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Context: The objective was to study the extent of anaesthetic intervention and its association with systemic comorbidities. The secondary objectives were to estimate the prevalence of systemic comorbidities in age-related cataracts. Aims: To determine the prevalence of systemic comorbidities in cataract surgery patients and association with anaesthesiologists' intervention. Settings and Design: Prospective observational study. Methods and Materials: The study was done inatertiary care hospital over a period of 3 months. Adult and consenting patients were included and those having sensitivity or toxic reaction to local anaesthetics, uncooperative, and paediatric patients were excluded. Statistical Analysis: The sample size (717) was calculated according to the formula for the finite population. The total number of patients suffering from comorbidities, adverse events during surgery, and events attended by an anesthesiologist with percentages were calculated. Results: Of the 717 patients studied, comorbidities were associated with 385 (53.69%) patients; among which hypertension was most frequent and found in 174 (20.30%). As much as 113 (15.72%) patients had adverse events during surgery and required intervention by the attending anaesthesiologist in which 26 (15.72%) patients required drug administration for stabilization of condition of the patient. Conclusions: From this study, we conclude that there is a correlation between prevalent comorbidities and active intervention by the attending anaesthesiologist in patients undergoing cataract surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Orthodontic treatment is aimed at achieving good facial aesthetic and occlusion. Proportioned soft tissue contours form an integral part of orthodontic treatment. It is important to establish standard cephalometric norms for various population groups. The present study was aimed to establish soft tissue norms (for Orthognathic surgery) for South Indian population and to compare the values with that of Caucasian standards. Materials and methods: 50 South Indian subjects comprising of 25 males and 25 females in the age group of 18-30 years were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria who were subjected to lateral cephalometric radiographic analysis. Soft tissue parameters were analysed in the study group and compared with the Caucasian group based on Burstone and Legan analysis. Results: South Indian population showed increased lower face protrusion, lower lip protrusion, upper lip protrusion and deep mentolabial sulcus in both males and females when compared to Caucasian population. An increased lower face-throat angle was seen in South Indian males. Diverse results were also seen in some other soft tissue parameters. Conclusion and clinical significance: The current study shows that certain soft tissue cephalometric parameters in South Indian population are significantly different from the Caucasian population in both males and females. The differences in both racial groups are clearly evident in the study and can thus be of utmost clinical importance while planning out orthognathic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed evaluate the structural morphology of palatal rugae in Kerala orthodontic subjects with varying Sagittal Skeletal Malocclusions. Pretreatment maxillary casts of 105 patients were analyzed for rugae patterns qualitatively and quantitatively using modified Thomas and Kotze classification. The data were statistically analyzed. According to the Fishers exact test, the most common type of rugae pattern in all the groups (Class I, Class II, and Class III) were observed to be wavy followed by curved. Skeletal Class III had the highest number of straight rugae 71.4% among the three groups which was statistically significant. Direction of rugal alignment was horizontal and droplet-shaped incisive papilla was identified among different skeletal dysplasia groups. Palatal ruage may serve as valuable indicators for population identification and help in facial reconstructions through their association with varying skeletal malocclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Background: Dental practice is blooming in India with many conventional and advanced setups providing orthodontic services. Orthodontics as a specialty has come to the forefront, as awareness of orthodontic therapy has increased. It is important to classify any health practice to understand, compare, and research the implications of various organizational setups in the country. It should possess the ability to chart the similarities and distinctions between different setups for ease of communication and patient awareness. Presently, there is no defined system that classifies the type of orthodontic practice in the country. Lack of any classification of the organizational setups makes it impossible to categorize or compare the various setups for research purpose, recognition of the dental personnel and facilities provided. This article aims to propose a simple 3-stage classification to orthodontic practices in India. Technique: Three-stage classification of orthodontic practice in group, type, and subtype gives a comprehensive coverage to all types of orthodontic setups in India. The group explains the center in three levels based on the armamentarium and services provided. The type explains the center in five levels based on ownership and scope of providing care. Finally, the subtype explains the availability and qualification of the operating personnel. Conclusion and Significance: This classification aims to provide a tool for communication and recording the levels of orthodontic care possible at any given center. It also facilitates continued study of its impact on practice efficacy and patient awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doxorubicin (DOX) usefulness is limited due to its cardiotoxic effects. In the present study the protective effects of ethanolic peel extract of Punica granatum (EPEPG) against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats was investigated. We studied the effect of ethanolic peel extract of Punica granatum (100 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) and vitamin E as reference standard drug on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity by testing the heart weight/body weight ratio, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes. The biochemical parameters, which were measured in the blood were blood glutathione, creatine kinase (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and in heart were, tissue glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in all the animals. Before and after treatment with (EPEPG, 100 mg/kg) reduced the activity of both creatine kinase (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes, and significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). It also increased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) in tissue and blood glutathione. Histopathological examination of heart tissue showed that treatment (before and after) with (EPEPG) ameliorated the effect of DOX administration on cardiac tissue; cardiac myocytes looked more or less similar to those of control. The above observations suggest that DOX induced cardiotoxicity occurs due to oxidative stress and ethanolic peel extract of Punica granatum has produced cardio protective activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Parasitic infections such as toxoplasmosis, hydatidosis, and cysticercosis infect a large population worldwide. Toxoplasma gondii in the pancreas could damage the pancreatic cells. Hence, insulin secretion would be affected which leads to increased risk of diabetes. The present study was designed