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Laparoscopic surgery uses a thin tube with a camera called a laparoscope, which is inserted into the abdomen through a small incision in the skin during surgery. This allows to a surgeon to see inside of the body without causing significant injury to the patient. These characteristics make laparoscopy a widely used technique. In laparoscopic surgery, image quality can be severely degraded by surgical smoke caused by the use of tissue dissection tools which reduces the visibility of the observed organs and tissues. This lack of visibility increases the possibility of errors and surgery time with the consequences that this may have on the patient's health. In this paper, we introduce a novel hybrid approach for computational smoke removal which is based on the combination of a widely dehazing method used: the dark channel prior (DCP) and a pixel-to-pixel neural network approach: Generative Adversary Network (GAN). The experimental results have proven that the proposed method achieves a better performance than the individual results of the DCP and GAN in terms of restoration quality, obtaining a PSNR value of 25 and SSIM index of 0.88 over a test set of synthetic images., in Spanish

On December 16, 2017, a rockslide was triggered in the headwaters of the Burrito River (Chait��n district, 43.4�� SL) which produced debris and mud flows that flooded Villa Santa Luc��a, destroying half of the town���s urban area. These mass wasting events covered an area of 3 square-kilometers on Rute 7 and 1 square-kilometer on Rute 235, which resulted in twenty-one fatalities and one person still missing. The rockslide was produced by an intense rainfall which took place on the 15th and 16th of December, same year. The rainfall���s measured depth totaled 122.8 mm in only 24 hours, with a high isotherm of 0�� (2.700 m asl). This event was preceded by a two-week-long period of high temperatures (22��C daily maximum) previously registered. The main playing factors were the presence of deeply altered volcanic rocks (clay-iron oxides) of the Cord��n Yelcho Pleistocene Volcanic Range (SERNAGEOMIN- BRGM 1995) plus vertical fractures, open cracks and very steep slopes. The rockslide impacted a covered glacier and ice-cored moraine that resulted in a very high-speed blast, followed by large debris and mud flows that traveled a distance of 8 kilometers, deeply eroding the Burrito valley walls including its forest, soil and sediments (Duhart et al., 2018). A 7.2 x 106 m3 total of sediments, water, ice and vegetal coverage were estimated and about 2 x 106 m3 were deposited on a 9 x 105 m2 fan area, covering the northern area of Santa Luc��a village. An average velocity of 72 km/h was estimated for the higher part of the flow (Fernandez et al., 2018), although the initial blast was higher due to the trees that were uprooted and torn alongside the valley walls. As of today, the rockslide scar is still unstable with steep slopes, open cracks, a prominent hanging block and vertical fractures. A Laser Scan monitoring test was developed and is currently under assessment design. The implementation of permanent monitoring beneficial to the understanding of the rock���s failure origins in the generation zone may enhance the development of an alert system for landslide hazard risk reduction.

El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado nace dentro del marco del proyecto Financial Text Analytics In Spanish: Tools and Language Resources siendo una colaboración conjunta de la Cátedra de Lingüística Computacional y el Departamento de Informática de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Este proyecto persigue explorar las posibilidades del etiquetado semántico en textos financieros. La finalidad de este Trabajo Fin de Grado es el etiquetado, extracción y recuperación de información de textos financieros sobre las memorias anuales de empresas con sede en España. Estos documentos públicos han sido recogidos de los sitios web de las empresas. Una vez convertidas las memorias a texto plano, se aplican algoritmos de Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural para la normalización y segmentación de estos documentos, con el objeto de extraer la información relevante diferenciada para su posterior clasificación y etiquetado. Se anotará semánticamente el texto resultante, y se almacenará indexado en una base de datos no relacional que, adicionalmente, será accesible online, de manera que se puedan consultar y recuperar los documentos. Para poder llegar a cabo este proyecto, se ha organizado el Trabajo Fin de Grado en tres bloques. En primer lugar, se ha creado un modelo de procesamiento de textos para la extracción de keywords, basado en algoritmos de grafos y desarrollado en Python. Con la ayuda de dos analizadores sintácticos (Grampal y Spacy) y siguiendo la línea de pensamiento del texto “TextRank: Bringing Order into Texts, Rada Mihalcea and Paul Tarau, Department of Computer Science, University of North Texas” usaremos los algoritmos de clasificación basados en grafos, que son capaces mediante la extracción de grupos sintácticos de determinar la importancia de sus nodos/vértices basándose en información global del texto recopilada recursivamente del grafo. Consiguiendo de esta manera resultados competitivos con el estado de arte desarrollado en las áreas relacionadas con las aplicaciones de lenguaje natural. En segundo lugar, se usarán los índices de la herramienta BabelNet para extraer la categoría conceptual de cada keyword resultante del análisis anteriormente comentado. Por último, guardaremos en una base de datos no relacional (elasticsearch) los datos extraídos y realizaremos el etiquetado semántico así como las categorías conceptuales de los textos analizados. Palabras

