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Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) has been considered as a panacea for positioning and tracking since the last decade. However, it suffers from severe limitations in terms of accuracy, particularly in highly cluttered and indoor environments. Though real-time kinematics (RTK) supported GNSS promises extremely accurate localisation, employing such services are expensive, fail in occluded environments and are unavailable in areas where cellular base stations are not accessible. It is, therefore, necessary that the GNSS data is to be filtered if high accuracy is required. Thus, this article presents a GNSS-based particle filter that exploits the spatial constraints imposed by the environment. In the proposed setup, the state prediction of the sample set follows a restricted motion according to the topological map of the environment. This results in the transition of the samples getting confined between specific discrete points, called the topological nodes, defined by a topological map. This is followed by a refinement stage where the full set of predicted samples goes through weighting and resampling, where the weight is proportional to the predicted particle's proximity with the GNSS measurement. Thus, a discrete space continuous-time Bayesian filter is proposed, called the Topological Particle Filter (TPF).The proposed TPF is put to test by localising and tracking fruit pickers inside polytunnels. Fruit pickers inside polytunnels can only follow specific paths according to the topology of the tunnel. These paths are defined in the topological map of the polytunnels and are fed to TPF to tracks fruit pickers. Extensive datasets are collected to demonstrate the improved discrete tracking of strawberry pickers inside polytunnels thanks to the exploitation of the environmental constraints.

The detection of cancer cells at the single-cell level enables many novel functionalities such as next-generation cancer prognosis and accurate cellular analysis. While surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been widely considered as an effective tool in a low-cost and label-free manner, however, it is challenging to discriminate single cancer cells with an accuracy above 90% mainly due to the poor biocompatibility of the noble-metal-based SERS agents. Here, we report a dual-functional nanoprobe based on dopant-driven plasmonic oxides, demonstrating a maximum accuracy above 90% in distinguishing single THP-1 cell from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 from human macrophage cell line U937 based on their SERS patterns. Furthermore, this nanoprobe can be triggered by the bio-redox response from individual cells towards stimuli, empowering another complementary colorimetric cell detection, approximately achieving the unity discrimination accuracy at a single-cell level. Our strategy could potentially enable the future accurate and low-cost detection of cancer cells from mixed cell samples.

The synthesis methodology, particle size and shape, dose optimization, and toxicity studies of nano-fertilizers are vital prior to their field application. This study investigates the comparative response of chemically synthesized and biologically synthesized iron oxide nanorods (NRs) using moringa olefera along with bulk FeCl3 on summer maize (Zea mays). It is found that FeCl3 salt and chemically synthesized iron oxides NRs caused growth retardation and impaired plant physiological and anti-oxidative activities at a concentration higher than 25 mg/L due to toxicity by over accumulation. While iron released form biologically synthesized NRs have shown significantly positive results even at 50 mg/L due to their low toxicity, an improved leaf area (13%), number of leaves per plant (26%), total chlorophyll content (80%) and nitrate content (6%) with biologically synthesized NRs are obtained. Moreover, the plant anti-oxidative activity also increased on treatment with biologically synthesized NRs because of their ability to form a complex with metal ions. These findings suggest that biologically synthesized iron oxides NRs are an efficient iron source and can last for a long time. Thus, proving that nanofertilizer are required to have specific surface chemistry to release the nutrient in an appropriate concentration for better plant growth., Nanofertilizers; Withania coagulans; Iron nutrition; Bioinspired synthesis; Anti-oxidative stress, Agricultural science; Agronomy; Chemical engineering; Environmental hazard; Environmental science; Environmental toxicology; Materials science

The library of true two-dimensional materials is limited since many transition metal compounds are not stratified and can thus not be easily isolated as nanosheets. Here, micron-sized ultrathin rutile TiO2 nanosheets featuring uniform thickness (2 ± 0.5 nm) with dielectric constant (ε⊥ = 24) have been synthesized via a liquid metal synthesis strategy.

