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101. Double helical conformation and extreme rigidity in a rodlike polyelectrolyte

Author

Wang, Ying, primary, He, Yadong, additional, Yu, Zhou, additional, Gao, Jianwei, additional, ten Brinck, Stephanie, additional, Slebodnick, Carla, additional, Fahs, Gregory B., additional, Zanelotti, Curt J., additional, Hegde, Maruti, additional, Moore, Robert B., additional, Ensing, Bernd, additional, Dingemans, Theo J., additional, Qiao, Rui, additional, and Madsen, Louis A., additional

Published
2019
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104. Sexism in Textbooks

Author

Moore, Robert B.

Abstract

Discusses controversy surrounding the equal-protection rights of students versus the freedom of expression rights of authors. This author pleads the side of the students and supports the Civil Rights Commission's endeavor to learn what sex and race bias guidelines textbook publishers use. Gives suggestions for parents and teachers. (BC)

Published
1978

105. Two History Texts: A Study in Contrast. A Study Guide and Lesson Plan.

Author

Racism and Sexism Resource Center for Educators, New York, NY. and Moore, Robert B.

Abstract

By comparing a text that is especially biased with one that is especially free of bias, the understanding and recognition of race and sex bias in history textbooks can be developed. "Your Mississippi" by John K. Bettersworth and "Mississippi: Conflict and Change", edited by Sallis and Loewen, provide examples for such a study. "Your Mississippi" is an example of "mytholized history"; its author has "the tendency to view Mississippi through white eyes, wearing rose colored glasses". "Conflict and Change" on the other hand is "one of the best history books to be found"; it "presents multiracial/multicultural concerns and experiences and honestly describes white racism". This document is intended as a study guide to develop participants' skills in analyzing textbooks. It describes the court issue regarding the adoption of the two texts in Mississippi. It compares the contrasting approaches toward Native Americans, slavery, Reconstruction, Post-Reconstruction, race, migration, industrialization, civil rights, other racial and ethnic groups, and women. Illustrations, wording, and formats are examined and compared, and parallel quotes on the same historical events are utilized. The glossary discusses perspective, myth, ethnocentrism, eurocentrism, isolation, omission, stereotype, characterization, bias, racism, and sexism and how they relate to the approaches taken by some history books. (DS)

Published
1975

106. Racism in the English Language.

Author

Council on Interracial Books for Children, Inc., New York, NY. and Moore, Robert B.

Abstract

This publication includes a study essay that discusses numerous ways in which the English language reflects and promotes racism. Among the topics discussed are black/white color symbolism, terms that reflect obvious bigotry, terms that reflect ethnocentrism on the part of white people, politics and terminology, and "loaded" terms that are used to refer to Africans and to Native Americans. The publication then provides a lesson plan for teaching students at all educational levels to recognize racism in the English language and to learn to use less racist language, and it suggests specific classroom activities. (GW)

Published
1976

107. Reconstruction: The Promise and Betrayal of Democracy. Teacher's Guide and Classroom Activities.

Author

Council on Interracial Books for Children, Inc., New York, NY., Moore, Robert B., and Banfield, Beryle

Abstract

Designed to be used with the sound-color filmstrip "Reconstruction: The Promise and Betrayal of Democracy," these learning activities are intended to help students in grades 5-9 develop critical thinking about how their textbook presents the Reconstruction Era. The activities focus on many ideas. Some of the focusing ideas presented are that racism and white supremacy conflict with the principles of the Declaration of Independence; that black people and some whites worked to end slavery and make the principles of the United States come true; and that land was a crucial need of the freedpeople and the lack of land redistribution was a fundamental failure of Reconstruction. Students read and discuss short reading selections provided and analyze the filmstrip. Each activity provides a focusing idea, objectives, information on time required, materials needed, teacher preparation, and classroom procedure. Bibliographies of additional student readings are also supplied. (RM)

Published
1983

108. Reconstruction: The Promise and Betrayal of Democracy.

Author

Council on Interracial Books for Children, Inc., New York, NY., Moore, Robert B., and Banfield, Beryle

