Search

Biofuels are a type of renewable energy that can become more vital in our lives. There are several advantages to switching to alternative biofuels and green techniques for producing these biofuels from biomass feedstock. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a potential precursor for biofuel and is synthesized from biomass sources. DMSO is specifically known as the most effective solvent for the conversion of biomass into HMF, leading to high yields. Due to the high miscibility of DMSO with various organic solvents, isolating HMF from the reaction mixture continues to be complicated. The use of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) in the biomass conversion process is attracting much attention. We have developed the synthesis of HMF from glucose, fructose, and cellulose using metal chloride in a [DMSO][CholineCl] deep eutectic solvent, which was easily obtained by combining DMSO and choline chloride. The yields of HMF under optimal conditions from glucose, fructose, and cellulose were 40%, 93%, and 15%, respectively. The HMF product can be isolated from [DMSO][CholineCl] deep eutectic solvent mixture by the liquid-liquid extraction using organic solvents with high purity. [Display omitted] • [DMSO][ChCl] deep eutectic solvent was easily prepared by choline chloride and DMSO. • The yields of HMF from glucose, fructose, and cellulose were 36%, 93%, and 15%, respectively. • The metal chloride in [DMSO][ChCl] could be recycled. • Pure HMF was isolated through liquid-liquid extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma in preschool children is poorly defined, proving to be a challenge for early detection. The Breathmobile Case Identification Survey (BCIS) has been shown to be a feasible screening tool in older SCD children and could be effective in younger children. We attempted to validate the BCIS as an asthma screening tool in preschool children with SCD. This is a prospective, single-center study of 50 children aged 2–5 years with SCD. BCIS was administered to all patients and a pulmonologist blinded to the results evaluated patients for asthma. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained to assess risk factors for asthma and acute chest syndrome in this population. Asthma prevalence (n = 3/50; 6%) was lower than atopic dermatitis (20%) and allergic rhinitis (32%). Sensitivity (100%), specificity (85%), positive predictive value (30%), and negative predictive value (100%) of the BCIS were high. Clinical demographics, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, viral respiratory infection, hematology parameters, sickle hemoglobin subtype, tobacco smoke exposure, and hydroxyurea were not different between patients with or without history of ACS, although eosinophil was significantly lower in the ACS group (p = 0.0093). All those with asthma had ACS, known viral respiratory infection resulting in hospitalization (3 RSV and 1 influenza), and HbSS (homozygous Hemoglobin SS) subtype. The BCIS is an effective asthma screening tool in preschool children with SCD. Asthma prevalence in young children with SCD is low. Previously known ACS risk factors were not seen, possibly from the beneficial effects of early life initiation of hydroxyurea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severe heatwaves and hot spells in Vietnam were observed more frequently in intensity and duration due to global warming and climate change impacts. The hot days and extreme summer events make the weather harsh and significantly affect human health and the environment. This study presents the spatiotemporal distribution of the number of hot days (NHDs) in Vietnam. The variability of NHD in seven climate subregions is also examined in association with the large-scale drivers. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis version 5 (ERA5) data for the period 1981–2020 are used. Principal component analysis is also applied to the observed monthly NHD to obtain spatial patterns and time series. The results show that the NHD in the Highland and South subregions from March to May is linked with the subtropical high associated with decreased 500hPa-level vertical velocity (VV500). From May to June, the North and Central subregions seem related to deepening the Asiatic low and enhancement of southwest flows across the Indochina Peninsula. Finally, both increased southwest flows and decreased VV500 can partly contribute to the intensification of NHD in the North and Central subregions during July and August. The long trends of NHD are also examined. The results reveal that the increasing trends in NHD occur in most subregions, except for the Central Highland, and changing trends of NHD in June greatly contribute to the annual trend of NHD. Finally, the examinations with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation events show that NHD is significantly higher in El Niño events than in La Niña events in March and April for the Northwest, South Central, Central Highlands, and South, in May and June for all subregions, and in July and August for only the Red River Delta subregion. This suggests that ENSO can provide the potential for improving seasonal climate forecasts and mitigating natural disaster risks for the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Electronic properties of PtS 2 /InSe vdWH were investigated. • PtS 2 /InSe vdWH forms a type-II band alignment with an indirect band gap. • Electronic properties of PtS 2 /InSe vdWH can be controlled by strain and electric field. • These findings suggest attractive potential application for PtS 2 /InSe heterostructure as a novel optolectronic nanodevices. In this letter, we systematically investigate the electronic properties of the PtS 2 /InSe heterostructure using first-principle calculations. At the equilibrium interlayer distance D = 3.23 Å, the PtS 2 /InSe heterostructure displays a semiconducting character with an indirect band gap. Moreover, it forms a type-II band alignment, making the PtS 2 /InSe heterostructure a potential material for efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. More interestingly, by applying vertical strain and electric field, the electronic properties of the PtS 2 /InSe heterostructure can be effectively controlled, and a semiconductor-to-metal transition even emerges. These findings suggest attractive potential application for PtS 2 /InSe heterostructure as a novel optolectronic nanodevices, along with a potential pholocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, we combined g-C 3 N 4 and NiWO 4 to establish g-C 3 N 4 /NiWO 4 composites for removal of gaseous toluene. The obtained characterization and toluene removal results indicated that the photocatalytic activities of the established g-C 3 N 4 /NiWO 4 were much higher than that of the single component. A direct Z scheme mechanism is proposed for the enhancement. Because of the intimate integration between g-C 3 N 4 and NiWO 4 , the photo-excited electrons in the conduction band of the NiWO 4 tends to combine with photo-excited holes in the valence band of the g-C 3 N 4 preserving the existence of electrons in the conduction band of the g-C 3 N 4 and holes in the valence band of the NiWO 4. Therefore, the established g-C 3 N 4 /NiWO 4 system could produce significant amounts of available electrons and holes for photocatalytic degradation of toluene even under visible light. Among established g-C 3 N 4 /NiWO 4 materials, the 1C/1N material, which the mole ratio of g-C 3 N 4 was equal to that of NiWO 4 , exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation of toluene. The maximum removal efficiency and mineralization degree of toluene by 1C/1N were 95.3% and 99.1%, respectively. We also investigated that the prepared g-C 3 N 4 /NiWO 4 materials exhibited high stability during long-term toluene removal. Graphical abstract Photocatalytic mechanism of g-C 3 N 4 /NiWO 4 for degradation of gaseous toluene under visible light fx1 Highlights • g-C 3 N 4 /NiWO 4 Z direct scheme system were successfully established. • Z-scheme prevented fast recombination of e- and h+ and remained their oxidative ability. • The established materials exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene. • The optimal mole ratio of g-C 3 N 4 /(NiWO 4 + g-C 3 N 4) for toluene removal was 50%. • The 1C/1N removed 95.3% toluene and mineralized 99.1% of them into CO 2 and H 2 O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human-induced thermal variability can disrupt energy balance and performance in ectotherms; however, phenotypic plasticity may play a pivotal protective role. Ectotherm performance can be maintained in thermally heterogeneous habitats by reducing the thermal sensitivity of physiological processes and concomitant performance. We examined the capacity of juvenile green sturgeon ( Acipenser medirostris ) to respond to daily thermal variation. Juveniles (47 days post-hatch) were exposed to either stable (15 ± 0.5 °C) or variable (narrowly variable: 13–17 °C day −1 or widely variable 11–21 °C day −1 ) thermoperiod treatments, with equivalent mean temperatures (15 ± 0.5 °C), for 21 days. Growth (relative growth rate, % body mass gain), upper thermal tolerance (critical thermal maxima, CTMax) and the thermal sensitivity of swimming performance (critical swimming speed, U crit ) were assessed in fish from all treatments. Accelerated growth was observed in fish maintained under widely variable temperatures compared to narrowly variable and stable temperatures. No significant variation in CTMax was observed among thermoperiod treatments, suggesting all treatment groups acclimated to the mean temperature rather than daily maximums. The widely variable treatment induced