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The aim of this paper was to examine the influence of the electrostatic field on seeds of soybean (Glycine max L), vetch (Vicia spp. L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) which were selected at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The DC voltage of 9V was used. The durations of seed treatment were 0 (control), 1, 2 and 3 minutes. The trial was set up as a randomized block design with four replications. 4x100 seeds of each variant and control (untreated seed) were treated. After treatment, seed quality was examined using a germination test (optimal temperature) and a cold test (low temperature). The results of the study showed that the effect of the electrostatic field on seed quality depended on the plant species, the time of seed treatment and the temperature conditions in which the seed germinated after treatment. The increase in germination energy ranged up to 18.18% in vetch, and a decrease of up to 12% was observed in chickpea. The application of the electrostatic field had a significantly greater impact on seeds that were exposed to low temperatures in the germination process after treatment. The increase in seed germination ranged up to 82.35% in chickpeas, and the decrease amounted to 92.68% in peas. In addition, the obtained results indicate that it is not possible to talk about the universal application of a certain duration of seed treatment., Cilj rada je bio ispitivanje uticaja elektrostatičkog polja na seme soje (Glycine max L.), grahorice (Vicia spp. L.), graška (Pisum sativum L.), sastrice (Lathyrus sativus L.) i nauta (Cicer arietinum L.) koji su selekcionisani na Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Za tretiranje je korišćen jednosmerni napon jačine 9 V. Vreme tretiranja semena iznosilo je 0 (kontrola), 1, 2 i 3 minuta. Nakon tretiranja, ispitan je kvalitet semena primenom standardnog testa klijavosti (optimalna temperatura) i hladnog testa (niska temperatura). Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je efekat elektrostatičkog polja na kvalitet semena zavisio od biljne vrste, vremena tretiranja semena i temperaturnih uslova u kojima je seme klijalo nakon tretiranja. Povećanje energije klijanja se kretalo do 18,18% kod grahorice, a smanjenje do 12% kod nauta. Značajno veći uticaj primena elektrostatičkog polja imala je na semenu koje je posle tretiranja izloženo niskoj temperaturi u procesu klijanja. Povećanje klijavosti semena se kretalo do 82,35% kod nauta, a smanjenje do 92,68% kod graška. Takođe, dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da se ne može govoriti o univerzalnoj primeni određenog vremena tretiranja, jer se može dogoditi da ono ne odgovara određenoj biljnoj vrsti, pa može doći do pogoršanja kvaliteta semena.

Proizvodnja soje u uslovima pandemije Covid-19 virusa u svetu i u Srbiji nije zabeležila smanjenje površina u poslednje dve godine, što nam govori da se poljoprivredna proizvodnja odvija i u uslovima restriktivnih mera. Prinosi soje prvenstveno zavise od klimatskih uslova u godini proizvodnje u određenom regionu, a pandemija Covid-19 nema značajan uticaj na visinu prinosa. Cena soje beleži rekorde u 2021. godini, što se delom može obrazložiti slabijom proizvodnjom usled nepovoljnih klimatskih uslova proizvodnje, većom potražnjom i psihološkim delovanjem pandemije Covid-19., Soybean production in the conditions of the Covid 19 virus pandemic in the world and in Serbia has not noticed a decrease in areas in the last two years, which tells us that agricultural production is taking place even in the conditions of restrictive measures.Soybean yields primarily depend on climatic conditions in the year of production and a particular region, and the Covid 19 pandemic has no significant impact on yield levels. Soybean prices are recording the highest value in 2021,which can be partially explained by weaker production due to unfavourable climatic conditions of production, higher demand and the psychological impact of the Covid 19 pandemic.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an important oilseed crop belonging to the family Asteraceae. A total of 46 safflower samples were collected from Srbobran locality (South Bačka District) in Serbia in 2015 and analysed for the presence of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), and lettuce mosaic virus (LMV), using commercial double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA kits. Both viruses, CMV and AMV, were detected serologically in the collected samples. None of the analysed samples was found to be positive for LMV. The presence of CMV was further confirmed by mechanical transmission to test the plants including Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Nicotiana glutinosa, and Datura stramonium as well as C. tinctorius, confirming the infectious nature of the disease. Molecular detection of CMV was performed by amplification of a 871 bp fragment in all the tested samples, using the specific primers CMVCPfwd/CMVCPrev that amplify the entire coat protein (CP) gene and part of 3'and 5'-UTRs of CMV RNA 3. The RT-PCR products derived from the isolates 290Saff and 294Saff were sequenced (MH577791 and MH577792, respectively) and compared with the CMV sequences available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis based on CP gene sequences showed clustering of the selected isolates into three subgroups: IA, IB and II. Serbian CMV isolates found in safflower belong to subgroup II. To our knowledge, this is the first report on CMV infection of safflower in Serbia, which has the potential to cause substantial damage to safflower production and pose a threat to other economic crops grown in Serbia., Šafranika (Carthamus tinctorius L.) predstavlja jednu od važnih uljanih kultura koja pripada familiji Asteraceae. Tokom 2015. godine, prikupljeno je 46 uzoraka biljaka šafranike poreklom iz Srbobrana koji su serološki testirani na prisustvo virusa mozaika krastavca (cucumber mosaic virus, CMV), virusa mozaika lucerke (alfalfa mosaic virus, AMV) i virusa mozaika salate (lettuce mosaic virus, LMV) korišćenjem komercijalnih kitova za DAS-ELISA test. U prikupljenim uzorcima dokazano je prisustvo CMV i AMV, dok prisustvo LMV nije dokazano ni u jednom od testiranih uzoraka. Prisustvo CMV je dalje potvrđeno mehaničkim inokulacijama test biljaka Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Nicotianaglutinosa i Datura stramonium kao i na C. tinctorius, čime je potvrđena infektivna priroda oboljenja. Molekularna detekcija CMV obavljena je amplifikacijom fragmenta dužine 871 bp kod svih ispitivanih izolata korišćenjem specifičnih prajmera CMVCPfwd/CMVCPrev koji omogućavaju umnožavanje celog CP gena kao i delove 5' i 3' UTR. U cilju dalje identifikacije, RT-PCR produkti izolata 290Saff i 294Saff su sekvencionisani (MH577791 i MH577792) i upoređeni sa CMV sekvencama dostupnim u GenBank bazi podataka. Filogenetska analiza na osnovu sekvence CP gena pokazala je grupisanje odabranih izolata u tri podgrupe, IA, IB i II. Izolati CMV iz šafranike poreklom iz Srbije grupisali su se u podgrupu II. Prema našim saznanjima, ovo je prvi izveštaj o prisustvu CMV na biljkama šafranike u Srbiji koji može da nanese veliku štetu u proizvodnji ove biljne vrste, a takođe predstavlja pretnju drugim ekonomski značajnim gajenim biljnim vrstama u Srbiji.

