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Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mendeskripsikan potensi air tanah pada daerah penelitian dengan menggunakan metode geolistrik; menentukan besar resistivitas listrik yang terkandung pada lapisan air tanah dengan menggunakan metode geolistrik; mengetahui hubungan antara besar resistivitas listrik yang terkandung pada lapisan air tanah dengan parameter kualitas air sumur melalui uji laboratorium; mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada kelompok tinggi, sedang, dan rendah setelah menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung (direct instruction); mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa pada kelompok tinggi, sedang, dan rendah dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung (direct instruction) pada konsep hukum ohm pelajaran fisika kelas XII Matematika dan Ilmu Alam 2 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Seluma. Penelitian pendidikan yang dilakukan kuasi eksperimen One Group Pretest-Posttest Design untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan model pembelajaran langsung (direct instruction) dalam proses pembelajaran fisika dengan mengetahui peningkatan nilai pretest dan posttest media LKS. Pada penelitian sains untuk mengetahui potensi air tanah menggunakan metode geolistrik konfigurasi wenner dan didapatkan nilai resistivitas dari inversi 2D software RES2DINV 31,8 ?m – 147 ?m yang berpotensi air tanah. Hubungan antara parameter uji kualitas air dengan nilai resistivitas didapatkan nilai korelasi R2 = 0,5818 dikriterikan mempunyai korelasi kuat. Hasil analisis penelitian pendidikan dengan model pembelajaran langsung (direct instruction) setelah diuji Anova Satu Jalur (One Way Anova) diperoleh Fhitung lebih besar dari Ftabel (15,42>3,59), maka hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima, sehingga penggunaan model pembelajaran langsung (direct instruction) efektif. Kata kunci: Potensi air tanah; metode geolistrik; kualitas air tanah; pembelajaran fisika.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai emisivitas warna ungu (purple comet), hijau, biru, merah, hijau muda, biru muda, jingga, coklat muda, kuning, merah muda; serta mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siswa dengan menggunakan model PBL pada konsep Perpindahan Kalor siswa kelas X-TKJ SMK Negeri 1 Bengkulu Tengah; dan menjelaskan perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada kelompok tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Bengkulu Tengah tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Sampel diambil dengan teknik Purpose sampling, yaitu kelas X.TKJ (Teknik Komputer Jaringan) yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain One Group pretest-posttest design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Nilai emisivitas secara berurutan sebesar 0,92; 0,83; 0,75; 0,62; 0,57; 0,54; 0,50; 0,40; 0,31; 0,24; Terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar pada konsep Perpindahan Kalor siswa kelompok tinggi, sedang dan rendah dengan nilai N-gain masing-masing sebesar 0,75 (tinggi), 0,52 (sedang), dan 0,44 (sedang); Terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada kelompok tinggi, sedang dan rendah yang ditunjukkan oleh Fhitung > Ftabel (4,04 > 3,35) pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Kata kunci: Emisivitas warna; miniatur ruang; silinder; media; pembelajaran fisika

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mendeskripsikan karakteristik sebaran temperatur udara di daerah pesisir pantai Kota Bengkulu bagian Utara, 2) mendeskripsikan pengaruh sebaran temperatur udara terhadap pola kecepatan angin di daerah pesisir pantai Kota Bengkulu bagian Utara, 3) mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dan siswa yang diajar dengan pembelajaran konvensional, dan 4) menjelaskan perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif antara siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dengan siswa yang diajar dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain nonequivalent control group design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Temperatur udara dipengaruhi oleh waktu, koordinat, tutupan awan dan vegetasi. Temperatur udara tertinggi sebesar 31,80C, terendah sebesar 24,60C dan rata-rata sebesar 30,10C; 2) Temperatur udara berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan angin. Fenomena ekstrim mengenai pengaruh temperatur udara terhadap kecepatan angin terjadi pada hari Rabu 6 Maret 2017. Temperatur udara mengalami penurunan drastis dari 30,50C menjadi 24,60C yang diikuti dengan perubahan kecepatan angin secara ekstrim dari 2,7 m/s berubah menjadi 7,2 m/s, 3) terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning sebesar 0,72 (tinggi) dan pembelajaran konvensional sebesar 0,36 (sedang); 4) terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif antara siswa yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dengan siswa diajar secara konvensional yang ditunjukkan dengan thitung > ttabel (4,49 > 2,01) dengan taraf signifikasi 5%. Kata kunci: Temperatur udara; kecepatan angin; pesisir pantai; Kota Bengkulu.

The purpose of this research is to know the potential of cow blood waste in surabaya city slaughterhouse as natural gas subtitution with starter of Methanococus Sp bacteri. The type of research is experimental with complete random designs. The independent variable in this treatment is the slaughterhouse where the blood take place. Thedependent variable is the fire color, time and smoke color resulting from the fires. The control variable are blood volume and starter of bacteria Methanococus Sp. the sampel used is a cow blood waste from a slaugtherhouse pegirian, Kedurus and Kriane. Each of slaughterhouse take as much as 6 liters and then inserted into a airtight digester with a special pvc sized 1 dimensional tube equipped with thermoregulator and faucet. Starter of Methanococus Sp bacteria is added into the blood-filled digester and allowed to stand for 1 week to produce methane gas from the fermentation process. After 1 week the appliance is connected to the stove and the valve is opened so that the gas fermented by the bacteria can be chaneled. The parametersobserved were the color of fire, time ang smoke resulting from the burning

