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Copyright of Journal of Midwifery & Health Sciences is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are abundant studies on counterfeiting luxury products in developed and underdeveloped countries. However, there is a lack of multi-country studies on Pakistan and China that have taken a holistic approach to ethical aspects and attitudes. Because of this gap and inconsistent results related to ethics, religiosity, and integrity, this study has examined the effects of the ethics-related variable (Idealism, relativism, intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, moral judgment, ethics, and integrity) on the attitudes of Chinese and Pakistani consumers towards counterfeit luxury products. In this study, we have developed a model that we tested through Smart PLS 3.0 on the respondents of China and Pakistan separately. The sample size for the Chinese Model and Pakistan model was 250 each. The results of the Chinese Model support all the hypotheses except four, which are the association between (a) relativism and attitude, (b) extrinsic religiosity and attitude, (c) integrity and attitude, and (d) ethics and attitude. The results of the Pakistani model support all the hypotheses except three, which are the influence of (a) relativism on attitude, (b) external religiosity on attitude, and (c) integrity on attitude. Most of the moral and ethical-related elements have an association with attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moral intelligence of healthcare professionals in the cardiac operating room is one of the most important aspects of professional competence. However, moral intelligence is an abstract and multidimensional concept that needs to be clarified and described based on organizational culture and environment. Therefore, there is a need to design a specific scale for measuring the moral intelligence of healthcare professionals in the cardiac operating room. This study aims to design and assess the psychometric properties of a moral intelligence scale for healthcare professionals in the cardiac operating room. The present study was a mixed method study with a sequential exploratory approach. The research was conducted in 2023–2024 in Iran. The first phase data were collected from 20 healthcare professionals and were analyzed by conventional content analysis method. In the second phase, the validity and reliability of the instrument were evaluated by involving 300 healthcare professionals in the cardiac operating room. The moral intelligence of health care professionals in the cardiac operating room was defined as moral sensitivity combined with moral commitment and moral courage for the provision of quality care that respects the principles of medical ethics. After deducing the conceptual framework, the moral intelligence scale for healthcare professionals in the cardiac operating room was developed with three dimensions: "moral sensitivity," "moral commitment," and "moral courage." 11 items were removed during testing to ensure content validity. Face validity was confirmed with impact scores > 1.5 for all items. A scale was developed through factor analysis with three factors that accounted for 73.04% of the observed variance. The instrument's reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculation was reported as 0.94 for the entire instrument. The testretest showed no statistically significant difference between the pre and post-test scores of moral intelligence (p = 0.51). The moral intelligence scale demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. The moral intelligence scale for health care professionals in the cardiac operating room demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. This instrument may serve to assess the moral intelligence of healthcare professionals and determine the need for educational interventions to reduce the ethical challenges and improve the moral intelligence of this healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between professional ethical reflection and corresponding moral behavior is an important theme of moral psychology in recent years. Following Schönegger and Wagner's research in German-speaking countries, through a replication-extension of the original US-based research carried out by Schwitzgebel and Rust, we aim at examining their results in the Chinese context. The previous researchers have shown that ethical reflection generally has no positive effect on moral behavior. A cross validation of this result was conducted in Chinese mainland, and three issues concerning Confucian virtues were added. Through reaching out to 4482 professors and collecting 368 responses altogether, we attempted to explore whether professional ethical reflection can influence normative attitude and the moral attitude-behavior consistency. Unfortunately, the results failed to show a statistically significant difference between ethicists and other professors on most of the moral issues, with the exception of paying academic membership fees and vegetarianism, wherein ethicists do express more stringent normative attitudes, and their moral attitude and self-reported behavior are statistically consistent. Notably, Chinese professors mainly expressed morally neutral attitudes toward the issue of eating meat, and they tended to believe that ethical reflection contributes to more and better moral behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the 50th anniversary of American Ethnologist and its evolution from its origins as a journal focused on ethnology to its current emphasis on ethnography and theoretical analysis. Topics discussed include the historical context of ethnology, the development of American Ethnologist as a journal, and the contemporary role of anthropology in addressing ethical, political, and methodological challenges.