Good crop establishment is essential for achieving high yield and constraints to good establishment include untimely sowing and low seed quality combined with various adverse growing conditions after sowing. Seed priming is a pre-sowing technique used for the improvement of germination, reduction of the time from sowing to emergence and improvement of emergence uniformity. Various seed priming techniques, such as hydropriming and priming with zinc, are used nowadays to improve crop establishment. The importance of seed priming with zinc for better germination, improved stand establishment, and higher maize yield are well documented. However, there is still a lack of results on the effects of seed priming with water and zinc on seed quality and viability, given that maize seed can be kept in storage for many years without a significant reduction in germination. The study was aimed to evaluate the effects of seed priming with water and Zn on the quality and viability of the maize seed. In order to evaluate the response of four maize hybrids to priming with water (hydropriming) and 4 mM zinc sulphate, primed seeds were subjected to laboratory tests, namely to the germination test, the cold test, and the accelerated aging test. Both priming treatments increased the seed quality, but the beneficial effect of Zn-priming maintained to a larger extent than hydropriming in cold-treated and aged seeds. The negative effects of hydropriming on the viability o f the aged seed of hybrid NS 4023 imply a possible limitation to deferred sowing of primed maize seed., U današnje vreme, različite tehnike prajminga semena, kao što su hidroprajming i prajming semena cinkom, koriste se u cilju poboljšanja useva. Značaj tehnika prajminga u postizanju bolje klijavosti semena, poboljšanju useva i postizanju visokog prinosa kukuruza dobro je dokumentovana. Međutim, još uvek nedostaju rezultati o uticaju prajminga semena vodom i cinkom na kvalitet i životnu sposobnost semena, s obzirom da se seme kukuruza može čuvati u skladištu duži niz godina bez značajnog smanjenja klijavosti. Ovo istraživanje je sprovedeno sa ciljem da se ispita uticaj prajminga semena vodom i cinkom na kvalitet i životnu sposobnost semena kukuruza. Za procenu odgovora četiri hibrida kukuruza na prajming semena vodom i 4mM rastvorom cink-sulfata, seme je nakon prajminga podvrgnuto laboratorijskim testovima, testu klijavosti, hladnom testu i testu ubrzanog starenja. Oba tretmana prajminga semena su uticala na povećanje kvaliteta semena kukuruza, ali blagotvorni efekat prajminga semena cinkom se ispoljio u većem stepenu od hidroprajminga u stresnim uslovima hladnog testa i testa ubrzanog starenja. Negativni efekti hidroprajminga na životnu sposobnost semena hibrida NS 4023 ukazuju na moguće ograničenje za odloženu setvu semena kukuruza nakon prajminga.

Drought is one of the most important factors limiting the successful production of cultivated plants. One of the most sensitive stage to the water deficit in plants is seed germination. There are various methods of pre-sowing treatments that aim to reduce the negative impact of drought stress and improve seed germination. One of them is priming seeds. The aim of this experiment was to examine the effect of priming seeds in solutions - KNO3 (1%), ascorbic acid - AsA (100 mgl-1) and potassium chloride KCl (1%) on the reduction of the negative effect of drought stress. The effect of drought stress was simulated using different concentrations of PEG 6000 (0 (control), -0.30, -0.51, -0.80 MPa). The results of the research showed that with the increase of water deficiency, the effect of priming seeds is greater. At the water potential of the solution of -0.30 MPa, germination energy and seed germination increased on average by 6.77% and 5.08%, while at the water potential of the solution of -0.80 MPa, the increase was 19.28% and 16.75%, respectively. Also, priming seeds significantly reduced the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the content of free proline. From all the above, it can be concluded that priming of seeds is a method that can serve to improve the germination of soybean seeds in conditions of drought stress., Suša je jedan od najvažnijih faktora koji ograničava uspešnu proizvodnju kulturnih biljaka. Jedna od najosetljivijih faza na nedostatak vode kod biljaka je klijanje semena. Postoje razne metode odnosno predsetveni tretmani koj imaju cilj da smanje negativan uticaj nedostatka vode i poboljšaju klijanje semena. Jedan od njih je potapanje semena. Cilj ovog eksperimenta bio je da se ispita uticaj potapanja semena u rastvore - KNO3 (1%), askorbinsku kiselinu - AsA (100mgl-1) i kalijum hlorid KCl (1%) na smanjenje negativnog uticaja suše. Dejstvo suše simulirano je primenom različitih koncentracija PEG-a 6000 (0 (kontrola), -0,30, -0,51, -0,80 MPa). Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je sa povećanjem nedostatka vode efekat potapanja semena veći. Pri vodnom potencijalu rastvora od -0,30 MPa enerija klijanja i klijavost semena povećani su, u proseku, za 6,77% odnosno 5,08% dok je pri vodnom potencijalu rastvora od - 0,80 MPa povećanje iznosilo 19,28% odnosno 16,75%. Takođe, potapanje semena značajno je smanjilo intenzitet lipidne peroksiacije i sadržaj slobodnog prolina. Iz svega navedenog može se zaključiti da je potapanje semena metod koji može da poboljša klijanje semena soje u uslovima suše.

The aim of this study is to assess DNA degradation, DNA amplification, and GMO quantity during tofu production. Soybean seeds were spiked with Roundup Ready (R) soybeans (RRS) at 0.9, 2, 3 and 5 % (by mass), to assess the level of RSS that would be of practical interest for threshold labelling. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was more effective than conventional PCR in the analysis of raw soymilk, okara, boiled soymilk and tofu. The negative effect of grinding and mechanical manipulation was obvious in the okara sample prepared with 3 and 5 % RRS, where GMO content was reduced to (2.28 +/- 0.23) and (2.74 +/- 0.26) %, respectively. However, heating at 100 degrees C for 10 min did not cause significant degradation of DNA in all samples. The content of RRS in the final product, tofu, was reduced tenfold during processing, ranging from 0.07 to 0.46 %, which was below the labelling threshold level. The results are discussed in terms of global harmonization of GMO standards, which could have the positive effect on the trade of lightly processed foodstuffs such as tofu, especially regarding the labelling policies.

