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What happens when the Phaeacian ship returns to Scheria in book XIII of the Odyssey has been a vexed question ever since Antiquity. It is clear that Poseidon turns it into stone on Zeus’ advice, but does Zeus advise anything beyond that, and does Poseidon do anything beyond that? In v. 158, where Zeus gives his advice, the text is uncertain: according to the vulgate reading, Zeus approves of Poseidon’s intention to place a mountain on top of (or around) the city, but according to an ancient variant, he advises against it. Modern scholarship is no less divided on the issue (or issues) than the ancients. Considerations from Homeric “theology” have dominated the debate: must the prophecy given to Nausithous, which included the mountain, be fulfi lled, or would it be out of character for Zeus to go along with Poseidon’s ruthless punishment? This paper argues that the conversation between Zeus and Poseidon leading up to v. 158 shows that Poseidon will do what Zeus advises, and that Zeus’ advice in v. 158 must have been “no”. That Poseidon in 162f. petrifi es the ship and then leaves confi rms this. “Theological” and other non-contextual considerations that have been advanced against this reading are scrutinized and found to be unconvincing. If the issue can thus be decided from the context alone, the outcome may in turn inform wider “theological” and other discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Moenia: Revista Lucense de Lingüística & Literatura is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the ways in which poverty, as a condition, and as represented by poor individuals, poses a challenge to wealthy, elite characters in the Odyssey. Great, almost revolutionary, changes took place in Greece in the eighth century BC, when the Odyssey was most likely composed. The audience of the epic, it is argued, comprised both wealthy, elite and poor, non-elite persons. The bases of wealth and poverty in the Odyssey were land, or the lack of it. Reflecting the instability of the eighth century, the Odyssey repeatedly presents a fall into poverty as a very real, challenging possibility for wealthy individuals. In the epic, the presence of poverty in their midst, as represented by the 'beggar' (Odysseus in disguise), tests the humanity and compassion of the characters whom he meets. The suitors fail the test, reacting with cruelty and contempt to the poor man. Eumaios and Penelope rise to the challenge, showing pity and generosity of spirit. The Odyssey thus indicates that moral goodness is independent of wealth and status, and that pity and compassion are the appropriate responses to the poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Classica: Revista Brasileira de Estudos Clássicos is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Classicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanitas: Revista de Estudos Greco-Latinas is the property of Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ágora: Estudos Clássicos em Debate is the property of Agora: Estudos Classicos em Debate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subject of the article is to recall three translations of the Odyssey by Józef Wittlin (1924, 1931, 1957) and to examine the various contexts that accompany them. After completing the first version of the translation, the translator, not being satisfied with the final effect of his work, returned to Homer’s songs many times. The epic accompanied Wittlin in all the diffcult moments he experienced. The story of the King of Ithaca reflected the situation of a 20th century man facing two great wars, experiencing extreme anxiety and uncertainty, suffering and finally losing hope of finding the right way home thus returning to the pre-occupation world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses and discusses the references to the Greek hero and demigod Heracles as they appear in the Homeric epics and in Apollonius of Rhodes' Argonautica. Methodologically, it is based on narratological character analysis in a diachronic perspective, and with a cognitive take. It is demonstrated that Heracles serves specific narrative and metapoetic purposes in all the three epics concerned. In the Iliad, by way of several external analepses he fulfils a proleptic function in his role as the first destroyer of Troy, foreshadowing the ultimate destruction of the city. The Odyssey, in turn, attempts to unwrite Heracles from the epic memory by condemning him into the Underworld and into Heaven, and by emphasizing his barbarian nature. Finally, in the Argonautica Heracles is first present, then absent from the main narrative, and on a metapoetic level he is used as a means of reflecting alternative narrative strategies and contents. In sum, it can be demonstrated that the Heracles figure is particularly apt to serve all these narrative and metapoetic ends because of its decidedly multifaceted, contradictory, and transtextual nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that as the author of the first letter of Ovid's Heroides Penelope, in addition to expressing her wishes for her husband's return, takes on the role of Ulysses himself; she goes to war, travels the seas and eventually comes home. She does so by manipulating the space of her story and wielding her letters as her surrogates. Contrary to her standard portrait, Penelope in the Heroides is a capable narrator, conscious of her mythological and literary tradition, who seeks to break away from her static role through the act of writing. Ovid's Penelope structures her narrative to take it to Troy and then return to Ithaca on her own odyssey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution concerns Eustathios of Thessalonica, the most important scholar of the 12th century, who wrote a philological and grammatical commentary on The Odyssey and The Iliad. Entitled Parekbolai, this particular commentary is based on a compilation of excerpts from remarks on Homer constituting a kind of anthology; taken together, it functions as an autonomous, personal and independent commentary on the Homeric text. In his Proems, and in this case, in his Proem on The Odyssey, he explains his technical approach and the method of his interpretation of the Homeric text.