Abstrak Dalam mencapai tujuan penelitian, pemetaan wilayah potensi banjir melalui pendekatan zonasi spasial berdasarkan elevasi, jarak dari sungai, dan jarak dari garis pantai. Data koordinat dan elevasi diperoleh langsung di lapangan menggunakan GPS Epoch TM 10 L1. Hasil penelitian ditampilkan sebagai penunjang dalam pembelajaran Pemanasan Global melalui pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBL). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan 32 peserta didik. Hasil penelitian didapat peta rawan banjir yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam 3 zona rawan banjir, yaitu zona rawan satu, zona rawan dua, dan zona rawan tiga dengan wilayah paling rawan ada pada Kelurahan Rawa Makmur, Rawa Makmur Permai, dan Beringin Raya. Implementasi penelitian pada pembelajaran menunjukkan bahwa setelah belajar menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL): 1) Hasil belajar kognitif peserta didik mengalami peningkatan dengan nilai rata-rata N-gain kelompok tinggi 0,81 (kriteria tinggi), kelompok sedang 0,60 (kriteria sedang), dan kelompok rendah 0,46 (kriteria sedang); 2) Terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif peserta didik antara kelompok tinggi, sedang dan rendah berdasarkan hasil Uji-Anava dengan nilai Fhitung = 20,68 lebih besar dari Ftabel = 3,33 pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Kata kunci: Kecamatan Muara Bangkahulu, Banjir, Rawan, Pemanasan Global, Model Problem Based Learning (PBL), Hasil belajar kognitif.

Abstrak Ada kecenderungan peningkatan kuantitas banjir yang terjadi di Kota Bengkulu dalam setiap tahunnya. Salah satu wilayah yang selalu mengalami bencana banjir adalah kecamatan Sungai Serut, khususnya wilayah Kelurahan Tanjung Agung, Tanjung Jaya dan Kelurahan Semarang. Banjir yang terjadi di wilayah tersebut tergolong tipe banjir karena tumpahan air sungai yang menggenang karena elevasi rendah. Pemetaan ancaman banjir di Kecamatan Sungai Serut dilakukan dengan mengukur ketinggian di setiap titik pengukuran, menggunakan GPS. Pengukuran jarak sungai terdekat dan jarak dari garis pantai dilakukan menggunakan google earth. Pemetaan wilayah terkena dampak dan ancaman banjir tidak saja penting untuk perencanaan wilayah, akan tetapi juga untuk media pembelajaran di sekolah. Pada proses pembelajaran tentang pemenasan global, banjir menjadi salah satu dampak yang terjadi kerenanya. Banjir yang terjadi di Kecamatan Sungai serut dapat ditelusuri kejadiannya karena debit Sungai Bengkulu yang sangat besar. Debit yang sangat besar tidak langsung ditampung oleh laut, karena pada saat itu laut dalam kondisi pasang. Kejadian laut pasang disaat musim penghujan mengindikasikan adanya anomali yang terjadi di laut, yang besar kemungkinan disebabkan karena dampak pemanasan global. Banjir sebagai media pada topik bahasan pemanasan global mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar pada konsep pemanasan global siswa ekstrakulikuler KIR SMK Negeri 3 Kota Bengkulu kelompok tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Hal ini di buktikan dengan nilai N-gain untuk kelas tinggi adalah sebesar 0,75 dalam katagori tinggi, kelas sedang sebesar 0,52 dalam katagori sedang, dan kelas rendah sebesar 0,44 dalam katagori sedang. Kata kunci: Banjir, potensi banjir, pemanasan global, hasil belajar.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi air tanah di sekitar perkebunan sawit di Desa Pondok Kelapa-Bengkulu yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan resistivity-meter metode geolistrik, konfigurasi elektroda Wenner. Data pengukuran muka air tanah dan hasil kualitas air diperoleh pada 4 lokasi penelitian. Interpretasi kurva resistivitas dengan Res2dinv menunjukkan bahwa daerah Pondok Kelapa masih memiliki potensi air tanah dengan jarak 0,5 m. Keempat lokasi diantaranya: (1) pada rata-rata kedalaman 1,967 m dengan pH 6, besi 0,0021 mg/L dan kekeruhan 54,16 NTU; (2) pada rata-rata kedalaman 2,935 m dengan pH 6, besi 0,0022 mg/L dan kekeruhan 37,12 NTU; (3) pada rata-rata kedalaman 2,240 m dengan pH 5,8, besi 0,0021 mg/L dan kekeruhan 35,65 NTU; dan (4)pada rata-rata kedalaman 2,678 m dengan pH 5,7, kandungan besi 0,0011 mg/L dan kekeruhan 19,02 NTU. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat kecenderungan hubungan terbalik antara kualitas air dan muka air tanah dari segi kekeruhan. Hasil penelitian ditampilkan sebagai penunjang proses pembelajaran Fisika yakni pengembangan LKPD berbasis service learning materi Hukum Ohm penerapan pengukuran geolistrik yang berorientasi pada pengembangan reflective thinking dengan desain ADDIE (Analisys, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Kemampuan hasil belajar 21 siswa SMK kelas X-ATP (Agribisnis Tanaman Perkebunan) didapat dengan peningkatan hasil Ngain antara nilai pretest dan posttest sebesar 0,66 yakni berada dalam kategori sedang. Kata Kunci: Kualitas air; muka air tanah; PT Bio Nusantara Teknologi; pembelajaran fisika.

Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) plays an essential role in cancer pathogenesis, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). All of SHP-1, SOCS-1, and SOCS-3 are TSGs that negatively regulate JAK/STAT signaling. Enhanced re-expression of TSGs through de-methylation represents a therapeutic target in several cancers. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a major component of Nigella sativa seeds with anticancer effects against several cancers. However, the effects of TQ on DNA methylation are not entirely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of TQ to re-express SHP-1, SOCS-1, and SOCS-3 in MV4-11 AML cells through de-methylation. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays were performed using WSTs-8 kit, Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit, and fluorometric-red cell cycle assay kit, respectively. The methylation of SHP-1, SOCS-1, and SOCS-3 was evaluated by pyrosequencing analysis. The expression of SHP-1, SOCS-1, SOCS-3, JAK2, STAT3, STAT5A, STAT5B, FLT3-ITD, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, TET2, and WT1 was assessed by RT-qPCR. The molecular docking of TQ to JAK2, STAT3, and STAT5 was evaluated. The results revealed that TQ significantly inhibited the growth of MV4-11 cells and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, the results showed that TQ binds the active pocket of JAK2, STAT3, and STAT5 to inhibit their enzymatic activity and significantly enhances the re-expression of SHP-1 and SOCS-3 through de-methylation. In conclusion, TQ curbs MV4-11 cells by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of JAK/STAT signaling through hypomethylation and re-expression of JAK/STAT negative regulators and could be a promising therapeutic candidate for AML patients.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease that occurs in adults and children. In Malaysia, the clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of ITP was issued in 2006, which focused almost exclusively on primary ITP (pITP), and only a few secondary ITP (sITP) forms were addressed. All published (twenty-three) sITP articles among children and adults in Malaysia, identified on the academic databases were retrieved. The articles were published between 1981 and 2019, at a rate of 0.62 publications per year. The publications were considered low and mainly focused on rare presentation and followed-up of secondary diseases. This review revealed that sITP in Malaysia is commonly associated with autoimmune diseases (Evan’s syndrome, SLE and WAS), malignancy (Kaposi’s sarcoma and breast cancer) and infection (dengue haemorrhagic fever, Helicobacter pylori and hepatitis C virus). The relationship between ITP and autoimmune diseases, malignancy and infections raise the question concerning the mechanism involved in these associations. Further studies should be conducted to bridge the current knowledge gap, and the further information is required to update the existing CPG of management of ITP in Malaysia.

Education has a close relation to the quality of labor. With a good level of education, labor productivity will certainly increase. In addition to reducing poverty, productivity will increase economic growth. But in Jawa Tengah Province the correlation of education with economic growth shows contradictions. In Jawa Tengah, economic growth has increased quite well but the average years of schooling is elementary school graduates. By using Mincer Wage Equation, this paper Is trying to calculate social return on education within macroeconomic growth regression methods. This paper aims to capture relationship between education attainment and economic growth in macroeconomic ways.

Porcupine bezoar (PB) is a calcified undigested material generally found in porcupine’s (Hystrix brachyura) gastrointestinal tract. The bezoar is traditionally used in South East Asia and Europe for the treatment of cancer, poisoning, dengue, typhoid, etc. However, limited scientific studies have been performed to verify its anticancer potential to substantiate its traditional claims in the treatment of cancers. Hence, this study was aimed at investigating the in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties of two grassy PB aqueous extract (PB-A and PB-B) using A375 cancer cell line and zebrafish model, respectively. This paper presents the first report on in vitro A375 cell viability assay, apoptosis assay, cell cycle arrest assay, migration assay, invasion assay, qPCR experimental assay and in vivo anti-angiogenesis assay using the grassy PBs. Experimental findings revealed IC50 value are 26.59 ± 1.37 μg/mL and 30.12 ± 3.25 μg/mL for PB-A and PB-B respectively. PBs showed anti-proliferative activity with no significant cytotoxic effect on normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF). PBs were also found to induce apoptosis via intrinsic pathway and arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase. Additionally, the findings indicated its ability to debilitate migration and invasion of A375 cells. Further evaluation using embryo zebrafish model revealed LC50 = 450.0 ± 2.50 μg/mL and 58.7 ± 5.0 μg/mL for PB-A and PB-B which also exerted anti-angiogenesis effect in zebrafish. Moreover, stearic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and pregnenolone were identified as possible metabolites that might contribute to the anticancer effect of the both PBs. Overall, this study demonstrated that PB-A and PB-B possess potential in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects which are elicited through selective cytotoxic effect, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of migration and invasion and anti-angiogenesis. This study provides scientific evidence that the porcupine bezoar do possess anti-cancer efficacy and further justifies its traditional utility. However, more experiments with higher vertebrae models are still warranted to validate its traditional claims as an anticancer agent.

Thalassemia, an inherited quantitative globin disorder, consists of two types, α– and β–thalassemia. β–thalassemia is a heterogeneous disease that can be asymptomatic, mild, or even severe. Considerable research has focused on investigating its underlying etiology. These studies found that DNA hypomethylation in the β–globin gene cluster is significantly related to fetal hemoglobin (HbF) elevation. Histone modification reactivates γ-globin gene expression in adults and increases β–globin expression. Down-regulation of γ–globin suppressor genes, i.e., BCL11A, KLF1, HBG-XMN1, HBS1L-MYB, and SOX6, elevates the HbF level. β–thalassemia severity is predictable through FLT1, ARG2, NOS2A, and MAP3K5 gene expression. NOS2A and MAP3K5 may predict the β–thalassemia patient’s response to hydroxyurea, a HbF-inducing drug. The transcription factors NRF2 and BACH1 work with antioxidant enzymes, i.e., PRDX1, PRDX2, TRX1, and SOD1, to protect erythrocytes from oxidative damage, thus increasing their lifespan. A single β–thalassemia-causing mutation can result in different phenotypes, and these are predictable by IGSF4 and LARP2 methylation as well as long non-coding RNA expression levels. Finally, the coinheritance of β–thalassemia with α–thalassemia ameliorates the β–thalassemia clinical presentation. In conclusion, the management of β–thalassemia is currently limited to genetic and epigenetic approaches, and numerous factors should be further explored in the future.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as a scaffold in tissue engineering. HA possesses high mechanical stress and exhibits particularly excellent biocompatibility owing to its similarity to natural bone. Nonetheless, this ceramic scaffold has limited applications due to its apparent brittleness. Therefore, this had presented some difficulties when shaping implants out of HA and for sustaining a high mechanical load. Fortunately, these drawbacks can be improved by combining HA with other biomaterials. Starch was heavily considered for biomedical device applications in favor of its low cost, wide availability, and biocompatibility properties that complement HA. This review provides an insight into starch/HA composites used in the fabrication of bone tissue scaffolds and numerous factors that influence the scaffold properties. Moreover, an alternative characterization of scaffolds via dielectric and free space measurement as a potential contactless and nondestructive measurement method is also highlighted.