To provide a continuous supply of electricity, renewable energy resources, and smart technological innovation must be exploited, aiming to provide a long-term solution to the existing energy crises faced by today’s world. The photovoltaic (PV) panels are deployed to receive solar energy from the sunlight and consequently convert it into electrical energy. The photovoltaic PV panel receives maximum solar radiation only when it is at 90° perpendicular to the sunlight, which is directly proportional efficiency of the system. If proper technique not used to collect the maximum amount of sunlight, solar PV generation can be a more expensive energy source as compared to conventional energy generation. The generated output power of PV panels depends on the quantity of solar energy they collect from sunlight, and this amount can be increased by exploiting tracking systems. The solar tracker tends to move PV panels perpendicular to sunlight radiations to collect the maximum amount of sunlight to increase the system’s efficiency.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the elevation in mean amniotic fluid index among pregnant females after the management of intravenous maternal hydration during third-trimester oligohydramnios. Material and methods: We conducted this descriptive research at Services Hospital, Lahore from February 2018 to January 2019 on a total of 156 pregnant cases who were enrolled after the assessment of an increase in the mean amniotic fluid index. The study population was enrolled after meeting inclusion criteria and we also took the permission of ethical review committee. Results: According to the outcomes the mean age of our selected population was (27 ± 3.0) years, the mean gestational age was (37 ± 2.4) weeks, mean weight was (68.4 ± 2.7) kg, mean AFI before hydration was (3.5 ± 0.6) and mean AFI increase after hydration was (6.3 ± 0.8); whereas, mean AFI increase was (2.9 ± 0.7). There was an increase in amniotic fluid volume in maternal hydration among oligohydramnios patients (CI 95%, P-Value Conclusion: In the settings of this research there was an increase in the maternal intravenous hydration among AFV women who were in the third-trimester oligohydramnios which may help to treat oligohydramnios and pregnancy continuation to the point of the term without any complication in the course of pregnancy. Keywords: Oligohydramnios, Maternal Hydration, Amniotic Fluid Volume, Pregnancy, Gestational Age and Committee.

A novel and distributed version of locally linear embedding (LLE) for the relative positioning of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks is under focus. The proposed algorithm is iterative in nature and exploits the range and bearing estimates between a sensor and its $k$ -nearest neighbors forming a local neighborhood that is then utilized in a cooperative fashion to map the whole network. As a result, a partially connected network is localized with every sensor having an estimate of all the sensor positions in the network. It is shown that the proposed distributed mechanism of LLE does not compromise the accuracy of estimation when compared with conventional centralized LLE.

Degradation of natural organic matter especially Humic acid is a big challenge, while its byproducts are carcinogenic, which is a threat to life. Here, Fe3+:ZnO has been deployed on ceramic plats (CP) using SILAR method for solar photocatalytic mineralization of HA in municipal wastewater. Structural results show that ZnO and Fe3+:ZnO deployed over CP have an average crystallite size of 47.43 nm and 29.54 nm, respectively. Further, Fe3+ doping increased the conductivity of ZnO due to enhanced photon capturing ability and effective surface area. Almost 90% HA photodegradation was achieved at the reaction parameters optimized by response surface methodology. Owing to the strong interaction between negatively charged HA and positive zeta potential of ZnO@CP (24 mV) and Fe3+:ZnO@CP (26 mV). Moreover, a significant reduction in BOD (~73%), COD (~76%) and TOC (~63%) have been observed after solar photocatalytic treatment of municipal wastewater. In comparison, ZnO@CP hybrid removed HA (400 mgL−1) at the rate of 3.3 kgm−3d−1 with a lower reduction in BOD (~57%), COD (~45%) and TOC (~57%) than Fe3+:ZnO@CP, confirming that the Fe doping has tuned the bandgap and manipulated the active sites onto the surface of ZnO. Moreover, direct coating of photocatalyst over CP provided exceptional stability and reusability as a photocatalyst which maintained ~80% of its activity even after 14 cycles of wastewater treatment and only lose 29% of its activity after 22 cycles. Hence, by designing a photocatalyst adhered directly onto the ceramic (substrate) present the novel sustainable photocatalyst supported wastewater treatment systems at a large scale.