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often associated with mixed dyslipidaemia, where non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels may more closely align with cardiovascular risk than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We describe the design and rationale of the ODYSSEY DM-DYSLIPIDEMIA study that assesses the efficacy and safety of alirocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, versus lipid-lowering usual care in individuals with T2DM and mixed dyslipidaemia at high cardiovascular risk with non-HDL-C inadequately controlled despite maximally tolerated statin therapy. For the first time, atherogenic cholesterol-lowering with a PCSK9 inhibitor will be assessed with non-HDL-C as the primary endpoint with usual care as the comparator. Methods DM-DYSLIPIDEMIA is a Phase 3b/4, randomised, open-label, parallel group, multinational study that planned to enrol 420 individuals. Main inclusion criteria were T2DM and mixed dyslipidaemia (non-HDL-C ≥100 mg/dl [≥2.59 mmol/l], and triglycerides ≥150 and

This discussion looks in some depth at the heavily revised second edition, posthumously published in 1802, of Cowper's translation of Homer. For editors and critics it has never displaced the first edition of 1791, yet Cowper's revisions served to correct many of the flaws they diagnosed. It is argued that Cowper's increasing responsiveness to criticism by laymen and scholars alike was neither a symptom of his deteriorating mental state, as Robert Southey claimed, nor a mere expression of his desire to appease hostile reviewers, but rather an extension of the same collaborative modus operandi that helped him produce the translation in the first place. The lack of scholarly attention to the 1802 edition has, until now, prevented proper understanding of Cowper's achievement in translating the Homeric epics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homer's account of Odysseus' journey back to Ithaca refers, as well, the waiting of queen Penelope in the palace, a lapse that includes the ten-year Trojan War and ten more years for her husband to return. At home, Penelope experiences all kinds of emotional conflicts while trying to preserve Odysseus' property unscathed and productive. This paper will focus on the passages in which the environment is always presented as a companion within the narrative of Penelope's suffering and schemes; by doing so, we will observe the ways in which the surroundings become an ally for the queen since the first chant. Odysseus' adventures keep particular links with the spaces surrounding Penelope. This paper intends to demonstrate these meta-readings. As a literary work that, according to recent studies, is the most influential narrative in the Western world, the Odyssey has been addressed from a great variety of viewpoints; however, we think our analysis, which compares architecture and literature, offers an original and relevant perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperlipidemia plays a crucial role in the underlying pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, carotid stenosis, and heart failure. The risk of developing such diseases in the diabetic population is relatively high. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for premature atherosclerosis. The hallmark of DM dyslipidemia is a demonstrably high level of atherogenic triglyceride rich lipids including very low-density lipoprotein, chylomicrons, and small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Moderate to high intensity statins, targeting LDL cholesterol reduction, remain the cornerstone in the management of this unique disorder. Many 'non-statin' drugs have recently been studied in the DM patients who were either on a 'maximally tolerated statin' or 'statin intolerant'. Ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are particularly important and were incorporated in the recent guidelines by the European Society of Cardiology, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and American Diabetes Association. Icosapent Ethyl has garnered huge interest this year following publication of the REDUCE-IT trial. There are several newer hypolipidemic drugs, including Bempedoic acid, Inclisiran and RVX-208, that are in different phases of clinical trials. In this article, we review the underlying pathophysiology of DM dyslipidemia, existing guidelines related to its management, and the potential of newer hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory drugs being incorporated in the management of DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia: Questoes & Debates is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Classica: Revista Brasileira de Estudos Clássicos is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Classicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Classica: Revista Brasileira de Estudos Clássicos is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Classicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Classica: Revista Brasileira de Estudos Clássicos is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Classicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Critical Hermeneutics: Biannual Journal of Philosophy is the property of Universita degli Studi di Cagliari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Genome imputation, admixture resolution and genome-wide association analyses are timely and computationally intensive processes with many composite and requisite steps. Analysis time increases further when building and installing the run programs required for these analyses. For scientists that may not be as versed in programing language, but want to perform these operations hands on, there is a lengthy learning curve to utilize the vast number of programs available for these analyses. Results: In an effort to streamline the entire process with easy-to-use steps for scientists working with big data, the Odyssey pipeline was developed. Odyssey is a simplified, efficient, semi-automated genome-wide imputation