This study addresses the need for practical engagement of student-teachers in real classroom environments to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, thereby cultivating a professional attitude and mindset through the School-Based Experience (SBE) program. The research focuses on evaluating how immersive, hands-on teaching experiences within the SBE framework contribute to the holistic professional development of student-teachers, preparing them to meet the demands and challenges of the teaching profession effectively. The aim is to motivate schools to actively support studentteachers in this transformative journey. Professionalism, characterized by a moral commitment to action and a professional attitude in interactions, demands a principled standard of practice. While higher education institutions bear the responsibility of instilling these values, collaborative efforts involving stakeholders, especially schools, are pivotal. The study adopts an Evaluation Research Approach to assess the effectiveness of the SBE program in developing a professional mindset. Randomly selecting five schools and ten studentteachers, along with two teachers and mentors from each school, the researchers conducted interviews to gauge contributions towards fostering a professional mindset during the SBE program. The findings underscore the importance of theoretical and empirical knowledge, emphasizing the need for reciprocal relationships within schools. Trustworthiness and adherence to principled standards emerge as critical components. The study, with a total of twenty participants, presents their responses as an evaluation research report, demonstrating the significance of the SBE program in shaping the attitudes and mindsets of future professionals. This research sheds light on an underexplored aspect of developing professionalism in student teachers, contributing valuable insights to the educational landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beliefs based on pernicious ideology are widespread, and they often have harmful consequences. Attempts to solve the problems these beliefs cause could benefit from epistemological work on them, so it is heartening to see more epistemologists turning to study ideological beliefs. In this paper, I discuss one recent approach, radical epistemology, which has two aims: (1) offering structural explanations of epistemic justification and (2) putting these explanations to work in opposing ideology. While I share radical epistemologists' opposition to pernicious ideology, I argue that their position is untenable because it gives rise to a vicious circularity. Its core commitment maintains that theorists' choice between competing epistemological theories should be guided by their moral and political commitments. These commitments themselves, however, are susceptible to reasonable disagreement and thus stand in need of defense. To defend them, radical epistemologists must employ the very theories those commitments are supposed to undergird. I call this the problem of theory choice and conclude that radical epistemologists cannot solve it. But we shouldn't despair: the time-honored tools of non-radical epistemology offer all we need to successfully theorize about and combat bad ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The willingness of consumers to buy animal welfare products is an important support for the transformation of animal husbandry to animal welfare. However, animal welfare farming often means a considerable capital investment, which often increases the likelihood of price increases for the products. The main purpose of this study is to assist in the marketing of animal welfare products through the research results and then promote the transformation of animal husbandry to animal welfare-friendly agriculture. The analysis results showed that consumers’ moral attitudes towards animal products significantly affect perceived higher prices and buying willingness, while perceived higher prices negatively affect buying willingness. Still, fortunately, the negative impact is not significant. Based on the findings, a discussion of academic and managerial implications is provided at the end of this article.