a plastic response in swimming performance, where U crit was insensitive to temperature and performance was maintained across a widened thermal breadth. Maximum U crit attained was similar among thermoperiod treatments, but performance was maximised at different test temperatures (stable: 4.62 ± 0.44 BL s −1 at 15 °C; narrowly variable: 4.52 ± 0.23 BL s −1 at 21 °C; widely variable: 3.90 ± 0.24 BL s −1 at 11 °C, mean ± s.e.m.). In combination, these findings suggest juvenile A. medirostris are resilient to daily fluctuations in temperature, within the temperature range tested here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) has been extensively detected in wastewater treatment plant effluents and surface water. Because of its potential risks to ecology and health, treatment for eliminating SMX is urgently required. In this study, we report the application of Pd nanoparticles decorated on BiVO 4 pine architecture for the photocatalytic degradation of SMX. The results showed that the barer BiVO 4 and Pd–BiVO 4 eliminated SMX under visible-light irradiation. After 210 min of irradiation, 98.8% of SMX was substantially eliminated by Pd–BiVO 4 , whereas bare BiVO 4 can degraded approximately 36.3% of SMX. Pd–BiVO 4 also exhibited a high mineralization rate (84% of total organic carbon (TOC) removal) compared to bare BiVO 4 (51% of TOC removal). Through three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectra, SMX with high fluorescence intensity can be degraded to non-fluorescence intermediate products, further confirming the high mineralization of SMX over Pd–BiVO 4 catalyst. Well-dispersed Pd nanoparticles on the {040} facet of BiVO 4 pine architecture can support the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers because of the formation of the Schottky junction at the Pd–BiVO 4 interface. Besides, the active species trapping tests indicated that •O 2 − and h+ radicals dominate SMX photodegradation over Pd–BiVO 4. The main degradation intermediates of SMX in the reaction solution was also identified through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. This investigation can provide insight into designing metallic/semiconductor junctions for antibiotic elimination in water media. [Display omitted] • Pd–BiVO 4 heterojunction photocatalyst is prepared via photoreduction method. • Pd nanoparticles is well-dispersed on the {040} facet of BiVO 4 pine architecture. • Pd–BiVO 4 exhibits a better SMX removal and mineralization rate compared to BiVO 4. • The formation of the Schottky junction at the Pd–BiVO 4 interface is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanocomposites XFe2O4/GO with various metal sites (X = Co, Mn, and Ni) were successfully synthesized via the polymerized complex method. The XFe2O4/GO family was characterized using X-Ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a vibrating sample magnetometer. We also investigated the effect of three fundamental parameters (initial concentration, dosage, and pH) on the removal of methylene blue using the response surface methodology. A high F value, very low P value (< 0.00001), a non-significant lack of fit, and the determination coefficient (R2 > 0.95) demonstrated a strong correlation between experimental and predicted values of the responses. The predicted optimal conditions for maximum removal efficiency were easily determined to adhere to the following trend for actual test experiments: MnFe2O4/GO (60.1%) < CoFe2O4/GO (80.3%) < NiFe2O4/GO (87.7%). Moreover, the adsorption behavior was well-described by the Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum capacity for adsorption of methylene blue onto XFe2O4/GO was found from 42.2 to 80.6 mg/g. Moreover, the XFe2O4/GO could be regenerated for several cycles without a considerable decrease in removal yield, suggesting that this highly promising XFe2O4/GO could be applied as an efficient and novel adsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major hurdles in plant biosynthetic pathway elucidation and engineering include the need for rapid testing of enzyme candidates and the lack of complex substrates that are often not accumulated in the plant, amenable to synthesis, or commercially available. Linking metabolic engineering with gene discovery in both yeast and plant holds great promise to expedite the elucidation process and, at the same time, provide a platform for the sustainable production of plant metabolites. In this review, we highlight how synthetic biology and metabolic engineering alleviated longstanding obstacles in plant pathway elucidation. Recent advances in developing these chassis that showcase established and emerging strategies in accelerating biosynthetic gene discovery will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the g-C3N4 with simultaneous isotype heterojunction and porous structure showed superior photocatalytic decomposition of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) under white LED light irradiation fabricated via a thermal polycondensation method using melamine and thiourea as precursors and NH4Cl as soft-template. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the successful fabrication of the heterojunction between two different phases of g-C3N4 metal-free semiconductor. Besides, the increase in surface area as well as the porosity of g-C3N4 isotype heterojunction compared with CN-M (the g-C3N4 was synthesized using melamine as precursor) or CN-T (the g-C3N4 was synthesized using thiourea as precursor) was confirmed through nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. The improved photocatalytic degradation of TCH over CN-MT (the g-C3N4 was synthesized using melamine and thiourea as precursors and NH4Cl as soft-template) compared to CN-M and CN-T could be assigned to the visible light absorption expansion, the increase in surface area as well as the porosity and reduction of photo-generated electron–hole pair recombination. Specifically, the CN-MT-1:1 isotype heterojunction revealed the highest photocatalytic activity for TCH degradation (81.55%) within 180 min. Furthermore, this catalyst can be recycled four times, which demonstrates the potential of CN-MT as a visible light-sensitive catalyst for organic pollutant removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the substitution of V5+ with Ni2+ at the corresponding sites in BiVO4 on the crystal structures, optical properties, and photocatalytic efficiency of BiVO4 was investigated. Ni2+ cations doped at the V5+ sites in BiVO4 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectra, and photoluminescence spectra. Ni-doped BiVO4 exhibited excellent degradation of crystal violet (CV) compared with the bare BiVO4. For optimal Ni2+ doping of 5%, the degradation rate of CV, which reached about 95% within 180 min of LED light irradiation, was obtained. Ni doping can introduce advantageous defect states that significantly increase the separation and diffusion efficiency of the photo-induced charge carriers, thereby boosting the photocatalytic activity of crystal structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malabar blood snapper Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) inhabits in coastal marine waters of Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces, Vietnam. An investigation of the reproductive characteristics of Lutjanus malabaricus in the coastal marine waters of Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces was undertaken between June 2020 and May 2021. The spawning season of L. malabaricus occurred throughout the year, fish were in the ripe or spawning condition in most months; but spawning peaks from late March/April and August. Females matured at a smaller size than males, with total length (TL) at first maturity being 280–330 mm for males and 230–280 mm for females. The sex ratios of 365 individuals were approximately 1/1, and the total ratio G/W was approximately 0.08−5.65% with a mean of 0.32%. The highest GSI mean value in males was 0.77 (stage IV in July) and the lowest mean value 0.03−0.11 was recorded during stages I and II in November and December. Females had the highest mean value of 1.22−1.41 (stage IV in May) and the lowest mean value of 0.07 during stages I and II in January, and 0.20 at stages I and II in October. These show that fish (L. malabaricus) were ripe or spawning from March and August in the studied waters. The first maturity size was 280−330 mm for males and 230–280 mm for females. Absolute fecundity (Fa) ranged from 24.000 to 769.000 (the mean value 112.000) ova per ovaries for L. malabaricus. In the main spawning period, high gonadal index values were found around the time of the last quarter to the first quarter moon for each month from late March or early April to August. It is suggested that L. malabaricus is a lunarsynchronized spanner in the studied waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Rare coexistence of disease or pathology Background: Columnar metaplasia of the lower esophagus includes both gastric and intestinal metaplasia. Children with severe neurologic impairment and congenital esophageal atresia often have gastroesophageal reflux disease, which can lead to Barrett's esophagus, a form of lower esophageal columnar metaplasia and precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma, with some, but not all, guidelines specifically requiring the presence of intestinal metaplasia for diagnosis. This case series illustrates how iron deficiency anemia may be the primary symptom of esophageal columnar metaplasia in such children and how upper endoscopy is essential in their initial and ongoing evaluation. Case Reports: We review 5 cases of columnar metaplasia of the lower esophagus in