To date, natural products are widely used as pharmaceutical agents for many human diseases and cancers. One of the most popular natural products that have been studied for anticancer properties is thymoquinone (TQ). As a bioactive compound of Nigella sativa, TQ has shown anticancer activities through the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The anticancer efficacy of TQ is being investigated in several human cancers such as pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, hepatic cancer, cervical cancer, and leukemia. Even though TQ induces apoptosis by regulating the expression of pro- apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes in many cancers, the TQ effect mechanism on such cancers is not yet fully understood. Therefore, the present review has highlighted the TQ effect mechanisms on several signaling pathways and expression of tumor suppressor genes (TSG). Data from relevant published experimental articles on TQ from 2015 to June 2020 were selected by using Google Scholar and PubMed search engines. The present study investigated the effectiveness of TQ alone or in combination with other anticancer therapeutic agents, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors on cancers, as a future anticancer therapy nominee by using nanotechnology.

Increasing temperature and CO2 concentration are among the most important factors affecting marine ecosystems under climate change. We investigated the morphological, biochemical, and physiological trait responses of seedlings of the tropical seagrass Enhalus acoroides under experimental conditions. Trait responses were greater under temperature effects than increasing CO2 concentration. Seedlings under rising temperatures showed enhanced leaf growth, lower leaf nutrient content, and stimulated down-regulating mechanisms in terms of photo-physiology. Increasing CO2 concentrations did not show any significant effects independently. There was a significant interaction for some of the trait responses considered, such as leaf number and carbon content in the roots, and trends of higher starch concentrations in the leaves and lower rETRmax under combined enriched CO2 and high temperature, even though none of these interactions were synergistic. Understanding the single and interactive trait responses of seagrass seedlings to increasing temperature and CO2 concentration is of importance to determine the relative responses of early life stages of seagrasses, which may differ from adult plants, in order to form a more holistic view of seagrass ecosystem health under climate change.

The Preschool Oral Healthcare Programme (POHP) was introduced in Malaysia by the Ministry of Health in 1984 to provide oral healthcare for 5–6-year-old children. Most of its evaluations were directed towards assessing children’s oral health status. Little emphasis has been placed on assessing the programme feasibility from the perspectives of the oral health personnel. The objective of the study was to explore the facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the POHP using the perspectives of dental therapists (DT) in Selangor state, Malaysia. This study took a qualitative approach using focus group discussion (FGD) as the data collection method. The data were transcribed verbatim followed by thematic analysis using NVivo 12 Pro version software. A total of 13 FGDs had been conducted involving 114 DT. The main facilitators were good dental teamwork, assistance from schools and teachers, sufficient training of DT, adequate support from dental administration, and good cooperation from the children. The main barriers were lack of financial support, manpower, time, inadequate support from preschools and children, language barrier, and accessibility to sugary food and drinks at schools. The study provided important insights regarding the POHP that would be useful for programme improvement through policy changes, workforce training, and enhanced school participation.

Subsequent to piece declaration of Malino II in 2002, it was claimed that Maluku may sustain its peace in a much longer time. A numerous attempts on establishing harmonious dialogues between religions and the combatant leaders have also been initiated. Yet, the conflicts could never stop to occur. At the present time, supported with the mission of pluralism and multiculturalism, the efforts to generate interreligious dialogs continue to commence, despite the strong confrontation from the Muslim ex-combatants who believed that these efforts might originate new conflicts. This writing is made based on the result of a phenomenological study on the daily life of Muslim ex-combatants in Ambon city. The findings has shown that the ex-combatants had proposed a typical and unique design of dialog. In fact, the tolerance was a sort of "multiple tolerance", which has a closer connotation to the concept of tolerance (tasamuh) in Islam - to the extent of displaying the act of receiving and forgiving without losing the sense of being cautious and conscious toward non-Muslim individuals. This embed mental state is set due to the past conflict which leaves a traumatic wound and excessive prejudices toward the non-Muslim community. However, in daily life, the Muslim ex-combatants still demonstrate an open and sincere conducts toward the non-Muslims-socialize and mingle with all. The Muslim ex-combatants have proven themselves to be an important role in taking part of the peace process in Maluku. The proposed dialogue and tolerance are designated for mutual tranquility and prosperity, with the basis of Islamic fundamental values.

Hard coral Porites lutea is an animal that lives on the ocean floor. This species may live for years and accumulate heavy metals from its surrounding environments. The aims of this study was to know accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cu) pollution by Porites lutea at different islands in Spermonde Archipelago waters. This study used field surveys around Laelae, Bonebatang and Badi Islands of South Sulawesi. Field parameters measured were oceanographic parameters, metals in water and sediment. Hard coral was extracted using nitric acid, then measured its heavy metal levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Several field parameters such as temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH and dissolved oxygen indicated no differences at each location, whereas the difference was observed in the values of Total Suspended Solid and dissolved oxygen. The results showed the accumulation of heavy metals in the skeleton of Porites lutea was Pb>Cu>Cd and Laelae>Bonebatang>Badi Island.