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo discutir aspectos da pesquisa artística preconizada por Marcel Cobussen (COBUSSEN, 2007), pertinentes à criação artística musical e à performance à clarineta, especialmente no que se refere à relação entre a clarineta e o clarinetista. Pretendemos aqui discutir tal relação para além do enquadramento moderno tradicional da relação sujeito/objeto, inserida num contexto poético de investigação. Entendemos ser importante lançar um olhar crítico sobre a questão da produção do conhecimento artístico dentro da academia, além de refletir sobre a questão da verdade advinda desde a dimensão poética. Para tanto, compartilhamos do estatuto ontológico Heideggeriano como superação da exclusividade das relações de mundo e suas consequências no que diz respeito aos limites impostos pela ciência na produção de conhecimento. Tal limitação consolida-se por meio da dissociação no homem de terra e mundo; corpo e alma; inteligibilidade e sensibilidade, em relação ao trato artístico. Mais que um limite científico, esta dissociação ratifica a lida intra-mundana e teleológica do homem ocidental desde a perspectiva da concepção moderna cartesiana. A partir da perspectiva artística, poética – criativa –, investigamos o acontecer da performance do clarinetista. No entanto, não o fazemos considerando a relação que aí ocorre como fenômeno isolado e fechado, tampouco a partir do pré-conceito da crítica estética ou como resultado de aná-lise predeterminada. Numa abordagem poética, a arte reivindica sua manifestação imediata e singular, não por partes ou por representações. Tais representações só estabelecem relação com a obra por mediação racional, como na teoria do conhecimento. Construímos nossa investigação a partir das relações dispostas na interpretação desde o imediato dos sentidos (FOGEL, 2007), con-juntura de relações além, ou aquém, da objetividade cartesiana. O sentido da produção poética é o des-velamento da obra – Alétheia. A partir desta perspectiva, foram produzidos dois recitais com obras de compositores brasileiros, nos quais a interpretação do clarinetista emerge como manifestação sensível e coesa à obra, instaurando um sentido próprio, ou seja, a interpretação como fator inerente à obra de arte. Neste sentido, a verdade da obra é o processo de manifestação de um sentido próprio em sua realização. Afinal, a obra só é com a interpretação, esta faz parte do ser da obra. O des-velamento da obra, segundo Heidegger (HEIDEGGER, 2010), se manifesta na abertura de cada elemento envolvido no processo: obra, arte e artista. Esta abertura bem como as relações por ela dispostas empreenderam no caminhar desta investigação resultados impregnados na própria interpretação. Sob a relação tripartite na obra de arte apontada por Heidegger, percebemos que o artista experimenta uma série de relações ainda pouco discutidas, pois em geral há um favorecimento de uma compreensão técnica e analítica da performance e pouco se fala da ou pensa a experiência artística. The purpose of this paper is to discuss aspects of artistic research recommended by Marcel Cobussen (COBUSSEN, 2007) relevant to musical artistic creation and clarinet performance, especially the relation between clarinet and clarinetist. It is intended to discuss this relation beyond the traditional modern framing of the subject/object relationship, inserted in a poetic context. We consider it is important to launch a critical view on the artistic knowledge produced inside universities, and to reflect about questions of truth from the poetic dimension. To this end, we use Heidegger’s ontological statute as an overcoming exclusivity of world relations and its consequences in relation to the limits imposed by science in the production of knowledge. This limitation is consolidated through the dissociation between earthman and the world; body and soul; intelligibility and sensitivity in relation to an artistic approach. More than a scientific limit, such dissociation ratifies the intramundane and teleological sense of the Western man from the perspective of the Cartesian modern conception. Starting from an artistic perspective, poetic – creative –, we investigated the the happening of the clarinetist performance. However, we will not think about that relation as an isolated and closed event. Furthermore, we will not use concepts of musical criticism or aesthetics. In a poetic approach, Art claims an immediate and singular manifestation, not by parts or representations. These representations relate to the Work through rational mediation, as in the theory of knowledge. Our investigation proceeded from relations of interpretation since the immediatism of the senses (FOGEL, 2007). This conjunction of relationships is arranged in a sense beyond or below Cartesian objectivity. The intention of poetic production is the unveiling of the work – Aletheia. Therefore, we produced two recitals with pieces by Brazilian composers in which the clarinetist’s performance displays a sensitive and cohesive manifestation working in its own sense, which is performance as a factor intrinsic to the work of art. In this regard, the truth of a work is the process of manifestation of its own sense. After all, a work only exists with its performance, which is a part of the work. The unveiling of a work, according to (HEIDEGGER, 2010), manifests in the gap of work, art and artist. This gap as well as the relations established in the course of this research turns in results impregnated in the interpretation itself. About the Tripartite’s relationship in the work of art, according Heidegger, we perceive that the artist experiences a series of relations still not much discussed, because in general there is favoring of a technical and analytical understanding of the performance and little is spoken of the artistic experience. Outro

