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102. Abstract A107: Small Molecule Degraders of the Estrogen Receptor (SERDs): Optimization of the tricyclic indole scaffold beyond AZD9496

Author

Barlaam, Bernard, primary, Breed, Jason, additional, Carbajo, Rodrigo J, additional, Gangl, Eric, additional, Hughes, Samantha, additional, Morrow, Christopher J, additional, Moss, Thomas A, additional, Polanski, Radoslaw, additional, Nissink, Willem M, additional, O'Donovan, Daniel, additional, Varnes, Jeffrey, additional, Yang, Bin, additional, and Scott, James S, additional

Published
2019
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103. Conformational analysis of cyclic tetrapeptides by global energy minimisation calculations

Author

Morrow, Christopher

Subjects
547
Abstract

An algorithm, based on Molecular Mechanics calculations, was developed to locate the Global Minimum Energy Conformation (GMEC) of cyclic molecules. This was used to find the GMEC of cyclotetraglycyl and also those conformations within 20 kcal/mole of this conformation. The resulting conformation is composed of four trans amino acids and has S4 symmetry. The calculated GMEC corresponds to an observed crystal structure of dihydrochlamydocin and to a proposed conformation of cyclotetraglycyI itself. The ring conformations of all observed cyclic tetra -peptides and -depsipeptides were found to correspond, more or less exactly, to some conformation in the calculated low energy set of cyclotetraglycyl. Only one exception was found and this seems to be an intermediate between two calculated conformations. The algorithm has now been further streamlined into a single computer program and is currently being used to locate the GMEC of cycloalkanes (e. g. cycloundecane) in this department and elsewhere. Calculations were also performed on various derivatives of cyclotetraglycyl. Protonation and N-Methylation were found to profoundly alter the relative energies of the various conformations in the low energy set. It was observed that for these derivatives the cis, trans, cis, trans sequence of amino acids is more stable than the all trans sequence. In addition to peptides the conformations of other 12-membered rings were found to correspond to members of the calculated set of conformations. These included 12-crown-4 ethers and cyclododecanes. In order to facilitate all of these operations a Chemical Graphics System (CGS) was developed. This is an extensive suite of computer programs which utilises a PDP11/40 minicomputer with a VR17 graphics terminal. The CCS allows interactive building and manipulation of molecular models and includes various advanced features. Foremost of these is the dynamic rotation facility which allows the user to observe a structure as it rotates about the X, Y or Z axis. Measurement of distances. angles and torsion angles is easy and the constructed structure can be directly used as input to a Molecular Mechanics calculation.

Published
1978

104. Metabolism in the Midwest: research from the Midwest Aging Consortium at the 49th Annual Meeting of the American Aging Association.

Author

Murphy, Michaela E., Narasimhan, Akilavalli, Adrian, Alexis, Kumar, Ankur, Green, Cara L., Soto-Palma, Carolina, Henpita, Chathurika, Camell, Christina, Morrow, Christopher S., Yeh, Chung-Yang, Richardson, Claire E., Hill, Cristal M., Moore, Darcie L., Lamming, Dudley W., McGregor, Eric R., Simmons, Heather A., Pak, Heidi H., Bai, Hua, Denu, John M., and Clark, Josef

Subjects
LOW-calorie diet, INTERMEDIATE filament proteins, METABOLISM, OLDER people
Abstract

As the aging population on a global and national scale reaches ever increasing highs, research is essential to reduce the burden of aging and age-related diseases. I Vav-iCre i SP ± sp I ;Ercc1 i SP I -/fl i sp mice are healthy into adulthood, but then display premature onset of immunosenescence characterized by senescence of specific immune cell populations and impaired immune function, similar to changes that occur with aging in wild-type mice. B Dr. Claire Richardson b , University of Wisconsin-Madison, investigated how aging affects neuron cell biology by exploiting the ability of the nematode I Caenorhabditis i elegans to de-couple the symptoms of aging from chronological age [[61]]. They discovered that morphological aging is cell-intrinsically controlled by focusing on features of neuron morphological aging. LSD1 also targets non-histone proteins p53 and RelA/p65, which contribute to senescence and the secretory phenotype of senescent cells (senescence-associated secretory phenotype or SASP). [Extracted from the article]

Published
2022
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105. Donor-initiated common pool resource institutions: the case of the Yanesha Forestry Cooperative

Author

Morrow, Christopher E. and Hull, Rebecca Watts

Subjects
Peru -- Environmental aspects, Cooperatives -- Management, Business, international, Economics, International relations
Abstract

Several authors have drawn on case studies of successful common pool resource (CPR) institutions to develop principles for predicting when a CPR regime will form and the likelihood of its success once created (Ostrom, 1990). This paper examines the development and dissolution of the Yanesha Forestry Cooperative in the Palcazu Valley of Peru to test the relevance of Ostrom's CPR design principles to indigenous forest management regimes involving donor assistance and other external influences. The paper expands several principles and suggests ways in which external agencies can assist more effectively in the development of durable common pool resource institutions.