Perdagangan atau jual beli merupakan salah satu kegiatan bisnis yang menyebabkan terjadinya transaksi antara penjual dan pembeli mengenai suatu obyek atau barang tertentu. Islam sebagai agama yang sempurna mengajarkan bagaimana cara bertransaksi yang benar, aturan tersebut dikenal dengan etika bisnis Islam. Walaupun Islam mengatur etika berbisnis antar sesama manusia, namun tidak dipungkiri banyak masyarakat yang notabene beragama islampun sering mengabaikan. Hal ini menyebabkan permasalahan tersendiri terutama berkaitan dengan transaksi jual beli yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat, ada beberapa faktor yang menurut penulis menjadi penyebab masyarakat tidak melaksanakan praktik jual beli sesuai dengan syariat Islam, salah satunya adalah faktor edukasi, budaya, perilaku dan tata nilai yang berlaku pada masyarakat. Oleh kerenanya penting kiranya untuk mengkaji lebih jauh tentang praktik jual beli yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, penulis tertarik untuk menganalisa lebih dalam mengenai praktik jual beli di pasar hewan khususnya di daerah Pasirian Kabupaten Lumajang, mengingat pasar merupakan tempat bertemunya penjual dan pembeli secara langsung yang didalamnya terdapat beberapa pelaku yang terlibat secara langsung yaitu: penjual, pembeli dan perantara. Tidak hanya itu, faktor budaya juga menjadi daya tarik tersendiri, karena setiap daerah memiliki cara tersendiri dalam melakukan transaksi jual beli hewan.

Investasi merupakan salah satu bentuk pemanfaatan dana yang dapat menghasilkan keuntungan bagi pemilik dana. Investasi memiliki berbagai macam bentuk, misalnya deposito, saham, obligasi, maupun reksa dana. Salah satu bentuk investasi syari’ah adalah reksa dana syari’ah. Saat ini, reksa dana syari’ah merupakan investasi yang menarik bagi masyarakat yang ingin berinvestasi sesuai dengan syari’ah. Reksa dana syari’ah merupakan alternatif investasi yang hanya menempatkan dana pada debitor yang tidak melanggar batasan syari’ah, dalam fundamental maupun operasional perusahaan, sesuai fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Reksa dana syariah merupakan sarana investasi yang menggabungkan saham dan obligasi syari’ah dalam satu produk yang dikelola oleh manajer investasi. Manajer investasi menawarkan reksa dana syari’ah kepada para investor yang berminat, sementara dana yang diperoleh dari investor tersebut dikelola oleh manajer investasi untuk ditanamkan dalam saham atau obligasi syari’ah yang dinilai menguntungkan. Kegiatan investasi yang bernafaskan islam khususnya reksadana syari’ah akan menarik, terutama karena memberi keyakinan bahwa kegiatan investasi juga merupakan sebentuk kegiatan muamalah (keperdataan) dalam Islam. Reksa Dana Syari’ah ini dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif masyarakat Indonesia yang mayoritas muslim untuk ikut serta dalam kegiatan pasar modal dengan cara yang halal, sesuai syari’at agama. Mengingat hal tersebut, Indonesia jelas merupakan pasar potensial untuk tumbuhnya investasi yang bersifat syariah. Adapun rumusan masalah yang penulis angkat meliputi : Pengertian, sejarah, prinsip transaksi, jenis, produk dan bagaimana mekanisme operasional legalitas hukum dan perkembangan reksadana syariah. Adapun tujuannya yaitu: Untuk mengetahui pengertian, sejarah, prinsip - prinsip transaksi, jenis – jenis, produk serta untuk mengetahui mekanisme operasional legalitas hukum dan perkembangan reksadana syariah.

This study aims to know the relation between religiousity (X1) and psychological well being (Y), the relation between optimism (X2) and psychological well being (Y), as well as the relation between social support (X3) and psychological well being (Y) of students of MAN in the entire Malang city. This study was a non-experimental study with causal relationship study plan. The result of this research showed that there was a positive significant between X1 and Y, X2 and Y, X3 and Y; X1, X2, X3 had strong linear relation with Y; the influence of the three independent logical well being (Y), optimism (X2) dan psychological well being (Y), social support (X3) and psychological well being (Y) student of MAN se-Kota Malang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan religiusitas (X1) dan psychological well being (Y), optimis (X2) dan psychological well being (Y), social support (X3) dan psychological well being (Y) peserta didik MAN se-kota Malang. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah non experimental research dengan jenis penelitian causal relationship study. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan positif signifikan antara X1 dan Y, X2 dan Y, X3 dan Y; X1, X2, X3 memiliki hubungan linear yang kuat dengan Y; pengaruh ketiga variabel independen psychological well being (Y), optimism (X2) dan psychological well being (Y), social support (X3) dan psychological well being (Y) peserta didik MAN se-Kota Malang.

Kebutuhan akan listrik di kapal saat ini sangat tinggi, karena hampir semua aktivitas di kapal seperti berlayar, bermanuver, bongkar muat dan lego jangkar membutuhkan konsumsi listrik yang besar. Pada berbagai macam kondisi tersebut perlu diketahui seberapa besar nilai losses tegangan atau tegangan jatuh dan cara untuk melakukan perbaikan tegangan jatuh. Pada penulisan tugas akhir akan dikaji secara teknis cara melakukan perhitungan tegangan jatuh secara manual dan membandingkannya dengan simulasi software. Pada simulasi software digunakan load flow analysis dan motor acceleration analysis sebagai metode untuk melakukan perhitungan tegangan jatuh secara simulasi. Hasil yang diperoleh terdapat tegangan jatuh terbesar pada kondisi maneuver, saat starting bow thruster terdapat tegangan jatuh selama 60 detik yang tidak sesuai dengan standar IEC 5% dan tidak direkomendasikan oleh IEEE. Setelah dilakukan perbaikan pada bow thruster dengan cara menaikkan tap transformator sebesar 2,5% dengan tegangan sekunder 400V pada hasil running load flow analysis dan memberi kapasitor sebesar 2000 kVAr, tegangan jatuh pada hasil running motor acceleration analysis tegangan jatuh dapat diturunkan menjadi 13 detik yang sesuai dengan standar IEC dan rekomendasi IEEE.