Smart Grid (SG)network comprises of wide variety of applications with diverse Quality of Service (QoS)requirements. Each SG application has its own requirements of latency, throughput and reliability. Cognitive Radio (CR), which offers better spectrum utilization through opportunistic spectrum access and spectrum sharing, is considered as a promising wireless technology for SG networks. Traffic scheduling and optimization is one of major challenges in CR-based SG communication network. In this paper, we propose a novel usage of mini-batch gradient descent method for the optimization of QoS-based differential scheduling in CR-based SG network. A 2-class based priority scheduling model with emergency and interrupt handling capability is used. It is shown through simulation results that mini-batch gradient descent method achieves better results as compared to gradient descent method in terms of the fast convergence and minimization of the overall cost function.

Background: Aerobic Exercise is a host of health benefits to reduce vigor risk and maintain body weight. The purpose of the present investigation is to determine the influence of aerobic exercises on body weight and Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) activity among cardiac rehabilitation phase II patients. The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of obesity on the efficacy of aerobic capacity. Methods: Fifteen obese (ten males, five females) and fifteen non-obese (eleven males, four females) participants of phase II cardiac rehabilitation were selected from a tertiary care hospital by their Body Mass Index (BMI). They were divided into two groups by simple random technique. Aerobic exercises were given for 12 weeks for post-CABG cardiac rehabilitation phase II obese and non-obese (healthy and overweight) patients. BMI and the Metabolic equivalent of task activity of cardiac rehabilitation phase II patients are measured by enrolling a patient in 12 weeks of aerobic exercises program. Results: The aerobic exercise shows a positive result in both obese and non-obese patients. Aerobic exercises improved metabolic equivalent of task in both obese(4.6667+_0.65134 ;< 0.05) and non-obese patients (4.6923+_.48038 ;< 0.05) significantly.But aerobic exercises were more effective in enhancing the efficacy of aerobic capacity in obese patients. Conclusion: It is evident that aerobic exercises are more effective for obese patients to maintain or reduces weight. Higher MET activity was observed in obese patients.

The use of leaded gasoline adversely affects cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems. Study projects to rule out different variables of prognostic importance in lead-exposed subjects. A total of 317 traffic wardens with 5 years of outdoor experience and Hb levels

Silicon photonics has demonstrated great potential in ultrasensitive biochemical sensing. However, it is challenging for such sensors to detect small ions which are also of great importance in many biochemical processes. A silicon photonic ion sensor enabled by an ionic dopant-driven plasmonic material is introduced here. The sensor consists of a microring resonator (MRR) coupled with a 2D restacked layer of near-infrared plasmonic molybdenum oxide. When the 2D plasmonic layer interacts with ions from the environment, a strong change in the refractive index results in a shift in the MRR resonance wavelength and simultaneously the alteration of plasmonic absorption leads to the modulation of MRR transmission power, hence generating dual sensing outputs which is unique to other optical ion sensors. Proof-of-concept via a pH sensing model is demonstrated, showing up to 7 orders improvement in sensitivity per unit area across the range from 1 to 13 compared to those of other optical pH sensors. This platform offers the unique potential for ultrasensitive and robust measurement of changes in ionic environment, generating new modalities for on-chip chemical sensors in the micro/nanoscale.