In 2018, a total of 58 mustard samples from two different localities in Serbia (Rimski Šančevi and Senta) were collected and tested for the presence of Turnip yellow virus (TuYV), Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) by DAS-ELTSA. TuYV was serologically detected in 42 tested samples while all collected samples were negative for CaMV and TuMV. By using aphid transmission tests, five test plants were inoculated with two ELTSApositive TuYV samples of naturally infected mustard plants. Virus species identification was performed by amplification of a 780 bp fragment in all tested samples using the specific primers TuYVorf0F/TuYVorf0R. The RTPCR products from two isolates 88Sal (MK144816) and 98Bni (MK144817) were sequenced and compared with the GenBank sequences of TuYV. Serbian isolates showed the highest identity with Poland TuYV isolate (EU022489). Phylogenetic analysis showed that TuYV isolates from Serbia were clustered with other TuYV sequences retrieved from the GenBank., Tokom 2018. godine, sa dva lokaliteta gajenja slačice, ukupno je sakupljeno 58 uzoraka koji su serološki testirani na prisustvo Turnip yellow virus (TuYV), Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) i Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) korišćenjem komercijalno dostupnih kitova za DAS-ELISA test. Prisustvo TuYV serološki je dokazano u 42 sakupljena uzorka slačice, dok prisustvo CaMV i TuMV nije dokazano ni u jednom od testiranih uzoraka. Za dalja istraživanja odabrana su dva izolata TuYV prirodno zaraženih biljaka slačice, koji su uspešno preneti vašima na pet različitih test biljaka, čime je potvrđena infektivna priroda oboljenja. Molekularna detekcija obavljena je amplifikacijom fragmenta dužine 780 bp kod četiri ispitivana izolata korišćenjem specifičnih prajmera TuYVorf0F i TuYVorfOR. RT-PCR produkti izolata 88Sal i 98Bni su sekvencirani (MK144816 i MK144817) i upoređeni sa TuYV sekvencama dostupnim u GenBank bazi podataka. Izolati iz Srbije su pokazali najviši stepen nukleotidne sličnosti od 98,9% i 99% (100% aminokiselinska sličnost) sa izolatom TuYV Br iz Poljske (EU022489). Filogenetska analiza pokazala je grupisanje TuYV izolata iz Srbije zajedno sa ostalim TuYV izolatima iz GenBank baze podataka.

In this dissertation the performance of wireless relay signal transmission in the presence of general types of interference is considered, as well as the possibility of improving the performance in the observed environment using the techniques of combining combinations. It has been studied to reduce the influence of various types of interference, such as co-channel interference, fast fading, and shadow effect on relay signal transmission through wireless communication channels. A special emphasis is placed on the study of general models of fading, which as special cases contain other simplicity of fading models. The achieved performance improvement of the system is considered in the function of the parameters of the observed systems for which the optimal values are determined. In order to improve the performance of the wireless signal transmission system in the presence of various types of interruptions, new methods of combining diversion techniques in the relay and on the receiving side. During the application of the diversification of combining techniques, there has been a significant improvement in the performance of the wireless relay signal transmission, and hence the lower probability of failure of the system.

In this doctoral dissertation, the diversity techniques are considered in order to reduce the influence of fading on the system performances in different propagation environments. The second chapter considers the selective combining (SC) and the maximal ratio combining (MRC) with two and three inputs. SC and MRC receivers with two inputs are considered when Nakagami-m fading is at the first input while α-μ fading is at the second input. Then, an SC receiver with three inputs is considered when Nakagamim, Rice and Rayleigh fading are presented. As a special case, SC and MRC receivers with three inputs with Rice, Nakagami-m and α-μ fading are considered. The SC performance of the two-input receivers is considered in the case of the Nakagami-m fading and Nakagami-m interference at one input, while at the second input are the Rice fading and Rice interference, as well as the case when a desired Rice signal and Nakagami-m interference are presented. For these models the probability density function (PDF), cumulative density function (CDF), moments, level crossing rate (LCR) and the information capacity of the channel at the output from the SC and MRC receivers are calculated, the numerical results are graphically presented and confirmed by simulations. In the third chapter, the significant contribution of the doctoral dissertation is the formation of the broken Nakagami-m distribution and the analysis of the broken Nakagami-m fading. An SC receiver with two and three inputs with broken Nakagami-m fading is examined. The dissertation also examines the case of the SC two-way receivers where there is a broken Rice/Nakagami-m fading. For such cases, expressions for PDF, CDF and LCR are derived. In the fourth chapter, the macrodiversity system is analyzed. The macrodiversity SC receiver with two micro-diversity SC receivers, when α-μ fading is present at the inputs and the correlated Gamma shadowing, as well as the case when Rayleigh, Nakagami-m fading and the correlated Gamm

Symptoms of cloves rot of A. ampeloprasum were noticed during 2018 in storage conditions. 16 isolates were obtained (AMP1-AMP16) and according to morphological and cultural characteristics they belong to F. proliferatum (sex. stage Gibberella intermedia), species of Gibberella fujikuroi complex. To confirm morphological identification, total genomic DNA was extracted from mycelium of the 16 isolates by amplification of TEF-1a gene, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that was performed with the primer pair EF1 and EF2. Results presented in this article clearly indicated that the new host of Fusarium proliferatum as the causal agent of cloves rot is "elephant garlic" Allium ampeloprasum. Pathogenicity test was confirmed on Allium ampeloprasum cloves. Pathogenicity assays revealed that all isolates caused symptoms on tested Allium spp., like naturally infected cloves., Simptomi truleži uskladištenih čenova belog luka na vrsti poznatoj kao "elephant garlic" (A. ampeloprasum) zapaženi su tokom 2018. godine. Prikupljen je veliki broj zaraženih uzoraka i nakon izolacije odabrano je 16 izolata (AMP1-AMP16) za dalja istraživanja. Na osnovu morfoloških i odgajivačkih karakteristika je ustanovljeno da je prouzrokovač truleži čenova gljiva F. proliferatum (telemorf Gibberella intermedia), koja pripada kompleksu Gibberella fujikuroi. Proučavanjem patogenosti svi izolati su prouzrokovali simptome truleži na različitim vrstama roda Allium spp. koji su identični prirodnoj infekciji. U cilju potvrde morfoloških odlika izvršena je molekularna identifikacija metodom lančane reakcije polimeraze (PCR) korišćenjem para prajmera EF1 i EF2 koji amplifikuju TEF-1a gen, sekvencioniranje DNK i filogenetska analiza dobijenih sekvenci. Dobijeni rezultati potvrdili su da je Fusarium proliferatum prouzrokovač truleži na vrsti A. ampeloprasum kao novom domaćinu.