In this paper, we report the effects of a side-polished fiber (SPF) coated with titanium (Ti) films in different thicknesses, namely 5 nm, 13 nm, and 36 nm, protected by a thin layer of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2), which provide ultra-sensitive sensor-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) covering from the visible to mid-infrared region. The SPF deposited with Ti exhibits strong evanescent field interaction with the MoS2 and WS2, and good optical absorption, hence resulting in high-sensitivity performance. Incremental increases in the thickness of the Ti layer contribute to the enhancement of the intensity of transmission with redshift and broad spectra. The findings show that the optimum thickness of Ti with 36 nm combined with MoS2 causes weak redshifts of the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) mode, while the same thickness of Ti with WS2 causes large blueshifts. The redshifts are possibly due to a reduced plasmon-coupling effect with the excitonic region of MoS2. The observed blueshifts of the LSPR peak position are possibly due to surface modification between WS2 and Ti. Changing the relative humidity from 58% to 88% only elicited a response in Ti/MoS2. Thus, MoS2 shows more sensitivity on 36-nm thickness of Ti compared with WS2. Therefore, the proposed fiber-optic sensor with integration of 2D materials is capable of measuring humidity in any environment.

Service innovations in the service industry will improve its ability to compete in maintenance as well as increase the number of customers. Measuring service innovations according to the characteristics of the automobile industry is important. Thus, the aim of this paper is to develop a model to measure service innovation in the automobile service industry. A structural equation model is created based on theory and previous models. Data about the industry’s perception of service innovation are collected from questionnaires in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Samples were collected from 61 authorized automobile service centers. The results indicate that customer demand, competition, and a knowledge-based network as enabler factors are positively correlated with service innovation. Furthermore, a new service concept, new client interface, new service delivery system, and new technology options are positively related to service innovation. Finally, service innovation has a significant positive effect on a firm’s performance. This study developed an effective service innovation model of the automobile service industry.

Porcupine bezoars (PBs) are masses of undigested calcareous concretions formed within the gastrointestinal tract. There are undocumented claims that PBs have antioxidant activity and can treat cancers. However, limited scientific study has been carried out to verify these traditional claims. Hence, this study was conducted to characterize the chemical profile and validate the antioxidant and anticancer activity against melanoma cells (A375). PB extract was initially subjected to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography⁻mass spectrometry (GCMS), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) analyses. The bioautography of antioxidant assays, namely 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH), and β-carotene was performed. An in vitro A375 cell viability assay, apoptosis assay, cell cycle arrest assay, and gene expression assay were carried out as well. The experimental finding revealed 5,10-diethoxy-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-1H,6H-dipyrrolo[1,2-a:1′,2′-d]pyrazine, ursodeoxycholic acid, and cholest-5-en-3-ol (3 beta)-, carbonochloridate are major compounds detected in PB extract. PB extract has low phenolic content, viz. 698.7 ± 0.93 (µg GAE/5 mg dry weight). The bioautography antioxidant assays revealed a potent antioxidant effect (ABTS > DPPH > β-carotene), with free radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, PB extract exhibited dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cancer activity on A375 cells due to the exhibition of apoptosis via an intrinsic pathway.

Acceptance sampling is one of the essential areas of quality control. In a conventional environment, probability theory is used to study acceptance sampling plans. In some situations, it is not possible to apply conventional techniques due to vagueness in the values emerging from the complexities of processor measurement methods. There are two types of acceptance sampling plans: attribute and variable. One of the important elements in attribute acceptance sampling is the proportion of defective items. In some situations, this proportion is not a precise value, but vague. In this case, it is suitable to apply flexible techniques to study the fuzzy proportion. Fuzzy set theory is used to investigate such concepts. It is observed there is no research available to apply Birnbaum-Saunders distribution in fuzzy acceptance sampling. In this article, it is assumed that the proportion of defective items is fuzzy and follows the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution. A single acceptance sampling plan, based on binomial distribution, is used to design the fuzzy operating characteristic (FOC) curve. Results are illustrated with examples. One real-life example is also presented in the article. The results show the behavior of curves with different combinations of parameters of Birnbaum-Saunders distribution. The novelty of this study is to use the probability distribution function of Birnbaum-Saunders distribution as a proportion of defective items and find the acceptance probability in a fuzzy environment. This is an application of Birnbaum-Saunders distribution in fuzzy acceptance sampling.

Conventional control charts are one of the most important techniques in statistical process control which are used to assess the performance of processes to see whether they are in- or out-of-control. As traditional control charts deal with crisp data, they are not suitable to study unclear, vague, and fuzzy data. In many real-world applications, however, the data to be used in a control charting method are not crisp since they are approximated due to environmental uncertainties and systematic ambiguities involved in the systems under investigation. In these situations, fuzzy numbers and linguistic variables are used to grab such uncertainties. That is why the use of a fuzzy control chart, in which fuzzy data are used, is justified. As an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme is usually used to detect small shifts, in this paper a fuzzy EWMA (F-EWMA) control chart is proposed to detect small shifts in the process mean when fuzzy data are available. The application of the newly developed fuzzy control chart is illustrated using real-life data.