Identifying precursor events that allow the timely forecasting of landslides, thereby enabling risk reduction, is inherently difficult. Here we present a novel, low cost, flow visualization technique using time-lapsed imagery (TLI) that allows real time analysis of slope movement. This approach is applied to the Rest and Be Thankful slope, Argyle, Scotland, where past debris flows have blocked the A83 or forced preemptive closure. TLI of the Rest and Be Thankful are taken from a fixed station, 28 mm lens, time lapse camera every 15 min. Imagery is filtered to counter the effects of misalignment from wind induced vibration of the camera, asymmetric lighting, and fog. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) algorithms are then run to produce slope movement velocity vectors. PIV generated vectors are automatically post-processed to separate vectors generated by slope movement from false positives generated by harsh environmental conditions. Results for images over a 20-day period indicated precursor slope movement initiated by a rainfall event, a period of quiescence for 10 days, followed by a large landslide failure during proceeding rainfall where over 3000 tons of sediment reached the road. Results suggest low cost, live streamed TLI and this novel PIV approach correctly detect and, importantly, report precursor slope movement, allowing early warning, effective management and landslide impact mitigation. Future applications of this technique will allow the development of an effective decision-making tool for asset management of the A83, reducing the risk to life of motorists. The technique can also be applied to other critical infrastructure sites, allowing hazard risk reduction.

Key Clinical Message Blinatumomab, a bispecific T‐cell engager monoclonal antibody used to manage Philadelphia chromosome‐negative relapsed or refractory B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can be used to treat patients by inducing graft versus leukemia reaction post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a feature which it was post allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, a feature which this drug was not aimed to do.

Key Clinical Message IgG4‐RD can also present in the skeletal muscle, mimicking several other diseases. It is unusual for this relatively new classification of diseases to present in the muscles and can be mistakenly diagnosed as other autoimmune diseases rendering a delay in the appropriate management and progression of the disease.

Smilax medicais traditionally used as an anti-microbial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Current study is designed to evaluate the allelopathic properties of the crude methanol...

Fungal endocarditis is a rare entity which has a poor outcome. Our case reports an atypical presentation of similar pathology now presenting with femoral artery ischemia in an immune competent individual. A 62-year Asian male presented with sudden onset of right sided lumbar pain. Initial clinical exam was consistent with right sided renal colic. Intravenous analgesia did not relieve the pain. Repeat clinical examination revealed absent right femoral artery pulsation. The patient underwent a Computerized tomography angiography of right lower extremity. Echocardiogram revealed valvular vegetations that were later revealed to be because of Aspergillus Terreus. This case highlights the atypical presentation of a rare fungal endocarditis in an immune competent individual presenting with right sided lumbar pain. This case is of particular interest for emergency physicians who are at the forefront and may require to deal with such presentations. Keywords: Fungal endocarditis, Femoral artery, Thromboembolism, Emergency department

Filter bank multicarrier scheme is an efficient multicarrier scheme and candidate waveform for 5G. Similar to OFDM and other multicarrier schemes, FBMC also has high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) which leads us to the use of high power amplifiers with high dynamic range. Companding techniques are used to reduce PAPR at the expense of bit error rate (BER) performance degradation. In this paper, a novel usage of A-law and Mu-law companding techniques for PAPR reduction of FBMC-OQAM scheme are proposed. The paper also investigates the tradeoff between PAPR reduction and Bit error rate performance of FBMC-OQAM using A-law and Mu-law companding techniques. Simulation results have shown a significant decrease in PAPR but BER of the system has increased. Both the companding techniques have shown similar results but Mu-law companding has given a slightly better performance than A-law companding in PAPR reduction but BER of A-law companding is better than Mu-law companding.

In HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems, effective thermal management is required because energy and operation costs of buildings are directly influenced by how well an air-conditioning system performs. HVAC systems are typically nonlinear time varying with disturbances, where conventional PID controllers may trade-off between stability and rise time. To overcome this limitation, a Genetic Algorithm based AFLC (Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller design has been proposed for the multivariable control of temperature and humidity of a typical AHU (air handling unit by manipulating valve positions to adjust the water and steam flow rates. Modulating equal percentage Globe valves for chilled water and steam have been modeled according to exact flow rates of water and steam. A novel method for the adaptation of FLC (Fuzzy Logic Controller by modifying FRM (Fuzzy Rule Matrix based on GA (genetic algorithm) has been proposed. This requires re-designing the complete FLC in MATLAB/Simulink whose procedure has also been proposed. The proposed adaptive controller outperforms the existing fuzzy controller in terms of steady state error, rise time and settling time.