Published
1996

106. Growth management in the city of San Diego: planning the future now

Author

Copperssmith, Randi F., Miller, Richard L., and Morrow, Christopher J.

Subjects
City planning -- Management, Economic development -- Planning, Government, Sociology and social work
Abstract

The city of San Diego has historically embraced growth management as an important element of its planning programs. In the mid-1970s, the city of San Diego embarked on what would become a model growth-management program for larger cities throughout the country. One fundamental aspect of the city's program is the division of the city into three distinct areas or tiers; these tiers are known as urbanized, planned urbanizing, and future urbanizing. These three tiers comprise the basic element of the city's growth-management efforts, and they have been used to locate and focus areas of development. The purposes of this paper include: (1) Provision of a brief history of San Diego's growth-management plan; (2) a reexamination of each tier's status with respect to current conditions; (3) demonstration of the need to plan the future urbanizing area; and (4) discussion of applicable lessons for other jurisdictions. All of the information used in this analysis is public in nature.

Published
1993

107. Building Bridges in a Series of Estrogen Receptor Degraders: An Application of Metathesis in Medicinal Chemistry

Author

Scott, James S., primary, Breed, Jason, additional, Carbajo, Rodrigo J., additional, Davey, Paul R., additional, Greenwood, Ryan, additional, Huynh, Hoan K., additional, Klinowska, Teresa, additional, Morrow, Christopher J., additional, Moss, Thomas A., additional, Polanski, Radoslaw, additional, Nissink, J. Willem M., additional, Varnes, Jeffrey, additional, and Yang, Bin, additional

Published
2019
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111. Tricyclic Indazoles—A Novel Class of Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader Antagonists

Author

Scott, James S., primary, Bailey, Andrew, additional, Buttar, David, additional, Carbajo, Rodrigo J., additional, Curwen, Jon, additional, Davey, Paul R. J., additional, Davies, Robert D. M., additional, Degorce, Sébastien L., additional, Donald, Craig, additional, Gangl, Eric, additional, Greenwood, Ryan, additional, Groombridge, Sam D., additional, Johnson, Tony, additional, Lamont, Scott, additional, Lawson, Mandy, additional, Lister, Andrew, additional, Morrow, Christopher J., additional, Moss, Thomas A., additional, Pink, Jennifer H., additional, and Polanski, Radoslaw, additional

Published
2019
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113. The Combination of the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib and the WEE1 Inhibitor AZD1775 as a New Therapeutic Option for Small Cell Lung Cancer

Author

Lallo, Alice, primary, Frese, Kristopher K., additional, Morrow, Christopher J., additional, Sloane, Robert, additional, Gulati, Sakshi, additional, Schenk, Maximillian W., additional, Trapani, Francesca, additional, Simms, Nicole, additional, Galvin, Melanie, additional, Brown, Stewart, additional, Hodgkinson, Cassandra L., additional, Priest, Lynsey, additional, Hughes, Adina, additional, Lai, Zhongwu, additional, Cadogan, Elaine, additional, Khandelwal, Garima, additional, Simpson, Kathryn L., additional, Miller, Crispin, additional, Blackhall, Fiona, additional, O'Connor, Mark J., additional, and Dive, Caroline, additional

Published
2018
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115. Metabolism in the Midwest: research from the Midwest Aging Consortium at the 49thAnnual Meeting of the American Aging Association

