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Abstract Reactions of octahedral and tetrahedral chalcocyanide cluster complexes of Re with Cu2+ cations and 1,2S,3S,4-tetraaminobutane (Threo-tab) were used to synthesize and study the structures of the following six novel chiral complexes: [{Cu2(NH3)(Threo-tab)3}Re6S8(CN)6] · 3H2O (I) (where Threo is 1,2S,3S,4-tetraaminobutane), [{Cu2(NH3)(Threo-tab)3}Re6Se8(CN)6] · 2H2O (II), [{Cu(Threo-tab)}2Re6Te8(CN)6] · 13.5H2O (III), [{Cu(Threo-tab)}2Re4Te4(CN)12] · 6.5H2O (IV), [{Cu2(NH3)(Threo-tab)2}Re4Te4(CN)12] · 4H2O (V), and [{Cu(NH3)(Threo-tab)}]2[Re4S3.4Te0.6(CN)12] · 1.25H2O (VI). The structures of complexes I–IV contain extended channels of sufficiently large size capable of including “guest” molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Three new cyano-bridged compounds, viz., [{Cu(en)}{Cu(NH3)(en)}Re4Se4(CN)12]·{5H2O (1), [{Cu(dien)}2Re4Te4(CN)12]·9H2O (2), and [{Cu(trien)}2Re4Se4(CN)12]··5H2O (3), were synthesized by the reactions of the tetrahedral rhenium chalcocyanide cluster complexes K4[Re4Q4(CN)12] ((Q = Se or Te) with copper(II) cations in aqueous solutions containing ethylenediamine (en), diethylenetriamine (dien), or triethylenetetraamine (trien), respectively. Complex 1 has a ladder-tubular-like polymeric structure, in which two infinite chains are linked to each other by Re-CN-Cu bridges, compound 2 has a polymeric chain structure, and compound 3 has a molecular structure. The structures of all complexes were established by X-ray diffraction analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reactions of aqueous solutions of the tetranuclear chalcocyanide cluster anions [Re4Q4(CN)12]4–, where Q = S, Se, or Te, with an ammonia solution of copper(ii) chloride at room temperature afforded a series of polymeric cyano-bridged compounds [{Cu(NH3)3}2{Re4Q4(CN)12}]·nH2O (Q = S (1), Se (2)) and [{Cu(NH3)3}1.7{Cu(NH3)4}0.3Re4Te4(CN)12] (3) having chain structures. The structures of the compounds were established by X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural and have ordered structures. In structurally similar compound 3, the copper atoms are disordered over two positions in such a way that the structure contains the bridging {Cu(NH3)3} fragments along with the terminal {Cu(NH3)4} fragments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The effect of heavy metal ions can cause ionic stress in plants – the problem of significant interest among researchers. This study was dedicated to the evaluation of genetically modified regenerated soybean lines obtained on nutrient media with heavy metal ions as a mutagenic factor. Materials and methods. Genetically modified regenerated soybean lines were tested at the Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory and Soybean Breeding Laboratory, Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaika, and at the Agricultural Product Processing Laboratory, All-Russian Research Institute of Soybean. Object of the study. Fifteen regenerated soybean lines and source cultivars (‘Primorskaya 13’, ‘Primorskaya 301’, ‘Primorskaya 81’, and ‘Hodson’) served as the research material. Results. Soybean accessions promising for further breeding were selected on the basis of their useful agronomic traits, grain quality, and resistance to fungal diseases. Accessions R 1490 (0.41 kg/m2) and R 1606 (0.38 kg/m2) were identified for having the highest yield in the experiment. Accessions R 1568 (1000 seed weight was 200.0 g) and R 1609 (190.2 g) had the largest seeds. Accessions R 1584, R 1568 and R 1606 manifested complex resistance to fungal diseases under natural conditions, while accession R 1490 was the most resistant under artificial infection pressure. The experiment resulted in selecting a group of lines regenerated from cv. ‘Hodson’ with high content of protein, histidine, valine, methionine, and cysteine. Accessions R 1605 and R 1609 demonstrated the highest oil content. The study revealed changes in the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids С18:2/С18:1 in all regenerant groups.