Modern wireless communication networks need to support a variety of data intensive applications in various medium/channel scenarios. It requires high network throughput as well as robustness against Multiuser Interference (MUI), multipath fading and other channel effects. This is achieved by using the hybrid Direct Sequence Time Hopped CDMA (DS-TH CDMA) systems. In this paper, a novel usage of State-Space Recursive Least Squares with Adaptive Memory (SSRLSWAM) with non-coherent detection is proposed for adaptive equalization of DS-TH CDMA system. The proposed algorithm is able to mitigate multipath fading effects through adaptive equalization by effectively initializing the SSRLSWAM and tuning its forgetting factor. The choice to use non-coherent detection is made because of the fact that non-coherent detectors do not utilize the phase information at the receiver side, resulting in lowering computational complexity. The BER performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the correlating detector and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) detector. It is shown that SSRLSWAM results in BER performance better than both the correlating and MMSE.

The study addresses the architecture of a hybrid PLL circuit technique for synchronizing a PV system with single phase grid. For determination of synchronization, the PV system is based on a reference system .The reference system is controlled by a microcontroller and pulse width modulation technique is used within the microcontroller to trigger the inverter in order to achieve efficient synchronization. Optocoupler is used to detect the real-time zero crossing detection and the digital phase lock loop system is used to control the phase angle and frequency of the system. The architecture of system is designed in Proteus simulator. The proposed architecture has performed well in reducing the harmonics produced because of inverter switching. Also if there are any abrupt changes in frequency or phase angle, the system can effectively manage changes. Keywords: PV Array, Grid synchronization, Microcontroller, Optocoupler, DPLL, PWM and Power Quality. I. Introduction The power generated through photo-voltaic system is used to operate the different types of loads. Solar energy is harnessed by means of photovoltaic (PV) systems(1), which use arrays of PV panels that convert solar energy into electrical energy. It is cheap and is more reliable as compare to other generating systems.The PV systems are suitable for applications such as battery charging, lighting and water pumping in remote areas. The solar energy charges a battery (DC supply) which is further connected to a DC-AC inverter that finally operates AC loads. This system can be used on small as well as for domestic use to fulfill the consumer demand for power.It is used as a backup Source for purpose when the load on the power station increases.For such purpose we synchronize our system to the Grid(2)(3)to overcome low power problems. The inverter must convert the renewable energy stored in the battery bank into pure sinusoidal voltage that tracks the grid voltage in amplitude, frequency and phase. For this purpose the inverter must be synchronized with grid. The interconnection of photo-voltaic (PV) system(4) with a Grid requires an accurate control of synchronism between converter and grid. The parameters including voltage, phase and frequency of both systems need to be synchronized.There are different types of techniques (5)(6)developed to achieve synchronization but the system used in this study is simple,reliable,requires small area for installation and need small circuitry. The proposed system is designed for 1.5kw.The main goal is to share the load during the peak load time on the power station as well as an accurate measuring of the phase-angle of the grid voltage.The parameters of the reference system (Grid) and photo-voltaic system must be equal for efficient synchronization.

Tracking of wireless nodes such as robots in wireless sensor network (WSN) has been widely studied in literature. Most of these studies are based on the Kalman filter (KF) for linear models corrupted by Gaussian noise, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) for non linear models and the particles filter (PF) which does no require the model o be linear nor the noise be Gaussian. In his paper, we present a comparative study of mobile target node (TN) racking via the KF, EKF and PF based on the received power of the signal. A constant velocity model is considered for the motion of TN, depicting an indoor environment. The performance of the filters are compared in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE). Extensive simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of the discussed filters.

Power generation and supply management is becoming an increasingly difficult task with the increase in population. One of the solutions is intelligent control of power consumption in the households where most of power consumption is due to high load appliances like Electric Water Heater (EWH) in winter and fridge in summer. This paper presents an over view of the EWH use for Demand Side Management (DSM). To reduce the consumption of EWH, the US Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI) model has been focused in context of DSM in smart grid. Moreover, use of Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) has been elaborated to implement a direct load control strategy for EWH management.

