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Contains fulltext : 29930.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Item does not contain fulltext, We have used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to analyse the permeation properties and ionic block of the epithelial Ca2+ channel ECaC heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Cells dialysed with 10 mM BAPTA and exposed to Ca2+-containing, monovalent cation-free solutions displayed large inwardly rectifying currents. Their reversal potential depended on the extracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]o. The slope of the relationship between reversal potential and [Ca2+]o on a logarithmic scale was 21 +/- 4 mV, compared with 29 mV as predicted by the Nernst equation (n = 3-5 cells). Currents in mixtures of Ca2+ and Na+ or Ca2+ and Ba2+ showed anomalous mole fraction behaviour. We have described the current-concentration plot for Ca2+ and Na+ by a kinetic permeation model, i.e. the "step" model. Extracellular Mg2+ blocked both divalent and monovalent currents with an IC50 of 62 +/- 9 microM(n = 4) in Ca2+-free conditions and 328 +/- 50 microM (n = 4-9) in 100 microM Ca2+ solutions. Mono- and divalent currents through ECaCs were blocked by gadolinium, lanthanum and cadmium, with a blocking order of Cd2+ >> Gd3+ > La3+. We conclude that the permeation of monovalent and divalent cations through ECaCs shows similarities with L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, the main differences being a higher Ca2+ affinity and a significantly higher current density in micromolar Ca2+ concentrations in the case of ECaCs.

Item does not contain fulltext, We investigated the effect of extracellular pH on whole-cell currents through the epithelial Ca2+ channel, ECaC, expressed in HEK 293 cells. Both mono- and divalent current densities were significantly smaller at pH 6.0 than at pH 7.4. At pH 8.5 they were slightly larger. Lowering extracellular pH enhanced the slow component of monovalent current activation at negative potentials but had no significant effect on the kinetics of Ca2+ currents. The kinetics of block of monovalent cation current by extracellular Mg2+ was significantly changed at high and low pH. The time constant of the time- and voltage-dependent current component during a voltage step to -140 mV was significantly larger at pH 8.5 than at pH 7.4. At pH 6.0 it was almost absent. The [Mg2+] inhibiting 50% of monovalent current through ECaC at pH 6.0 (IC50) was 323 +/- 23 microM (n = 8), compared with 62 +/- 9 microM (n = 4) at pH 7.4 and 38 +/- 4 microM (n = 8) at pH 8.5. The affinity of ECaC for Ca2+ was also affected by extracellular pH, shifting from 4.8 +/- 0.7 microM (n = 6) at pH 6.0 to 161 +/- 30 nM (n = 5) at pH 7.4 and 425 +/- 117 nM (n = 8) at pH 8.5.

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Volumeninduzierte Chloridströme wurden bereits in einer Reihe von Zelltypen charakterisiert. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Modulation volumenaktivierte Chloridströme ICl,Vol und der Signalweg zu ihrer Aktivierung untersucht. In Endothelzellen aus der Pulmonalarterie des Rindes (CPAE) wurden der Membranstrom unter Anwendung der 'patch clamp' - Technik und simultan dazu die Konzentration des freien intrazellulären Kalziums [Ca2+]i gemessen. Bisher wurde davon ausgegangen, daß die Aktivierung von ICl,Vol kalziumunabhängig erfolgt. In dieser Arbeit wurde ICl,Vol unter Pufferung des [Ca2+]i mit BAPTA und EGTA gemessen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß freies intrazelluläres Kalzium in Konzentrationen niedriger als 50 nM zur Stromaktivierung notwendig ist. Bei einer höheren Konzentration verliert der Strom jedoch seine Kalziumabhängigkeit. Chromoglycinsäure (CL) blockiert ICl,Vol in Endothelzellen. Dieser Effekt ist jedoch im Vergleich zu dem klassischen Chloridkanalblocker NPPB geringer (Ki=15mM) und sehr langsam (im Mittel 100 s). Damit sind die blockierenden Eigenschaften auch geringer ausgeprägt als z.B. auf ICl,Vol und Hemmung der Serotoninsekretion in Mastzellen. Weiterhin war die Rolle von durch Proteinphosphorylierung modulierten intrazellulären Signalwegen bei der Aktivierung von ICl,Vol Gegenstand von Experimenten. Weder die Aktivierung der Proteinkinase C (PKC) durch direkte Applikation des Phorbolesters PMA noch deren Ab - Regulation durch 24-stündige Inkubation mit PMA hatten Einfluß auf die Aktivierung von ICl,Vol. Auch Wortmannin, ein Inhibitor sowohl der MAP - Kinasen (und damit des Tyrosinkinase - assoziierten Rezeptor - Signalweges) als auch der PI3 - Kinase, zeigte keinen Effekt auf ICl,Vol. Der Aktivator der MAP - Kinasen und der fokalen Adhaesionskinase p125FAK, die Substanz Lysophosphatsäure (LPA), zeigte weder einen Effekt auf ICl,Vol, noch konnte damit ein Chloridstrom induziert werden. Die Induktion von HSP durch Applizierung von thermischem und chemisc, Volume-induced chlorid currents are characterised for many types of cells. I have investigated the modulation and activation of these currents. In cultered pulmonary artery endothelial cells (CPAE) patch clamp maesurements of membrane currents and simultaneous maesurements of free intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) were performed. Until now, activation of ICl,Vol was characterised as Calcium-independently. I maesured the current buffering [Ca2+]i with the Calcium chelators BAPTA and EGTA. It could be observed, that [Ca2+]i at concentrations less than 50 nM is required to activate ICl,Vol. At higher concentrations, there is no modulation by [Ca2+]i. Sodiumchromoglycate (CL) blocks ICl,Vol in endothelium cells. This effect is small (Ki=15mM) and slow (100 s) as compared of those of the classical chlorid channel blocker NPPB. Inhibitory effects of CL to ICl,Vol in endothelial cells are weaker than to ICl,Vol and to secretion of serotonin in mast cells. The role of intracellular phosphorylation signal pathways on activation of ICl,Vol was investigated. Neither activation of protein kinase C (PKC) throught direct application of the phorbol ester PMA nor down-regulation through preincubation with PMA had any effect on activation of ICl,Vol. Also Wortmannin, an inhibitor of MAP-kinases, failed to have significant effects on I

Patch clamp; Ca2+- and voltagedependence; regulatory volume decrease; tamoxifen; niflumic acid; Mg2+