Salinity affects almost every aspect of the physiology and biochemistry of plants, including the whole plant and at the cellular level. There is a significant variation in salt tolerance within vetch species, providing opportunities for improving salt-stress tolerance using genetic resources. Considering the significance of successful seed germination and seedling emergence for further plant establishment, plant development and achieving high crop yields, the study of the interaction between salt stress and germination is of great importance. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the seed vigour of vetch species (Vicia sativa, V. pannonica), through vigour tests under saline conditions. Germination and vigour were assessed through the standard test, accelerated ageing test and cold test, estimating the germination percentage, root and shoot length, and total fresh and dry matter accumulation, under three levels of salt stress (100 mM, 150 mM,200 mM NaCl). The obtained results of the experiment showed significant differences between the two species in response to salinity stress. Furthermore, a species that has a higher vigour has shown noticeably higher tolerance to stress. After the accelerated ageing test, V pannonica showed significantly lower values in all the tested parameters, at all concentrations of NaCl.

A study was designed to examine the effects of NaCl, high temperature, high relative humidity and storage on the germination of Brassica napus seeds, both when freshly harvested and after natural and accelerated ageing. After exposure to a combination of stressful conditions, the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the seeds, seedling shoot and roots, and seed germination were measured. A significant decline in germination at all concentrations of NaCl indicates that seeds which have been exposed to accelerated ageing are significantly less able to resist even the lowest levels of salt stress. Moreover, the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the seeds and seedlings examined after a year of storage in uncontrolled conditions was higher compared with tests carried out in the year of seed production.

The most critical aspect of plant survival and reproduction is seed germination. Considering the specificity of the Cannabis sativa production, obtaining high-quality hemp seed is not an easy task. Germination testing is often the most reliable way of assessing viability, but the selection of appropriate methods is complex. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different conditions (i.e. various methods of germination testing) on the successful process of hemp seed germination, achieving maximum germination potential. Our results showed that C. sativa seeds germinated well in different methods, such as between filter papers, top of filter papers and sand, but there were significant differences between the applied methods. This means that the hemp seeds may have different requirements for germination than conditions covered by the Rules recommended methods. Further, the results show that hemp seed may have certain residual dormancy that needs to be investigated in detail., Najkritičnija faza preživljavanja i razmnožavanja biljaka je klijanje semena. S obzirom na specifičnost proizvodnje industrijske konoplje (Cannabis sativa), dobijanje visokokvalitetnog semena konoplje nije jednostavno. Ispitivanje klijavosti je često najpouzdaniji način procene vitalnosti, ali je odabir odgovarajućih metoda složen. Ovo istraživanje je sprovedeno kako bi se procenio efekat različitih uslova tj. različitih metoda testiranja klijavosti, na proces klijanja semena konoplje uz postizanje maksimalnog potencijala za klijanje. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da seme C. sativa dobro klija primenom različitih metoda (između filter papira, na filter papiru, pesak), ali postoje značajne razlike između primenjenih metoda. Ovo praktično znači da seme konoplje može imati zahteve za klijavost različite od onih koje su obuhvaćene preporučenim metodama. Takođe, rezultati pokazuju da kod semena konoplje možda postoji neki vid zaostale dormantnosti što je potrebno dodatno istražiti.

During the past few years, symptoms of garlic clove rot have appeared in storage facilities at different localities in Serbia. Thirteen fungal isolates were isolated from samples of decayed garlic cloves (Allium sativum L.). Based on the colony and fungal morphology, isolated fungi were tentatively identified as F. proliferatum. Pathogenicity of 13 F. proliferatum strains were confirmed by inoculating garlic cloves of Allium sativum (spring cv. Labud, Sedef; winter cv. Bosut, Ranko) and Allium ampeloprasum (cv. Biser). Isolate JBL532 was classified as the most aggressive, while isolate B3 was the least pathogenic. To confirm morphological identification of 13 Fusarium isolates, amplification of TEF-1α gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the primer pair: EF1 and EF2. All isolates were cryopreserved at -80°C and deposited in the NCBI GenBank., Tokom proteklih godina u skladištima na različitim lokalitetima u Srbiji pojavili su se simptomi truleži i popadanja belog luka (Allium sativum L.). Izolacijom je dobijeno 13 izolata gljiva roda Fusarium koji su na osnovu morfoloških karakteristika identifikovani kao F. proliferatum. Patogenost izolata je potvrđena inokulacijom različitih genotipova belog luka Allium sativum (prolećne sorte Labud, Sedef, jesenje sorte Bosut, Ranko) i Allium ampeloprasum (sorta Biser). Na osnovu ocene patogenosti, izolat JBL532 se izdvojio kao najagresivniji, dok se izolat B3 pokazao kao najmanje patogen. Morfološka identifikacija potvrđena je amplifikacijom TEF-1α gena, korišćenjem prajmera EF1 i EF2. Svi izolati se čuvaju na -80°C i deponovani su u NCBI bazu gde su im dodeljeni jedinstveni pristupni brojevi.