Author

Murphy, Michaela E., Narasimhan, Akilavalli, Adrian, Alexis, Kumar, Ankur, Green, Cara L., Soto-Palma, Carolina, Henpita, Chathurika, Camell, Christina, Morrow, Christopher S., Yeh, Chung-Yang, Richardson, Claire E., Hill, Cristal M., Moore, Darcie L., Lamming, Dudley W., McGregor, Eric R., Simmons, Heather A., Pak, Heidi H., Bai, Hua, Denu, John M., Clark, Josef, Simcox, Judith, Chittimalli, Kishore, Dahlquist, Korbyn, Lee, Kyoo-a, Calubag, Mariah, Bouska, Mark, Yousefzadeh, Matthew J., Sonsalla, Michelle, Babygirija, Reji, Yuan, Rong, Tsuji, Tadataka, Rhoads, Timothy, Menon, Vinal, Jarajapu, Yagna PR., and Zhu, Yun

Published
2021
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117. Activating ESR1 Mutations Differentially Affect the Efficacy of ER Antagonists

Author

Toy, Weiyi, primary, Weir, Hazel, additional, Razavi, Pedram, additional, Lawson, Mandy, additional, Goeppert, Anne U., additional, Mazzola, Anne Marie, additional, Smith, Aaron, additional, Wilson, Joanne, additional, Morrow, Christopher, additional, Wong, Wai Lin, additional, De Stanchina, Elisa, additional, Carlson, Kathryn E., additional, Martin, Teresa S., additional, Uddin, Sharmeen, additional, Li, Zhiqiang, additional, Fanning, Sean, additional, Katzenellenbogen, John A., additional, Greene, Geoffrey, additional, Baselga, José, additional, and Chandarlapaty, Sarat, additional

Published
2017
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118. Depression and suicidality in an Afghan refugee: A case report.

Author

Krishna, Nithin and Morrow, Christopher B

Subjects
*MENTAL depression, *DISCRIMINATION (Sociology), *EMIGRATION & immigration, *PSYCHOLOGY of refugees, *SOCIAL isolation, *SUICIDE, *VIOLENCE, *WAR
Abstract

We report the case of a young male refugee from Afghanistan who presented after a violent suicide attempt, likely precipitated in part by discrimination and social isolation experienced after immigrating to the United States. Common psychiatric comorbidities associated with immigration from war-torn nations are reviewed with a particular emphasis on how adequate screening and additional resources for vulnerable refugees during and after immigration continues to be an unmet need. Our findings suggest that there is a critical need and additional studies should be conducted, not only to identify at risk refugee populations but also to prevent potentially violent behavior. Our findings also suggest a lack of an optimal screening tool and shed light on the struggles of refugees, particularly those from Afghanistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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119. Tricyclic IndazolesA Novel Class of Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader Antagonists.

Author

Scott, James S., Bailey, Andrew, Buttar, David, Carbajo, Rodrigo J., Curwen, Jon, Davey, Paul R. J., Davies, Robert D. M., Degorce, Sébastien L., Donald, Craig, Gangl, Eric, Greenwood, Ryan, Groombridge, Sam D., Johnson, Tony, Lamont, Scott, Lawson, Mandy, Lister, Andrew, Morrow, Christopher J., Moss, Thomas A., Pink, Jennifer H., and Polanski, Radoslaw

Published
2019
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120. Identification and Targeting of Long-Term Tumor-Propagating Cells in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Author

Jahchan, Nadine S., Lim, Jing Shan, Bola, Becky, Morris, Karen, Seitz, Garrett, Tran, Kim Q., Xu, Lei, Trapani, Francesca, Morrow, Christopher J., Cristea, Sandra, Coles, Garry L., Yang, Dian, Vaka, Dedeepya, Kareta, Michael S., George, Julie, Mazur, Pawel K., Nguyen, Thuyen, Anderson, Wade C., Dylla, Scott J., Blackhall, Fiona, Peifer, Martin, Dive, Caroline, Sage, Julien, Jahchan, Nadine S., Lim, Jing Shan, Bola, Becky, Morris, Karen, Seitz, Garrett, Tran, Kim Q., Xu, Lei, Trapani, Francesca, Morrow, Christopher J., Cristea, Sandra, Coles, Garry L., Yang, Dian, Vaka, Dedeepya, Kareta, Michael S., George, Julie, Mazur, Pawel K., Nguyen, Thuyen, Anderson, Wade C., Dylla, Scott J., Blackhall, Fiona, Peifer, Martin, Dive, Caroline, and Sage, Julien

Abstract

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a neuroendocrine lung cancer characterized by fast growth, early dissemination, and rapid resistance to chemotherapy. We identified a population of long-term tumor-propagating cells (TPCs) in a mouse model of SCLC. This population, marked by high levels of EpCAM and CD24, is also prevalent in human primary SCLC tumors. Murine SCLC TPCs are numerous and highly proliferative but not intrinsically chemoresistant, indicating that not all clinical features of SCLC are linked to TPCs. SCLC TPCs possess a distinct transcriptional profile compared to non-TPCs, including elevated MYC activity. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of MYC in SCLC cells to non-TPC levels inhibits long-term propagation but not short-term growth. These studies identify a highly tumorigenic population of SCLC cells in mouse models, cell lines, and patient tumors and a means to target them in this most fatal form of lung cancer.