Roe Fremstedal's book, "Kierkegaard on Self, Ethics, and Religion: Purity or Despair," provides a comprehensive analysis of the anthropological, ethical, and religious aspects of Kierkegaard's philosophy. Fremstedal argues for the similarities between Kant and Kierkegaard and explores how their anthropological assumptions shape their ethics and religious beliefs. The book also engages with contemporary scholarship on ethical issues in Kierkegaard's texts, contributing to larger discussions on moral psychology. While Fremstedal's interpretation emphasizes human autonomy, some critics argue that it neglects Kierkegaard's problematization of autonomy. Overall, the book offers a well-informed and carefully drawn analysis that challenges readers to reexamine their own biases. [Extracted from the article]

Implementing litter and plastic pollution prevention strategies is essential for cities of developing countries, mainly due to the prevailing high incidence of littering and the urgent need to realize the adverse per capita environmental impact target of the sustainable development goals. In this article, we report the use of the prominent reasoned action approach—in its original state and an extended model with moral norms—for exploring the critical socio-cognitive determinants of individuals’ litter prevention intentions in Ghana. By analyzing the valid answers of 447 participants to a structured questionnaire on litter prevention, we found attitudes (β = 0.35, SE= 0.014, p < 0.001) and moral norms (β = 0.57, SE= 0.099, p < 0.001) as the most influencing determinants to individual intentions in the original and the extended models, respectively. The analysis suggests that individuals will stop littering their environments if environmentally friendly interventions are implemented to elicit self-responsibility and moral obligation. Campaigns that demonstrate the effects of littering on drain blockage, flooding, and disease outbreaks may improve individual litter prevention attitudes. Installing waste receptacles in public spaces and communicating persuasive messages may facilitate personal antilittering intentions. Apart from contributing to the implementation of a litter management strategy to reduce the flood risk and enhance the resilience of the Greater Accra region of Ghana, this research helps to close the literature gaps in litter prevention behavior in developing countries, as well as support the implementation of the sustainable development goals and the global plastic action partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their response at the COVID-19 frontline, migrant essential workers became moral exemplars likely to boost emotions such as gratitude or admiration. We examined the effect of moral exemplars on outgroup attitudes, beliefs about the outgroup, intentions and behavior toward the outgroup, as well as the role of self-transcendent emotions in this link. Participants of an online panel-based experimental study (N = 651) were randomly assigned to either watch a video clip with a story about migrant essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., the moral exemplars condition) or to watch a neutral video involving migrants (i.e., the control condition), and were invited to fill in a questionnaire and donate money to an association fighting for immigrants' rights. Compared to the control condition, participants in the moral exemplars condition manifested more positive outgroup attitudes, beliefs about the outgroup, and were more willing to help the outgroup, also via self-transcendent emotions. The exposure to the moral exemplars narrative was linked with more helping behavior (a donation to an NGO) only indirectly via self-transcendent emotions. Moral exemplars proved useful in promoting positive attitudes and prosociality toward immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: this reflection outlines the categories of civic or democratic education with children and research methodologies based on articles published in highimpact scientific journals. Methodology: the exercise is based on a bibliographic review with a hermeneutic approach, using ATLAS.ti 22 for categorical analysis. Results and discussion: in the pursuit of school democratization, political, pedagogical and administrative challenges must be overcome. The pedagogical reflection analyzes formative conceptions, the role of the school, and the development of educational competencies for democracy. Conclusions: school democratization by law or decree does not guarantee or clarify community members' participation. The democracy project is an ethical and moral commitment of education. Methodologies involving instruments and statistical and qualitative analysis are the best options to publish in high-impact education journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business ethics can have high implications for the accounting profession, stakeholders who rely on financial reporting, and entities concerned about business reputation. Professional ethics are required of members by all major accounting organizations. Accounting students learn about business ethics in accounting through their accounting studies, yet unethical practices have persisted in recent decades, often by leaders and managers with accounting foundations. This study examined work experience and other factors that could affect attitudes toward business ethics of accounting students. A survey questionnaire was used to assess ethical attitudes using various statistical techniques to explore significant differences among accounting students who were grouped according to their length of work experience and other factors. Students