Search

Your search keyword '"O'Hare, Paul"' showing total 122 results
Start Over Author "O'Hare, Paul"
122 results on '"O'Hare, Paul"'

117. An Evaluation of the Community Land Model (Version 3.5) and Noah Land Surface Models for Temperature and Precipitation Over Nebraska (Central Great Plains): Implications for Agriculture in Simulations of Future Climate Change and Adaptation

Author

Okalebo, Jane A., Oglesby, Robert J., Feng, Song, Hubbard, Kenneth, Kilic, Ayse, Hayes, Michael, Hays, Cynthia, Leal Filho, Walter, Series editor, Musa, Haruna, editor, Cavan, Gina, editor, O'Hare, Paul, editor, and Seixas, Julia, editor

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

119. Circadian rhythmicity of salivary leptin in healthy subjects

Author

Randeva, Harpal S., Karteris, Emmanouil, Lewandowski, Krzysztof C., Sailesh, Sankaranarayanan, O’Hare, Paul, and Hillhouse, Edward W.

Subjects
*LEPTIN, *CIRCADIAN rhythms
Abstract

In humans, circulating leptin correlates with body weight and fat mass. The main source of leptin is adipose tissue although placenta has been shown to produce leptin. More recently leptin and its receptor have been found in gastric mucosa and salivary gland. In the present study, we set to confirm the presence of leptin in human saliva and salivary gland, and if present, investigate whether salivary leptin exhibited circadian rhythmicity. Saliva and plasma were collected at 2 h intervals for 24 h in 12 healthy volunteers (6 females; 6 males). As previously described in human saliva and salivary gland, we have confirmed the presence of leptin at both mRNA and protein level. Leptin concentrations were significantly higher in plasma than saliva (p=0.002), and a strong correlation between salivary and plasma leptin was demonstrated (r=0.76; p<0.001). Salivary leptin, like plasma leptin, showed circadian variations in both men and women, with a peak around 2400 h and a nadir at 1000 h. Both, mean 24-h salivary leptin and plasma leptin concentrations were significantly higher in women than men (p<0.05; p<0.01, respectively), but the ratios of salivary and plasma leptin concentrations were higher in men (p<0.05), independent of other variables measured. In this study we have confirmed that leptin is synthesised and secreted by the human salivary gland, and have demonstrated for the first time that salivary leptin shows circadian variation. The precise role of salivary leptin needs to be elucidated. Our findings suggest that there may be differential regulation of leptin (salivary) between men and women. Finally, measurement of leptin in saliva is a simple, non-invasive and may be an acceptable alternative to plasma sampling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

121. Climate Change and Human Security in a Regulatory Multilevel and Multidisciplinary Dimension: The Case of the Arctic Environmental Ocean

Author

Sandra Cassotta, Kamrul Hossain, Michael Evan Goodsite, Jingzheng Ren, Filho, Walter Leal, Musa, Haruna, Gavan, Gina, O'Hare, Paul, and Seixas, Julia

Subjects
050502 law, Environmental security, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Maritime boundary, Adaptive capacity, Corporate governance, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, International law, Arctic, Environmental science, Environmental planning, Human security, 0505 law
Abstract

Climate change determines the retreat of ice. This has created a huge access to petroleum, attracting strong interest by some states, especially energy hungry-countries and increasing competition between states, resulting in tension and threats, even military ones. Climate change has, therefore, to be perceived as a threat to international peace and security. However, recognition of the nexus between climate change, human security and conflicts in the prism of international law and politics is weak, leading to a difficulty institutions have for regulating and governing this nexus. Climate change can thus be considered as threat-multiplier, something that can exacerbate existing tensions, and the resolution of this threat will be the most difficult task to achieve where adaptation takes place in fragile and vulnerable areas, such as the Arctic, an area which is highly exposed to environmental risks and uncertainty. The region is populated by one of the most vulnerable groups, the indigenous people, such as the Inuit of the Arctic with low adaptive capacity compared to the pace of change. In the Arctic Environmental Ocean governance, access to natural resources, the potential of navigability, extension of maritime borders, and the desire of some states to extend their jurisdiction, all depict a situation of criss-crossing potential conflicts that could escalate and should, therefore, be perceived as “tinderboxes”. This article relatedly explores the existing legal framework in the case of the Arctic environmental ocean to provide effective and legitimate governance for a peaceful and “stable space” to prevent threats from both Arctic and non-Arctic states. It will be shown that Arctic Environmental Ocean activities need multi-level governance (global, regional, national and local) and that Arctic environmental security challenges cannot be addressed without a broader holistic vision. The article treat the United Nations regulatory level and how it could support many issues which have an impact on Arctic Environmental Ocean governance, and the Law on the Sea. Methodologically, the way to increase effectiveness to maintain and stabilize the Arctic environmental ocean governance entails that “stability” is achieved by integrating elements of climatology, international law, political science and agent based modelling to act in a preventative way to protect the Arctic environmental ocean and its societies and formulate effective policies. The conclusion led on how the current Arctic environmental ocean framework could be changed in order to increase effectiveness by incorporating risk analysis into a universal equation based model to redesign a new regulatory package at United Nations level and recommend changes at institutional level.

Published
2016

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results