Published
2016

121. BMX Acts Downstream of PI3K to Promote Colorectal Cancer Cell Survival and Pathway Inhibition Sensitizes to the BH3 Mimetic ABT-73712

Author

Potter, Danielle S, Kelly, Paul, Denneny, Olive, Juvin, Veronique, Stephens, Len R, Dive, Caroline, and Morrow, Christopher J

Subjects
Sulfonamides, Cell Survival, Pyridines, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Biphenyl Compounds, Antineoplastic Agents, Apoptosis, Drug Synergism, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, HCT116 Cells, Piperazines, Nitrophenols, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Pyrimidines, Humans, Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein, Colorectal Neoplasms, Furans, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Research Article, Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer, and reversing this process by inhibition of survival signaling pathways is a potential therapeutic strategy. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling can promote cell survival and is upregulated in solid tumor types, including colorectal cancer (CRC), although these effects are context dependent. The role of PI3K in tumorigenesis combined with their amenability to specific inhibition makes them attractive drug targets. However, we observed that inhibition of PI3K in HCT116, DLD-1, and SW620 CRC cells did not induce apoptotic cell death. Moreover, these cells were relatively resistant to the Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3) mimetic ABT-737, which directly targets the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis regulators. To test the hypothesis that PI3K inhibition lowers the apoptotic threshold without causing apoptosis per se, PI3K inhibitors were combined with ABT-737. PI3K inhibition enhanced ABT-737-induced apoptosis by 2.3- to 4.5-fold and reduced expression levels of MCL-1, the resistance biomarker for ABT-737. PI3K inhibition enhanced ABT-737-induced apoptosis a further 1.4- to 2.4-fold in CRC cells with small interfering RNA-depleted MCL-1, indicative of additional sensitizing mechanisms. The observation that ABT-737-induced apoptosis was unaffected by inhibition of PI3K downstream effectors AKT and mTOR, implicated a novel PI3K-dependant pathway. To elucidate this, an RNA interference (RNAi) screen of potential downstream effectors of PI3K signaling was conducted, which demonstrated that knockdown of the TEC kinase BMX sensitized to ABT-737. This suggests that BMX is an antiapoptotic downstream effector of PI3K, independent of AKT.

Published
2014

122. Molecular analysis of circulating tumor cells identifies distinct copy-number profiles in patients with chemosensitive and chemorefractory small-cell lung cancer

Author

Carter, Louise, primary, Rothwell, Dominic G, additional, Mesquita, Barbara, additional, Smowton, Christopher, additional, Leong, Hui Sun, additional, Fernandez-Gutierrez, Fabiola, additional, Li, Yaoyong, additional, Burt, Deborah J, additional, Antonello, Jenny, additional, Morrow, Christopher J, additional, Hodgkinson, Cassandra L, additional, Morris, Karen, additional, Priest, Lynsey, additional, Carter, Mathew, additional, Miller, Crispin, additional, Hughes, Andrew, additional, Blackhall, Fiona, additional, Dive, Caroline, additional, and Brady, Ged, additional

Published
2016
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126. Abstract PL04-04: Developing circulating tumor cell derived explant models (CDX)

Author

Dive, Caroline, primary, Frese, Kris, additional, Galvin, Melanie, additional, Lallo, Alice, additional, Hodgkinson, Cassandra, additional, Morrow, Christopher, additional, Simpson, Kathryn, additional, Trappani, Francesca, additional, Williamson, Stuart, additional, Priest, Lynsey, additional, Girotti, Romina, additional, Miller, Crispin, additional, Brady, Ged, additional, Marais, Richard, additional, and Blackhall, Fiona, additional

Published
2016
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127. Identification and Targeting of Long-Term Tumor-Propagating Cells in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Author