A two-year investigation (2009-2010) of the presence and distribution of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) viruses in Serbia revealed that viruses occur each year in open-field production. Disease incidence, as estimated by the number of symptomatic plants in the field, highly varied depending on the year and sampling locality. Disease incidence ranged from 20% to 60%. Four viruses: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), of which PVY was predominant, were detected by serological testing of pepper samples collected from many localities in Serbia. Molecular detection of PVY was performed based on amplification of a 975 bp fragment in all tested samples, using the specific primers PVYc/PVYd that amplify the gene for P1 protein. The RT-PCR products derived from the four isolates (PL-28-09, PL-15-09, PL-3-10, PL-108-10) of PVY were sequenced (KC288142, KC288143, KC288144, and KC288144, respectively) and compared with the PVY sequences available in GenBank. Sequence analysis, conducted with MEGA5 software, revealed 99.8-100% nt identity among the four Serbian PVY isolates from pepper. The sequences of PVY isolates from Serbia share the highest nucleotide and amino acid identity with isolates from Slovenia, Croatia, Germany, and tobbaco isolate from Serbia. All of the four Serbian isolates were clustered in sub-group N-1 with other European isolates of necrotic strains., Dvogodišnjim poučavanjima (2009-2010) prisustva i rasprostranjenosti virusa u usevu paprike u Srbiji utvrđeno je da se virusi javljaju svake godine u proizvodnji paprike na otvorenom polju. Intenzitet zaraze bio je različit i kretao se od 20% do 60%, u zavisnosti od ispitivane godine i lokaliteta gajenja paprike. Serološkim testiranjem uzoraka paprike prikupljenih u više lokaliteta u Srbiji, tokom 2009 i 2010. godine detektovani su Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), pri čemu je PVY bio dominantan. Specifičnim prajmerima PVYc/PVYd uz upotrebu RT-PCR metode umnožen je deo genoma od oko 975 bp koji kodira P1 protein. Amplifikovani fragmenti su sekvencirani i prijavljeni u GenBank bazu podataka, gde su im dodeljeni pristupni brojevi PL-28-09 (KC288142), PL-15-09 (KC288143), PL-3-10 (KC288144), PL-108-10 (KC288144). Proračunom genetičke sličnosti sekvenci izolata dobijenih u ovom radu utvrđen je visok stepen nukleotidne sličnosti, koji se kretao od 99,8-100%. Ispitivane sekvence PVY izolata iz Srbije dele najveću nukleotidnu i aminokiselinsku sličnost sa izolatima iz Slovenije, Hrvatske, Nemačke i izolatom duvana iz Srbije. Svi ispitivani izolati sa paprike poreklom iz Srbije grupisani su u subklaster nekrotičnih izolata poreklom iz Evrope.

Clove rot caused by Fusarium spp. is a very important disease of common garlic (Allium sativum L.) occuring in many areas of the world. However, there is a lack of data about biocontrol of these pathogens. Bacillus species are attractive for research due to their potential use in the biological control of fungal diseases. The aim of this study was to select effective biocontrol agents from a series of indigenous Bacillus spp. isolated from soil. Bacterial isolates positive for hydrolytic enzymes production were screened for antifungal activity against Fusarium spp. isolated from infected garlic cloves. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were used for molecular identification of bacterial (16S rDNA gene) and fungal (EF-1 alpha gene) isolates, and detection of biosynthetic genes for antimicrobial lipopeptides (surfactin, iturin, bacillomycin D and fengycin) in Bacillus spp. The obtained results confirmed the presence of Fusarium tricinctum, F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae, F. proliferatum, F. acuminatum and F. verticillioides as the causal agents of garlic clove rot. Four bacterial isolates identified as Bacillus subtilis exhibited the highest antagonistic effect during in vitro testing of antifungal activity (up to 71% reduction in fungal growth), and caused a significant suppression of garlic clove infection (up to 58% reduction in rot symptoms) in situ. Analysis of the antifungal compounds involved in the antagonistic activity of the examined isolates revealed their ability to produce the antibiotic lipopeptide surfactin. The most effective isolates of B. subtilis could be used as potential biocontrol agents of garlic clove rot.

