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Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-15T00:42:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ASB781.pdf: 1377987 bytes, checksum: f1fba4fa4c33d727b70aca67650adb45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

International audience; A vast amount of biomedical information is available in the form of scientific literature and government-authored patient information documents. While English is the most widely used language in many of these sources, there is a need to provide access to health information in languages other than English. Parallel corpora can be leveraged to implement cross-lingual information retrievalor machine translation tools. Herein, we review the extent of parallel corpus coverage in the biomedical domain. Specifically, we perform a scoping review of existing resources and we describe the recent development of new datasets for scientific literature (the EDP dataset and an extension of the Scielo corpus) and clinical trials (the ReBEC corpus). These corpora are currently beingused in the biomedical task in the Conference on Machine Translation (WMT’16 and WMT’17), which illustrates their potential for improving and evaluating biomedical machine translation systems. Furthermore, we suggest additional applications for multilingual natural language processing using these resources, and plan to extend resource coverage to additional text genres and language pairs.

We provide the first study on the diversity and community of parasites in Astronotus crassipinnis from the lower Amazon River, in Brazil. Of 35 hosts examined, 100% were infected with one or more species of parasites, such as Gussevia asota, Gussevia astronoti, Gussevia rogersi, Posthodiplostomum sp., Contracaecum sp., Gorytocephalus sp. and Dolops longicauda. Gussevia asota, G. astronoti and G. rogersi were dominant, and, in total, 9788 parasites were collected. The richness of parasite species (4.9±0.7), Brillouin diversity (0.46±0.28) and evenness (0.29±0.17) were low. Parasites had aggregated dispersion, parasitism did not affect the host condition factor, and host size did not influence abundance, species richness and parasite diversity. The parasitic fauna was characterized by the presence of few species of parasites with high prevalence and low abundance, specifically the endoparasites, besides dominance of ectoparasites. The presence of endoparasites indicates that the diet of A. crassipinnis consists mostly of mollusks and microcrustaceans. This fish species is an intermediate host for Posthodiplostomum sp., Contracaecum sp. and Gorytocephalus sp., parasites found in larval stage. Finally, the behavior and availability of infective stages, which are intermediate hosts for endoparasites, were factors structuring the communities of endoparasites. Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-05T01:19:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAFAP2018ParasitescommunityofAstronotuscrassipinnis.pdf: 414098 bytes, checksum: 775587b931dbf29a4e47992ad3a33549 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-04

This study compared the structure and composition of the parasite communities in Callichthys callichthys and Megalechis thoracata of a tributary of the Amazon River system, northern Brazil. A total of 447 parasites was collected from 38 specimens of each host, and 44.7% and 36.8% of fish species respectively were found to be infected with 1 or more species of parasite. The similarity in parasite assemblages between hosts was high (61%) with both infected at similar levels by Genarchella genarchella, larvae of Eustrongylides sp., Rhabdochona sp. and plerocercoids of Proteocephalidae. However, the dominant parasites found in C. callichthys were metacercariae of Posthodiplostomum sp., which did not infect M. thoracata. In M. thoracata the dominant parasite was G. genarchella, and this host species was also infected by Gorytocephalus spectabilis which did not infect C. callichthys. The parasite communities were dominated by endoparasites, and species richness of parasites, Shannon diversity index and evenness were similar for both hosts. The results indicate that these fish species are intermediate hosts of the endohelminths found. Finally, the variation in the parasite community between sympatric hosts occurred probably due to the hosts? distribution in the environment and the diet of each host species. Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-15T00:37:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAFAP2018Diversityandsimilarityoftheparasites.pdf: 2091749 bytes, checksum: 6780109b2d842659f1436dd5b3259704 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-14

Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) is an Amazonian Forest species, which is acknowledged for the commercialization of its almonds. It is an endangered species, fact that reinforces the need of conducting conservation studies. Molecular markers are tools that may be used in conservation studies and the primordial stage preceding the use of molecular markers lies on DNA extraction. A well-designed protocol allows isolating DNA in sufficient amount and quality to conduct molecular studies. Thus, the aim of the current study is to adapt a total DNA extraction protocol to be applied to Brazil nut plants. Tests were conducted at different CTAB (2% and 4%) and β-Mercaptoethanol (0.2%, 0.8% and 1.4%) concentrations; washes using chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (CIA) were performed (one or two washes). The extraction products were confirmed in 0.8% agarose gel and quantified in spectrophotometer (in ng μL-1). Plant tissue (vascular cambium and leaf) was collected from 30 Brazil nut individuals in order to confirm the efficiency of the protocol adapted to the species. Samples were subjected to PCR amplification using 10 microsatellite markers. CTAB and β-Mercaptoethanol at concentrations 4% and 0.2%, respectively, along with one wash using CIA, showed the best results when the quality of the extracted material was assessed through its absorbance ratios. The vascular cambium oxidized more easily than the leaf during the DNA isolation process. Thus, it is essential taking some precautions at the time to handle it during collection and storage to assure process efficiency. Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-19T00:37:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018cpamtaisybaldoniprotocoladaptationbrazilbertholletiadnaextraction.pdf: 416181 bytes, checksum: 3d37375d5e9a29db74a4e819babc45ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-18

Knowing the mating patterns is important to determine the number of trees necessary for seed collection for conservation ex situ, tree breeding and environmental reforestation purposes. We investigated B. excelsa individuals and fruits, to check mating system index variations in a population by using open-pollinated seeds which were hierarchically sampled within and among fruits from nine trees genotyped for ten microsatellite loci. Outcrossing rate ( tm ) changed between trees (0.49?1.0) and fruits (0.53?1.0), but seeds were predominantly produced by outcrossing (0.92) at mean population level. Mating between related trees ( tm  ts ) was detected in six trees (0.04?0.08) and in 32 fruits in trees (0.03?0.22), thus it suggests that the population presented some related trees in our intra-population spatial genetic structure. Individual fixation index values of seed trees ( Fm ) were lower than the seedling fixation index values ( o F ), fact that suggests the selection against inbred individuals between the seed and adult stages. The correlated mating showed that seeds sampled at population level were predominantly composed of half-sibs (66%) and full-sibs (20%). Paternity correlation was significantly higher within (p(w) r ) than among ( p(a) r ) fruits at population level, mostly in individual trees. Results evidenced that mating was not random due to self-fertilization, to mating between related trees and correlated mating, and families comprised different relatedness levels such as half-sibs, full-sibs, self-sibs and self-half-sibs; some cases, mating presented inbreeding. These results were addressed to discuss strategies for seed collection applied to conservation ex situ, tree breeding and environmental reforestation. Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T00:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018aisybaldonihierarchicaloutcrossingfruitsbertholletiapollinated.pdf: 586438 bytes, checksum: 5b4ea46feb6f25ffc5ac5ec1b7449bfc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-26 Article gmr16039872.

The aim of this study was to investigate the component communities of parasites in Chaetobranchus flavescens from a tributary of the Amazon River system, northern Brazil. Out of 39 fish examined, 1,124,710 parasites were collected, such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare (Protozoa), Gussevia spilocirra, Gussevia elephus (Monogenea), metacercariae of Clinostomum marginatum and Posthodiplostomum sp. (Digenea), Pseudoproleptus sp. larvae. (Nematoda), Echinorhynchus paranensis, Gorytocephalus spectabilis (Acanthocephala), Braga patagonica (Isopoda) and leeches Glossiphonidae (Hirudinea). However, I. multifiliis was the dominant and abundant species, while B. patagonica and Hirudinea gen. sp. were the least prevalent and abundant parasites. These parasites had an aggregate dispersion, with mean richness of 4.7 ± 1.5 per fish, Brillouin diversity of 0.32 ± 0.29 and evenness of 0.15 ± 0.13. No correlation between the length and the parasite species richness and the Brillouin diversity was found, as well as regarding host size and abundance of parasites. Body condition of the hosts was not affected by the moderate parasitism. The low diversity of endoparasites indicates that C. flavescens is a host with low position in the food web. Finally, this was the first study on parasites of C. flavescens. Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-27T00:35:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAFAP2018ParasitescommunityinChaetobranchus.pdf: 2778303 bytes, checksum: 7631c6c6e8c66d084463c2088778951e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-26