Background. The article presents the results of the studies carried out within the framework of a complex program for the long-term conservation of genotyped accessions of advanced potato cultivars in the cryobank of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). These accessions are genetically identical to the nomenclature standards of the corresponding cultivars.Materials and methods. The research material included 24 accessions from the in vitro collection of VIR, corresponding to the nomenclature standards of Russian potato cultivars developed in different breeding centers of the Russian Federation. Cryopreservation was carried out using the droplet vitrification method, several stages of which were modified in the Department of Biotechnology of VIR.Results and discussion. The frequency of post-cryogenic regeneration for the analyzed 24 cultivars in control variants with short-term immersion of explants in liquid nitrogen varied from 20 to 47.3%, and in 9 accessions it exceeded 39% – the current level of reliable long-term preservation of samples in cryobanks. The data of the statistical analysis failed to reveal a significant effect of the genotype or the calendar dates of different experiment replications on the regeneration ability. These 24 accessions were added to the potato cryocollection stored in the VIR cryobank. An analysis of the composition and structure of VIR’s potato cryocollection, which currently includes 140 accessions, is presented.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an established independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is caused by chronic pyelonephritis (CP). This study aimed to investigate the effect of the association of cardiovascular markers with the course of CP on the comorbidity of CP with ischemic heart disease. The study participants included 125 patients with CP without symptoms of urinary tract obstruction who were divided into three groups. The first group (n=45) consisted of patients with recurrent CP (CPr) three or more times per year. The second group (n=42) included patients with active phase pyelonephritis (CPa), with a frequency of two times or less per year, with concomitant pathology (stable coronary artery disease, functional class I - II), and the third group (n=38) included patients with an inactive phase of the disease (CPi), with a history of pyelonephritis of at least five years. The patients’ carotid artery augmentation index (AI %) and the change in the diameter of the brachial artery (D %) in CPi, CPa, and CPr groups were 8.44±1.76, 15.47±4.00, 11.71±1.70, 13.81±3.06, 12.75±2.55 and 6.54±3.27, respectively. The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) index in the three study groups was estimated to be 68.92±3.76, 64.76±2.75, and 66.28±3.45%, respectively. An analysis of the results showed the most significant changes in the parameters of the cardiovascular system in patients with a comorbid and relapsing course of CP. The results showed a significant increase in pulmonary artery diameter, EF, left ventricular pressure and volume, pulse wave velocity in the aorta, and vascular resistance index.

The article examines the features of the procedural figure of a witness and the specifics of witness testimony in Ancient Russia. The authors believe that the study should take place from the earliest stage of the formation and development of a particular legal phenomenon, despite the dissimilarity of the appearance of such norms with the legal provisions of national law in the current edition. In this case, the beginning of the study should actually take place from the beginning of the 10th century. The article states the lack of unity of opinion on the issue of differentiating the procedural figures of hearing and vidok, found in both the Brief and the Extensive "Russian Truth", and the presence of errors even in an encyclopedic publication of the academic level, where the purpose of giving them testimony and its reputation. Emphasizing the importance of the procedural figure of the hearing and citing different opinions of researchers about its procedural status, the authors propose to distinguish between the procedural figures of the hearing and the vidocq both by the method of obtaining the information of interest to the court, and by the nature of the information that they were required to report to the court. In conclusion, the following conclusion is made: the principle of saving linguistic means led to the fact that only one term remained in the language, the term "vidocq" by the XV-XVI centuries was practically lost, and the message absorbed both meanings into its semantics, and the institution of obedience, gradually evolving , by the Moscow period of the development of legislation, which also absorbed elements of Old Russian law, turned into an institution of witnessing, and a witness could only be an eyewitness.