children, 3 with severe neurologic impairment and 2 with esophageal atresia. Each child presented with marked iron deficiency anemia and minimal-to-no gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusions: We conclude that columnar metaplasia of the esophagus may present with iron deficiency anemia in children with neurologic impairment or congenital esophageal atresia, even if without overt gastrointestinal symptoms. Accordingly, we propose that early endoscopic evaluation should be considered in this specific patient population. Based on our literature review, we also emphasize the need for guidelines on the endoscopic surveillance of such children with any type of columnar metaplasia of the lower esophagus, given the associated risk of malignant transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new catalytic system was developed for the selective synthesis of DFF from direct glucose. • High yield and selectivity of DFF from glucose were obtained using available and cheap catalysts. • The experiment can be easily scaled up for large-scale synthesis. An efficient and direct transformation of glucose to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) using available reagents including AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O, sulfur, and dimethyl sulfoxide has been developed. The one-step isomerization/dehydration/oxidation of glucose provided DFF in an acceptable yield (62%) in a low-cost procedure. The liquid-liquid extraction and large-scale synthesis of DFF were successfully performed. A plausible mechanism was proposed and discussed on the basis of experimental results. This method provides a straightforward and economic pathway, which can be applied in the industrial production of DFF from glucose. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Node coverage is one of the crucial metrics for wireless sensor networks' (WSNs') quality of service, directly affecting the target monitoring area's monitoring capacity. Pursuit of the optimal node coverage encounters increasing difficulties because of the limited computational power of individual nodes, the scale of the network, and the operating environment's complexity and constant change. This paper proposes a solution to the optimal node coverage of unbalanced WSN distribution during random deployment based on an enhanced Archimedes optimization algorithm (EAOA). The best findings for network coverage from several sub-areas are combined using the EAOA. In order to address the shortcomings of the original Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) in handling complicated scenarios, we suggest an EAOA based on the AOA by adapting its equations with reverse learning and multidirection techniques. The obtained results from testing the benchmark function and the optimal WSN node coverage of the EAOA are compared with the other algorithms in the literature. The results show that the EAOA algorithm performs effectively, increasing the feasible range and convergence speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The designed synthesis of an S-scheme heterojunction has possessed a great potential for improving photocatalytic wastewater treatment by demonstrating increased the photoredox capacity and improved the charge separation efficiency. Here, we introduce the fabrication of a heterojunction-based photocatalyst comprising bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) and bismuth-based halide perovskite (BHP) nanosheets, derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Our composite photocatalyst is synthesized through a one-pot solvothermal strategy, where a halogenation process is applied to a bismuth-based metal-organic framework (CAU-17) as the precursor for bismuth sourcing. As a result, the rod-like structure of CAU-17 transforms into well-defined plate and nanosheet architectures after 4 and 8 h of solvothermal treatment, respectively. The modulation of the solvothermal reaction time facilitates the establishment of an S-scheme heterojunction, resulting in an increase in the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of rhodamine B (RhB) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The optimized BiOCl/BHP composite exhibits superior RhB and SMX degradation rates, achieving 99.8% degradation of RhB in 60 min and 75.1% degradation of SMX in 300 min. Also, the optimized BiOCl/BHP composite (CAU-17-st-8h sample) exhibited the highest rate constant (k = 3.48 × 10−3 min−1), nearly 6 times higher than that of the bare BHP in the photocatalytic degradation process of SMX. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency can be endorsed to various factors: (i) the in-situ formation of two-components BiOCl/BHP photocatalyst, derived from CAU-17, effectively suppresses the aggregation of pristine BHP and BiOCl particles; (ii) the S-scheme heterostructure establishes a closely-knit interfacial connection, thereby facilitating efficient pathways for charge separation/transfer; and (iii) the BiOCl/BHP heterostructure enhances its capacity to absorb visible light. Our investigation establishes an effective strategy for constructing heterostructured photocatalysts, offering significant potential for application in photocatalytic wastewater treatment. [Display omitted] • In-situ formation of heterojunction-based photocatalyst (BiOCl/BHP) from CAU-17. • The S-scheme BiOCl/BHP heterojunction significantly boots photocatalytic efficiency. • BiOCl/BHP exhibits impressive degradation rates: 99.8% for RhB and 75.1% for SMX. • Closely-knit interfacial connection in heterojunction boots charge separation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study explores the effect of different solvents on the synthesis of bismuth-based halide perovskite (BHP) crystals with distinct morphologies. BHP crystals were successfully synthesized using various alcohol solvents, including ethanol (EtOH), butanol (BuOH), ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (GL), and without the use of alcohol solvents. The choice of solvent acted a crucial role in shaping the nucleation and growth of BHP crystals, as it affected key solvent characteristics, including dielectric constant, ion-coordination, and atomic chain length. The resulting BHP crystals exhibited varying geometrical and structural features, which, in turn, significantly impacted their photophysical properties and photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation. The introduction of EtOH into the synthesis process led to larger crystallite sizes and an increased adsorption of oxygen molecules on BHP, thereby enhancing the separation of photo-excited electrons and holes. Consequently, the photodegradation efficiency of rhodamine B achieved an impressive 99.6% after 30 min of irradiation. The degradation rate of tetracycline hydrochloride over BHP photocalysts followed this order: mesoporous structure with strong agglomeration of particles (EtOH) > irregular agglomerates composed of spherical particles (BuOH) > irregular clusters of sheets (EG) > thick plates (GL) > flower-like agglomerates (without the use of an alcohol solvent). Our evaluation considered changes in morphological characteristics, surface properties, and photon absorption capacities of the BHP crystalline structures. This study provides valuable insights into the role of various alcohol solvents in tailoring the structure and improving the photocatalytic performance of BHP photocatalyst synthesized through the solvothermal route. [Display omitted] • Morphology and structure of BHP depend on the choice of alcohol solvents. • Ethanol introduction enhances BHP crystallite size and oxygen adsorption. • Photoactivity varies with BHPs morphologies and structure. • BHP–EtOH achieves remarkable 79.6% TCH degradation under white LED light. • BHP–EtOH also achieves impressive 99.6% RhB degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve a better understanding of accumulation of paclitaxel and related taxanes in Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana Zucc.) callus mass, induction and growth of calli from needles and petioles under light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and production of paclitaxel and baccatin were investigated. Calli were induced from needles and petioles on Gamborg's B5 medium supplemented with 1 mg·l-1 kinetin and 4 mg·l-1 2,4-D under different com-binations of blue and red LEDs. Calli were further cultured in that medium under the same lighting conditions. Callus induction from needles and petioles and growth was better under blue LEDs than under red LEDs and fluorescent light. The combinations of blue and red LEDs produced variable results. The paclitaxel content of these calli was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The paclitaxel content of calli derived from needles was 0.00628% and the 10-DAB (10-Deacetylbaccatin III) content was 0.00366%. The paclitaxel content of calli derived from petioles was 0.00412%, and no 10-DAB was detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livestock manure and its management are significant sources of greenhouse gas (GHG). In most Southeast Asian countries, the current GHG emissions are estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 approach using default emission factors. Sun-drying is the dominant manure treatment in Vietnam, and in this study, we measured GHG emissions during manure drying using a chamber-based approach. Results show the emission factors for CH4 and N2O were 0.295 ± 0.078 g kg−1 volatile solids (VS) and 0.132 ± 0.136 g N2O-N kg−1 Ninitial, respectively. We monitored the total bacterial/archaeal community using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and measured the abundance