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:42:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 Objective The aim of this study was to compare the differences in the levels of physical activity practiced during the weekdays and weekends in obese postmenopausal women. Method 117 post-menopausal women aged between 50 and 79 were evaluated. To estimate the percentage of body fat the Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry was used. The assessment of physical activity level was obtained using a tri-axial accelerometer. Results There was a significant increase in physical activity-light and a significant decrease in physical activity moderate, vigorous, moderate–vigorous and overall number of counts at the weekend compared to the weekdays. The physical activity moderate–vigorous reduced by an average of 38.6% (p

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the differences in the levels of physical activity practiced during the weekdays and weekends in obese postmenopausal women. Method: 117 post-menopausal women aged between 50 and 79 were evaluated. To estimate the percentage of body fat the Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry was used. The assessment of physical activity level was obtained using a tri-axial accelerometer. Results: There was a significant increase in physical activity-light and a significant decrease in physical activity moderate, vigorous, moderate-vigorous and overall number of counts at the weekend compared to the weekdays. The physical activity moderate-vigorous reduced by an average of 38.6% (p < 0.001) at the weekend compared to the weekdays. Conclusion: Obese post-menopausal women presented decreasing physical activity moderate, vigorous, moderate-vigorous and overall number of counts at the weekends compared to the weekdays and an increase in physical activity light.

A castanheira-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) é uma espécie que apresenta barreiras em seu processo germinativo, sendo este considerado lento e desuniforme. Essas barreiras dificultam a produção de mudas, sendo um entrave na cadeia produtiva da espécie. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a uniformidade da germinação das sementes e o desenvolvimento inicial de progênies provenientes de diferentes árvores de castanheira-do-brasil, visando selecionar matrizes promissoras para a produção de mudas. Para isso, foram coletados 98 frutos provenientes de nove matrizes, previamente selecionadas no centro de uma parcela permantente, de uma população natural em Itaúba, MT. As sementes desses frutos foram plantadas em caixas de areia, e avaliados o número de dias para a germinação, o diâmetro do coleto e a altura da planta, sendo as duas últimas características avaliadas quatro semanas após a germinação. Estes dados foram utilizados para a obtenção de uma matriz de dissimilaridade, com base na distância euclidiana média, que posteriormente foi utilizada para agrupamento das plantas pelo método de otimização de Tocher. Todas as análises foram realizadas no programa Genes®. As progênies apresentaram uma germinação lenta e desuniforme, sendo que a primeira germinou aos 53 dias, e a última, aos 456 dias após o plantio. O método de agrupamento dividiu as progênies em 27 grupos, demonstrando grande variabilidade e desuniformidade, onde progênies provenientes de sementes de uma mesma árvore matriz estiveram alocadas em grupos distintos. O número de dias para a germinação foi a característica que conferiu maior contribuição relativa (0,99) para a diversidade observada entre progênies. As variações no número de dias para germinação, no diâmetro do coleto e na altura das plantas nas fases iniciais de desenvolvimento são controlados principalmente por fatores ambientais em castanheira-do-brasil. Progênies oriundas de uma mesma árvore matriz apresentaram diferenças no número de dias para a germinação e desenvolvimento inicial, demonstrando que coletar sementes de uma mesma árvore não garante a homogeneidade da germinação e desenvolvimento inicial das plantas. Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-06T23:40:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017cpamtaisytardinprogeniesdiferetnesmatrizescastanhaquantogerminacao.pdf: 518406 bytes, checksum: 440ff3fdccb5481824ddaeb1270dea43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-06

This study investigated the parasitic fauna of Cichlasoma bimaculatum of a tributary from the Amazon River system, northern Brazil. The prevalence of infection was 94.6 % and, in total, 428 267 parasites, such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare (Protozoa), Gussevia arilla (Monogenoidea), Posthodiplostomum sp. (Digenea) and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus (Nematoda) were collected. However, the dominance was mainly of I. multifiliis, while P. (S.) inopinatus was the parasite species with the lower levels of prevalence and abundance of infection. These parasite species showed an aggregated dispersion pattern. The parasitic fauna was characterized by the presence of few species of parasites with high prevalence and abundance, specifically ectoparasites, and a low number of endoparasites. The observed pattern is explained by the mode of life of the host and it is suggested that C. bimaculatum occupies a low trophic level at the food web.