with a few years of work experience were found to have a more relaxed attitude towards business ethics than students with longer work experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses how the surrealist imagetic-poetic creation shapes both an esthetic and an ethical attitude. It defends the perspective that surrealist practices paved the way to new subjectivation modes of individuals from westernized societies, insofar as they question commonly established dichotomies such as: body-mind; human-non-human; naturesociety; subject-object. Thus, a discussion was developed surrounding the surrealist image, based on the First Manifesto written by André Breton. Subsequentially, it was discussed how the work of Antonin Artaud and Hilda Hilst reverberated some of the surrealist proposals, each in their own way. Finally, it becomes clear that the artists and poets who adopted the practices of surrealism sought to affect both the field of language and literature, destabilizing them and, at the same time, forming new and until then unthought-of images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In dealing with human corpses, notions of dignity play a decisive role, especially within legal texts that regulate a corpse's handling. However, it is quite unclear how the claim "Treat human corpses with dignity!" should be understood and justified. Drawing upon examples and problems from forensic medicine, this paper explores three possible lines of interpreting such demands: (a) positions that closely link the dignity of the human corpse to the dignity of the former living persons and (b) accounts that derive the dignity of the dead from consequentialist considerations. We argue that both lines heavily rely on contestable metaphysical claims and therefore propose an alternative account for the dignity of the dead. Our proposal (c) focuses on action-guiding attitudes and the symbolic value of the dead. Such a conception allows for a variety of morally appropriate groundings of individual attitudes. It avoids metaphysically troublesome premises and, at the same time, allows to classify certain actions and manners of acting as clearly inappropriate and blameworthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tests whether or not psychological type preferences predicted the extent of liberal versus conservative attitudes towards a range of controversial moral issues among 3,515 clergy and laity from the Church of England who took part in the 2013 Church Times survey. Summated rating scales were produced from Likert items related to four different issues: same-sex relationships, the ordination of women, divorce and remarriage, and cohabitation. After allowing for general theological stance, psychological type preferences for sensing over intuition and thinking over feeling were significantly associated with more conservative attitudes. For theological liberals, sensing types had slightly more conservative moral attitudes, on average, than did intuitive types, but there was no difference among theological conservatives. For theological conservatives, thinking types had slightly more conservative moral attitudes, on average, than did feeling types, but there was no difference among theological liberals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses findings of studies concerning religious attitudes of Polish Catholics belonging to the so-called Generation Z, i.e., people born during the digital revolution. The authors present religious attitudes of Generation Z representatives against the background of other European states relating to religious practices and opinions concerning the acceptability of abortion, euthanasia, divorce, contraceptives and other conduct not consistent with the Catholic Church teachings. The findings prove that even though the Polish society, including those of Generation Z, is distinguishable from European countries with its high percentage of people engaging in religious practices, the observed trends and the dominance of attitudes contrary to the teachings of the Catholic Church indicate the possibility of maintaining a downward trend in the number of Catholics in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto is the property of Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Desporto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Paper aims: To analyze the consumers intention to buy in commerce and services in the neighborhood, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a theoretical basis, analyzing the Attitude, the Subjective Norm, the Perceived Behavioral Control, and expanding the TPB through the influence on the Attitude of the Moral Attitude, Empathic Concern and the Impact of Covid-19. Originality: There are no studies on consumer buying behavior in commerce and neighborhood services in emerging countries, nor with this combination in the conceptual structure - TBP, Empathic Concern, Moral Attitude and the Impact of Covid-19. Research method: Data were collected from respondents, and analysis was performed using Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Main findings: The results indicate that the consumer's attitude towards buying in the neighborhood's commerce and services was positively and significantly influenced by the Moral Attitude and Impact of Covid-19 but not by Empathic Concern. Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control positively and significantly influence the intention to buy in neighborhood commerce and services. Implications for theory and practice: As a theoretical implication, the conceptual model extends the TBP, adding the dimensions of Empathic Concern, Moral Attitude, and the Impact of Covid-19 on Attitude. In practice, the study can help store managers, retailers, and marketing professionals in the sector incorporate specific actions to reach potential consumers and improve their results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wittgenstein Studien. Neue Folge is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wittgenstein Studien. Neue Folge is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kultura i Wychowanie is the property of Akademii Humanistyczno-Ekonomicznej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rivista Italiana di Filosofia Politica is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since 2013, mortgage advisory has become an independent profession in the Netherlands. Initially working for mortgage providers, the newly nonpartisan advisers now work for standard advisory fees, thereby reducing conflicts of interest. In this article, I provide an ethical analysis of the different types of ethos of mortgage advisers, that is, the ways they see and talk about, and relate to their work in a certain way. The central research question is: What different kinds of ethos do mortgage advisers have, and which moral dilemmas do they experience in their advisory work? The existence of moral dilemmas is controversial in ethics but nonetheless experienced in real‐world business practice. An "ethological" understanding of morality is developed in this paper to understand how these dilemmas are experienced. Twenty‐nine mortgage advisers have participated in Q methodological research, a mixed qualitative–quantitative small‐sample method. Three different types of ethos were found: Principled Advisers, Moral Advisers, and Minimal Morality Advisers. In considering these three types, I argue that many mortgage advisers should professionalize their ethical stance and learn to address situations in which moral values are neglected. Business ethicists, in turn, need to acknowledge that something may be considered morally inappropriate but is still defensible in some other sense. In this paper, I develop a "layered" conception of business ethics that broadens the perspective from universal notions, such as "rights" and "duties," toward a concrete ethos that people have in a certain professional practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law & History / Türkiye klinikleri tıp Etiği, Hukuku ve Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law & History / Türkiye klinikleri tıp Etiği, Hukuku ve Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law & History / Türkiye klinikleri tıp Etiği, Hukuku ve Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law & History / Türkiye klinikleri tıp Etiği, Hukuku ve Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości is the property of Stowarzyszenie Ksiegowych w Polsce Rada Naukowa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Docencia Universitaria is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ereğli Faculty of Education Journal / Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Ereğli Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Eregli Faculty of Education Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article provides an overview of the book "Forbidden: Receiving Pope Francis's Condemnation of Nuclear Weapons," which delves into the context and implications of Pope Francis's condemnation of nuclear weapons. The book features essays from a range of contributors, including ethicists, political scientists, and diplomats, with the aim of elucidating the Pope's stance and its impact on national defense and international security. The article also offers a brief history of nuclear weapons, including the development of deterrence and the Church's position on them. It highlights the failure of deterrence to lead to disarmament and the moral and practical concerns associated with nuclear weapons. The text explores the reception of Pope Francis's condemnation and examines the ethical and practical implications of his teaching. It acknowledges the existence of differing perspectives within the Catholic community regarding nuclear deterrence and disarmament. The article stresses the importance of careful consideration and discernment in response to the Pope's teaching, while recognizing the possibility of disagreement. It presents various arguments both for and against nuclear deterrence and proposes the development of an ethic of nuclear disarmament. The text also discusses the roles of different groups, such as military leaders, scientists, and ordinary citizens, in promoting disarmament. It concludes by emphasizing the responsibility of the entire Catholic Church to receive and act upon the Pope's teaching. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a trait that affects people's thinking and behavior. People who are higher in SPS are more sensitive to internal and environmental stimuli. The present study examined the effects of transformational and transactional leadership behaviors on follower ethical cognition and perception and the role that follower SPS plays in that process. Design/methodology/approach: Participants read vignettes in which their leader was described as transformational or transactional. Participants then qualitatively answered a series of four emails asking questions about an ethical problem. Then they completed measures of ethical perceptions and SPS. Qualitative data were content coded to evaluate ethical cognition. Findings: Results indicated that people higher in SPS had lower ethical perceptions than people lower in SPS when their leader was transactional. However, when their leader was transformational, people higher in SPS had higher ethical