Drought greatly affects normal plant growth, endangering physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Under the influence of unfavorable environmental conditions, antioxidant protection systems in plant cell can be activated regardless of the stage of growth and development of plants. The experiment was conducted on three vetches species (V. sativa, V. villosa and V. pannonica) under PEG-induced drought stress. Activity of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APx, EC 1.11.1.1) and catalase (CAT, EC 1. 11. 1. 6), was determined in shoots and roots of 10-day-old seedlings. Lack of water during germination period activated all the examined antioxidant enzymes in both organs of all tested Vicia species. The activity of SOD and APx generally increased at higher stress levels, while the enzyme CAT showed different patterns of action in all tested species. The results of this study suggest that drought stress causes the production of oxygen radicals that lead to oxidative stress in plants., Suša značajno utiče na normalan rast i razvoj biljaka ugrožavajući fiziološke i biohemijske procese. U nepovoljnim uslovima spoljašnje sredine, antioksidantni sistemi zaštite u biljnim ćelijama mogu se aktivirati bez obzira na fazu rasta i razvoja biljaka. Ovaj eksperiment je sproveden na tri vrste grahorica (V. sativa, V. villosa i V. pannonica) u uslovima suše indukovane PEG-om. Aktivnost antioksidantnih enzima superoksid dismutase (SOD), askorbat peroksidaze (APx) i katalaze (CAT) merena je u nadzemnom delu i korenu ponika starim deset dana. Nedovoljna količina vode u početnim fazama rasta aktivirala je sve ispitivane antioksidativne enzime u nadzemnom delu i u korenu ponika svih ispitivanih vrsta roda Vicia. Aktivnost SOD i APx se povećala na višim nivoima stresa, dok su se kod enzima katalaza uočili različiti obrasci delovanja u svim testiranim vrstama. Rezultati ovog eksperimenta ukazuju na povećanu produkciju radikala kiseonika u sušnim uslovima koji dovode do oksidativnog stresa u biljkama.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is considered to be one of the oldest crops in the world. During 2016, infected garlic bulbs occurred in storages on several localities of the Province of Vojvodina. Symptomatic cloves showed typical rot symptoms such as softened and spongy areas covered with white fungal growth with deep lesions formed on the cloves which became dry over time. A total of 36 isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from diseased cloves of garlic. Colony morphology and microscopic properties of isolated Fusarium species were recorded from the cultures grown on PDA and CLA, respectively. Identification of two chosen isolates was performed by sequencing the EF-1α gene. The TEF sequence of isolate JBL12 showed 100% similarity with several F. tricinctum sequences and sequence of JBL539 showed 99% identity with several F. acuminatum sequences and they were deposited in the NCBI GenBank. Based on the results of the morphological and molecular identification, isolates JBL12 and JBL539 were identified as F. tricinctum and F. acuminatum, respectively, as new causal agents of garlic bulbs rot in Serbia. Specific primers were designed for the PCR identification of the F. tricinctum., Beli luk (Allium sativum L.) smatra se jednom od najstarijih biljnih vrsta na svetu. Tokom 2016. godine, zapažena je pojava truleži belog luka u skladištima i magacinima na nekoliko lokaliteta u Vojvodini. Simptomi su se ispoljavali u vidu lezija, truleži belog luka kao i pojavom micelije na inficiranim čenovima. Cilj rada bio je izolacija i identifikacija Fusarium spp. na osnovu morfoloških i molekularnih karakteristika patogena. Izolacijom je dobijeno 36 izolata Fusarium spp. Detekcija i identifikacija odabranih izolata potvrđena je metodom PCR korišćenjem prajmera EF1 i EF2 koji amplifikuju proizvode veličine 700bp. U svim proučavanim izolatima formirani su amplikoni veličine 700bp. Izolacija DNK dva odabrana izolata izvršena je direktno iz micelije gljive (~100 mg), korišćenjem DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Identifikacija izolata JBL539 i JBL12 izvršena je sekvenciranjem EF-1α gena , koji su deponovani u NCBI bazu podataka pod brojem KX611146 (F. tricinctum) i KX752419 (F. acuminatum). Kreirani su specifični prajmeri za PCR identifikaciju vrste F. tricinctum.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops in Serbia, where it is grown on an approximate surface of 20,000 ha. During the routine quality control analysis of onion seed in 2014, fungal infection was observed in an average of 28% of the seed. The objective of this paper was to isolate, determine, and identify Fusarium sp. based on the pathogen's morphological and molecular characteristics. Onion seed samples were collected from different localities in the region of Vojvodina. To obtain a DNA sequence-based identification, a total DNA of the 25 isolates was extracted directly from the mycelium (100 mg wet weight), with a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Following DNA extraction, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha region was amplified by PCR with the primer pair EF1 and EF2. An amplicon of 700 bp was amplified in 25 tested isolates. Identification of one isolate was performed by sequencing the translation elongation factor EF-1α gene, which was deposited in the NCBI GenBank database under accession number KP658211 (Fusarium sp. FIESC3)., Crni luk (Allium cepa L.) spada u najznačajnije povrtarske biljne vrste u Srbiji. Gaji se na površini od oko 20.000 hektara. Tokom rutinske kontrole kvaliteta semena crnog luka u 2014. godini, primećena je pojava Fusarium sp. u visokom procentu - od 28%. Cilj rada bio je izolacija i identifikacija Fusarium sp. na osnovu morfoloških i molekularnih karakteristika patogena. Uzorci semena luka sakupljeni su s različitih lokaliteta i iz velikog broja skladišta u Vojvodini. Nakon izolacije patogena odabrano je i morfološki okarakterisano 25 izolata Fusarium sp. Izolacija DNK izvršena je direktno iz micelija gljive (100 mg), korišćenjem Dneasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Amplifikacija DNK ciljanog gena (translation elongation factor EF-1α gene) obavljena je pomoću PCR korišćenjem para prajmera EF1 i EF2. U svim proučavanim izolatima formirani su amplikoni veličine 700 bp. Identifikacija jednog odabranog izolata izvršena je sekvenciranjem translacionog faktora EF-1α gena, koji je deponovan u NCBI bazu podataka pod brojem KP658211 (Fusarium sp. FIESC 3).

In this thesis characteristics of wireless communication system operating over η-μ fading channel are considered together with diversity reception techniques which reduce the influence of η-μ fading on the system’s outage probability, average bit error rate, channel capacity, level crossing rate and average fade duration. Performance improvement is very significant within radio systems operating into cell network configuration. Cell network configuration realization could be used for increasing capacity of wireless communication system. With the increase of number of cells, i.e. with reducing the surface area of each cell, channel capacity increases. With the increase of number of cells, co-channel interference level increase, which degrades system performance values. In this work the compromise between the system capacity and reception quality is inquired. By applying diversity reception techniques, system performance values, degraded by the influences of slow fading, multipath fading and co-channel interference, are improved, so it is possible to reduce the cell area and to increase system capacity. In the second part of Phd thesis, various distributions for modeling the envelope variations in fading channels have been presented, cases in which these models are used have been pointed out, and advantages and imperfections of corresponding models for corresponding propagation scenarios have been presented. In third chapter, statistical characteristics of the first order of η-μ random variable, α-η-μ random variable and squared η-μ random variable are considered. For each mentioned variables, expressions for probability density function, cumulative distributive function, characteristic function and moments have been derived. Also for each observed case sum of two random variables, product of two random variables, ratio of two random variables, maximal value of two random variables and minimum value of two random variables have been determined. Obtained results are us

In doctoral dissertation, first and second order system performances of wireless communication system in the presence of fading and interference are considered. Theoretically, four cases are taken into consideration, and obtained numerical results are graphically presented and analyzed. Firstly, wireless mobile communication system with the receiver that contains automatic frequency control (AFC) loop operating over fading channel in the presence of single interference is considered. Performance measures, such as average switching rate (ASR) and mean time lose of lock (MTTL), are defined. In this doctoral dissertation, ASR and MTTL, for three different fading channels: Kg, α-μ and k-μ are obtained. In the next chapter, wireless relay communication system with two sections in the presence of multipath fading is considered. Signal envelope at the input of the receiver can be expressed as product of the first section signal envelope and the second section signal envelope. For such system model, average level crossing rate (LCR) for the case when radio relay system of the first section operates over Nakagami-m fading environment and second section operates over k-μ fading environment is obtained. Wireless relay system with two sections in the presence of non-linear α-μ fading channel is than taken into consideration. Moreover, radio relay system with two sections in the presence of multipath fading and interference is also considered. LCR of the ratio of the product of two k-μ random processes and k-μ random process is calculated. Finally, LCR of the ratio of Rician random process and product of two Rician random processes is obtained. Wireless communication system with two inputs SSC diversity receiver operating over correlated multipath η-μ fading in the presence of interference is than considered. Joint probability density function and joint distribution cumulative function of the ratios of signal to interference at inputs of SSC receivers are calculated. By using ob