Abstract

Common myths of the Reconstruction Era perpetuated by textbooks are examined and positive information to counter these myths is provided. The presentation of Reconstruction in 12 secondary level U.S. history textbooks, published between 1979 and 1982, is analyzed. The myths that are examined include the following: blacks were helpless and confused during Reconstruction, the freedpeople drifted aimlessly about the South, the land redistribution issue was an unfounded notion, freed blacks lacked the skills needed to build independent lives, white men played the central role in post-war social change, blacks were not smart, no white violence was used to overturn Reconstruction's gains, Southern white men were not very successful lawmakers, Northern whites who participated in the Reconstruction governments were greedy adventurers and Reconstruction governments were often corrupt. Also included are a bibliography of readings, a chronology of events of the Reconstruction Era, a list of textbooks used in the study, and statistics concerning blacks in our society. (RM)

Published
1983

124. Electromechanical performance and membrane stability of novel ionic polymer transducers constructed in the presence of ionic liquids

Author

Akle, Barbar J., Duncan, Andrew J., Leo, Donald J., Long, Timothy E., Park, Jong K., Moore, Robert B., Akle, Barbar J., Duncan, Andrew J., Leo, Donald J., Long, Timothy E., Park, Jong K., and Moore, Robert B.

Abstract

Ionic polymer transducers (IPT) are a class of devices that leverage electroactive polymers (EAP), specifically electrolyte-swollen ionomeric membranes, to perform energy conversions. Energy transformation from input to output is referred to as transduction and occurs between the electrical and mechanical domains. The present study expands on IPT investigations with a novel series of sulfonated polysulfones (sBPS), with specific interest in the effect of polymer topology on actuator performance. A hydrophilic ionic liquid was combined with a series of sBPS through a casting method to create hydrated membranes that contained target uptakes (f ) of the diluent. The ionic liquid's hydrophilic, yet organic nature raised the issue of its degree of compatibility and miscibility with the microphase separated domains of the host ionomeric membrane. Initial studies of the ionomer - ionic liquid morphology were performed with synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The effective plasticization of the membranes was identified with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in terms of varied storage modulus and thermal transitions with ionic liquid uptake. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to quantify the changes in ionic conductivity for each sBPS ionomer across a range of uptake. Combined results from these techniques implied that the presence of large amounts of ionic liquid swelled the hydrophilic domains of the ionomer and greatly increased the ionic conductivity. Decreases in storage modulus and the glass transition temperature were proportional to one another but of a lesser magnitude than changes in conductivity. The present range of ionic liquid uptake for sBPS was sufficient to identify the critical uptake (f c ) for three of the four ionomers in the series. Future work to construct IPTs with these components will use the critical uptake as a minimum allowable content of ionic liquid to optimize the balance of electrical and mechanical properties f

Published
2017

125. Reactive Compatibilization of Polypropylene and Polyamide-6,6 With Carboxylated and Maleated Polypropylene

Author

Manning, Steven C. and Moore, Robert B.

Subjects
Polypropylene -- Research, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology, Research
Abstract

Blends of polypropylene and polyamide-6,6 have been compatibilized with polypropylene that was carboxylated through a reactive extrusion process with an asymmetric functional peroxide. The compatibilized blends demonstrated a finely dispersed minor phase as shown by SEM. Because of the enhanced dispersion, additions of the carboxylated polypropylene to the blends resulted in a change in the crystallization nucleation mechanism of the PA-6,6 minor phase from heterogeneous to homogeneous in nature. A linear increase in the impact strength and significant enhancement in the tensile properties of the blends was observed with incorporations of the compatibilizer up to 30% of the matrix phase. In addition, the compatibilizing efficiency of the carboxylated polypropylene was compared to that of maleic anhydride functionalized polypropylene. When compared on an equivalent basis (total concentration of carboxylate or anhydride functionality added to the blend), the carboxylated polypropylene demonstrated a slightly better compatibilizing efficiency than that of the anhydride functionalized polypropylene. The higher compatibilizing efficiency of the carboxylated polypropylene was attributed to a higher grafting efficiency of the carboxylation procedure as compared to the anhydride functionalization procedure., INTRODUCTION The development of useful polymer blends has been the subject of intense investigation in recent years, as a result of their growing commercial importance. Since most polymer pairs are [...]

Published
1999

129. Acetyl-protected cytosine and guanine containing acrylics as supramolecular adhesives.

Author

Zhang, Keren, Fahs, Gregory B, Margaretta, Evan, Hudson, Amanda G, Moore, Robert B, and Long, Timothy E.