to investigate the cooccurrence of parasitic infections in patients with diabetes. Methods: A total of 256 confirmed parasitic serum samples were included in the study, of which 95 were positive for toxoplasmosis, 87 for hydatidosis, and 74 for cysticercosis infection. These samples were then analyzed for hyperglycemia. Results: In case of hydatidosis, the frequency of hyperglycemia was 14.94%, followed by cysticercosis (10.8%) and toxoplasmosis (8.42%). The frequency of insulin resistance was analyzed in these hyperglycemic samples. The coprevalence of diabetes was higher in case of hyperglycemic hydatidosis patient samples (11.49%), followed by cysticercosis (8.10%) while the coprevalence of diabetes was minimum (6.31%) in toxoplasmosis patients samples. Thus, the overall prevalence of diabetes with parasitic infections was 8.6%. Conclusion: The study suggested the coexistence of hyperglycemia in hydatidosis, cysticercosis, and toxoplasmosis infected samples. However, higher prevalence of high glucose level was detected among hydatidosis infected samples. Thus, suggested individuals infected with hydatidosis were more susceptible for diabetes in comparison to toxoplasmosis and cysticercosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The introduction of intraosseous screws as temporary orthodontic anchorage devices has proved successful in achieving sufficient molar distalization without major anchorage loss in Class II malocclusions. Bone-anchored pendulum appliance is used to obtain an effective and compliance-free molar distalization without anchorage loss. Aims And Objectives: This prospective study was designed to evaluate and compare the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects produced by 2 types of pendulum appliance with different anchorage modalities - the Bone anchored pendulum appliance (BAPA) and Conventional pendulum appliance (CPA) in subjects with Angle's Classl I malocclusion. Materialsand Methods: BAPAgroup consisted of 5 patients with mean age, 16.4±1.5years. The CPA group consisted of 5 patients with mean age, 16.6±1.1 years. Lateral cephalograms & dental casts were obtained at pre-treatment stage& after achieving Class I molar relation. Dentoalveolar, skeletal, soft tissue measurements and dental cast measurement were recorded & compared between the groups. Results and Conclusions: Successful distalization was achieved in both groups in a mean period of 6.2 months for BAPA and 5.2 months for CPA. It was concluded that, both theBAPA and CPA were effective for the distalization of maxillary molars. Though the distal molar movements obtained were similar between the BAPA and the CPA groups, anchorage loss was observed with the CPA in the form of premolar mesialization& incisor proclination, whereas absence of anchorage loss, significant spontaneous distal premolar movement, and distal incisor movement was observed with the BAPA, making it a viable choice compared to the CPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess and determine the perception of facial profile attractiveness by orthodontists and general public using Silhouette method. In addition, the orthodontists and the general public (laypeople) compared the facial profile components that they considered desirable for malesand females Methodology: 30 Subjects in the age group of 18-25 years who met all the inclusion and exclusion criteria's were selected from a local Dakshina Kannada Population. After examining each subject for his/her dental occlusion and facial profiles, profile photographs of the subjects were taken. These photographs were shown to Orthodontists and laypeople for their approval, and a subject with the most pleasing profile was selected. After the subject was selected, a lateral cephalogram was taken and various angular and linear measurements were recorded. Using the average values recorded, an androgynous facial Silhouette was constructed. These facial Silhouettes (30) were evaluated by 50 Orthodontists and 50 laymen from local population. Results: Perception differences were noted between males and females or among Orthodontists and laypeople. No statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) was reported in all series of profiles selection for most preferred and least preferred profile among Orthodontists and laypersons and between males and female profiles. Conclusions: This study showed the perception of well balanced and imbalanced faces. In some of the variables, there was a clear contrast in preference of profiles for males and females by the Orthodontists and laypeople, while in some variables it was not. A universal standard of facial aesthetic is not applicable to diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probabilistic forecasting accounts for the uncertainty in prediction that arises from inaccurate input data due to measurement errors, as well as the inherent inaccuracy of a prediction model. Because of the variable nature of renewable power generation depending on weather conditions, probabilistic forecasting is well suited to it. For a grid-tied solar farm, it is increasingly important to forecast the solar power generation several hours ahead. In this study, we propose three different methods for ensemble probabilistic forecasting, derived from seven individual machine learning models, to generate 24-h ahead solar power forecasts. We have shown that while all of the individual machine learning models are more accurate than the traditional benchmark models, like autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), the ensemble models offer even more accurate results than any individual machine learning model alone does. Furthermore, it is observed that running separate models on the data belonging to the same hour of the day vastly improves the accuracy of the results. Getting more accurate forecasts will help the stakeholders come up with better decisions in resource planning and control when large-scale solar farms are integrated into the power grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The evaluation of genetic markers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and their connection to tooth movement can be helpful., Aim: The objective of this research is to assess the relationship involving leptin levels and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM)., Study Setting and Design: Thirty individuals reporting to the Department of Orthodontics participated in an observational prospective study., Material and Method: Thirty orthodontic patients (15 male and 15 female) were included in the current study. The association of leptin concentration (GCF) was measured before and after orthodontic force was applied to move the mesially impacted canine distally (tooth movement distance on dental cast)., Statistical Analysis: With the help of SPSS software version 21, the data were statistically examined using the "t" test, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni correction in Chicago. The average degree of tooth movement was calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient, and it was connected to the average leptin levels., Results: Average leptin levels in GCF elevated from baseline (T0, 285.315 picograms/micro litre) to 1 h after force application (T1, 384.683 pg/μL), then raised to a maximum at after 24 h (T2, 927.64 pg/μL), and decreased to the least amount after 15 days (T3, 29.26 pg/μL) and another time increase after two months (242.31 pg/μL). The degree of OTM was significantly correlated with the levels of leptin., Conclusion: While OTM was occurring, a biphasic fluctuation in the leptin level was noted. The amount of tooth movement was significantly correlated with the GCF leptin level., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Dental Research.)