Don Kihot od Manče Migela de Servantesa smatra se najreprezentativnijim umetničkim ostvarenjem španske kulture, prvim modernim romanom svetske književnosti i jednim od paradigmatskih dela humorističke literature. Objavljen je 1605. i 1615. godine u Madridu, u baroknoj fazi španskog Zlatnog doba, i tokom minulih vekova predstavljao je predmet izuzetno velikog broja kritičkih tumačenja i stvaralačkih podražavanja u svim vrstama umetnosti. Dok saglasnost o vrednosti i o jedinstvenom istorijskom značaju Don Kihota predstavlja neupitnu premisu savremene nauke o književnosti, kritička recepcija ovog romana u novije doba (naročito u drugoj polovini XX i s početka XXI veka), obeležena je neuobičajeno visokom merom neslaganja o njegovim suštinskim značenjima. Slojevitost slika i sinkretičnost forme, prisustvo humora, ironije i aluzivnog govora u Servantesovom pripovedanju bili su najčešći povodi za polemike o karakteru ovog književnog ostvarenja i otežavali su prepoznavanje njegove središnje problematike; već i određivanje teme romana zavisilo je od odnosa tumača prema doslovnim i prenesenim značenjima teksta, odnosno, od razumevanja dubine ’ozbiljnosti’ Servantesovog humora i smisla njegove ironije. U ovom radu predstavićemo podsticaje za prepoznavanje Novog zaveta kao neočekivanog, ali mogućeg podteksta Don Kihota. Oslonićemo se na dosadašnje uvide kritičkih tokova servantistike u XX veku kojima je zajedničko polazište bila pretpostavka da slavna pripovest o pustolovinama ’ostvarenja pravde’ implicitno vodi dijalog sa hrišćanskim idejama o svetu. U jednom od tih tokova, opisivana je Servantesova srodnost sa Erazmom Roterdamskim, na osnovu stilsko-semantičkih dodira između Don Kihota i Pohvale ludosti; u drugačijem pristupu, Don Kihot je čitan kao pripovest koja je najintezivnije prožeta reminiscencijama na Sveto pismo, u odnosu na sva preostala Servantesova dela, mada je semantički status te činjenice različito interpretiran. Nastojaćemo da istražimo suptilne načine na koj, Don Quixote de La Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes has been considered to be the most representative literary achievement of Spanish Culture, as the first modern novel in the world literature and a work paradigmatic of burlesque literature. Released in 1605. and in 1615. in Madrid during the Baroque period of the Spanish Golden Age, it spearheaded a large number of critical interpretations and creative mimetic strategies. While the historical character of Don Quixote is undisputed, the critical reception of this novel in modern times (especially in the second half of the XX and the beginning of the XXI century) gave rise to considerable and long-standing controversies about its essential meaning. As a chief source of controversy, the multilayered imagery and syncretic forms, strong presence of humour, irony and allusive speech in Cervantes narrative, are often found obstructing the recognition of the novel’s most central issues. Even the manner this problem is posed was heavily dependent on the interpreter’s attitude to the literal and implied meanings of the text, that is, on his own ability to delve into the 'seriousness' Cervantes’ humor and targets of his irony. Our thesis is that burlesque as it appears at first blush, Don Quxiote does rely heavily on the text of the New Testament, which might present itself as an unexpected fact. As a point of departure, we take two lines of the 20th century Cervantes criticism, which commonly read the famous tale of adventures and 'implementation of justice' as an implicit dialogue with Christian worldviews. One line of criticism lays emphasis on Cervantes’ affinity with Erasmus and accordingly focuses on the stylistic and semantic contacts between Don Quixote and The Praise of Folly; another line reads Don Quixote as a narrative which is, regarding the overall body of Cervantes’s works, most strikingly permeated with biblical reminiscences. Admittedly, the semantic position of that contention is vulnerable to diverse interpreta

Дисертација даје детаљан увид у експлицитну и имплицитну заступљеност француске књижевности и културе у стваралаштву српских списатељица прве половине ХХ века с посебним освртом на текстове Јелене Димитријевић, Исидоре Секулић, Ксеније Атанасијевић и Јулке Хлапец Ђорђевић. У анализи текстова тих српских ауторки коришћене су новије методе и теорије из француске компаратистике као што су имагологија и теорија интертекстуалности, а дат је и кратак осврт на еволуцију компаративне књижевности у Француској у ХХ веку зарад кохерентнијег сагледавања предложених метода за тумачење. Циљеви дисертације су следећи: представити стваралаштво српских списатељица прве половине ХХ века у контексту француске књижевности и културе као и у контексту горепоменутих (пост)модерних књижевних теорија и метода; указати на домет и значај француског језика и књижевности код српских списатељица, преводитељица, публицисткиња, једном речју – кад жена стваралаца; показати како отворену, тако и прикривену интертекстуалну везу (експлицитну и имплицитну интертекстуалност) између српских ауторки прве половине ХХ века и француских аутора и ауторки, како савременика, тако и историјски удаљених стваралаца (читања на синхронијској и дијахронијској равни); указати на значај читања текстова српских ауторки за одржавање интеркултурног дијалога и афирмисање различитости. У том смислу, овом дисертацијом настојимо проучити и размотрити не само естетичку него филозофску и етичку основу текстова српских ауторки без које нема правилног разумевања алтеритета. Поред тога што посредством референтних текстова српских ауторки даје обухватнији и продубљенији поглед на традиционално добро развијен однос српске и француске књижевности, дисертација тиме уједно доприноси афирмацији и реафирмацији места српских ауторки у српском књижевном канону., The thesis gives a detailed view into the explicit and implicit presence of French literature and culture in the creative work of Serbian female writers of the first half of the twentieth century, with special research of the texts of Jelena Dimitrijević, Isidora Sekulić, Ksenija Aksentijević and Julka Hlapec Đorđević. In the text analisys of these Serbian female authors newer methods and theories from French comparative literature were used, such as imagology and theory of intertextuality, and a brief survey of the evolution of comparative literature studies in the twentieth century France was also given in order to provide a more coherent insight into suggested methods of interpretation. The objectives of this research are: to present the creative work of Serbian female writers of the first half od the twentieth century in the context of French literature and culture, as well as in the context of the already mentioned (post)modern literary theories and methods; to point out the range and significance of the French language and literature in the work of the selected female writers, translators, intellectuals, in one word – female literary authors; to identify the obvious, as well as the hidden intertextual connections (explicit and implicit intertextuality) between the Serbian female authors of the first half of the twentieth century and the French male and female authors, both contemporary and historically distant (readings in sinchronical and diachronical level); to call attention to the significance of reading texts of Serbian female authors for maintaining an intercultural dialogue and afirming diversity. With that in mind, in this thesis, we intend to examine and cosider not only the aesthetical but the ethical basis of Serbian female authorsʼ texts, without which there would be no proprer understanding of the alterity. Apart from the fact that the thesis gives a more comprehensive and more elaborate view on the traditionally well developed relationship betwee