of functional genes required for methanogenesis (mcrA), nitrification (amoA) and denitrification (nirK, nirS and nosZ) processes. Methane emission occurred only at the beginning of the drying process (days 1 to 3). The results of amplicon sequencing indicated that the relative abundance of methanogens also decreased during this period. Although some nitrification activity was detected, there was no significant N2O emission. These findings well describe the manure management system in south Vietnam and the GHG emission from this manure category, paving the way for higher Tier estimations using country-specific values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bismuth based MOFs were synthesized by the microwave-assisted solvothermal method. • Bi-TATB showed a high specific surface area. • Bi-TATB showed excellent photocatalytic activity (k = 32.1 × 10−3 min−1). • The mechanism of RhB photodegradation process over Bi-MOF was investigated. • Bi-TATB showed excellent photocatalytic O 2 evolution. In this study, we studied the effect of starting ligands such as 1,4-benzenetdicarboxylic (H 2 BDC), 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic (H 3 BTC), and 4,4′,4″-s-triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tribenzoic (H 3 TATB) acids on the photocatalytic activity of three bismuth-based MOFs (Bi-MOF) obtained via a microwave-assisted solvothermal process. Different shapes and sizes of ligands displayed different structure properties from the corresponding Bi-MOF. Specifically, Bi-MOF composed of Bi3+ and H 3 TATB (Bi-TATB) exhibits the largest specific surface area of 355 m2/g, highest surface-oxygen vacancy amount, a more vigorous light absorption intensity with a broader range of visible light absorption and red-shifted absorption edge than that of Bi-MOF composed of Bi3+ and H 2 BDC (Bi-BDC) and Bi-MOF composed of Bi3+ and H 3 BTC (Bi-BTC), suggesting the extension in the photocatalytic activity for Bi-TATB. The reason is attributed to the difference in their structural features. Compared with H 2 BDC and H 3 BTC ligands in Bi-BDC and Bi-BTC, H 3 TATB ligands in the structure of Bi-TATB contained more delocalized π electrons. This outcome may facilitate the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and decrease the electronic bandgap of the Bi-TATB, thus contributing to the enhanced photocatalytic rate. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi-TATB was further confirmed by the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under LED light irradiation, which is 99.1% of RhB removal after 180 min of light irradiation. The as-synthesized Bi-TATB showed promising photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic dye with an excellent recyclable catalytic efficiency. With the above understanding, Bi-MOF was finally used for the photocatalytic O 2 evolution from water under LED light irradiation. The Bi-TATB had a maximum photocatalytic O 2 evolution rate of 691 μmol h−1. To the best of the author's knowledge, there has been no research on both the photocatalytic degradation of organic model dye pollutants and photocatalytic O 2 evolution studies using Bi-MOFs with different organic linkers. The results should open an alternative approach of ligand selection that could increase the applicability of Bi-MOF in the field of catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ag x -Zn 100−x -BTC/GO composites (BTC: benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic, GO: graphene oxide) with different Ag/Zn molar ratios were synthesized using microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment. The Ag x -Zn 100−x -BTC/GO exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance in the reactive yellow 145 dye (RY-145) degradation under irradiation of visible light with nearly 100% of RY-145 removal after 35 min, as compared to Zn-BTC/GO and Ag-BTC/GO. Reactive oxygen species scavenging assays have shown that the holes (h+) and superoxide radical anion (O 2 −•) play a primary role in RY-145 degradation. Based on the band structure of materials, the Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism was suggested. The effect of catalyst dosage, pH and dye concentration on the efficiency of photocatalytic activity of bimetallic Ag 50 -Zn 50 -BTC/GO was also investigated. The improvement in photocatalytic activity of bimetallic Ag 50 -Zn 50 -BTC/GO could be given by the synergism of (i) absorption of visible light confirmed by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra; (ii) the increased lifetime as evidenced by photoluminescence spectra and transient photocurrent response; (iii) the increased oxygen vacancy defects as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. The degradation pathway of RY-145 dye was also predicted based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis. The removed chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total organic carbon outcomes indicated the high mineralization ability for RY-145 degradation over Ag 50 -Zn 50 -BTC/GO. [Display omitted] • Microwave-assisted synthesis of Ag x -Zn 100−x -BTC/GO composites was investigated. • The Ag 50 -Zn 50 -BTC/GO could degrade nearly 100% RY-145 within 35 min • The Ag 50 -Zn 50 -BTC/GO exhibits high mineralization ability for RY-145 degradation. • The degradation pathways of reactive yellow 145 were deduced from LC-MS analysis. • This improvement is due to bimetallic Ag/Zn in the SBU network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal water bodies are susceptible to high levels of pollution as a result of population growth, rapid urbanization, the expansion of industrial activities, including ports, and expanding tourism-related activities. Untreated sewage disposal from municipalities, industrial wastewater, and numerous recreational and commercial activities along the coast not only deteriorates the water quality but also poses a significant threat to the marine ecosystem, food chain, and public health. Therefore, continuous monitoring of coastal water quality is essential for the sustainable upkeep of marine and aquatic ecosystems. The study aims to assess the intra- and interannual variability of coastal water quality in the Sundarbans estuarine system, straddling the borders of India and Bangladesh. The study employed Landsat 8 OLI satellite data and in-situ measurements of water quality parameters, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, total phosphate, nitrate, and nitrite. These measurements were obtained from 100 sampling locations across the entire Sundarban estuarine ecosystem. The data collection spanned the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods in the years 2021 and 2022. Several sophisticated machine learning models, including Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), were employed to precisely forecast various crucial water quality indicators. Cross-validation results showed that the random forest model is most promising, with R2 values ranging between 0.50 and 0.96, followed by the artificial neural network (R2 values ranging between 0.36 and 0.97), the support vector machine (R2 values ranging between 0.29 and 0.97), and the KNN (R2 values ranging between 0.26 and 0.94). Subsequently, a random forest algorithm was customized for the study area to compute the coastal water quality index on a seasonal scale for the years 2021 and 2022. Results reveal that the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, phosphate, total phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, pH, and water temperature were relatively higher during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons compared to the monsoon season. In situ and remote sensing data analysis confirmed that Sundarbans estuarine water quality was relatively good during the monsoon period as compared to the rest of the year. In addition, research also highlighted the significance of monsoonal rainfall in the watershed for maintaining coastal water quality. It is estimated that the coastal water was particularly vulnerable due to the combined effects of industrial waste water and municipal sewage discharge. Ultimately, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of machine learning models and remote sensing in predicting the condition of coastal waters. The findings of this research can offer significant perspectives to decision-makers in developing a sustainable strategy for the management of coastal water resources. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy security and pollution are becoming critical issues in the context of climate change and the circular economy, calling for sustainable resources. Asteraceae species, commonly referred as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, are among the largest flowering plants with 23,000 species belonging to 1600 genera, and are a major source of biomass. Here we review botanical characteristics and applications of Asteraceae for bioenergy, remediation, nanotechnology, medicine, food and agriculture. Sunflower is the most used to produce bio-oils with a yearly production of 47 million tons. Sunflower is also used for phytoremediation of heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, uranium, and chromium. Artichoke, chicory, purple coneflower, and wormwood display medicinal potential with 27–103 bioactive compounds. Artemisia, calendula, and sunflower oil are precursors for cosmetic and perfume production. Asteraceae species exhibited high efficiencies of 90−96% for removal of remazol red, and reactive blue dyes. Asteraceae species are used for fabrication of nanoparticles, biochar, activated carbon and biocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study utilized chemically modified porous carbon (CMPC) as a robust adsorbent for MB treatment. The characteristic findings revealed the existence of many functional groups (C–O/C = O, C–C/C = C, C–OH, – COOH, C–C = O, etc.) on the surface of the high-defect structure of CMPC. Additionally, influential factors: methylene blue (MB) concentration (116–284 mg/L), CMPC dosage (0.16–1.84 g/L), and pH (3.6–10.4) were assessed by response surface methodology. By applying optimized conditions, the highest MB removal and adsorption capacity were confirmed at 90% and 181.82 mg/g, respectively. Role of surface functional groups in adsorption mechanisms was meticulously explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel predictor for accurately identifying KLF proteins using sequence information. • Datasets are manually collected and verified from well-known public sources. • Different sequencing features are extracted and gone through feature selection to find the optimal set. • Among different machine learning models, performance of XGBoost outperforms the others. • A basis for further research that would like to discover new KLF proteins. Krüppel-like factors (KLF) refer to a group of conserved zinc finger-containing transcription factors that are involved in various physiological and biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, development, and apoptosis. Some bioinformatics methods such as sequence similarity searches, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic reconstruction, and gene synteny analysis have also been proposed to broaden our knowledge of KLF proteins. In this study, we proposed a novel computational approach by using machine learning on features calculated from primary sequences. To detail, our XGBoost-based model is efficient in identifying KLF proteins, with accuracy of 96.4% and MCC of 0.704. It also holds a promising performance when testing our model on an independent dataset. Therefore, our model could serve as an useful tool to identify new KLF proteins and provide necessary information for biologists and researchers in KLF proteins. Our machine learning source codes as well as datasets are freely available at https://github.com/khanhlee/KLF-XGB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The concept of developing photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO 2) reduction is proposed. • Renewable fuels production and the CO 2 reduction are simultaneously provided. • Recent advances with more insights are discussed for enhancing the efficiency. • Light-driven renewable fuels and their reaction pathways are highlighted. • Critical challenges and prospects are systematically presented. The concept of photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2) into solar fuels has received considerable attention. This approach could resolve the environmental issue and the energy crisis synergistically. In this study, several possible products and reaction pathways of CO 2 reduction that might happen under different conditions are summarized. Various photocatalysts and their mechanism for the reduction of CO 2 into C 1 and C 2+ products are highlighted and overviewed. In addition, we address the yet unresolved questions concerning the insight of the mechanism and tailoring photocatalysts, which can bring more insights for enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. Finally, we provide the remaining challenges and prospects for the development of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Asthma is a chronic airway disorder with variable/recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and an inflammation. The expert panel report of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute recommends asthma screening in sickle cell disease (SCD); however, specific approach is not mentioned. We hypothesize that the breathmobile case identification survey (BCIS) is a valid asthma screening tool in children with SCD. Methods: This prospective, single-center study enrolled 129 SCD patients aged 5 to 18 years from March 2016 to March 2018. All patients completed BCIS, spirometry, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). A single pulmonologist blinded to the BCIS results evaluated patients for asthma. Results: Asthma prevalence was 41%. Male gender (60.4%; p = 0.041), allergic rhinitis (86.8%; p < 0.01), hydroxyurea usage (73.6%; p < 0.01), and family history of asthma (34%; p < 0.01) were higher but not self-reported parental asthma history, eczema, and tobacco smoke exposure in the asthma group compared to the nonasthma group. FEV1 (p = 0.003), FVC (p = 0.02), FEV1/FVC (p = 0.053), and FEF25–75% (p = 0.02) were lower in asthma. FeNO levels were comparable in both groups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the abbreviated BCIS were 67.3%, 90.8%, 83.3%, and 80.2% for asthma; and 82.1%, 90.8%, 76.7%, and 93.2% for persistent asthma, respectively. Persistent asthma patients had a trend of higher hydroxyurea use (82.8% vs. 58.3%; p = 0.049) and tobacco smoke exposure (55.2% vs. 29.2%; p = 0.057) compared to intermittent asthma. Conclusion: We have validated the BCIS to screen for asthma in SCD. Spirometry but not FeNO may support an asthma diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel mixed‐matrix membrane (MMM) based on covalent incorporation of poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) (PSMA) with a metal‐organic framework (MOF) UiO‐66‐NH2 was prepared and utilized for dye removal from aqueous solution. The fabrication of PSMA and UiO‐66‐NH2 was carried out by the amidation reaction between the maleic anhydride ring and amino functional group affording crosslinked MOF/PSMA membrane. The separate UiO‐66‐NH2 and PSMA solutions were mixed before cast films were produced. The MMM was prepared with final UiO‐66‐NH2 wt % content from 0 to 30 % in each membrane. The formation of MMM was confirmed with FT‐IR, PXRD, TGA, SEM, and XPS analysis. The MMM having high adsorption capacity was used for the separation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) as organic dye pollutants commonly found in wastewater. The MMM could be recycled and still maintained 75 and 52 % retention of MB and MO on the third reuse cycle, respectively. The results suggest that the MOF incorporated PSMA was an outstanding membrane for the development of filtration techniques for decontamination of water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sigle phase scheelite-monoclinic BiVO4 materials with different morphologies were successfully fabricated via a facile hydrothermal process by controlling pH of the precursor. The photocatalytic properties of the as-prepared materials were assessed via the photodecomposition of crystal violet (CV) solution under a 60 W LED (Cree-L6) visible light irradiation. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was utilized to present kinetic behavior. The obtained BiVO4 exhibited a monoclinic crystalline structure and narrow bandgap energy (Eg = 2.3–2.6 eV), which were confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS) results. From the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results, BiVO4 morphologies could be facilely controlled by turning the pH value of the precursor. When pH = 0.3, the BiVO4 products showed spherical morphologies with particle sizes in the range of 1–5 µm. Rod- and spherical like-BiVO4 products were obtained when the pH of the precursor was adjusted to 3. Moreover, BiVO4 with nanoparticles could be prepared under the pH of 5–7, whereas leaf-like morphologies could be achieved when pH = 9. The photocatalytic test showed that the adsorption equilibrium constant depended on the morphologies of the BiVO4 products and the reaction rate constant was reached the highest level at pH = 3. This outcome indicated that the enhanced performance of BiVO4 significantly depended on the morphologies of the BiVO4 products and the effective suppression of photo-excited electrons and holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study develops an effective method for the in situ synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) using Cyclea barbata pectin as a green reducing and stabilizing reagent. The PdNP@pectin nanocomposite was well characterized by analysis techniques such as UV-vis, FTIR, EDX, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and STEM-mapping. Crystalline PdNPs were found to be distributed in the size range of 1–25 nm with the highest frequency of 6–12 nm. PdNP@pectin exhibited excellent recyclable catalysis activity for the Heck coupling reaction in water medium. The kinetics and recyclability of nanoparticles were investigated for the catalytic reduction of o-, m- and p-nitrophenol. The result showed a good catalysis efficiency with five successful recycles without compromising much. In particular, the nanocomposite was used as a catalyst for the conversion of alkynes into cis-alkenes with KOH/DMF as a hydrogenation source. The reaction was also utilized effectively for the synthesis of sex pheromones, including Plutella xylostella ((Z)-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate) and Cylas formicarius ((Z)-3-dodecen-1-yl(E)-2-butenoate) with the total yields of 70% and 68%, respectively. Therefore, PdNPs supported on C. barbata pectin are promising catalysis materials for application in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic technology represents a cutting-edge approach for addressing water pollution. The performance of photocatalysts can be improved by constructing of heterojunctions that facilitate the charges transfer between the two components. Herein, we produced a three-component g–C 3 N 4 /g–C 3 N 4 isotype heterojunction/bismuth-based