and analysis pipeline, which prepares raw genetic data, performs pre-imputation quality control, phasing, imputation, post-imputation quality control, population stratification analysis, and genome-wide association with statistical data analysis, including result visualization. Odyssey is a pipeline that integrates programs such as PLINK, SHAPEIT, Eagle, IMPUTE, Minimac, and several R packages, to create a seamless, easy-to-use, and modular workflow controlled via a single user-friendly configuration file. Odyssey was built with compatibility in mind, and thus utilizes the Singularity container solution, which can be run on Linux, MacOS, and Windows platforms. It is also easily scalable from a simple desktop to a High-Performance System (HPS). Conclusion: Odyssey facilitates efficient and fast genome-wide association analysis automation and can go from raw genetic data to genome: phenome association visualization and analyses results in 3–8 h on average, depending on the input data, choice of programs within the pipeline and available computer resources. Odyssey was built to be flexible, portable, compatible, scalable, and easy to setup. Biologists less familiar with programing can now work hands on with their own big data using this easy-to-use pipeline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Homeric thought the relationships among men and the monstrosity alterity is seen as a king of fight between beastliness and rationality. The dangers waiting for Odysseus and his companions in all these encounters is the death, not a beautiful death thought, but an ignominious end, since it means the oblivion. The only sources for the heroes to fight against it is the god's help and the use of their rationality or their cunning. The main aim of this paper is to draw a philosophical analysis of some of the Odysseus' encounters with the monstrosity in order to get a better understanding the relationship among humans and the neutral alterity. Thee Sirens, the Cyclopes or the Laestrigones belong to the radical otherness, the totally Other. Through the story of travel, the poet draws a dystopian world, completely away from human standards, where social norms are not respected, and the experiences of daily life are not enough to deal with the dangers that this border area presents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shelley's Swellfoot the Tyrant has recently begun to gain the concerted attention of critics, who have noted the play's signature blend of low and high, of ephemeral, late Regency politics with the classic genres of Sophoclean tragedy, Aristophanic comedy, and mock epic. But Austin Warren's famous and widely accepted definition of mock epic as "not mockery of the epic but elegantly affectionate homage, offered by a writer who finds [the serious epic] irrelevant to his age" does not describe Shelley's earnest goal of immediate political reform in authoring Swellfoot. Instead, the play evinces Shelley's unique, conscious reconfiguration of four conventions characteristic of the high, classical epic: the "prosperous breeze"; the epic simile; katabasis or descent into the underworld; and divine intervention. I argue that Shelley's comic adaptation of these epic conventions reflects his serious aim of helping effect reform through Swellfoot and embodies his absorption of the concept of Shakespeare's history plays as an experimental hybrid of dramatic forms with epic subjects, gained during his earlier reading of A. W. Schlegel's Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature. Though the immediate suppression of Swellfoot prevented its relevance in its own historical moment, it comprises a singular hybrid of Aristophanic satire and Sophoclean tragedy with high epic conventions, while ironically also identifying Shelley as a proponent of the French neoclassical theory of the epic's consciously didactic purpose propounded by Le Bossu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article details the North Carolina Museum of History's "North Carolina and World War I" (8 April 2017–6 January 2019) exhibition. It was not just about North Carolinians, nor was it a traditional museum presentation with artifacts in glass cases and didactic text. Oral histories were collected from veterans and linked to a visual experience with artifacts, film, and photography. Battlefield relic cases were embedded into recreated trench walls. Historical battlefield images were presented on large format screens, with areas where visitors were subjected to the sounds of shell fire and of a poison gas attack. At a critical point visitors went "over the top" directly toward a German machine gun position with staccato flash and sound of the gun when it opens fire on them. More than 500,00 visitors from across the U.S. and Europe attended one the most comprehensive exhibits of WW I ever created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarises recurring elements of contemporary pilgrimage narratives related to South Asia and their role in neo-colonial 'globalisation.' While sacred sites are visited by both local and international pilgrims, their recreation as story cannot be regarded as innocent, interwoven as it is in historical domination and appropriation. The paper focuses on two contemporary narratives that draw on the motif of odyssey. It explores, in part, the increasing role of social media and technology in the most recent incarnations of the paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contributions to Oriental Philology / Prilozi za Orijentalnu Filologiju is the property of Orijentalni institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay explores the death of Odysseus in the Telegony and the Odyssey through the diction of agnoēsis (nonrecognition) and anagnōrisis (recognition). Agnoēsis is a motif in the stories of both Telegonus and the death of Odysseus, allowing the Odyssey 's presentation of agnoēsis to reference the Telegony tradition. Moreover, the deadly consequences of agnoēsis are inimical to the Odyssey 's vision of Odysseus's kleos , and Odysseus's death in the Telegony results in an alternative vision of his immortality. Examination of these contrasts between traditions sheds light on how the Odyssey negotiated dissonant elements from the Telegony tradition to enhance its own meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic is the burial of the corpse of Odysseus at Aeaea in the Telegony. I argue that in the Cyclic epic the corpse is buried at an Aeaea localized in Italy. The prophecy of Tiresias in Odyssey 11 may allude to some version of the Telegonus story, but the Homeric epic largely discounts such epichoric legends about Odysseus. Correspondences and differences between the Odyssey and the Telegony result from independent self-positioning within traditional Odyssean myth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Odyssey ends with a battle between Odysseus's household and the suitors' relatives. This article first defamiliarizes the presence and course of the battle by reviewing relevant mythographic and folkloristic comparanda. It then argues that the battle makes two important contributions to the return of the Odyssey 's Odysseus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The journey of Paris from Sparta to Troy and the journey of Menelaus from Troy to Sparta are narrative doublets that feature in the Epic Cycle. Both men follow a typical and historical pattern of mobility between Greece and the Levant before reaching their destination. These similarities constitute a proleptic doublet, where Paris's journey is a less elaborate iteration of a story pattern that appears again in the nostos of Menelaus. In our known epics, the doublets appear near the beginning of the Cypria and at the very end of the Nostoi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his last novel, Un homme de passage (2011), Serge Doubrovsky evokes the main points of his life in seven parts which lead him from New York to Paris. Meditation on the many eras and areas crossed by a declining man, the novel is built on two antithetical modes of return. The first, literal and spatial, is triggered by his retrement which forces him to go back to his Parisian home. The second, temporal, is a resurgence of his past throughout reminiscences that thwart the linearity of his trip. This double movement creates a dialectic between fiction and history. While his journey back to his native land is staged like an Odyssey, it also constitutes a tragic backwards path for the narrator who associates the fatal issue of his final trip to the fate of the Jews during the Holocaust, from which he had barely escaped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Myrtia is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ischemic heart disease and stroke are the leading causes of death in the world currently. Both of these conditions are primarily caused by atherosclerosis, the underlying pathophysiology of which is the deposition of lipid, specifically low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) within the arterial bed. PCSK9, is a proteolytic enzyme, which indirectly increases LDL-C levels by causing the destruction of LDL receptors, the main way that humans regulate their serum LDL-C levels. Inhibitors of PCSK9 in conjunction with statins have allowed achievement of very low LDL-C levels. This review will provide an in-depth efficacy and safety review of alirocumab, a monoclonal antibody inhibitor of PCSK9, including the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the role that St. Francis of Assisi played in the life and writings of Józef Wittlin whose works complement each other and constitute a coherent and consistent body of thought that clearly presents the Franciscan concepts of fraternitas and minoritas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is intrinsically plausible that the Odyssey , which freely uses realistic details of many aspects of life on and beside the sea, was informed by real seafaring experience. This paper corroborates that hypothesis. The first part catalogues parallels between details of Odyssean and real-world seafaring. Odyssean type-scenes in particular echo real practice. The second part argues that three larger episodes have real-world parallels—the visit to the Lotos Eaters anticipates incidents of sailors deserting in friendly ports; the escape from Skylla and Charybdis demonstrates a safe course through a turbulent strait, and the encounter with Ino / Leukothea foreshadows the contemporary phenomenon of a sensed presence during a crisis. The pattern of coincidence between the Odyssey and the real world of seafaring constitutes a cumulative argument that suggests that those episodes in particular, and the poem as a whole, was informed by that world—a conclusion with consequences both for our understanding of the poem, and for our knowledge of the early Mediterranean maritime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores Homer's paideia, which is considered to have established the foundation of the educational principles that still govern European culture today. The historical and educational dimension of the survey is enhanced by the attempt to continually illuminate the research in terms of the origins, motives and meanings of the spirit of Western education and here finds a precise specialization in the determination to identify and evaluate those aspects linked to the formative stages of man and understand more fully the complex traumas of the human and educational realities of today. Thus, after highlighting the traces of weakness in the theoretical and rational approach of Western education through the education of the hero of the Iliad, the investigation focuses on the Odyssey's paideia, in which, as the representation of an alternative educational approach to the logic of pure reason and human perfection, are explored the signs of a new consciousness that has developed on the margins of the history of civilisation revealing more anthropological than postmodernist features [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]