Subjects
BASE pairs, CYTOSINE, PRESSURE-sensitive adhesives, HYDROGEN bonding, STAINLESS steel
Abstract

Hydrogen bonding among nucleobase pairs serves as an efficient noncovalent interaction for designing supramolecular polymers with desired properties for pressure sensitive adhesives. Michael addition yielded acetyl-protected cytosine/guanine containing acrylic monomers with flexible spacers between the hydrogen bonding units and the acrylic backbone. Free radical polymerization of nucleobase-containing monomers afforded acetyl-protected cytosine/guanine homopolymers and random copolymers with n-butyl acrylate. Nucleobase incorporation significantly affected thermal, thermomechanical, rheological, morphological properties, and adhesive performance of polyacrylates. Guanine/cytosine-containing copolymers each exhibited a single glass transition (Tg) that increased with increasing nucleobase content. Self-association of acetyl cytosine and acetyl guanine units converted low Tg polyacrylates to physically crosslinked networks with mechanical integrity. Solution casting acetyl guanine-containing copolymers with 8 mol% or higher guanine content yielded free-standing films with microphase-separated morphologies. Acetyl cytosine-containing copolymers with 15 mol% or more cytosine formed free-standing films with less microphase-separation compared to the guanine copolymers. 1H NMR titration experiments established a 1:1 binding stoichiometry between acetyl cytosine and acetyl guanine monomers in CDCl3, similar to guanine-cytosine association. However, the acetyl protecting group hindered the formation of triple hydrogen bonding, resulting in double hydrogen bonding between acetyl cytosine and acetyl guanine with an intermediate binding strength comparable to their self-associations. Acetyl guanine-containing copolymers with 3 mol% acetyl guanine exhibited higher peel strength on stainless steel and higher extended service frequency range compared to cytosine-containing copolymers and various pressure sensitive adhesive controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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130. Quadruple hydrogen bonding containing supramolecular thermoplastic elastomers: Mechanical and morphological correlations.

Author

Chen, Xi, Zhang, Keren, Talley, Samantha J., Orsino, Christina M., Moore, Robert B., and Long, Timothy E.

Subjects
THERMOPLASTIC elastomers, HYDROGEN bonding, FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy, POLYMERS, CHEMICAL bonds
Abstract

We report the design of bioinspired, reversible supramolecular thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) functionalized with ureido‐cytosine (UCyt) complementary quadruple hydrogen bonding (QHB) sites. The polymer contained a soft poly(n‐butyl acrylate) central block that imparted flexibility and two external, hard nucleobase‐containing blocks that contributed to structural integrity. In addition, the hard block with pendant QHB motifs served as efficient physical crosslinks to further enhance the thermomechanical performance, where the polymer service window extended up to 30 °C higher compared to the controls that bear dimeric hydrogen bonding units. The resulting UCyt copolymers also exhibited improved surface and bulk morphology, which self‐assembled into well‐ordered lamellar microstructures. Moreover, the polymer displayed an unexpected moisture‐resistant property with less than 1 wt % equilibrium moisture uptake even at 95% relatively humidity, which presumably correlated with its well‐ordered and densely‐packed morphology facilitated by strong hydrogen bonding. Variable temperature Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy experiments further confirmed the thermoreversibility of hydrogen bonding, indicating melt‐processablility and recyclability of the polymer. These physical properties verified quadruple bonding dominated behavior, and structure–property–morphology relationships suggest key design parameters for future TPEs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 13–23 ABA triblock copolymers functionalized with ureido‐cytosine (UCyt) pendant groups exhibit well‐ordered microstructures and enhanced moisture resistance compared to their cytosine‐functionalized precursors. Complementary quadruple hydrogen bonding between UCyt dimers serve as strong molecular stickers to direct self‐assembly, promoting molecular recognition, chain packing, and phase ordering of the polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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132. Anomalous Appearance of a Distinct Glass Transition in Perfluoroimide Acid Ionomers

Author

Marie, Christina, Lindell, Matthew, Yandrasits, Michael, Hamrock, Steven, and Moore, Robert B

Abstract

This work presents the first in-depth study on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of multi-acid perfluorinated ionomers developed by 3M. Perfluoroimide acid ionomer (PFIA) contains two acidic sites per sidechain as opposed to conventional perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers (PFSA) with only one. This additional acidic site leads to remarkable improvements in proton conductivity and presents a novel membrane for use as proton exchange membranes in fuel cells. Interestingly, the additional acidic site on PFIA leads to unexpected differences in thermal and mechanical properties, including the appearance of a distinct glass transition temperature otherwise not seen in PFSA ionomers. Here we probe the apparent glass transition and assign it to the true glass transition temperature of PFIA.

Published
2019

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