halide perovskites (g–C 3 N 4 –ISO/BHP) composite using a solvothermal method to grow bismuth-based halide perovskite (BHP) onto the surface of g–C 3 N 4 /g–C 3 N 4 isotype heterojunction (g–C 3 N 4 –ISO) layers. Several methods were used to investigate crystalline structure, morphology, chemical composition/states, optical characteristics, and charge-carrier dynamics of the three-component composite. The g–C 3 N 4 –ISO/BHP composite exhibited superior photocatalytic activity under white LED light with a degradation percentage of 73.2%, which is higher than the mixed-phase g–C 3 N 4 –ISO (61.4%) and the bare BHP (62.5%). The control of component content improved the transmission of charges between the composite components. The S-scheme charge transfer mechanism was verified to function on the g–C 3 N 4 –ISO/BHP composite as a result of its high compatibility and adequate band structure, resulting in robust redox ability, effective charge carrier separation and extended lifetime. Our study presents a practical approach for constructing three-component composites for efficient photocatalytic water treatment. [Display omitted] • A g–C 3 N 4 /g–C 3 N 4 /BHP composite enhances photocatalytic degradation of TCH. • The g–C 3 N 4 /g–C 3 N 4 /BHP displays 73.2% TCH degradation rate under white LED light. • The S-scheme charge transfer route enbles effective charge carrier separation. • The S-scheme charge transfer route also demonstrates robust redox ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major crucial issues that need worldwide attention is open stubble burning, which imposes a variety of adverse impacts on nature and human society, destroying the world's biodiversity. Many earth observation satellites render information to monitor and assess agricultural burning activities. In this study, different remotely sensed data (Sentinel-2A, VIIRS) has been employed to estimate the quantitative measurements of agricultural burned areas of the Purba Bardhaman district from October–December 2018. The multi-temporal image differencing techniques and indices (NDVI, NBR, and dNBR) and VIIRS active fires data (VNP14IMGT) have been utilized to spot agricultural burned areas. In the case of the NDVI technique, a prominent area, 184.82 km2 of agricultural burned area (7.85% of the total agriculture), was observed. The highest (23.04 km2) burned area was observed in the Bhatar block, located in the middle part of the district, and the lowest (0.11 km2) burned area was observed in the Purbasthali-II block, which is located in the eastern part of the district. On the other hand, the dNBR technique revealed that the agricultural burned areas enwrap 8.18% of the total agricultural area, which is 192.45 km2. As per the earlier NDVI technique, the highest agricultural burned areas (24.82 km2) were observed in the Bhatar block, and the lowest (0.13 km2) burn area occurred in the Purbashthali-II block. In both cases, it is observed that agricultural residue burning is high in the western part of the Satgachia block and the adjacent areas of the Bhatar block, which is in the middle part of Purba Bardhaman. The agricultural burned area was extracted using different spectral separability analyses, and the performance of dNBR was the most effective in spectral discrimination of burned and unburned surfaces. This study manifested that agricultural residue burning started in the central part of Purba Bardhaman. Later it spread all over the district due to the trend of early harvesting rice crops in this region. The performance of different indices for mapping the burned areas was evaluated and compared, revealing a strong correlation (R2) = 0.98. To estimate the campaign's effectiveness against the dangerous practice and plan the control of the menace, regular monitoring of crop stubble burning using satellite data is required. [Display omitted] • Different remotely sensed data has been employed to estimate the agricultural burned areas. • The multi-temporal image in indices (NDVI, NBR, and Dnbr) VIIRS active fires data (VNP14IMGT). • The performance of dNBR was the most effective in spectral discrimination of burned and unburned surfaces. • The agricultural burning is high in the western part of the Satgachia block and the adjacent area of the Bhatar block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 10%Co/MA catalyst was modified by incorporation 3 wt% of Ce, La, Y, and Sm promoters. • Reactant conversion: YCo/MA > LaCo/MA > CeCo/MA > SmCo/MA > Co/MA. • YCo/MA showed the highest activity due to great Co dispersion and strong interaction. • Lowest coke recorded by YCo/MA attributed to the superior oxygen storage capacity. • Inferior activity of SmCo/MA due to its lower alkaline attributes. Co/mesoporous alumina (MA) catalysts promoted with Ce, La, Sm, and Y were evaluated via methane dry reforming. Co particle dispersion on MA was evidently improved after promoter incorporation, resulting in smaller crystallite size and lesser Co agglomeration. Unlike Ce and La promoters, the employment of Y and Sm promoters reduced catalyst reducibility by strengthening Co-MA interaction. The reactant conversions improved in the order of YCo/MA > LaCo/MA > CeCo/MA > SmCo/MA > Co/MA, while the amount of carbon deposit was recorded with the sequence of Co/MA > SmCo/MA > LaCo/MA > CeCo/MA > YCo/MA. Additionally, YCo/MA attained the highest activity (CH 4 conversion = 85.8%, CO 2 conversion = 92.2%) and possessed the lowest carbon deposition (7.02%) due to great Co dispersion, small Co particle size with strong Co-MA interaction and higher oxygen storage capacity. H 2 /CO ratios were obtained within 0.78–0.86, slightly lower than 1 in consequence of the reverse water–gas shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano Fe-BTC/graphene oxide (GO) composites were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal treatment with a microwave-assisted method. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption–desorption, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). SEM image of Fe-BTC/GO-30 showed the particle size of 30–50 nm on the GO surface. From the UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra, it revealed that nano Fe-BTC/GO composite absorbed the wavelengths in the visible light region with a low bandgap energy of 2.2–2.45 eV. Fe-BTC/GO nanocomposites were tested for the photocatalytic degradation of reactive yellow 145 (RY-145) in aqueous solution. Fe-BTC/GO composites exhibited high photocatalytic activity. Thus, at pH of 3 and high initial concentration of 100 mg RY-145/L, removal efficiency reached the value of 98.18% after 60 min. of reaction. In comparison with Fe-BTC/GO synthesized by the solvothermal method, nano Fe-BTC/GO showed much higher RY-145 removal efficiency. Moreover, this Fe-BTC/GO-30 showed high catalytic activity stability and could be reused, opening the high potential application of this promising photo-Fenton catalyst in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe/graphene oxide and Cu–Fe/graphene oxide nanocomposite were synthesized by the atomic implantation method to study the photocatalytic degradation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by the XRD, N2 isotherms, SEM with EDX, TEM and XPS analysis. Characterization results have reported that oxides of Cu and Fe were uniformly distributed on graphene oxide and exited in the form of Cu+ and Fe2+ ions in Cu–Fe/graphene oxide nanocomposite. The high photocatalytic DDT removal efficiency 99.7% was obtained for Cu–Fe/graphene oxide under the optimal condition of 0.2 g/L catalyst, 15 mg/L H2O2 and pH 5. It was attributed to the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ by Cu+ ions and –OH radicals formation. However, it was dropped to 90.4% in the recycling study by leaching of iron and without a change in phase structure and morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient satisfaction is an important metric for assessing the quality of health care delivered across various hospital systems. Certain patient populations, such as females with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) with an underlying bleeding disorder, are followed by both Gynecology and Hematology. Office visits with either subspecialist often occur on different clinic days and times that lead to redundant hospital visits and duplicate labs, which can ultimately lead to patient dissatisfaction and inefficient patient care. Objectives include introduction of a collaborative joint clinic that offers both Hematology and Gynecology services (termed the "HAT/GYN clinic") during a single clinic visit to pediatric females with established bleeding disorders and to obtain feedback about the combined clinic experience over the pilot project duration (1 year). From April 2021 through April 2022, pediatric female patients with AUB and a known bleeding disorder were seen in a combined HAT/GYN clinic as a single visit rather than two individual visits. The clinic was offered once a month at a community campus of a large metropolitan area hospital system. A Gynecologist and Hematologist, who conducted their portion of the clinic visit sequentially, staffed the clinic, along with a nurse coordinator who was dedicated to appointment reminders, lab draws, and patient education. Following each clinic experience, brief patient surveys were obtained for feedback that would then help design future interventions through systematic "Plan-Do-Study-Act" cycles. Thirty-six total patient visits were completed in the joint clinic as of April 2022, with survey responses obtained from 33 patient visits (91.7%). Areas recording the greatest number of "Highly Satisfied" patient responses included those related to: 1) services provided during clinic that were felt to meet the family's needs (N=30, 90.9%), and 2) clinic staff that were providing the services (N=29, 87.9%). Overall level of satisfaction with the quality of services received was rated as "Highly Satisfied" in 90.9% of patient responses (N=30), with 83.3% of respondents reporting the joint clinic to have "Exceeded their Expectations." A preference was noted for attending a joint clinic rather than individual clinics based on 13 out of 18 patient responses (72.2%). A combined specialty clinic with Gynecology and Hematology that offered joint patient services through a single visit was highly satisfactory in a community based hospital setting. Patient and their families highly rated both the clinic staff, as well as the services provided. Timeliness of first appointment availability and education materials provided were identified as potential areas of improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propranolol is one of the first medications of the beta-blocker used for antihypertensive drugs. This study reports the facile route for the synthesis of propranolol and its novel derivatives. Herein, propranolol synthesis proceeded from 1-naphthol and isopropylamine under mild and less toxic conditions. Novel propranolol derivatives were designed by reactions of propranolol with benzoyl chloride, pyridinium chlorochromate, and n-butyl bromide through esterification, oxidation reduction, and alkylation, respectively. The isolation and purity of compounds were conducted using column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Mass spectrometry and 1H-NMR spectroscopy were applied to identify new compounds structure. Propranolol derivatives from 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride (compound 3), 2-fluorobenzoyl chloride (compound 5), and especially acetic anhydride (compound 6) manifested high yields and significantly increased water solubility. Six semisynthetic propranolol derivatives promise to improve antioxidative and biological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic ozonation is a new method used for removal of NH4OH solution. Therefore, high catalytic performance (activity and selectivity) should be achieved. In this work, we report the synthesis and catalytic performance of Fe2O3-Co3O4 modified dolomite in the catalytic ozonation of NH4OH solution. Dolomite was successfully activated and modified with Fe2O3 and Co3O4. Firstly, dolomite was activated by heating at 800°C for 3 h and followed by KOH treatment. Activated dolomite was modified with Fe2O3 by the atomic implantation method using FeCl3 as Fe source. Fe2O3 modified dolomite was further modified with Co3O4 by precipitation method. The obtained catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption–desorption (BET), and temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). From SEM image, it was revealed that nano-Fe2O3 and Co3O4 particles with the size of 80–120 nm. Catalytic performance of activated dolomite, Fe2O3 modified dolomite, and Fe2O3-Co3O4 modified dolomite in catalytic ozonation of NH4+ solution was investigated and evaluated. Among 3 tested catalysts, Fe2O3-Co3O4 modified dolomite has the highest NH4+ conversion (96%) and N2 selectivity (77.82%). Selectivity toward N2 over the catalyst was explained on the basis of bond strength M-O in oxides through the standard enthalpy Δ H ° f of oxide. Catalyst with lower Δ H ° f value has higher N2 selectivity and the order is the following: Co3O4 (Δ H ° f of 60 kcal (mole O)) > Fe2O3 (Δ H ° f of 70 kcal (mole O)) > MgO (Δ H ° f of 170 kcal (mole O)). Moreover, high reduction ability of Fe2O3-Co3O4 modified dolomite could improve the N2 selectivity by the reduction of NO3- to N2 gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic ozonation is a new method used for removal of NH4OH solution. Therefore, high catalytic performance (activity and selectivity) should be achieved. In this work, we report the synthesis and catalytic performance of Fe2O3-Co3O4 modified dolomite in the catalytic ozonation of NH4OH solution. Dolomite was successfully activated and modified with Fe2O3 and Co3O4. Firstly, dolomite was activated by heating at 800°C for 3 h and followed by KOH treatment. Activated dolomite was modified with Fe2O3 by the atomic implantation method using FeCl3 as Fe source. Fe2O3 modified dolomite was further modified with Co3O4 by precipitation method. The obtained catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption–desorption (BET), and temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). From SEM image, it was revealed that nano-Fe2O3 and Co3O4 particles with the size of 80–120 nm. Catalytic performance of activated dolomite, Fe2O3 modified dolomite, and Fe2O3-Co3O4 modified dolomite in catalytic ozonation of NH4+ solution was investigated and evaluated. Among 3 tested catalysts, Fe2O3-Co3O4 modified dolomite has the highest NH4+ conversion (96%) and N2 selectivity (77.82%). Selectivity toward N2 over the catalyst was explained on the basis of bond strength M-O in oxides through the standard enthalpy Δ H ° f of oxide. Catalyst with lower Δ H ° f value has higher N2 selectivity and the order is the following: Co3O4 (Δ H ° f of 60 kcal (mole O)) > Fe2O3 (Δ H ° f of 70 kcal (mole O)) > MgO (Δ H ° f of 170 kcal (mole O)). Moreover, high reduction ability of Fe2O3-Co3O4 modified dolomite could improve the N2 selectivity by the reduction of NO3- to N2 gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic contamination of diclofenac (DCF), an emergent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), can result in adverse effects to many ecosystems through biomagnification. Hence, introducing effective remediation techniques to sequester the pharmaceutical wastes is highly fundamental to prevent their accumulation in the environment. Generally, adsorption has been presented as a green and efficient approach. Herein, we report the characterization and application of the novel magnetic nanocomposite (GO@CoFe 2 O 4) derived from cobalt-based ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4) and graphene oxide (GO) for DCF adsorption. For the optimization procedure, the response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to investigate the impacts of DCF concentration (1.6–18.4 mg/L), DCF dosage (0.08–0.92 g/L), and solution pH (2.6–9.4) to find the optimum conditions for DCF removal, at 10.5 mg/L, 0.74 g/L, and pH 4, respectively. For the adsorption experiments, the kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic, and intraparticle diffusion models were systematically studied. Moreover, we have elucidated the role of functional groups on the surface of GO@CoFe 2 O 4 in enhancing the adsorption of DCF drug. With good removal efficiency (up to 86.1%), high maximum adsorption capacity (32.4 mg/g), GO@CoFe 2 O 4 can be a potential candidate to eliminate DCF drug from water. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the characteristics of fly ash which was modified by 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the surfactants after treating with 1M NaOH solution. The change in morphology, specific surface area, crystal structure, and composition of the unmodified and modified fly ash was evaluated by FTIR, XRD, FESEM, BET, and EDX methods and techniques. The FTIR spectra of modified fly ash showed that there was no chemical reaction between the surfactants and fly ash. The XRD patterns and FESEM images indicated that modified fly ash had zeolite structure with a pore size of about 50 nm. Heavy metal ion adsorption behavior as well as adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) of Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions of the unmodified and modified fly ash were also investigated and discussed. The amount of adsorbed ions of the modified fly ash was higher than that of the unmodified fly ash. The calculated results from the adsorption data according to the adsorption isotherm models of the above ions displayed that the Langmuir isotherm model was complied for the Cd2+ adsorption process while the Freundlich isotherm model was fitted for the Hg2+ adsorption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reports a versatile, cost-efficient and ecofriendly protocol for the synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extracts of Quao Binh Chau, Stereospermum binhchauensis and Che Vang, Jasminum subtriplinerve and their application in antibacterial activity and catalysis. The AgNPs with varying morphology and physical properties have been optimized using the absorption measurements. The biogenic AgNPs have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and thermal behaviors. Stable crystalline AgNPs with average particle sizes of 20.0 nm and 8.0 nm were fabricated from aqueous extract of Quao Binh Chau and Che Vang, respectively. The phytochemicals from the extracts involved in reduction and stabilization of AgNPs are identified by FTIR spectra and thermal gravimetric analysis. Both the biosynthesized AgNPs show the potent antibacterial activity against four tested bacterial strains including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. High catalytic activity of the biogenic AgNPs in the degradation of toxic contaminants (4-nitrophenol and methyl orange) was observed. The antibacterial and catalytic activities are found to be size and phytochemical dependent. The antibacterial and catalytic activities of the biogenic nanoparticles would find applications in the biomedical and environmental fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and simple chemical precipitation method was utilized to synthesize FeFe 2 O 4 magnetic nanomaterial for removing methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Characterizations of this material were examined by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TGA-DTG and BET methods. Factors affecting the uptake of methylene blue, including pH, adsorption time, and MB initial concentration were also studied. The measured data were fitted by using four isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Temkin. Results showed that the Sips model offers the best fit to the data. In addition, the monolayer MB adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir model was 42.35 mg g−1 under the optimal conditions of pH = 10 and adsorption time = 80 min. In particular, the uptake of MB onto FeFe 2 O 4 magnetic nanomaterial obtained from the kinetic and mechanism studies of the adsorption was in good agreement with prediction of the pseudo-first-order model, whereas the electrostatic interaction was found to play a primary mechanism. FeFe 2 O 4 magnetic nanomaterial has been synthesized via a fast and simple chemical method at room temperature. Here, the solution of 2.0 g sodium hydroxide was gradually added to the solution of 6.975 g FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O. The obtained mixture was shaken in 5 h at 1000 revolutions per minute (rpm). The reaction solution was changed from light blue to brown-black. Then, the brown-black mixture was dried at 100 °C in 8 h to obtain black FeFe 2 O 4 magnetic nanomaterial, prior to be characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TGA and BET methods. Lastly, this material was utilized as an adsorbent to remove methylene blue from aqueous solution. Image 1 • FeFe 2 O 4 magnetic nanomaterial has been synthesized via a fast and simple chemical method at room temperature. • Characteristics of FeFe 2 O 4 magnetic nanomaterial were investigated by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TGA and BET methods. • This magnetic nanomaterial was utilized as a novel adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. • Electrostatic attraction plays as a primary mechanism for the removal of MB from aqueous solution by FeFe 2 O 4 magnetic nanomaterial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of water temperature on individual and group movement behaviour in prey fish can affect ecological interactions such as competition and predation, but how variability in temperature influence fish behaviour is less understood. Of particular concern is how increased warming in tidally fluctuating estuaries may impact the native and endangered delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus, Osmeridae).To help address this issue, we tested the effects of increased water temperature (fluctuating [17–21°C] and warm [21°C] acclimated treatments) on juvenile delta smelt individual and group behaviour, response to chemical alarm and predator cues, as well as capacity to evade predation. In addition, predation of delta smelt was tested in the presence of a dominant invasive competitor, Mississippi silversides (Menidia beryllina, Atherinopsidae), as well as comparative predation mortality on Mississippi silversides when isolated.After 7 days of increased temperature treatments, delta smelt in the warm treatment increased swimming velocity, decreased turning angle, and altered group structure with larger inter‐individual distances compared to fish in the control (17°C) and fluctuating temperature treatments. Following conspecific and predator chemical alarm cues, delta smelt showed anti‐predator responses. Control and fluctuating treatment fish responded to conspecific cues with increased swimming speeds, decreased inter‐individual distances and near‐neighbour distances, and, after 15 min, fish recovered back to baseline behaviours. In contrast, fish in the warm treatment had not recovered after 15 min, and swimming speeds were maintained at roughly 25 cm/s, close to maximum capabilities. Fish in control and fluctuating treatments showed minimal responses to predator cues, whereas delta smelt exposed to warm conditions significantly increased swimming speeds and decreased turning angle.Predation of delta smelt by largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, Centrarchidae) was greatest under the warm treatment, correlating with altered behaviours of delta smelt; however, predation of Mississippi silversides was greater than delta smelt, independent of temperature.This study provides novel insight into the group behaviour of delta smelt, their response to predation, and how prolonged exposure to elevated temperature may induce negative individual and group behaviours causing alterations in predator–prey dynamics. This work highlights the importance of testing ecologically realistic temperature fluctuations in experiments as delta smelt had significantly altered responses to elevated temperature, dependent on variability of warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel multi-functional nanocomposites were fabricated from polysaccharides, alginate (Alg) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) via the ionotropic gelation mechanism. Different procedures for capping silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were used to synthesize the nanocomposites AgNPs@β-CD/Alg. The aqueous extract of L. indica served as a green reductant for the optimized synthesis of the AgNPs. The AgNPs were incorporated and stabilized by using different β-CD/Alg capping methods, which induced changes in their morphology. The average sizes (10–30 nm) can be controlled by different stabilization agents. The effects of the capping methods were evaluated for the catalytic activity of the degradation reaction of methyl orange. The results demonstrated that the synthetic methods induced an obvious influence on the catalytic efficiency and recyclability. It was demonstrated that the mechanism of AgNPs catalysis relied on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model of heterogeneous catalysis. Moreover, the AgNPs-loaded nanocomposites were studied for silver release in various media and the antibacterial activity against E. coli was evaluated for all samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalent presence of antibiotic compounds (e.g., chloramphenicol [CAP]) in wastewater and effluents without pretreatment can bring adverse impacts on human and animals; therefore, the remediation of these substrates is emergently essential. To synthesize the novel mesoporous carbon for chloramphenicol remediation, we pyrolyzed a species of copper-based metal-organic framework, namely Cu 3 (BTC) 2 (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid), at 700 °C, characterized by several physical analytical techniques, such as X-ray powder diffraction, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, and N 2 adsorption/desorption isotherm measurement. The procedure to optimize the optimum conditions for the removal of CAP was conducted based on investigating three factors including concentration (1.6–18.4 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.08–0.92 g/L), and pH (2.6–9.4). As a consequence, up to 87.6% of chloramphenicol could be removed from water under these conditions. Moreover, the effects of contact time (0–120 min) and concentration (10–40 mg/L), as well as other adsorption kinetic and isotherm models, were vigorously studied. With a relatively high surface area (78.8 m2/g), many functional groups on the surface (2.44 mmoL/g for acidic and base groups), and high maximum adsorption capacity (37.2 mg/g), the mesoporous carbon from Cu 3 (BTC) 2 can be used as an efficient adsorbent for CAP removal from wastewater. • The novel CMC700 was produced from the pyrolysis of Cu 3 (BTC) 2 metal-organic framework. • Response surface methodology was used to optimize chloramphenicol adsorption. • Kinetic and isotherm models for chloramphenicol adsorption over CMC700 were studied. • The maximum adsorption capacity was 37.2 mg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focused on the synthesis of novel NH 2 -PC700 adsorbent through the pyrolysis of NH 2 -MIL-88B (Fe) material under different pyrolysis temperatures (500, 700, and 900 °C) and investigated its application for ciprofloxacin adsorption. The obtained adsorbents were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm measurements. The parameters of the adsorption experiments that affect the removal efficiency, including solution pH (3–10), contact time (0–240 min), and initial concentration (10–40 mg/L), were also studied in detail. For the adsorption kinetic and isotherm studies, nonlinear models combined with error functions such as adjusted coefficient of determination (R adj 2), mean relative error (MRE), and squares of the errors (SSE) were used to evaluate the compatibility between kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and Bangham) and isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevitch) adsorption equations. Besides, the role of amino functionalization for the ciprofloxacin (CFX) adsorption of NH 2 -PC700 adsorbent was also explained. Through the Langmuir model, the maximum CFX adsorption capacity of NH 2 -PC700 was calculated to be 102.5 mg/g, considerably higher than that of NH 2 -MIL-88B (Fe). This outcome suggested that NH 2 -PC700 could be a promising adsorbent for the CFX remediation. • The novel NH 2 -PC700 was synthesized from amino-functionalized metal-organic frameworks. • Nonlinear kinetic and isotherm models were fitted well. • Adsorption behavior obeyed pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models. • The maximum ciprofloxacin adsorption capacity was calculated to be 102.5 mg/g. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]