perceptions than people lower in SPS. Results suggest that a match between a follower's SPS and a leader's behaviors can influence followers' ethical perceptions. Findings suggest that organizational leader and management development interventions should encourage leaders to use transformational behaviors to improve followers' ethical perceptions. Originality/value: Previous research has examined the effects of transformational and transactional leadership on many outcomes for followers, including ethical attitudes and behaviors. The present study contributes to this literature by examining the effects of transformational and transactional leadership behaviors on ethical cognition and perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethical considerations are the chief concerns in medical research. Present study assesses the knowledge, awareness and attitude of research ethics among medical faculty in a government teaching hospital in India. A self-administered pre-tested structured and validated questionnaire based on ICMR ethical guidelines was made available to all consenting participants. A total of 30 faculty members were enrolled in the survey Descriptive statistics were applied for data analysis. Faculty was aware of the guidelines, 83% participants having read the ICMR guidelines. Except for one, all faculty members were aware of an Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC). 73.3% had the opportunity of being a part of research projects. 96.6% of participants responded correctly to questions on Informed consent, 60% to question on research involving children, while 96% responded correctly to questions on 'Confidentiality'. Less than 60% are aware about the details of IEC. 57% had knowledge of functions and roles of a research ethics committee. 42% were aware of the composition of IEC. Only 39% were familiar with proposal submission and review process by the IEC. Regarding the attitudes of faculty about research ethics all participants agreed that there is a need for an IEC in each institution and the members constituting the IEC should receive training in bioethics. All participants were of the view that research ethics should be taught mandatorily in medical curricula. 100% believed that all investigators should also have necessary training in research ethics. The attitude of all faculty members was favourable towards research ethics. All faculty felt the need for further education on research ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses data for 53 countries from the World Values Survey in a multilevel regression analysis that seeks to disentangle individual, institutional and other-regarding factors affecting ethical decision-making. The dependent variable is an index of how intolerant people are of unethical conduct. The explanatory variables indicate the perceived trustworthiness and fairness of others. Controls include variables for individual and institutional factors. Findings are that perceptions of trustworthiness in people unknown to them and perceptions of fairness in others correlate with a greater tolerance of unethical behavior, especially in countries with moderate levels of institutional quality. High institutional quality moderates the negative relationship between perceptions and ethical attitudes. The findings confirm the relevance of other-regarding factors and reinforce the importance of quality institutions in supporting ethical decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transference phenomena such as bodily sensations, feelings and associations that observers experience in themselves have already been shown in previous studies to be suitable for learning more about processes in analytic groups. For this study, we compared the manifest interactions of around 100 participants in a large group that took place in Altaussee, Austria, in spring of 2022 in the context of the Covid pandemic and the Russian threat of war with the content-analyzed perceptions of 10 observers. Above all, it proved important to express and share personal fears – according to the observers' associations, the group became a mirror of society affected by the pandemic, war and the movement of refugees. The mature processing of the threatening feelings of fear and anger is striking. Divisions are dissolved, images of the enemy are scrutinized and aspects of own perpetratorship are recognized. In the group, it is possible to look together at the threatening aspects, which is also reflected in the transference feelings of the observers. Parallel to a case-by-case „regression in the service of the ego", evil-punishing superego parts are weakened: not being allowed to feel good oneself in times of war and global crisis. Some aspects of the manifest group harmony were perceived by the observers as exaggerated, some aspects of the regression as denying reality, some aspects of the insular setting as sectarian. In a mature way of dealing with external pressures, the knowledge of threats seems to be shifted from the constantly agonizingly conscious to the co-conscious, where it remains available when needed without dominating the state of mind. At the same time, it is not blocked from perception, i.e. it is not denied, split off and repressed. Tolerance of ambiguity is developed as a resource that strengthens personal resilience and everyday competence in society: the participants reflect on their basic ethical attitude of human solidarity as well as their ability to abstain from unproductive actionism as well as their ability to endure powerlessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We examined physicians' perspectives on the mental capabilities of