Cryopreservation of shoot-tips (apexes) excised from in vitro plants is used for long-term preservation of potato cultivars. The most widely used method for creating potato cryo-collections is droplet-vitrification of shoot-tips which, together with its numerous modifications, is widely used in genebanks. A modified protocol of droplet vitrification method is used at VIR for cryopreservation of shoot tips from in vitro potato plants. This paper presents the results of cryopreservation of modern cultivars which were released by seven Russian breeding centers. In vitro clones used in the cryopreservation experiments were genetically identical to the cultivars’ nomenclatural standards and herbarium vouchers.The frequency of post-thaw regeneration in control experiments after short-term cryopreservation varied from 23.3 to 53.3%, depending on the genotype. Five out of 16 accessions (‘Varâg’, ‘Gusar’, ‘Evpatij’, ‘Solnečnyj’, ‘Tango’)* had low post-cryogenic regenerative capacity from 20 to 30%; the regeneration rate exceeded 30% in 11 accessions, and 8 cultivars (‘Grand’, ‘Zlatka’, ‘Lina’, ‘Safo’, ‘Siverskij’, ‘Signal’, ‘Utro’, ‘Ûna’) and ‘Аlyj Parus’ breeding clone had regeneration rate above 40%. The regeneration rate in the studied subset was genotype independent according to the ANOVA results (p=0.711). Viability and regeneration rate were significantly correlated (r=0.86). As a result of the experiments, explants of 14 modern cultivars and two breeding clones with the known post-thaw regeneration rate were successfully cryopreserved in the VIR cryobank. Four cultivars (‘Grand’, ‘Gusar’, ‘Signal’, ‘Utro’) were monitored for their regeneration capacity after the long-term (seven months) preservation in the VIR cryobank. On an average, these four cultivars demonstrated a post-thaw regeneration capacity of 41.8%. It can be concluded that the use of the modified method of droplet vitrification is relevant for increasing the VIR potato cryo-collection.

The purpose of research is to estimate disease incidence for chronic myeloid leukemia in the Altay Region. Material and methods. The absolute morbidity rate of chronic myeloid leukemia in the Altai Region (primary disease incidence), as well as the intensive morbidity rate (per 100000 adults of population) have been investigated since 2014 to 2016. The Federal State Statistics Service data on population base was used as a basis for the intensive rate estimation. Epidemiological retrospective study was conducted by means of analyzing medical files of patients with primary case definition of chronic myeloid leukemia in the Altai Region. Results and discussion. Primary disease incidence for chronic myeloid leukemia in the Altai Region from 2014 to 2016 made up 20–24 patients per year. The number of primarily detected cases of CML varied from 1.02 to 1.24 per 100 000 adult population annually. The frequency of CML disease detection in urban population figured up to 60 % of the total number of the patients, however the statistically significant differences in intensive rate were not revealed. Male:female ratio corresponded to 49.3 : 50.7 % respectively. The peak of CML disease incidence in the Altai Region accounted for the age of 50-59 years. Median age of patients with primarily defined CML without considering gender was 52 years, whereas median age in women ranged rather higher than in men: 54.3 years old and 49.6 years, respectively. Conclusion. Primary disease incidence for chronic myeloid leukemia in the Altai Region amounts to 1.14 : 100 000 of adult population per year. The disease equally affects men and women. No difference in case incidence has been observed in the urban and rural population, in spite of the territorial peculiarity of the Altai Region (third place in the Russian Federation for rural population numbers; a great number of small population villages, relying mainly on general medical services).

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of ART regimens that included different doses of the drug 6НР with the reception of QD, in comparison with the scheme of ART, containing, PhAZT, to select the daily dose 6НР in conducting phase III clinical trials.Patients and methods. 125 patients were randomized to 25 people in 4 groups, depending on the daily dose of the drug 6НР (600, 800, 1000, 1200 mg), and in the comparison group (phosphazide). For a daily dose of the drug 6НР the study was blind. All patients, in addition to the studied drugs were receiving 3TC and EFV. The effectiveness of ART regimens was assessed by the proportion of patients with HIV RNA

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of ART regimens, which included TDF or PhAZT, in patients with HIV infection who had not received treatment previously. Patients. The study included 85 adult patients with HIV infection. Group 1 consisted of 60 patients who received TDF/FTC + EFV. The second group included 25 patients who received PhAZT + 3TC + EFV. The study was not randomized, comparative, patient groups were similar in terms of the main indicators. The efficacy and safety of the treatment was assessed during the first 24 weeks of therapy. Results. After 24 weeks of therapy, 74,5% of patients in Group 1 and 87,5% of patients in Group 2 had less than 50 copies/ml of HIV RNA (MITT analysis). The increase in the median CD4 + lymphocytes after 24 weeks of treatment was 143 and 135 cells/μl, respectively. Most of the AE (including all AE that caused change or cancellation of the treatment regimen) were associated with the use of EFV. In 22,4% of patients receiving TDF, transient proteinuria was noted, and in 17,2% – deviation of blood creatinine level deviation of mild severity. The safest drugs included PhAZT, FTC and 3TC. The most frequent AE associated with the use of PhAZT, there was a slight decrease in hemoglobin and red blood cell count. Conclusion. The study conducted in the conditions close to real clinical practice showed that both first-line ART regimens, including TDF or Phosphazide in addition to 3TC (FTC) and EFV antiretroviral drugs, were highly effective and safe during the first 24 weeks of treatment. PhAZT is a drug of choice in the schemes of ART of the first line in the presence of contraindications to the prescription of TDF and/or ABC.