This work considers the results obtained by testing the parameters of antioxidant status in leaves and roots of oilseed rape at different growth stages (phase I: formation of leaf rosettes and preparing for winter hibernation; phase II: after the winter hibernation; phase III: flowering) grown in semicontrolled field conditions on different soil types. The experiment was conducted on four oilseed rape genotypes (Banacanka, Jasna, Kata, and Zlatna) in semicontrolled conditions in containers with three soil types: chernozem, solonetz, and solonchak. The germination failed on solonchak due to the excessive amount of salt, but results were obtained for plant material on chernozem and solonetz. The following parameters were examined: superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, lipid peroxidation (LP) intensity, glutathione (GSH) content, and total antioxidant capacity (by ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP method). The activity of all the tested parameters of antioxidant status in all genotypes, both in leaves and roots, was higher in plants grown on solonetz soil compared to plants grown on chernozem. Furthermore, the activity of all the tested parameters on both soil types was highest in the second phase of testing, the stage after the winter hibernation, because the plants were exposed to low temperatures in addition to salt stress. The vital thing to note is that GPx activity is important for the defense at the initial stages of growth, while in the later growth stages SOD assumes this role. The genotype Banacanka has been distinguished as the most tolerant, while the genotype Zlatna was the most sensitive.

This work was aimed to investigate the effect of salt (NaCl) stress on three oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars: 'Banacanka', 'Jasna' and 'Kata'. The following parameters were determined: antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), reduced glutathione (GSH) quantity, lipid peroxidation (LP) intensity, radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH-RSC), hydroxyl radical scavenging ((OH)-O-center dot radicals) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Seed viability was determined using the standard laboratory test for germination as well as the seed accelerated aging test measuring the germination, shoot and root length. The plants were subjected to three salt treatments: 0, 100, 150 and 200 mmol dm(-3) NaCl for 7 days. All three cultivars responded with an increase of lipid peroxidation in seedlings and with a decrease of GPX activity. 'Banacanka' was found to be the most vulnerable cultivar, with an increase of 237% of LP intensity in comparison to the control at the highest NaCl concentration. The induction of the SOD activity was observed for all three cultivars by different NaCl concentrations. The antioxidant capacity measured by FRAP, DPPH-RSC and (OH)-O-center dot radicals was also induced, especially FRAP at the highest concentration in the cultivar 'Jasna' (by 282%). Germination, shoot and root length decreased for all investigated cultivars. Our results showed that cultivar 'Jasna' is the most adapted to salt stress because of the highest SOD activity and accumulation of antioxidants. Furthermore, this research suggests that some of the antioxidant parameters can be useful biochemical markers for the selection of oilseed rape tolerant cultivars under the conditions of salinity.

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains on the basis of molecular characteristics. From root nodules of different soybean cultivars were obtained 56 isolates, characterized according to morphological, cultural, and biochemical properties. Among these isolates, 33 isolates showing resemblance with Bradyrhizobium sp. were further subjected to molecular identification. Following DNA extraction, a partial 16S rDNA gene sequence from the isolates was amplified by PCR using universal primers fD1 (27F) and rP3 (1492R). Purification and sequencing of the amplified fragments were done in the biotechnology company Macrogen, Seoul, South Korea. Sequences were analyzed using the program FinchTV and BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) and compared to sequences in GenBank and the Bradyrhizobium ID-database for identification. Comparison of the sequences with the Bradyrhizobium ID- database showed that all tested isolates were identified as Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Each isolate was deposited in the NCBI GenBank database under a unique accession number. Identification of Bradyrhizobium species from root nodules of soybean is of great importance because the symbiosis between rhizobia and legumes are a cheaper and usually more effective agronomic practice for ensuring an adequate supply of nitrogen for legumes, while preserving and improving fertility and productivity of soils., Cilj ovog rada je izolacija i molekularna identifikacija sojeva Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Na osnovu morfološke i biohemijske karakterizacije, od 56 izolata iz korenskih kvržica različitih sorti soje, 33 izolata za koje je utvrđena sličnost s Bradyrhizobium sp. bili su predmet dalje identifikacije. Nakon ekstrakcije DNK, parcijalna 16S rDNA genska sekvenca iz izolata je umnožena PCR metodom upotrebom univerzalnih prajmera fD1 (27F) i rP3 (1492R). Prečišćavanje i sekvencioniranje umnoženih fragmenata urađeno je u kompaniji Macrogen Ltd. (Seul , Južna Koreja). Pomoću programa FinchTV i BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) analize, izvršeno je višestruko poređenje dobijenih sekvenci s GenBank bazom podataka. Poređenjem dobijenih sekvenci s Bradyrhizobium ID-bazom podataka svi ispitivani izolati identifikovani su kao Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Sekvence su deponovane u svetsku NCBI bazu uz dobijanje pristupnog broja (NCBI Acc. number). Identifikacija vrsta Bradyrhizobium-a poreklom iz korenskih kvržica soje od velikog je značaja jer je simbioza između rizobiuma i leguminoza isplativiji i obično efikasniji način snabdevanja biljaka azotom, a važno je i zbog očuvanja i unapređenja plodnosti i produktivnosti zemljišta.