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The COVID‐19 pandemic is both a health and an economic crisis. Economically, lockdowns across Australia have devastated business and industry, creating immediate spikes in under‐ and unemployment. These impacts intersect with the precarious labour market of casualised and "gig" economy work, where young workers constitute an established and substantial group. While negatively impacting upon many young people's lives, in recent decades precarious employment has also been normalised for young people as they are encouraged to understand themselves as self‐reliant and entrepreneurial in their working lives. Yet, these workers have been largely abandoned in the government's economic response to COVID‐19. The economic impact and government response to the pandemic substantially disadvantage young people. This article analyses the impact of new government initiatives: the "JobKeeper" wage subsidy scheme, "JobSeeker" payments and early access to superannuation, "JobMaker" economic recovery plan and the redesign of university fees. These initiatives compound preexisting youth policy of low welfare levels, youth wages and high university fees to economically burden young people. Contrasting the repeated expression of anything pandemic related as "unprecedented", we argue that the economic abandonment of young people in the immediate COVID‐19 crisis continues a decades‐long precedent in Australia of economically disadvantaging young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trauma associated with resettling in a new country is considerable for young people who have experienced (forced) migration. The loss of place and loss of connection with family and friends is significant. Resettlement in unfamiliar, suburban and rural places can accentuate this sense of loss. In Australia, the difficulty of this challenge is amplified by nationalistic discourses of Australian identity and citizenship, which construct and preserve a particularly British notion of 'Australian-ness'. This article explores the relationship between place and displacement and problematises the development and use of nationalistic identities as a spatial management method for creating social division and exacerbating the impacts of displacement, particularly for young people resettling in a new environment following (forced) migration. Building on this we suggest that theorisations of space, place and belonging offer new opportunities for social work education to enhance students' understanding of displacement and social work practice, particularly in relation to young peoples' experiences of (forced) migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we analyze the individualizing discourses of markets, consumers and choice, in relation to the marketization of care services in an Australian context. As many have highlighted, critical social work practice and education are increasingly marginalized. Institutions and organizations have become focused on producing social work graduates who can adapt to a neoliberalised environment, rather than critically engage with service users and communities to challenge structural inequality. We suggest that creative modalities, coupled with critical reflection and critical sociology in curriculum, offer a means through which students, educators, and service users can challenge reductionist, individualizing and limiting discourses, and enable stronger understanding of the lived experience of marginalized people and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of the carrier dynamics in nanostructures is of fundamental importance for the development of (opto)electronic devices. This is true for semiconducting nanostructures as well as for plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs). Indeed, improvement of photocatalytic efficiencies by combining semiconductor and plasmonic nanostructures is one of the reasons why their ultrafast dynamics are intensively studied. In this work, we will review our activity on ultrafast spectroscopy in nanostructures carried out in the recently established EuroFEL Support Laboratory. We have investigated the dynamical plasmonic responses of metal NPs both in solution and in 2D and 3D arrays on surfaces, with particular attention being paid to the effects of the NP shape and to the conversion of absorbed light into heat on a nano-localized scale. We will summarize the results obtained on the carrier dynamics in nanostructured perovskites with emphasis on the hot-carrier dynamics and in semiconductor nanosystems such as ZnSe and Si nanowires, with particular attention to the band-gap bleaching dynamics. Subsequently, the study of semiconductor-metal NP hybrids, such as CeO2-Ag NPs, ZnSe-Ag NPs and ZnSe-Au NPs, allows the discussion of interaction mechanisms such as charge carrier transfer and Förster interaction. Finally, we assess an alternative method for the sensitization of wide band gap semiconductors to visible light by discussing the relationship between the carrier dynamics of TiO2 NPs and V-doped TiO2 NPs and their catalytic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A re-analysis of the Huggins and Hartley bands in the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of O[sub 3] is presented in which the structure in both bands is assigned to vibrational progressions in the symmetric stretching mode ν[sub 1] and the bending mode ν[sub 2] but not the asymmetric stretching mode ν[sub 3]. The present improved fit of a larger range of bands results in relatively large anharmonicity terms, whereas previous assignments have relied on the motion being largely harmonic in the upper state. From a consideration of the shape of single surface required to support both sets of vibrational data, it is concluded that the Huggins bands almost certainly terminate on the 2 [sup 1]A[sub 1] state rather than the 1 [sup 1]B[sub 2] state. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combination of flash pyrolysis and molecular beam mass spectrometric techniques is employed to explain the mechanisms related to the thermal decomposition of azidoacetone. The presence of five distinct thermal channels in the process is demonstrated.

Reports on the kinetic energy analysis of oxygen fragments produced by photolysis of ozone in the Huggins bands using a delayed pulsed field extraction time-of-flight technique. Velocity profile of oxygen produced by photolysis; Change of photolysis from resonance with a vibrionic band of ozone to an off-resonance wavelength.

With the addition of nitrogen (N), agricultural soils are the main anthropogenic source of N2O, but high spatial and temporal variabilities make N2O emissions difficult to characterize at the field scale. This study used flux‐gradient measurements to continuously monitor N2O emissions at two agricultural fields under different management regimes in the inland Pacific Northwest of Washington State, USA. Automated 16‐chamber arrays were also deployed at each site; chamber monitoring results aided the interpretation of the flux gradient results. The cumulative emissions over the six‐month (1 April–30 September) monitoring period were 2.4 ± 0.7 and 2.1 ± 2 kg N2O‐N/ha at the no‐till and conventional till sites, respectively. At both sites, maximum N2O emissions occurred following the first rainfall event after N fertilization, and both sites had monthlong emission pulses. The no‐till site had a larger N2O emission factor than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 1 emission factor of 1% of the N input, while the conventional‐till site's emission factor was close to 1% of the N input. However, these emission factors are likely conservative. We estimate that the global warming potential of the N2O emissions at these sites is larger than that of the no‐till conversion carbon uptake. We recommend the use of chambers to investigate spatiotemporal controls as a complementary method to micrometeorological monitoring, especially in systems with high variability. Continued monitoring coupled with the use of models is necessary to investigate how changing management and environmental conditions will affect N2O emissions. Plain Language Summary: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone depleting substance that is emitted by soils. Agricultural soils tend to emit more N2O than natural soils due to the addition of nitrogen fertilizers. N2O emissions are not well understood on the scale of individual farms, as emissions are difficult to measure at this resolution because they are irregular over time and space. This variability is due to the dependence of N2O production and emission on soil properties, that is, moisture, nitrogen, and the microbiome. In this study we monitored N2O emissions from two agricultural fields under different tillage regimes using two complementary methods: the flux‐gradient technique and automated chambers. The flux‐gradient technique measures N2O emissions at the field scale, which is relevant to agronomic management. Using both techniques together improves confidence in our results, which give us information on total N2O emissions from these fields, as well as the relationships between N2O emissions and rainfall, temperature, and carbon dioxide respiration. Key Points: Total emissions from 1 April to 30 September 2015 were 2.4 ± 0.7 and 2.1 ± 0.2 kg N2O‐N/ha at the no‐ and conventional‐till sites, respectivelyN2O fluxes had similar responses to temperature and precipitation at both sitesHigh spatial variability at both sites (CVs > 140%) limited the ability of the chamber systems to characterize field‐scale N2O emissions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]