The article describes the observation of a child with a very rare combination of noncompact left ventricular myocardium and coronary dilatation in type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1). The first of these complications, undifferentiated cardiomyopathy, also known as noncompact myocardium, is not described in combination with nF 1 in available literature, although cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in patients with NF 1 have been previously reported. Dilatation of the coronary arteries also refers to infrequent manifestations of vascular pathology against the background of neurofibromatosis, and the combination of all three signs (NF 1, noncompact myocardium and coronary dilatation) has not yet been reported by other authors. When examining the patient, we found the characteristic signs of NF 1 (foci of "coffee" pigmentation on the skin, multiple nevuses, fibroids of the forearm, cognitive disorders), electrocardiogram features of left ventricular hypertrophy, negative T-tooth and ST-segment displacement 1 mm below the isoline in Leads V4-6, in echocardiography - pronounced trabecularity, thinning of the compact myocardium layer and a "spongy myocardium" in the region of the left ventricle apex, dilatation of the coronary arteries. With magnetic resonance imaging, signs of noncompact myocardium of the left ventricle were found, with selective coronary angiography - slowing of the coronary blood flow. The patient receives the permanent treatment for heart failure and aspirin, his condition remains stable for 4 years of follow-up

The clinical cases of rare, genetically heterogeneous cardiomyopathy are described - the left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy for four children (three boys and one girl) in age from two months to 6 years. Description of echocardiography signs is presented in accordance with modern diagnostic criteria. Noncompaction of the left ventricle is recognized in three patients, of the left and right ventricle - in one. In three patients out of four, LVNC was a separate disease, and yet in one it was associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, in combination with dilatation of coronary arteries and pericardial effusion. Three of four patients were admitted with congestive heart failure (CHF) of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class 3-4 (FC), and one - with CHF 2 FC. The echocardiograms are brought with description of characteristic features of LVNC (hypertrabecularity, spongy myocardium on the apex of the left ventricle, typical correlation of incompact and compact layer from 2.0 to 2.6). All four patients received treatment for CHF (diuretics, beta-blockers, captopril, in one case - digoxin); two out of four got antithrombotic therapy (aspirin, warfarin). Results of follow-up observation of the patients are described with the estimation of echocardiography signs, including dilatation of coronary arteries. Left ventricular ejection fraction - both by Simpson and Teicholz - increased in two patients, with therapy of chronic heart failure at a follow-up visits over > 5 years simultaneously with the decline of severity of CHF. Another two patients have been examined from 2 months to 5 years and have had CHF 3 FC; their left ventricular ejection fraction increased too, but cardiomegaly and right ventricular heart failure preserved.

AIM: To detect the most important clinical symptoms suggesting pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and to determine the diagnostic value of the scales used to estimate the likelihood of its occurrence. Materials and methods. The prospective study included 130 patients admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of PTE and a referral for a surgery clinic. Scores of the likelihood of PTE were estimated using the Canada and Geneva scales in all the patients on admission/RESULTS: In all the patients with suspected PTE, the Canadian and revised Geneva scores averaged 4.2±0.48 and 6.21±0.5, respectively. These scores correspond to the intermediate clinical probability of PTE. In 96 patients whose diagnosis was verified by instrumental studies, the Canadian and Geneva scores were 4.41±0.57 and 6.17±0.63, respectively, which was also consistent with the intermediate clinical probability of PTE. In 34 patients, whose diagnosis of PTE was ruled out, the average scores did not virtually differ from those in the patients with the verified diagnosis and were 6.14±1.3 and 4.18±0.87, respectively. The area under characteristic curve for the Canadian scale was 0.428 and that for the Geneva scale was 0.512. With the use of a two-level interpretation system, a total of more than 6 Canadian scores and 10 Geneva scores suggested that there was a high probability of PTE/CONCLUSION: The investigation indicated the low value of integral systems for estimating the likelihood of PTE in the total population of patients with this disease. The authors recommend the two-level interpretation system, in which a total of more than 6 Canadian scores and 10 Geneva scores were identified with a high probability (up to 80%) of PTE.