pediatric patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and their attitudes towards limiting life‐sustaining treatment (LST) in an international context. Method: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 267 neuropediatricians, practicing in 65 countries. Comparisons were made according to the Human Development Index (HDI) of the countries. The Idler Index of Religiosity was applied to determine religiosity. Results: Participants from countries with a very high HDI were generally more favorable to limiting LST (p < 0.001), specifically cardiopulmonary resuscitation (p = 0.021), intubation/ventilation (p = 0.014), hemodialysis/hemofiltration (p < 0.001), and antibiotic therapy (p < 0.001). Treatment costs that were too high had a weaker influence on their decisions (p < 0.001). Participants who found it never ethically justifiable to limit LST had a higher mean Idler Index of private (p = 0.001) and general (p = 0.020) religiosity and were less satisfied with treatment decisions (p < 0.001) and the communication during the process (p = 0.016). Interpretation: The perspectives towards limiting LST for pediatric patients with UWS are markedly different between physicians from countries with very high and lower HDIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though Ernesto Che Guevara and Mao Zedong were two of the most influential Marxist revolutionaries of the twentieth century, there have been practically no attempts to explore the intellectual relationship between Guevara's Marxism and Maoism. Yet an examination of Guevara's writings, speeches and interviews reveals that several of the assumptions and postulates that constitute the core of Maoist political theory also represent fundamental components of Guevara's theoretical perspective. These include the belief that a society can skip developmental stages on the road to socialism; an emphasis on the importance of remoulding people's values and attitudes; opposition to the conventional division of labour; the prioritization of moral incentives in building socialism and communism; and condemnation of the policy of peaceful coexistence with imperialism. Despite these similarities, it would be an error to consider Guevara a Maoist, given his rejection of some of the theses and practices characteristic of Maoism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Death, Illness, Body and Soul in Written and Visual Culture in Byzantium and Late Medieval Balkans," edited by Vlada Stanković, explores the topics of death and illness, as well as the body and soul, in Byzantine and late medieval Serbian culture. The book is divided into two parts, with the first part examining the meaning of death and the afterlife in Byzantine history, and the second part discussing testimonies about death and related concepts. The contributors analyze various sources, including written texts, visual representations, and prayers, to understand how these themes were understood and experienced in Byzantium and medieval Serbia. The book provides valuable insights for researchers interested in the cults of saints, Christian attitudes toward death, and moral behavior in the Middle Ages, and it highlights the similarities between Eastern and Western religiosity. [Extracted from the article]

I start with a detailed but partial analysis of a case regarding grade inflation. The case is inspired by the discussion in Crumbley et al. (2010) and its elaboration in Roberts (2016). I supplement the case description by introducing certain facts that are not in the original discussion. The subsequent analysis is based on this enriched case description. I then raise a number of objections against my analysis. An important metaethical, methodological question emerges while responding to these objections. To what extent are characterizations of moral situations and their descriptions independent from moral commitments? Is there a neutral concept of moral relevance? I argue that we do not have a theory-neutral concept of moral relevance, and that case descriptions essentially presuppose moral commitments. From my moral perspective, as this perspective is reflected in the enriched case description I utilize, the original case description of grade inflation already involves utilizing the wrong moral perspective or theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuity of the green environment, economy, and entrepreneur-ship is essential for sustainable development. Therefore, this research aims to explored the potential of informal institutions in promoting Green Enterpreneurship (GE) and sustainable socio-economic development. The method employed used microeconomic data rooted in local wisdom, social norms, and localized moral commitments from various regions of Indonesia. Data collection comprised surveys and structured interviews relevant to the research objectives. Quantitative data material was obtained by conducting a field survey of 150 household samples of green entrepreneurship respondents taken representatively in various regions using simple random sampling techniques. The design employed a two-stage mixed-method approach, including exploratory and explanatory designs. The result showed the significance of Green Enterpreneurship (GE) in mitigating the impacts of global climate change and economic crises, thereby contributing to the attainment of sustainable development goals. However, the main results of the research confirm that the capacity of formal institutions has not been able to navigate the complexity of these problems isssues is limited. Conversely, informal institutions, though capable of mitigating global climate change and advancing sustainable