A recent study of randomized controlled trials showed favorable outcomes with use of decompressive craniectomy in managing and treating uncontrolled intracranial pressures accompanied with cerebral edema due to trauma. We present the details of bicompartmental decompressive craniectomy on two patients who presented with severe head trauma of supra- and infratentorial pathologies. The surgical management techniques and long-term follow-up are discussed in detail.

The optimal management for Atrial fibrillation (AF) in the setting of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (EF) remains controversial. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of catheter ablation (CA) in this subset of patients. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized

Ogilvie's syndrome, also known as 'paralytic ileus of the colon', is characterised by pseudo-obstruction of the large intestine in the absence of any mechanical obstructing component; and presents as a massively distended abdomen. If left untreated, it may lead to bowel perforation or ischemia. Ogilvie's syndrome usually presents as a postsurgical complication, mainly due to the lack and/or restriction of movement coupled with a possible electrolyte imbalance. Here, we present a case of a pre-surgical 63-year lady, having a right hip fracture, who came with complaints of severe abdominal pain and distension for 4 days. Abdominal X-rays showed massively dilated bowel loops. Patient was successfully managed with neostigmine administration and was discharged home.

Objectives Treatment of a renal mass in patients with hematologic malignancy or on immunosuppression can be complex and is not well defined. Surgical excision or thermal ablation of renal mass is generally recommended in view of concern for tumor progression in immunosuppressed patients. We report our management decision experience in patients and literature review on concomitant renal and hematologic malignancy. Materials and Methods A retrospective medical record review of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a hematologic malignancy over 3 years at our University Hospital was performed. Data were collected including patient׳s demographics, renal tumor and hematologic malignancy characteristics (stage, pathologic subtype, time of diagnosis, treatment type and prognosis). Surgical and medical management of each malignancy was reviewed and perioperative and overall outcomes are reported. Results In total, 6 patients were identified with RCC and a hematologic malignancy of which 4 were on immunosuppressive therapy. A total of 5 patients had leukemia and 1 patient had multiple myeloma. Most kidney tumors were stage I, 83%; and 80% were Fuhrman grade II. There was equal distribution of clear cell and papillary-type RCC. All but 1 patient had undergone nephron-sparing surgery. Overall, 50% of our patients died within 1 year after renal surgery for pT 1 a tumors from causes that are unrelated to renal cancer. Conclusions Our small cohort showed significant mortality in patients with hematologic malignancy on immunosuppression, who had their renal mass treated with surgical excision or thermal ablation. However, this mortality was not secondary to surgical procedure itself. The prognosis of the hematologic malignancy might dictate the management of RCC.

Localization has been one of the most highly researched topics in wireless communications in the past decade. Localization of wireless nodes can be achieved using a variety of techniques, in which range measurement and angle measurement are most commonly used. In the presence of both angle and range measurement, a hybrid model can be developed. In this paper we analyze a hybrid angle of arrival-time of arrival (AoA-ToA) model for localization of wireless nodes, the model is modified to remove the bias from the estimated positions. We also explore the idea of cooperative localization using both angle and range measurements and develop a linear least squares (LLS) scheme. It is shown via simulation that the modified model is unbiased and that the performance of the proposed cooperative LLS is superior to its non-cooperative counterpart.

In Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, effective thermal management is required because energy and operation costs of buildings are directly influenced by how well an air-conditioning system performs. HVAC systems are typically nonlinear time varying with disturbances, where conventional PID controllers may trade-off between stability and rise time. To overcome this limitation, a Genetic Algorithm based Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller (AFLC) design has been proposed for the control of temperature and relative humidity of an experimental setup by manipulating valve positions to adjust the water and steam flow rates for Air Handling Unit (AHU). Modulating equal percentage Globe valves for chilled water and steam have been modeled according to exact flow rates of water and steam. A novel method for the adaptation of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) by modifying Fuzzy Rule Matrix (FRM) based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been proposed. The proposed adaptive controller outperforms the existing fuzzy controller in terms of steady state error, rise time and settling time.

In Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, effective thermal management is required because energy and operation costs of buildings are directly influenced by how well an air-conditioning system performs. HVAC systems are typically nonlinear time varying with disturbances, where conventional PID controllers may trade-off between stability and rise time. To overcome this limitation, a Genetic Algorithm based Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller (AFLC) design has been proposed for the control of temperature and relative humidity of an experimental setup by manipulating valve positions to adjust the water and steam flow rates for Air Handling Unit (AHU). Modulating equal percentage Globe valves for chilled water and steam have been modeled according to exact flow rates of water and steam. A novel method for the adaptation of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) by modifying Fuzzy Rule Matrix (FRM) based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been proposed. The proposed adaptive controller outperforms the existing fuzzy controller in terms of steady state error, rise time and settling time.

Rhabdomyolysis is a serious medical condition in which the skeletal muscle tissue gets damaged and breaks down at rapid rates, potentially leading to death if not managed early on. Rhabdomyolysis in adults has several etiologies such as crush injuries, prolonged immobilization, strenuous exercise, hormonal or metabolic causes, infections, and drug–drug interactions. We present a case report of the interaction of two drugs that are used commonly in the general population. We here discuss a case of a 60-year-old female who presented to the hospital with complaints of generalized weakness, muscle aches, and atypical chest pain for a week after her primary care physician started her on sitagliptin while she was already on atorvastatin. After review of literature, this is the second known case of such an interaction causing acute breakdown of skeletal musculature.

Ascariasis is a common infestation in developing countries where there is poor hygiene. A majority of the cases are asymptomatic, with a few cases presenting with mild abdominal pain and nutritional deficiencies in the long term. Here we present a case of a young boy who presented as a diagnostic dilemma, with signs of acute intestinal obstruction without any supporting radiological evidence. A barium study revealed the presence of low-burden Ascaris infestation that was managed medically.

The present study is aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening and biological activities of methanolic extract of Cyperus scariosus roots. Dried plant was grounded and extracted with methanol to prepare methanol crud extract. In vitro biological tests were conducted using this methanolic extracts according to the standard procedure. 100% death rate of brine shrimp was perceived at 3 mg/mL of plant extract after 72 hours. The extract showed action against Aspergillus flavius i.e. 90% followed by A. niger (91%) while the highest activity was shown against A. fumegatrus (94%). Important scavenging results were detected during scavenging of free radicals viz; 92.2% against DPPH, 82.2% to ABTS, 75.8% to hydrogen peroxide, 88.1% to β-carotene, 86.1% to hydroxyl radical and 89.4% against phosphomolybdate at 3 mg/mL were obtained. The results obtained in this study point out that extract showed significant biological activities which might be due to the presence of bioactive constituents.

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme found in liver and indicates injury to hepatocytes. It is influenced by various factors. The objectives of this study were to identify the correlates of ALT activity among healthy medical students of Army Medical College, National University of Sciences and Technology, aged 18-22 years. This was to establish the mean ALT levels of the students and compare them with those in various parts of the world and observe various correlations that exist and factors that may influence ALT levels.This population included 143 volunteer students (93 men and 50 women) selected on the basis of negative answers to a detailed medical questionnaire including past medical history, drug and alcohol consumption, on the absence of clinical signs of liver disease, on the negativity of serological testing for Hepatitis B and C virus.The mean ALT level of the entire population was 28.7 IU/L. A major sex-difference in ALT value was observed, the mean ALT value being higher in men than in women (32.1 +/- 21.7 vs. 22.6 +/- 9.7 IU/L, p0.004). According to WHO criteria for Asians, normal BMI was taken from 18.5-23.0 Kg/m2. There was a positive significant correlation between serum ALT level and BMI (p0.002). ALT level strongly correlates with body mass index and gender. There was no significant variation in ALT levels among Punjabis and Sindhis, Balochis, Pathans, and Kashmiris.We suggest the need of taking into account these parameters in a clinical interpretation of ALT level.