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HOKENSON, Terry. The Winter Road. 175p. CIP. Front St. May 2006. Tr $16.95. ISBN 1-932425-45-4. LC 2005027030. Gr 8 Up--Willa Raedl, 17, feels totally alone since her older brother died. [...]

IVERSEN, Jeremy. 21. 261p. S & S/Pulse. 2005. pap. $6.99. ISBN 0-689-87623-8. LC 2004112066. Gr 10 Up--Bret's 21st birthday coincides with the night of his fraternity's biggest bash of the [...]

ROLEFF, Tamara L., ed. The Oklahoma City Bombing. 224p. (History Firsthand Series). appendix. chron. further reading. index. notes. Web sites. CIP. Gale/Green-haven. 2004. PLB $33.70. ISBN 0-7377-1658-4; pap. $22.45. ISBN [...]

RALLISON, Janette. Life, Love, and the Pursuit of Free Throws. 185p. CIP. Walker. 2004. Tr $16.95. ISBN 0-8027-8927-7. LC 2004041904. Gr 6-9--Cami, 14, only has one thing on her mind-to [...]

LASKY, Kathryn. Blood Secret. 256p. HarperCollins. Aug. 2004. Tr $15.99. ISBN 0-06-000066-X; PLB $16.89. ISBN 0-06-000065-1. LC number unavailable. Gr 7 Up--Since her mother disappeared from a campground several years [...]

MCCORD, Patricia. Pictures in the Dark. 322p. Bloomsbury. May 2004. Tr $16.95. ISBN 1-58234-848-0. LC number unavailable. Gr 7-10--A compelling novel set in 1950s Seattle. Twelve-year-old Sarah and her older [...]

248p. CIP. Scholastic/Arthur A. Levine Bks. 2003. Tr $16.95. ISBN 0-439-425190. LC 2003003747. Gr 5-8--Millie, an 11-year-old with a genius IQ, is taking a college poetry class and waiting for [...]

178p. Four Seasons. 2003. pap. $13.95. ISBN 1-891929-99-2. LC number unavailable. Gr 6-9--Thirteen-year-old Rob McKinley's life is in chaos. Since his mother died, his father's drinking has escalated to the [...]

MCDONALD, Janet. Twists and Turns. 135p. CIP. Farrar/Frances Foster Bks. 2003. Tr $16. ISBN 0-374-39955-7. LC 2002035313. Gr 7 Up--Keeba and Teesha Washington have just graduated from their Brooklyn high [...]

92p. (Orca Soundings Series). CIP. Orca. 2002. pap. $7.95. ISBN 1-55143-244-7. LC 2002107489. Gr 8-10--No one loves Dime--or so she thinks. Since negative attention is better than none at all, [...]

232p. CIP. HarperCollins. 2003. Tr $15.99. ISBN 0-06-001022-3; PLB $16.89. ISBN 0-06-001023-1. LC 2002032812. Gr 9 Up--Seniors Nikki, Sam, and Alicia cook up a 'Great Idea.' Each of them is [...]

160p. CIP. Houghton. Apr. 2003. Tr $15. ISBN 0-618-26363-2. LC 2002010819. Gr 7 Up--When Phebe, 15, begins to question her single-minded pursuit of becoming a ballerina, she decides to visit [...]

92p. (Orca Soundings Series). CIP. Orca. 2002. pap. $7.95. ISBN 1-55143-242-0. LC 2002107488. Gr 9 Up--After a summer of attempting to cope with his father's suicide, Shaw, 16, and his [...]

215p. CIP. Walker. 2002. Tr $16.95. ISBN 0-8027-8830-0. LC 2001056836. Gr 9 Up--When Jen's boyfriend commits suicide, she is lonely, sad, bewildered, and rebellious. During this bleak period, she starts [...]

Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NTN) are structurally homologous, and they seem to produce similar effects in vitro.Tissue distributions of their respective receptors, GFRα-1 and GFRα-2, reveal overlapping but distinct patterns of expression, which implies that the in vivoactions of GDNF and NTN may be different. In the present study, a direct comparison of the in vivoeffects of GDNF and NTN was performed using osmotic minipumps delivering either GDNF or NTN over a 30-day period into rat lateral cerebral ventricles. Amphetamine-induced activity levels were increased in both NTN- and GDNF-treated animals, with higher activity levels achieved by GDNF than NTN. The increase in amphetamine-induced activity levels persisted for 2 weeks and returned to control levels at the end of the third week. NTN-treated rats showed higher dopamine levels in the mediodorsal striatum, relative to the ventrolateral striatum. In contrast, no significant change in the regional distribution of dopamine levels was observed in GDNF treated or control animals. On the other hand, an increase in ventrolateral and mediodorsal striatal dopamine utilization was apparent in GDNF-treated animals, while NTN-treated animals showed increased levels of dopamine utilization only in the ventrolateral striatum. With respect to potential adverse effects, GDNF administration resulted in weight loss and the emergence of allodynia. No weight loss or allodynia was detectable with chronic NTN administration. These results suggest that although GDNF and NTN share structural and functional similarities, they may have differential effects in vivo.

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including an article on tax burdens in Williamsburg, Virginia in the March-April 2008 issue, an article on Beaufort, South Carolina in a 2004 issu, and "8 Enriching Towns for Art and Music Lovers" in the May-June 2008 issue.