Background: Lithium organic compounds are considered safe in use as compare to inorganic compounds of lithium for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. The aim of present study was to check the effect of lithium citrate on tripeptide master antioxidant glutathione of cytosolic fraction of human blood. Material & Methods: It was an experimental study which was conducted in PhD research laboratory in Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Pakistan, from January 2013 to March 2014.Blood components were separated by centrifugation at 10000 – 12000 rpm for 10 minutes method. The supernatant pale yellow layer was cytosolic fraction or lysate. 50μl of 0.1N HCl solution was added to keep GSH in reduced form. Results: The cytosolic fraction GSH level was decreased significantly (p

Soil microbial properties are frequently used as indicators of soil fertility. However, the linkage of these properties with crop biomass is poorly documented especially in biochar amended soil with high carbon:nitrogen (C:N). A short-term field trial was conducted to observe the growth response of maize to biochar treatment in a highly weathered Ultisol of humid tropics and to observe the possible linkage of the measured microbial properties with maize biomass. Soil microbial biomass (carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P)), enzyme activity (β-glucosidase, urease, phosphodiesterase) and gene abundance (bacterial 16S rRNA, fungal ITS) were analyzed. For comparison, total soil C, N, and P were also analyzed. The data revealed no significant linkage of soil C, N, and P with maize biomass. A significant association of enzyme activity and gene abundance with maize biomass was not recorded. Strong positive correlation between maize above ground biomass with microbial biomass N was found (r = 0.9186, p < 0.01). Significant negative correlation was recorded between microbial biomass C:N with maize biomass (r = −0.8297, p < 0.05). These statistically significant linkages observed between microbial biomass and maize biomass suggests that microbial biomass can reflect the soil nutrient status, and possibly plant nutrient uptake. Estimation of microbial biomass can be used as a fertility indicator in soil amended with high C:N organic matter in the humid tropics.

Background: Environmental pollution of transition metals especially of mercury is of great concern to the researchers in medical field since long. Mercury causes oxidative stress in all the cells including lymphocytes of the human immune system. Effect of inorganic compound of mercury was compare with our own report of effect of organic compound of mercury on T and B lymphocytes in human blood. Material & Methods: The present experimental work was design to analyze the concentration and time dependent effect of mercuric chloride on the chemical modulation of T and B-lymphocytes GSH of human blood. Terasaki technique for lymphocytes isolation and then subsequently separation of T and B-cells was used. Quantification of thiol in T and B-cells was done by Ellman’s method. Results: The lowest used concentration of mercuric chloride depleted T and B-cells GSH level 2.115 μM (27.34%) and 2.019 μM (32.41%) respectively which was significant (p

ABSTRACT Background: Lithium carbonate is commonly used as mood stabilizing agent but it is so toxic that even its therapeutic dose can cause toxicity. Present work was design with the aim that whether it has any affect on reduced form of glutathione in human erythrocytes or not. Material & Methods: It was an experimental study conducted in PhD research laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal university D.I.Khan during the month of January 2013.Six human volunteer’s of age group 21-24 years were selected for obtaining fresh blood. Exactly 12ml blood was collected from each volunteer. Erythrocyte’s GSH was treated with different concentrations of lithium carbonate. One-way ANNOVA was applied to test the statistical significance. Results: The decrease in erythrocytes GSH was 68.32%, 65.84%, 62.98%, 61.10%, 59.10% and 56.99% respectively from lowest to highest used concentration of lithium carbonate (Fig 1). A significant decrease in GSH level was observed as lowest one concentration of lithium carbonate has significantly (p

Background: The use of phenyl mercuric acetate as fungicides and herbicides has much increased in the recent years hence there are greater chances of mercury uptake by humans. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of phenyl mercuric acetate on human immune system. Material & Methods: This experimental study was conducted in PhD Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Pakistan, from December 2012 to January 2013. Terasaki technique was employed to isolate components of white blood cells which is a density gradient separation technique carried out with suitable medium. This medium separate the components of WBC’s density-wise through centrifugation process. Results: In case of T-cells, the drop in T-cells GSH contents by all used concentrations (0.0001-2.0mM) of phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA) with respect to T-cells GSH control was 76.71% (2.306 μM), 73.52% (2.210 μM), 70.99% (2.134 μM), 64.64% (1.943μM), 61.68% (1.854μM) and 59.31% (1.783μM) respectively. The level of GSH content was depleted significantly (p

AbstrakDiabetes mellitus menjadi ancaman global yang bersifat serius dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat. Banyaknya teori patogenesis dan perjalanan penyakit yang melibatkan interaksi kompleks banyak faktor menyebabkan pendekatan terapi diabetes masih berpusat pada tindakan preventif dan diagnosis diabetes ditegakkan sepenuhnya dari ada atau tidaknya hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hiperglikemia terhadap gambaran histopatologis pulau Langerhans mencit. Dua puluh empat (24) mencit Swiss Albino jantan dibagi dalam empat kelompok: satu kelompok kontrol (K) dan tiga kelompok perlakuan (G1, G2, G3). Kelompok perlakuan diinduksi untuk mengalami hiperglikemia melalui pemberian glukosa intraperitoneal dengan dosis berbeda (G1=2g/kgBB, G2=4g/kgBB, G3=6g/kgBB) selama 14 hari. Hasil analisis morfometrik menunjukan bahwa luas dan diameter pulau Langerhans meningkat pada kelompok G1 (p0.05). Densitas pulau Langerhans meningkat pada seluruh kelompok perlakuan (pKata kunci: hiperglikemia, pulau Langerhans, gambaran histopatologisAbstractDiabetes mellitus become a serious health threat which prevalence have been increasing steadily all over the world. With complex interactions of risk factors on the disease, therapeutic approach of diabetes still centered on preventive measures and diagnosis was made entirely from the presence of hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hyperglycemia on histopathological features of islet of Langerhans, we examined pancreatic tissues from 24 male Swiss Albino mice: 6 control (K) and 18 glucose-treated mice with 3 different doses (G1=2g/kg, G2=4g/kg, G3=6g/kg) for 14 days to induce hyperglycemia. Morphometric analysis of islet of Langerhans on H&E-stained pancreatic sections showed that the islet area and diameter were increased in group G1 (48607.13 μm2 and 240713.25 nm, respectively; p0.05). Islet density was slightly increased in all treated group (pKeywords: hyperglycemia, islet of Langerhans,histopathologic features