O artigo tem como objetivo identificar questões da arte contemporânea que podem também atingir o design contemporâneo. Para tanto, é apresentada a obra do coletivo de artistas cubanos Los Carpinteros, proporcionando material para descrever procedimentos e interesses da arte familiares ao design, como o trabalho em equipe, a funcionalidade eocotidiano. Destaca-se ousodos objetos como fonte principal para essa aproximação, usando como exemplo as obras, "clavos torcidos" e "cama". Finalmente, se espera que a discussão e reflexão da obra de Los Carpinteros possa contribuir para aproximações e questionamentos entre a arte e o design contemporâneos. The article aims to identify issues of contemporary art that can also reach contemporary design. For that, the work of the collective of Cuban artists Los Carpinteros is presented, providing material than describe procedures and art interests familiar to design, like teamwork, functionality and everydayness. We highlight the use of objects as the main source for this approach, using as an example the works, "clavos torcidos" and "cama". Expected, it is hoped that the discussion and reflection raised by of the work of Los Carpinteros can contribute to bring closer approximations and questions between contemporary art and contemporary design.

The present project is based on research and design of a commercial generator of impulses that produces a high frequency monocycle pulse to detect nutrients in a farmland, before the development of the proposed design, it was necessary know concepts about of what are the GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) in the transmitter module there is a signal generating stage and a modulator stage where the signal from the previous stage is adapted to obtain a final waveform that the GPR will emit. The joint work of these stages is what is called impulse generator. The design of basic function generators and their components was used as reference since the pulse generator of a GPR is electronically related to the laboratory equipment generating waveforms. Through comparative analysis, the suitable components for the pulse generator were selected, this is how the power levels with which the GPR of the trademark that exist in the market were investigated for the power supply. In order to select the components that will produce the high frequency monocycle waveform, VCO’s (voltage controlled oscillators) and circuits with fast recovery diodes were chosen. Using the Advanced Design System (ADS) software from the company Agilent Technologies, the operation test was performed and it was observed that the selected devices generated the required pulse. Once the impulse generator was designed and obtaining correct results in the simulation, a cost analysis was made with respect to the total cost of the GPR, which presented the commercial viability of the proposed design. El proyecto técnico se enfocó en la investigación y diseño de un generador de impulsos comercial que logre producir un pulso monociclo con frecuencia en el orden de los GHz para detectar nutrientes en un terreno agrícola, previo al desarrollo del diseño planteado, se necesitó conocer conceptos acerca de lo que son los georadares debido a que en la parte del módulo de transmisión se produce la forma de onda con la cual trabaja el georadar. Se tomó como referencia el diseño de los generadores de funciones convencionales y sus componentes ya que el generador de impulsos de un georadar está estrechamente relacionado electrónicamente a los equipos de laboratorio generadores de formas de ondas. Por medio de análisis comparativos se seleccionaron los componente idóneos para el generador de impulsos, es así como para la fuente de alimentación se investigó los niveles energéticos con los cuales funcionan los georadares de las marcas que existen en el mercado. Para la elección de los componentes que producirán la forma de onda monociclo de alta frecuencia se optó por osciladores controlados por voltaje y por circuitos con diodos de respuesta rápida. Por medio del software Advanced Design System (ADS) se realizó las pruebas de funcionamiento y se verificó que los dispositivos seleccionados generaron el pulso requerido. Una vez diseñado el generador de impulsos y con los resultados obtenidos se procedió a realizar un análisis de costos con respecto al costo total del georadar con lo cual se presentó la viabilidad comercial del diseño planteado.

The article aims to identify issues of contemporary art that can also reach contemporary design. For that, the work of the collective of Cuban artists Los Carpinteros is presented, providing material than describe procedures and art interests familiar to design, like teamwork, functionality and everydayness. We highlight the use of objects as the main source for this approach, using as an example the works, “clavos torcidos” and “cama”. Expected, it is hoped that the discussion and reflection raised by of the work of Los Carpinteros can contribute to bring closer approximations and questions between contemporary art and contemporary design

379 páginas incluye diagramas y fotografías. El estudio y análisis de las dinámicas de la cultura ambiental escolar, toma relevancia debido al inminente deterioro del medio ambiente a nivel local, nacional y global, y a la responsabilidad formativa que la sociedad delega a la escuela. Teniendo en cuenta la política en Colombia, que establece planes y programas académicos para los diferentes niveles educativos, en materia de educación ambiental se hace relevante generar propuestas socio educativas en esta línea, que permitan fortalecer en niños, niñas, jóvenes, docentes y comunidad educativa general, las actitudes y comportamientos proambientales necesarios para cuidar el ambiente. Considerando está situación se genera este proyecto de investigación que plantea como objetivo la implementación de estrategias socio educativas en cinco instituciones educativas distritales de Bogotá para fortalecer la cultura ambiental escolar, a través de un proceso de investigación acción participativa, con enfoque cualitativo, de carácter longitudinal y con técnicas de recolección de datos a partir de la observación, registros en diarios de campo y rejillas observacionales, sobre los comportamientos ambientales frente al manejo de residuos sólidos, el recurso hídrico y la energía eléctrica presentados por los estudiantes de cuatro instituciones educativas distritales (I.E.D) y los docentes de una I.E.D. La información obtenida permitió establecer la necesidad de generar un plan de acción que potencie el Proyecto Ambiental Escolar, PRAE, con acciones pedagógicas concretas que redunden en una cultura escolar proambiental, y en la formación de ciudadanos con un alto grado de compromiso y posturas críticas que les permita comprender las dinámicas de las problemáticas ambientales propias de su contexto y proponer alternativas de solución.

BACKGROUND: Lone atrial fibrillation (LAF) develops in younger individuals without cardiovascular or pulmonary disease. As pulmonary vein isolation has been recognized as an optimal treatment for drug-resistant atrial fibrillation, cryoballoon ablation with second-generation balloon (CB-A) may be an ideal solution for LAF patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate acute success, periprocedural complications and outcome over a 12-month follow-up period in a cohort of patients having undergone PV isolation (PVI) for LAF using CB-A technology. METHODS: 75 consecutive patients (50 male, mean age 47±12 years) with a diagnosis of lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who underwent Pulmonary Vein Isolation (PVI) by CB-A from June 2012 were included. All patients underwent this procedure with the 28 mm CB-A. A total of 299 PVs (100%) could be isolated with CB-A alone. RESULTS: The freedom from AF recurrence after a single procedure was 92% of patients during the entire 13-month follow-up. When considering a blanking period (BP) of 3 months, success rate was 93,3%. Transient phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) was the most frequent complication occurring in 5.3% of individuals (4 patients); complete recovery was documented for all of these patients prior to hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: CB-A is extremely effective in achieving PVI and affords freedom from AF at 13-month follow-up in 93% of young patients affected by drug-resistant LPAF following a 3-month BP. The most frequent complication observed was PNP, which reverted prior to discharge in all patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

La protrusión acetabular es una patología en que la cabeza femoral protruye hacia el interior de la pelvis. Puede ser primario o secundario a diversas patologías. En pacientes jóvenes sin artrosis grave se puede manejar con osteotomías femorales o pélvicas, pero en el caso del paciente mayor con artrosis requiere manejo quirúrgico con artroplastia de cadera. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la técnica del reemplazo total de cadera en el paciente con protrusión acetabular. The acetabular protrusio is a condition in which the femoral head protrudes into the pelvis. It may be primary or secondary to several pathologies. In young patients without severe osteoarthritis can be managed with femoral or pelvic osteotomies, but in the case of elderly patients with hip arthritis, requires a total hip arthroplasty. The aim of this paper is to describe the technique of total hip replacement in patients with acetabular protrusio. Evidence level IV.

Objetivo: reportar el caso de un embarazo abdominal avanzado y realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre diagnóstico, manejo y pronóstico. Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de un embarazo abdominal avanzado, controlado en la Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal del Hospital Simón Bolívar, hospital público de tercer nivel de complejidad ubicado en Bogotá (Colombia). Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura médica en bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, y Lilacs, con terminología MeSH "abdominal pregnancy" y "ectopic pregnancy". La búsqueda se limitó a los idiomas inglés y español, entre los años 1940 a 2013. Resultados: se encontró un total de 22 artículos relacionados directamente con el tema, de los cuales se incluyen 14 en la revisión: 1 artículo de revisión, 2 artículos de serie de casos, 9 reportes de caso y 2 cartas al editor. Conclusión: el embarazo abdominal cercano al término es una situación obstétrica infrecuente que puede acarrear problemas severos para el binomio materno-fetal. El escenario ideal es poder realizar un diagnóstico temprano y su inmediata finalización. Objective: To report a case of advanced abdominal pregnancy and conduct a review of the literature on the diagnosis, management and prognosis of this condition. Materials and methods: A case of advanced abdominal pregnancy seen at the Mother and Child Care Unit of Hospital Simón Bolívar, a Level III public hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. A search was conducted in the medical literature through the Medline via PubMed and Lilacs databases, using the MeSH terms "abdominal pregnancy" and "ectopic pregnancy". The search was limited to the English and Spanish languages, and to the time period between 1940 and 2013. Results: A total of 22 articles directly related to the topic were found, 14 of which were included in the review: 1 review article, 2 case series report, 9 case reports and 2 letters to the editor. Conclusion: An abdominal pregnancy close to term is an infrequent obstetric situation that may result in severe problems for the mother and the foetus. The ideal scenario is an early diagnosis and immediate termination.

Motivar la reflexión desde el aula universitaria enfocada al tema transversal del deterioro progresivo de nuestro entorno, es abordar el carácter sistémico de la Educación Ambiental como un servicio público educativo encaminado a lograr un desarrollo sostenible como uno de los fines de la Educación ; es así como desde la implementación de los Proyectos Ambientales Universitarios - PRAUS, se pretende revisar el marco legal vigente que permita la inclusión de la dimensión ambiental en la educación superior, a fin de lograr formar ciudadanos éticos profesionalmente y responsables con su entorno, que garantice una mejor calidad de vida y por ende el anhelado desarrollo sostenible. Encourage reflection from the university classroom-focused cross-cutting theme of the progressive deterioration of our environment, is to address the systemic nature of environmental education as a public education service aimed at achieving sustainable development as one of the purposes of education; Thus, since the implementation of University Environmental Projects - praus, it aims to review the current legal framework for the inclusion of the environmental dimension in higher education, in order to achieve form ethical citizens professionally responsible with their environment, ensuring a better quality of life and therefore the desired sustainable development.

Plasmar a través de líneas la transformación estratégica que la banca ha tenido durante los últimos años en el país realmente no es tarea fácil, por ende el presente ensayo pretende indicar algunos de los aspectos más relevantes que se reconocen al hablar de “una Banca más Humana”; enfocado en una postura argumentativa que finalmente genere una reflexión de servicio en clientes y usuarios de éstas organizaciones. Es posible que en un país en donde la economía y el poder adquisitivo es considerado mal distribuido, se pueda hablar de “Humanizar la Banca”, pues bien en el presente ensayo se plasman los fundamentos a través de los cuales hoy en día se promueve la gestión empresarial con sentido humano; como una de las estrategias más llamativas en el sector bancario nacional. Ninguna Capture through lines strategic transformation that banks have had in recent years in the country really is no easy task, therefore this essay is intended to indicate some of the most relevant aspects that are recognized to speak of "a Humana Banking "; focused on an argumentative stance that ultimately generate a reflection of service customers and users of these organizations. It is possible that in a country where the economy and purchasing power is considered poorly distributed, one can speak of "Humanizing Banking", well through this test fundamentals are reflected through which today promotes business management with human sense, as one of the most striking strategies in the domestic banking sector.

Al ser el Ecuador un país agroindustrial tiene posibilidades de ofrecer al mercado internacional una variedad de productos agrícolas, siendo uno de esos productos el TOMATE DE ÁRBOL. El tomate de árbol, conocido también como (amarillo, tiene el nombre científico de Cyphomandra betaceae, es una fruta (perecedera) exótica con delicioso sabor y aroma. Es originaria de los Andes Ecuatoriano - peruanos. Crece en arbustos con follaje grande y flores rosadas con exquisita fragancia. Resiste muy bien plagas, virus y enfermedades. Anualmente se podan sus ramas y tronco para obtener un crecimiento vigoroso. De cada árbol se obtienen 25 Kg de fruto al año aproximadamente y su zona productora es de 2200 a 2500 plantas por hectárea. El tomate de árbol tiene una gran adaptabilidad desde el clima caliente hasta muy frío...

Explosive activity at Chaitén Volcano in May 2008 and subsequent dome collapses over the following nine months triggered multiple, small-volume pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). The explosive activity triggered PDCs to the north and northeast, which felled modest patches of forest as far as 2 km from the caldera rim. Felled trees pointing in the down-current direction dominate the disturbance zones. The PDC on the north flank of Chaitén left a decimeters-thick, bipartite deposit having a basal layer of poorly sorted, fines-depleted pumice-and-lithic coarse ash and lapilli, which transitions abruptly to fines-enriched pumice-and-lithic coarse ash. The deposit contains fragments of mostly uncharred organics near its base; vegetation protruding above the deposit is uncharred. The nature of the forest disturbance and deposit characteristics suggest the PDC was dilute, of relatively low temperature (