Search

Your search keyword '"Newell, Karl M."' showing total 1,188 results
Start Over Author "Newell, Karl M."
1,188 results on '"Newell, Karl M."'

106. Exploration of the Specificity of Motor Skills Hypothesis in 7-8 Year Old Primary School Children: Exploring the Relationship Between 12 Different Motor Skills From Two Different Motor Competence Test Batteries

Author

Sigmundsson, Hermundur, Newell, Karl M, Polman, Remco, Haga, Monika, Sigmundsson, Hermundur, Newell, Karl M, Polman, Remco, and Haga, Monika

Abstract

This study examined the specificity hypothesis by examining the association between two specific motor competence test batteries [Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) and Test of Motor Competence (TMC)] in a sample of young children. In addition, we explored the factorial structure of the MABC and TMC. A total of 80 children participated in the study (38 girls and 42 boys) with a mean chronological age of 7.9 years (SD 0.55). The correlation between total score MABC and total z-score TMC was r = 0.46. In general, low pair-wise correlations (r 2 < 0.20) between the different motor tasks were found. The highest correlation was between the placing bricks and building bricks r = 0.45 (TMC); the stork balance and jumping in squares r = 0.45 (MABC). These low pair-wise relations of items are consistent with findings from younger and older children's age-related motor competence test batteries. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that the 1st component accommodated 25% of the variance and was dominated in the top five variable weightings by items of the MABC test; whereas the 2nd component accommodated 12% of the variance with the higher weightings all from the TMC test. The findings provide evidence with children for specificity rather than generality in learning motor skills a viewpoint that has predominantly been driven by adult learning studies. The PCA revealed that the MABC and TMC are testing different properties of children's motor competence though in both cases the variance accounted for is relatively modest, but generally higher than the motor item pair-wise correlation.

Published
2021

121. Influence of augmented feedback on coordination strategies

Author

Ranganathan, Rajiv and Newell, Karl M.

Subjects
Feedback (Psychology) -- Physiological aspects, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

ABSTRACT. The authors examined the influence of knowledge of results (KR) and concurrent feedback (ConFB) on coordination strategies in learning a 2-finger discrete force-production task. In Experiment 1, 4 groups [...]

Published
2009

127. Age-related loss of adaptability to fast time scales in motor variability

Author

Sosnoff, Jacob J. and Newell, Karl M.

Subjects
Aging -- Influence, Aging -- Health aspects, Aging -- Psychological aspects, Adjustment (Psychology) -- Evaluation, Aged -- Psychological aspects, Perceptual-motor processes -- Evaluation, Adjustment (Psychology) in old age -- Evaluation, Health, Psychology and mental health, Seniors
Abstract

We investigated the ability of older adults to intentionally adapt their sensorimotor output to differing time and frequency properties (1/f noise structure) of a target-force target waveform. We tested the hypothesis that elderly adults are less adaptable than their younger counterparts to the time- and frequency-dependent demands of continuous sensorimotor output and that this effect is mediated by the frequency content of the task demand. The results showed that older adults were progressively less able than young adults to approximate the lighter-color-noise force targets and utilize the information in the higher frequencies of the target signal. There is a declining ability with aging to use the faster time scales of sensorimotor control, but the particular directional effect of the loss or gain of complexity of force output is moderated by the differential impact of task demands. Key Words: Aging--Force variability--Adaptation--Time scales.

Published
2008

131. Assessing the Temporal Organization of Walking Variability: A Systematic Review and Consensus Guidelines on Detrended Fluctuation Analysis

Author

Ravi, Deepak K., Marmelat, Vivien, Taylor, William R., Newell, Karl M., Stergiou, Nick, and Singh, Navrag

Subjects
Parkinson disease, fractal temporal structures, detrended fluctuation analysis, long-range correlations, lcsh:QP1-981, Physiology, aging, stride interval variability, fractal fluctuations, Systematic Review, Fractal fluctuations, Fractal temporal structures, Gait variability, Stride interval variability, Detrended fluctuation analysis, Long-range correlations, Aging, lcsh:Physiology, gait variability
Abstract