Background: Cadmium causes oxidative stress because this metal lacerate antioxidant defense system in intracellular as well as extra cellular compartments resulting in depletion of reduced glutathione or GSH contents in these areas. This study was designed to estimate spectrophotometrically the depletion of GSH in plasma/cytosolic fraction of human blood for which Ellman’s method was used. Material & Methods: This experimental study was conducted in PhD Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University D.I.Khan during the month of December 2012. Fresh human volunteer’s 12000 μl venous blood was taken, for which 4 healthy volunteers age 22-27 years with no previous history of illness or long illness (having no history of any disease or abnormality) were selected. Plasma/cytosolic fraction GSH was exposed to various concentrations of cadmium and paired t-Test was applied to test the statistical significance. Results: It was found that even lowest most concentration of cadmium has statistically significantly (p

Timbunan jalan pendekat jembatan (oprit) adalah segmen yang menghubungkan konstruksi perkerasan dengan abutmen, yang harus didesain sehingga aman terhadap kekuatan dan kestabilan abutmen. Akibat beban seismik pada jembatan nirsambungan, kontribusi tanah urugan oprit terhadap respon struktur jembatan mempunyai peran. Pada studi-studi sebelumnya, telah dikaji akibat beban seismik penggunaan link slab sebagai pengganti expansion joint pada jembatan, tanpa memperhitungkan pengaruh tanah oprit. Atas dasar kajian tersebut, pada tulisan ini distudi secara seismik penggunaan link slab pada jembatan komposit sederhana bentang banyak 4x25 meter. Kontribusi tanah oprit didesain sebagai pegas aktif dan pasif pada abutmen yang memiliki nilai kekakuan bervariasi berdasarkan jenis tanahnya. Analisis seismik yang digunakan adalah Metode Statik Ekivalen, Analisis Respon Spektrum dan Analisis Riwayat Waktu dengan 5 rekaman gempa dengan kandungan frekuensi yang berbeda, yang PGA nya diskalakan ke zona gempa [1]. Dalam studi ini Retrofitting dilakukan dengan 2 alternatif, yaitu yang pertama semua expansion joint diganti dengan link slab, hanya menyisakan satu expansion joint di tengah jembatan dan yang kedua semua expansion joint diganti dengan link slab. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa kekakuan tanah pada oprit berkontribusi cukup signifikan terhadap respon struktur jembatan. Terjadi pertambahan gaya horisontal pada abutmen yang mencapai 25%. Pada pilar terjadi pengurangan gaya yang mencapai 27%. Dilain fihak tegangan tarik yang terjadi pada penulangan link slab maksimum 19,89%fy, sehingga masih aman terhadap beban gempa rencana dan retak yang terjadi pada link slab masih memenuhi syarat. Yaitu sebesar 50%fy.

We studied a sample of 75 Chinese, 73 Malay, and 29 Indian healthy neonates taking part in a cohort study to examine potential differences in neonatal brain morphology and white matter microstructure as a function of ethnicity using both structural T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We first examined the differences in global size and morphology of the brain among the three groups. We then constructed the T2-weighted MRI and DTI atlases and employed voxel-based analysis to investigate ethnic differences in morphological shape of the brain from the T2-weighted MRI, and white matter microstructure measured by fractional anisotropy derived from DTI. Compared with Malay neonates, the brains of Indian neonates' tended to be more elongated in anterior and posterior axis relative to the superior-inferior axis of the brain even though the total brain volume was similar among the three groups. Although most anatomical regions of the brain were similar among Chinese, Malay, and Indian neonates, there were anatomical variations in the spinal-cerebellar and cortical-striatal-thalamic neural circuits among the three populations. The population-related brain regions highlighted in our study are key anatomical substrates associated with sensorimotor functions.

Disruption of fronto-temporal connections involving the arcuate fasciculus (AF) may underlie language processing anomalies and psychotic features such as auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. No study to date has specifically investigated abnormalities of white matter integrity at particular loci along the AF as well as its regional lateralization in schizophrenia. We examined white matter changes (fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), asymmetry indices) along the whole extent of the AF and their relationship with psychotic symptoms in 32 males with schizophrenia and 44 healthy males. Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping and Fiber Assignment Continuous Tracking were employed to characterize FA and AD along the geometric curve of the AF. Our results showed that patients with schizophrenia had lower FA in the frontal aspects of the left AF compared with healthy controls. Greater left FA and AD lateralization in the temporal segment of AF were associated with more severe positive psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. Disruption of white matter integrity of the left frontal AF and accentuation of normal left greater than right asymmetry of FA/AD in the temporal AF further support the notion of aberrant fronto-temporal connectivity in schizophrenia. AF pathology can affect corollary discharge of neural signals from frontal speech/motor initiation areas to suppress activity of auditory cortex that may influence psychotic phenomena such as auditory hallucinations and facilitate elaboration of delusional content.