Jahchan, Nadine S., primary, Lim, Jing Shan, additional, Bola, Becky, additional, Morris, Karen, additional, Seitz, Garrett, additional, Tran, Kim Q., additional, Xu, Lei, additional, Trapani, Francesca, additional, Morrow, Christopher J., additional, Cristea, Sandra, additional, Coles, Garry L., additional, Yang, Dian, additional, Vaka, Dedeepya, additional, Kareta, Michael S., additional, George, Julie, additional, Mazur, Pawel K., additional, Nguyen, Thuyen, additional, Anderson, Wade C., additional, Dylla, Scott J., additional, Blackhall, Fiona, additional, Peifer, Martin, additional, Dive, Caroline, additional, and Sage, Julien, additional

Published
2016
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131. Clinical activity of camizestrant, a next-generation SERD, versus fulvestrant in patients with a detectable ESR1 mutation: Exploratory analysis of the SERENA-2 phase 2 trial.

Author

Oliveira, Mafalda, Pominchuk, Denys, Hamilton, Erika P., Kulyaba, Yaroslav, Melkadze, Tamar, Neven, Patrick, Nemsadze, Gia, Andabekov, Timur, Semegen, Yuriy, Hotko, Yevhen, Zamagni, Claudio, Vladimirov, Vladimir, Bennett, Maxine, Ciardullo, Carmela, Klinowska, Teresa, Lindemann, Justin P O, McEwen, Robert, Morrow, Christopher J., and Arkania, Ekaterine

Published
2023
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132. Development of a circulating miRNA assay to monitor tumor burden: From mouse to man

Author

Greystoke, Alastair, primary, Ayub, Mahmood, additional, Rothwell, Dominic G., additional, Morris, Dan, additional, Burt, Deborah, additional, Hodgkinson, Cassandra L., additional, Morrow, Christopher J., additional, Smith, Nigel, additional, Aung, Kyaw, additional, Valle, Juan, additional, Carter, Louise, additional, Blackhall, Fiona, additional, Dive, Caroline, additional, and Brady, Ged, additional

Published
2015
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136. Abstract 3060: Circulating tumor cells from small cell lung cancer patients are tumorigenic

Author

Morrow, Christopher J., primary, Hodgkinson, Cassandra L., additional, Li, Yaoyong, additional, Metcalf, Robert, additional, Rothwell, Dominic, additional, Trapani, Francesca, additional, Polanski, Radoslaw, additional, Burt, Debbie, additional, Simpson, Kathryn, additional, Morris, Karen, additional, Pepper, Stuart, additional, Nonaka, Daisuke, additional, Greystole, Alastair, additional, Kelly, Paul, additional, Krebs, Matthew, additional, Antonello, Jenny, additional, Ayub, Mahmood, additional, Faulkner, Suzanne, additional, Priest, Lynsey, additional, Carter, Louise, additional, Tate, Catriona, additional, Miller, Crispin J., additional, Blackhall, Fiona, additional, Brady, Ged, additional, and Dive, Caroline, additional

Published
2014
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137. Activity of the Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 Inhibitor AZD3965 in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Author

Polański, Radosław, primary, Hodgkinson, Cassandra L., additional, Fusi, Alberto, additional, Nonaka, Daisuke, additional, Priest, Lynsey, additional, Kelly, Paul, additional, Trapani, Francesca, additional, Bishop, Paul W., additional, White, Anne, additional, Critchlow, Susan E., additional, Smith, Paul D., additional, Blackhall, Fiona, additional, Dive, Caroline, additional, and Morrow, Christopher J., additional

Published
2014
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139. Predictors of length of stay for initial hospitalization in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Author

Morrow, Christopher B., McGrath-Morrow, Sharon A., and Collaco, Joseph M.

Abstract

Objective: Longer initial hospitalizations for preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) can delay family bonding and attainment of developmental milestones, increase the risk for hospital acquired complications, and increase healthcare costs. The goal of the study was to identify the characteristics associated with longer lengths of hospitalization in this high-risk population. Study design: A retrospective analysis was performed on 660 children (born ≤32 weeks gestation) discharged from 13 Maryland NICUs recruited into an outpatient BPD registry. Result: The mean age of discharge was 4.3 ± 2.9 months (median: 3.7 months). Subjects born with lower birthweights and covered by public insurance had longer lengths of hospitalization. Clinical characteristics at discharge associated with longer initial hospitalizations included gastrostomy tube, mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, pulmonary hypertension, and supplemental oxygen. Conclusion: Identifying the risk factors associated with longer lengths of stay could prompt the implementation of personalized in-hospital interventions to improve outcomes and minimize length of stay in infants with BPD.

Published
2018
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140. Stretch Forming Studies on Thermoplastic Composite

Author

Morrow, Christopher, Dhar Malingam, Sivakumar, Venkatesan, Sudharshan, Kalyanasundaram, Shankar, Morrow, Christopher, Dhar Malingam, Sivakumar, Venkatesan, Sudharshan, and Kalyanasundaram, Shankar

Published
2010

141. Hyperorality in Frontotemporal dementia: Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neuroanatomic Profiles in Early‐Stage Disease.

Author

Morrow, Christopher, Kamath, Vidyulata, and Onyike, Chiadi U.

Abstract

Background: Hyperorality represents a key feature observed in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). While hyperorality is common in advanced cases of bvFTD, less is known about its frequency in early‐stage disease. The cognitive, behavioral, and neuroanatomic patterns of patients with early stage bvFTD and hyperorality have also not been well established. The primary aim of this study is to describe the frequency of hyperorality in a sample of patients with early stage bvFTD while also exploring patterns of cognitive, behavioral, and neuroanatomic change. Method: Data are from subjects enrolled in the ALLFTD study, an established US consortium with an ongoing cohort study of FTD. Cognitive profiles were assessed using validated neuropsychological batteries, and social behavior was measured using validated scales. Psychiatric states were coded as binary variables. Differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared using t‐tests for continuous variables and Pearson χ2 tests for categorical variables. Statistical significance was based on p values <0.05. Result: We enrolled 1,694 subjects, comprising 145 with a CDR® plus NACC FTLD global score less than or equal to 1 at the first visit who were used in our analysis. 50% of subjects exhibited hyperorality. There were no demographic differences between groups other than CDR global scores which were higher in the hyperorality group (0.8 versus 0.7, p = 0.003). Cognitive profiles encompassing domains of processing speed, language, executive functioning, memory, and attention did not differ between groups. Subjects with hyperorality had lower scores on scales of self‐monitoring, empathetic concern, and perspective taking. Subjects with hyperorality had higher rates of motor disturbance, and ritualistic/compulsive behaviors. There were no volumetric differences in neuroanatomic regions of interest. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that hyperorality is common in early stage bvFTD, arising prior to cognitive and neuroanatomic changes. Hyperorality travels with motor disturbances and ritualistic/compulsive behaviors alongside eroding social behavioral functioning. Hyperorality may serve as an early signal of disease, providing an opportunity for intervention prior to significant neurodegeneration using novel therapeutics and non‐invasive brain stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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143. [18F]-FLT Positron Emission Tomography Can Be Used to Image the Response of Sensitive Tumors to PI3-Kinase Inhibition with the Novel Agent GDC-0941

Author

Cawthorne, Christopher, primary, Burrows, Natalie, additional, Gieling, Roben G., additional, Morrow, Christopher J., additional, Forster, Duncan, additional, Gregory, Jamil, additional, Radigois, Marc, additional, Smigova, Alison, additional, Babur, Muhammad, additional, Simpson, Kathryn, additional, Hodgkinson, Cassandra, additional, Brown, Gavin, additional, McMahon, Adam, additional, Dive, Caroline, additional, Hiscock, Duncan, additional, Wilson, Ian, additional, and Williams, Kaye J., additional

Published
2013
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147. Activation energy for the hydrogenation of iron in p-type crystalline silicon wafers

Author

McLean, Kate, MacDonald, Daniel, Morrow, Christopher, McLean, Kate, MacDonald, Daniel, and Morrow, Christopher

Abstract

The rate at which atomic hydrogen from silicon nitride films passivates interstitial iron in crystalline silicon has been measured at various temperatures. Both conventional quartz tube furnace annealing and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) were used to drive the hydrogen into the silicon wafers. The results allow an estimation of the activation energy for the hydrogenation process. For both annealing methods, this energy was found to be much larger than the migration enthalpy of atomic hydrogen in silicon. This suggests that the hydrogenation process is not diffusion-limited. Rapid thermal annealing was found to yield faster hydrogenation than conventional processing, and the results hint at a reduced activation energy as well. Over the temperature range 700 - 900°C, hydrogen was found to passivate approximately 80% of the initial interstitial Fe atoms after 140 s of RTA.

Published
2006

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