Human physiological signals are inherently rhythmic and have a hallmark feature in that even distant intrasignal measurements are related to each other. This relationship is termed long-range correlation and has been recognized as an indicator of the optimal state of the observed physiological systems, among which the locomotor system. Loss of long-range correlations has been found as a result of aging as well as disease, which can be evaluated with detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Recently, DFA and the scaling exponent α have been employed for understanding the degeneration of temporal regulation of human walking biorhythms in, for example, Parkinson disease (PD). However, heterogeneous evidence on scaling exponent α values reported in the literature across different population groups has put into question what constitutes a healthy physiological pattern. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the functional thresholds of scaling exponent α in young vs. older adults, as well as between patients with PD and age-matched asymptomatic controls. Aging and PD exhibited a negative effect size (i.e., led to decreased long-range correlations) of −0.20 and −0.53, respectively. Our meta-analysis based on 14 studies provides evidence that a mean scaling exponent α threshold of 0.86 [2 standard error (0.76, 0.96)] is able to optimally discriminate temporal organization of stride interval between young and old, whereas 0.82 (0.72, 0.92) differentiates patients with PD and age-matched asymptomatic controls. The optimal thresholds presented in this review together with the consensus guidelines for using DFA might allow a more sensitive and reliable application of this metric for understanding human walking physiology than has been achieved to date., Frontiers in Physiology, 11, ISSN:1664-042X

Published
2020

135. Snoddy (1926) revisited: time scales of motor learning

Author

Stratton, Shannon M., Liu, Yeou-Teh, Hong, Siang Lee, Mayer-Kress, Gottfried, and Newell, Karl M.

Subjects
Motor learning -- Research, Motor ability -- Evaluation, Time perspective -- Influence, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

ABSTRACT. The authors investigated the time scales of the learning of a mirror-tracing task to reexamine G. S. Snoddy's (1926) original claim and the received theoretical view (A. Newell & [...]

Published
2007

144. Information entropy and the variability of space-time movement error

Author

Lai, Shih-Chiung, Mayer-Kress, Gottfried, and Newell, Karl M.

Subjects
Entropy (Physics) -- Research, Space and time -- Research, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

ABSTRACT. The authors investigated the effects of movement time and movement distance on the information entropy and variability of spatial and temporal error in a discrete aiming movement. In Experiment [...]

Published
2006

145. The generalization of perceptual-motor intra-individual variability in young and old adults

Author

Sosnoff, Jacob J. and Newell, Karl M.

Subjects
Young adults -- Psychological aspects, Young adults -- Research, Aged -- Research, Aged -- Psychological aspects, Perceptual-motor learning -- Research, Health, Psychology and mental health, Seniors
Abstract

We examined the generalizability of intra-individual perceptual-motor variability in young and old adults. Participants completed four motor tasks that all required the maintenance of a steady state: finger tremor, and single-digit, two-digit, and three-digit isometric force production. Older adults had a greater amount of variability and an increased time and frequency structure of variability, except in the tremor task. There was a moderate association between the magnitudes of variability across tasks in the oldest age group, but the structural measures of variability were more highly related across tasks and the strength of this relationship increased with age. These findings support the hypothesis that older adults are less able than younger adults to adapt the structure of their perceptual-motor variability to task demands.

Published
2006

146. Aging, visual intermittency, and variability in isometric force output

Author

Sosnoff, Jabob J. and Newell, Karl M.

Subjects
Aging -- Analysis, Visual perception -- Psychological aspects, Visual perception -- Analysis, Health, Psychology and mental health, Seniors
Abstract

We tested the hypothesis that increases in minimal visual motor processing (VMP) time in older adults contribute to age-related increases in force variability. We manipulated the intermittency rate of visual information feedback over a 100-fold range as young (20-29 years old) and old (60-79 years old) participants produced isometric force output to a visually presented target. The force output of the old adults was more variable and more structured, and the old adults had an increase in minimal VMP time compared with the young adults. However, there was no significant relation between VMP time and force variability. We propose that the age-related changes in variability are a reflection of information-processing capacity limitations and not a decrement in minimal VMP time.

Published
2006

150. Intermittency of visual information and the frequency of rhythmical force production

Author

Sosnoff, Jacob J. and Newell, Karl M.

Subjects
Visual perception -- Case studies, Motor ability -- Case studies, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

ABSTRACT. The authors examined the influence of intermittent (40-5,000 ms) visual information on the control of rhythmical isometric force output (0.5, 2.0, and 4.0 Hz) in 10 participants. Force variability [...]

Published
2005

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results