development, remained localized and lacked national and global integration and collaboration. Green Enterpreneurship (GE), as a form of social innovation, gave rise to new models of socio-economic solidarity within unique local communities. The research also underscored the pivotal role of informal institutions in facilitating these endeavors, thereby filling a void in high-quality new institutional economic theory [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a storytelling robot, controlled via the ACT-R cognitive architecture, able to adopt different persuasive techniques and ethical stances while conversing about some topics concerning COVID-19. The main contribution of the paper consists in the proposal of a needs-driven model that guides and evaluates, during the dialogue, the use (if any) of persuasive techniques available in the agent procedural memory. The portfolio of persuasive techniques tested in such a model ranges from the use of storytelling to framing techniques and rhetorical-based arguments. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first attempt of building a persuasive agent able to integrate a mix of explicitly grounded cognitive assumptions about dialogue management, storytelling and persuasive techniques as well as ethical attitudes. The paper presents the results of an exploratory evaluation of the system on 63 participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Allocation of scarce organs for transplantation is ethically challenging. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been proposed to assist in liver allocation, however the ethics of this remains unexplored and the view of the public unknown. The aim of this paper was to assess public attitudes on whether AI should be used in liver allocation and how it should be implemented. Methods: We first introduce some potential ethical issues concerning AI in liver allocation, before analysing a pilot survey including online responses from 172 UK laypeople, recruited through Prolific Academic. Findings: Most participants found AI in liver allocation acceptable (69.2%) and would not be less likely to donate their organs if AI was used in allocation (72.7%). Respondents thought AI was more likely to be consistent and less biased compared to humans, although were concerned about the "dehumanisation of healthcare" and whether AI could consider important nuances in allocation decisions. Participants valued accuracy, impartiality, and consistency in a decision-maker, more than interpretability and empathy. Respondents were split on whether AI should be trained on previous decisions or programmed with specific objectives. Whether allocation decisions were made by transplant committee or AI, participants valued consideration of urgency, survival likelihood, life years gained, age, future medication compliance, quality of life, future alcohol use and past alcohol use. On the other hand, the majority thought the following factors were not relevant to prioritisation: past crime, future crime, future societal contribution, social disadvantage, and gender. Conclusions: There are good reasons to use AI in liver allocation, and our sample of participants appeared to support its use. If confirmed, this support would give democratic legitimacy to the use of AI in this context and reduce the risk that donation rates could be affected negatively. Our findings on specific ethical concerns also identify potential expectations and reservations laypeople have regarding AI in this area, which can inform how AI in liver allocation could be best implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What are the fittingness conditions of gratitude? One assumption seems unquestioned in the literature: that whenever it's fitting for you to be grateful to me, that's because I've benefitted or tried to benefit you. In this paper, I argue that that's false. You may sometimes fittingly be grateful precisely because I refrained from benefitting you. Or you may be grateful because I omitted to instrumentalise you, or treated you justly – where this isn't reducible to benefits. Morality isn't all about benefits, so gratitude isn't either. Instead, gratitude is the proper response to being shown more positive moral regard than you're owed – where such regard might consist in beneficence, or respect, or in whatever kind of positive moral attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against pacifist calls for peace at any price in Ukraine, Hans-Herbert Kögler argues that the west has a moral obligation to support Ukraine in its war against Russia. Kögler's argument is well-made. However, he does not mention the war at all. This may be an oversight because while moral principles may be universal, in practice, the context defines how morals are applied. Drawing on Clausewitz's concept of the Trinity, this response seeks to develop Kögler's moral argument by examining the practical, military implications of the war. It argues that because the war is heavily urbanised, the west's moral commitment is likely to be very deep and long. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "The Pedagogy of Otherness. An Ethical Commitment to Another Way of Educating" addresses the importance of pedagogy based on otherness and ethical commitment in education. It mentions the influence of philosopher E. Levinas in education, who proposes that the moral commitment of the teacher should be centered on the other. The importance of acceptance and compassion as fundamental elements in the pedagogy of otherness is highlighted. Additionally, the importance of testimony and hope in the educational field is mentioned. [Extracted from the article]