This study investigated the metazoan parasite fauna in Peckoltia braueri and Pterygoplichthys pardalis from a tributary of the Amazon River system, in northern Brazil. In P. braueri, 630 parasites were collected, belonging to Unilatus unilatus, Nothogyrodactylus sp., Genarchella genarchella, Proteocephalus sp., Gorytocephalus elongorchis, Dolops longicauda and Hirudinea gen. sp., with a dominance of monogenean species. In P. pardalis, 120 parasites were collected, belonging to U. unilatus, Acanthostomum gnerii and Gorytocephalus elongorchis, and this acanthocephalan was the dominant species. In both hosts, the parasites presented clumped distribution, high prevalence, low abundance, low Shannon diversity, and low species richness, with a predominance of helminth species. In P. braueri, host length was positively correlated with parasite species richness and Shannon index. There was no difference in the body condition of parasitized and non-parasitized fishes in either host. This was the first report of these parasites in P. braueri and P. pardalis.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar 50 genótipos de teca com base em marcadores moleculares ISSR. Dentre os genótipos estudados, 12 eram árvores candidatas, 36 vizinhas às candidatas e 02 árvores consideradas superiores com base no fenótipo, segundo a avaliação dos produtores. Esses genótipos foram propagados via seminal e possuem de 10 a 12 anos em campo. Para tal estudo foram coletadas em campo folhas jovens e expandidas de cada genótipo. O DNA total foi extraído e as amplificações foram feitas via PCR com 12 primers ISSR, previamente selecionados. As amostras foram aplicadas em gel de agarose 1,5% e submetidas à corrida de eletroforese. Para visualização dos produtos amplificados, o gel foi corado com brometo de etídeo e fotodocumentados em transiluminador UV. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o programa POPGENE 1.31 e os parâmetros de diversidade foram estimados. As análises de dissimilaridade foram estimadas pelo Índice de Jaccard e a construção do dendrograma foi feita com base no método UPGMA. Paralelamente, foi realizada a análise fenotípica de dados morfológicos referentes às árvores candidatas pela análise multicategórica. Todas as análises foram realizadas com auxílio do Programa Genes. Os 12 primers amplificaram 56 fragmentos. Para o índice de conteúdos polimórfico, os iniciadores UBC 841, UBC 857 e UBC 807 proporcionaram maiores valores, 0,329, 0,327 e 0,303, respectivamente. A diversidade genética das árvores candidatas (H = 0,1601 e I = 0,2301) foi similar à das vizinhas (H = 0,1507; I = 0,2178). O dendrograma gerado pelo método UPGMA formou 14 grupos, enquanto que no agrupamento com base em Tocher, 15 grupos foram formados. Quanto à análise fenotípica, a variável que mais contribuiu para a diversidade foi a formação de catana. Esses resultados refletem que há variabilidade entre os genótipos. Nota-se, portanto, a necessidade da ampliação da variabilidade do material, através da introdução de genótipos de diferentes procedências e não relacionados geneticamente. Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-29T23:38:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Variabilidadegenetica4.pdf: 473548 bytes, checksum: 08c4fa04d606d0b94852703edd0dc418 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-08

The aim of this study was to investigate parasites crustacean fauna in Arapaima gigas, Cichla monoculus, Cichla ocellaris, Cichla jariina, Satanoperca jurupari, Leporinus friderici, Leporinus fasciatus, Hoplias malabaricus, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus, Serrasalmus altispinis, Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum and Potamotrygon motoro of the State Amapa´ and Para´, in northern Brazil. A total of 242 parasites, including Argulus elongatus, Argulus multicolor, Argulus juparanaensis, Argulus nattereri, Dolops discoidalis, Dolops longicauda, Braga patagonica, Braga fluviatilis, Livoneca guianensis and undetermined Lernaeidae, were collected from these hosts. The Argulus species had the greatest richness among the community of parasitic crustaceans. There was a low abundance of parasites among the hosts, other than D. discoidalis, was most abundant in the integument of A. gigas and P. tigrinum. Finally, the present study reported nine new hosts for the crustacean parasite species and expanded knowledge of the occurrence of some parasite species in the Jari River basin, in eastern Amazon.