,89 cm.ano-1) excède celui du pin maritime (0,58 a 0,85 cm.ano-1) (Tavares et al., 2004) et s'approche de celui de l'eucalyptus (0,84 a 0,96 cm.ano-1) (TomÉ et al., 2001). Les propriétés du bois solide d'acacia (Densité moyenne - 650 kg.m-3 ± 75, Résistance moyenne à la flexion ± sd - 146 N.mm-2 ± 24, Module d'élasticité moyen ± sd - 14200 N.mm-2 ± 2160 et Résistance moyenne à la compression axiale ± sd - 61 N.mm-2 ± 7) permettent de la considérer comme une essence alternative au pin maritime (630 kg.m-3 ± 75, 130 N.mm-2 ± 33, 10500 N.mm-2 ± 3590 e 47 N.mm-2 ± 10) (Machado e Cruz, 2005). Les bois de pin maritime et d'acacia peuvent être, en général, classés de faible à moyenne densité, de moyenne résistance et rigidité. La qualité du pin est très variable, son potentiel étant reconnu à partir de donnés provenant de peuplements de qualité élevée (Machado e Cruz, 2005). Par rapport au potentiel papetier, pour une certaine résistance au drainage (30 ºSR), les papiers produits à partir d'acacia présentent des densités apparentes plus élevées que celles d'eucalyptus (0,80 to 0,66 g/cm³) (Santos et al., 2004). Ceci est dû à la masse linéaire inférieur et à une flexibilité et colapsabilité plus élevées des fibres (Santos et al., 2006). Malgré la longueur légèrement plus grande des fibres, elle produit des papiers de bon rapport entre la dispersion de lumière et le lissage, de plus elle présente une bonne résistance à la traction et a de bas niveaux de consommation d'énergie pendant le raffinage. Ce comportement démontre que les fibres d'acacia présentent un potentiel d'utilisation intéressant, au moins quand elles sont utilisées avec les fibres d'eucalyptus, pour la production de papier d'impression et d'écriture. Cet article traite de l'analyse du potentiel de l'acacia comme source de matière première pour l'industrie Portugaise (comme bois solide et de pâte à papier), en réunissant de l'information de la gestion forestière, de la qualité du bois et de la fibre. A cette fin ont été utilisés la connaissance acquise lors de projets de recherche antérieurs ainsi que des résultats préliminaires de la recherche en cours sur A. melanoxylon provenant de peuplements mixtes (avec P. pinaster) et purs, au nord de Portugal.

Submitted by Ofélia Anjos (ofelia@ipcb.pt) on 2019-03-21T22:29:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_ GA_Acacia Dealbata.pdf: 1602474 bytes, checksum: 30ecd254a77a5f4ce40984522769acfd (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Eduarda Pereira Rodrigues (erodrigues@ipcb.pt) on 2019-05-12T21:15:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_ GA_Acacia Dealbata.pdf: 1602474 bytes, checksum: 30ecd254a77a5f4ce40984522769acfd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-12T21:21:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_ GA_Acacia Dealbata.pdf: 1602474 bytes, checksum: 30ecd254a77a5f4ce40984522769acfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A comprehensive overview of the sustainability of wood-based technologies for the production of high-quality and differentiated wine spirits, and the research carried out in this field is provided in this chapter. Barrels are actively involved in the wine spirit's composition and sensory changes due to the transfer of oxygen, and extractive compounds from wood to the beverage. The key physicochemical phenomena and determining factors at the aging stage are illustrated with regard to the sustainable use of wood both in barrels and through innovative technologies for wine spirit's aging. A broad perspective is offered to readers on the fair and sustainable use and reuse of wood, the circular economy and its relationship with cooperage efficiency, including responsible relations/commitments in the entire value chain (from the forest to the aged wine spirit). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Submitted by Ofélia Anjos (ofelia@ipcb.pt) on 2019-03-18T13:23:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_GA_abstract_book_coffee.pdf: 166218 bytes, checksum: c58bad10bf112254be7c3762347c6213 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Eduarda Pereira Rodrigues (erodrigues@ipcb.pt) on 2019-04-15T09:49:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_GA_abstract_book_coffee.pdf: 166218 bytes, checksum: c58bad10bf112254be7c3762347c6213 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-15T09:55:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_GA_abstract_book_coffee.pdf: 166218 bytes, checksum: c58bad10bf112254be7c3762347c6213 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Submitted by Ofélia Anjos (ofelia@ipcb.pt) on 2019-03-21T22:26:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_GA_Therapeutic potential of pollen.pdf: 1644795 bytes, checksum: 1ec2d931355ac5aa9d4e1b1f73a0d4cc (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Eduarda Pereira Rodrigues (erodrigues@ipcb.pt) on 2019-05-12T21:15:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_GA_Therapeutic potential of pollen.pdf: 1644795 bytes, checksum: 1ec2d931355ac5aa9d4e1b1f73a0d4cc (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-12T21:20:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_GA_Therapeutic potential of pollen.pdf: 1644795 bytes, checksum: 1ec2d931355ac5aa9d4e1b1f73a0d4cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion