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STEM education is becoming more and more popular in the world. Vietnam has been performing STEM education in K-12 schools since 2014. However, many teachers have difficulty in teaching STEM, especially in the Northern mountainous area of Vietnam. This study aims to investigate the readiness of primary school teachers for STEM teaching. This research was conducted using a descriptive quantitative method. Data was collected through a survey of 380 primary school teachers in the Northern mountainous area of Vietnam. There are fifteen indicators to measure teacher readiness in teaching STEM. Respondents stated that they were less available to identify learning outcomes and were less prepared in designing learning content of STEM themes. They also have an insufficient understanding of STEM education and related disciplines, and they have additional challenges in deciding the process, planning instructional activities, creating educational facilities, and learning to evaluate student activities. In addition, they were having difficulty identifying STEM themes, designing learning activities, utilizing materials, communicating, and cooperating with students and other instructors. Despite their strong demands and conviction in students' abilities, they were hesitant to teach STEM. The findings suggested that these instructors were not entirely prepared to teach STEM. It is beneficial for elementary school administrators who are adopting STEM in Vietnam.

This article proposes an efficient GO/CoMo3S13 chalcogel heterostructure catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction through the synergetic combination of the active Mo–S–Co bridge sites with shortened charge transport on graphene oxide.

Gluco-conjugated 1H-1,2,3-triazoles having 4H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines are synthesized via click chemistry of N-propargyl-4H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines and glucopyaranosyl azide using CuI@Montmorillonite. Their antibacterial, anti-MRSA, and antifungal activity is probed.

The development of Vietnam's economy in recent years has had positive contributions from the foreign direct investment (FDI) sector to the realization of socio-economic goals. The study found four factors affecting the business performance of FDI enterprises in the renewable energy supply chain: internal environment, user pressure, cooperation with suppliers, and environmental regulations. Synthesized research from 395 survey questionnaires at renewable energy enterprises in Vietnam. High-tech, low-energy businesses and the environmental goods sector can benefit Vietnam's environment and help the country achieve its green growth goals.

While the number of universities in Vietnam has increased dramatically over the past decade, the country's poor quality of higher education has received much attention in recent times. The increasing number of university graduates without jobs and the number of university lecturers switching to other jobs is attracting many studies to find the causes, including public service motivation, job satisfaction, and teaching performance of university lecturers. This study aims to enrich the research literature and examine the role of service motivation as a moderator variable in the relationship between job satisfaction and teaching effectiveness of Vietnamese university lecturers. This study was conducted through a cross-sectional survey using a purposive sampling technique (n=200). Multivariable linear regression analysis and moderator regression were applied to test the proposed research hypotheses. Research results show a positive and significant relationship between satisfaction at work, motivation to serve the public, and teaching effectiveness of Vietnamese university teaching. In particular, public service motivation moderates the relationship between job satisfaction and the teaching performance of university lecturers in this country.

This file contains detailed methods and results and the immune testing protocol

The trophic levels in urban lakes are typically based on the forms of nutrition and phytoplankton communities in the lakes. In this study, comparisons between eutrophication indices and the water quality index (VN-WQI) were used to classify the water quality of 20 lakes in Hanoi, Vietnam. The results showed that the water quality ranged from very bad to poor. High levels of the eutrophication phenomenon in terms of total N and P were observed in all sampling sites. Cyanobacteria was the dominate algae phylum making up 65.78% of the total population, whereas Chlorophyta (including 19 genera) was the most diverse phylum. The density of the algae was 5,000-14,000 cells mL-1 and the chlorophyll-a level was 10-40 µg L-1. Based on this information, the water quality levels in the lakes were classified from eutrophic to polytrophic. The Trophic Status Index (TSI) and Trophic Level Index (TLI) values ​​were 66.9-86.0 and 54.4-76.0 points, respectively, corresponding from eutrophic to extreme-trophic. Classifications based on algae community structure indices were from oligotrophic to eutrophic, similar and consistent with the TLI classifications. According to the results in this study, the TLI was found to be more accurate and precise than the other indices. It is recommended that the TLI is an applicable tool to classify eutrophication in urban lakes.

Two new compounds, adinandrolide (1) and adipoiloside (2), together with twelve known compounds 3–14, were isolated and identified from Adinandra poilanei leaves. In the α-glucosidase activity evaluation, compounds 5–7 and 10 strongly inhibited enzyme activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.29 ± 0.03 μg/mL to 3.13 ± 0.07 μg/mL. Compounds 9, 11, and 13–14 showed significant inhibition with IC50 values of 13.01 ± 0.32 μg/mL to 16.00 ± 0.35 μg/mL, while adipoiloside (2) displayed moderate inhibitory activity. In addition, pomolic acid (10) showed strong cytotoxicity against four tested cancer cell lines.

In this paper, we introduce a generalization of the well-known CS condition. We say an -module is a - if every complement is isomorphic to a summand. We prove that if is a right CIS-ring right FGF ring, then is a quasi-Frobenius ring, and if is a right CIS-ring right CF ring, then is a right artinian ring. New characterizations of quasi-Frobenius rings are provided by using CIS-rings. Moreover, many of the important propositions related to CS-rings are generalized to CIS-rings also presented.

The current report describes the chemical investigation and biological activity of extracts produced by three fungal strains Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium simplicissimum, and Fusarium proliferatum isolated from the roots of Piper nigrum L. growing in Vietnam. These fungi were namely determined by morphological and DNA analyses. GC-MS identification revealed that the EtOAc extracts of these fungi were associated with the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. These EtOAc extracts showed cytotoxicity towards cancer cell line HepG2, inhibited various microbacterial organisms, especially fungus Aspergillus niger and yeast Candida albicans (the MIC values of 50-100 µg/mL). In α-glucosidase inhibitory assay, they induced the IC50 values of 1.00-2.53 µg/mL were better than positive control acarbose (169.80 µg/mL). The EtOAc extract of F. oxysporum also showed strong anti-inflammatory activity against NO production and PGE-2 level. Four major compounds linoleic acid (37.346%), oleic acid (27.520%), palmitic acid (25.547%), and stearic acid (7.030%) from the EtOAc extract of F. oxysporum were selective in molecular docking study, by which linoleic and oleic acids showed higher binding affinity towards α-glucosidase than palmitic and stearic acids. In subsequent docking assay with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid could be moderate inhibitors.

Addressing the fact that studies on self-care of Vietnamese middle-aged women remain scarse, our presenting study aims to investigate the relationship between supportive resources utilized by Vietnamese middle-aged women and their types of self-care. Data were collected from survey interview with 512 middle-aged women (aged from 40 to 60 years old) in Hanoi city and Quang Ninh province. A series of linear regression was performed on the six types of self-care, including: physical care, supportive relationships, mindful awareness, self-compassion & purpose, mindful relaxation, and supportive structure. Three types of supportive resources and other covariates (age, education, and residence area) were entered into these models as key predictors. The study results show that the use of different level of resources was associated with different types of self-care practice. The use of micro-resource system significantly predicted all six types of self-care among Vietnamese middle-aged women. The mesenchymal and peripheral resource systems significantly predicted physical care only among Vietnamese middled-age women. The macro resource system was significantly associated with the practice of mind-relaxing and supportive structure. In addition, people who were older, had better education and lived in urban areas tended to participate more in physical care. Women with a higher education level and living in urban areas were predicted to utilize more supportive relationships and mindful relaxation. Women living in urban areas, having a higher level of education practiced mindful relaxation significantly more than their counterparts. Using more supportive structure was significantly more among women living in urban areas, in older age groups and having higher education levels. The key findings suggest the promotion of active support from the micro-level system, as well as advocate for social policy development to help less privileged groups of women access and use mezzo and macro resources more effectively.

This study aims at investigating the relationship between learning styles and academic achievement in Physics of high school students in Thai Nguyen city, Vietnam. In this study, we selected a simple random sample consisting of students attending high schools located in Thai Nguyen city (Luong Ngoc Quyen High School, Iron Steel High School, Thai Nguyen High School; Duong Tu Minh High School; Ngo Quyen High School; Luong the Vinh High School; Dao Duy Tu High School) from 2019-2020; 2020-2021. This study used the formula for sample size calculation developed by Watson (2001), our population size is 307 students. This study used an online questionnaire survey method using Google form and Zalo form. Survey was conducted from April 2019 to May 2021. The result implied that different learning styles accompanied with learning setting can contribute greatly to students’ academic achievement.

Background:: Helicteres hirsuta has been used traditionally as a useful agent for hepatoprotective treatment. The aim of the current study is to isolate chemical constituents from the EtOAc extract of H. hirsuta stem and evaluate the capacity of the isolated compounds against hydroperoxide damaged rat liver cells. Methods:: Column chromatography was used for phytochemical isolation whereas MTT method was applied for intracellular antioxidative assay Results:: Phytochemical analysis of the EtOAc extract of H. hirsuta stem led to the isolation and determination of four triterpenoids betulin (1), bentulinic acid (2), alphitolic acid (3), and oleanolic acid (4), together with two steroids stigmast-4-ene-6β-ol-3-one (5), and β-sitostenone (6), whereas EtOAc extract of its leaf was composed of three steroids cucurbitacin D (11), cucurbitacin I (12), and simiarenol (13), four flavonoids tiliroside (14), potengriffioside A (15), kaempferide (16), and isokaempferide (17), along with two carotenoids lutelin (18), and β-carotene (19). Isolated compounds 3, 5, 6, 16, and 17 were found in genus Helicteres for the first time, while carotenoids 18, and 19 were never isolated from family Sterculiaceae before. Phytochemicals derived H. hirsuta species are also useful agents for antioxidative drugs, e.g, flavonol 17 induced the significant EC50 value of 22.24 ± 0.14 μg/mL, as compared with that of positive control curcumin (EC50 19.33 ± 0.77 μg/mL), against hydroperoxide damaged rat liver cells. Conclusion:: Antioxidative activity of the EtOAc extract of H. hirsuta stem against hydroperoxide is mostly based on the role of flavonoids.

The improvement of investment environment and the enhancement of provincial competitiveness is the important development strategies of all provinces and cities in Vietnam. The PCI index is an objective and honest reflection of the investment environment of each locality, so raising this index is also an effort in improving the investment environment. This article focuses on analyzing and evaluating the competitiveness and investment environment of Thai Nguyen province through the PCI index and its components. Some solutions have been proposed to improve PCI as well as the investment environment of the province in the coming time.

The study to calculate the water quality index was conducted in the Gulf of Tonkin at the surface water in August 2018. The calculation results showed that out of 48 surveyed points, there was 1 point in the Northeast area at poor water quality, 15 points in the Northeast and coastal areas from Thanh Hoa to Thua Thien Hue at medium water quality, 14 points in the Gulf of Tonkin, Northeast and Con Co Island at good water quality, the remaining 18 points in the Gulf of Tonkin and Bach Long Vi Island at excellent water quality. Overall, the average water quality of the whole region was good (average WQI = 79). Considering each area, the Gulf of Tonkin area had good and excellent water quality, the Northeast had water quality from poor to good level, the coastal areas from Thanh Hoa to Thua Thien Hue had medium water quality, Con Co Island area had good water quality, Bach Long Vi Island area had excellent water quality.

Objectives of the study: Evaluate the effectiveness of lectures designed and apply teaching methods for Grade 10 Physics. Research Methods: We conducted research with 81 students (Grade 10). Tools used include: lesson plans teach knowledge about the movement of the thrown object and are taught over a 2-week period. We first design the scientific progression diagram for the teaching activity, and the next is a process for specific teaching about the motion of the thrown object. To evaluate the research results, we use a carefully designed Rubric to evaluate the physics teaching process in the way that I propose. Research results: I find that students are excited about this teaching method, they are interested in examining knowledge, applying knowledge to solving situations in life, narrowing the gap between theory and real life, and increase students' motivation and flexibility in problem solving.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS

OBJECTIVES Fibrinolytic shutdown is associated with poor prognosis in adult sepsis, but data in the pediatric population are sparse. This study aimed to identify the association between impaired fibrinolysis and mortality in pediatric septic shock. DESIGN A prospective, observational study conducted between August 2019 and August 2020. SETTING PICU at a pediatric tertiary hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. PATIENTS Fifty-six pediatric patients who met septic shock criteria were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Conventional coagulation tests and rotational thromboelastometry were performed at diagnosis. The fibrinolytic activity on extrinsic pathway thromboelastometry was negatively correlated with the Vasoactive-Inotropic Score at 24 hours post-PICU admission, peak lactate level during the first 24 hours, Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score, and Pediatric Risk of Mortality-III score (all p < 0.05). Compared with patients with nonovert disseminated intravascular coagulation, dysfunction of less than two organs, and who survived, patients with overt disseminated intravascular coagulation, dysfunction of greater than two organs, and who died showed significantly lower fibrinolytic activity, represented by significantly higher lysis indexes (%) and lower maximum lysis (%) (all p < 0.05). The threshold values for prediction of mortality were lysis index 60 minutes greater than 97.5 (area under the curve = 0.86; sensitivity = 73%; specificity = 90%), maximum lysis less than 6.5 (area under the curve = 0.83; sensitivity = 73%; specificity = 87%), and lysis index 45 minutes greater than 99.5 (area under the curve = 0.83; sensitivity = 73%; specificity = 85%). Hypofibrinolysis was associated with prolonged PICU length of stay in survivors and with early mortality in nonsurvivors. CONCLUSIONS Fibrinolytic shutdown in pediatric septic shock is associated with an increase in disease severity and mortality. This highlights the need for further investigations regarding whether fibrinolytic therapy improved the outcome of pediatric septic shock.

A cross - sectional study was conducted in 63 provinces/cities in Vietnam with the aim to describe the measles/rubella surveillance results in the 2010 - 2019 period. All data reported in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) Report in the period 2010 - 2019. Overall measles/rubella surveillance results showed that almost all regions of the country had achieved the detection target of suspected measles/rubella cases of ≥ 2/100,000 population, while the proportion of suspected measles/rubella cases surveyed and sampled nationwide was 57.7 % and 39.6%, respectively, which did not meet the standards set by World Health Organization (WHO). The proportion of measles/rubella cases surveyed differed signifcantly between regions (χ2 3df = 3500, p < 0.001), with the highest in the Central (80.3%) and the lowest in the Highlands (45.0%). Sampling rates on the number of suspected cases varied between regions (χ2 3df = 1600, p < 0.001). To achieve the measles/rubella elimination goal, standard surveillance system plays an important role in providing valuable information for disease prevention and control.

Searching for bioactive agents from Vietnamese plants, nine compounds, including five nor-lignan-type benzofurans 1–5, two lignans 6 and 7, one sterol 8 and one triterpenoid 9 were separated from Styrax argentifolius for the first time. 5-((E)-2-Carboxyvinyl)-7-methoxy-2-(3′,4′-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzofuran (1) and 5-carboxy-7-methoxy-2-(3′,4′-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzofuran (2) were new benzofurans in nature. Sterol (20R)-24-ethylcholest-5,22-dien-7-one (8) and triterpenoid 2α,3α,24-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (9) were isolated from the genus Styrax for the first time. Egonol (3) showed potential IC50 values of 18.15–22.11 μg/mL against three cancer cell lines KB, HepG2 and Lu, while the IC50 values of new compound 1, (–)-machicendiol (4), and triterpenoid 9 were comparable with that of the positive control acarbose (IC50 118.43 ± 2.44 μg/mL) in α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. Styrax benzofurans and triterpenoids show cytotoxic and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The activities of benzofurans 1 and 3–5 were due to the effect of propyl side chains at carbon C-5.