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Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in severe consequences worldwide. Our study aims to assess the quality of life (QoL) domains and its determinants among the general population in Arab countries after two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An anonymous online cross-sectional survey using the short version of World Health Organization QoL (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument was distributed among Arab adults in 15 Arab Countries. Results A total of 2008 individuals completed the survey. Amongst them, 63.2% were 18–40 years and 63.2% were females, 26.4% had chronic disease, 39.7% confirmed having contracted COVID-19, and 31.5% had experienced the unfortunate loss of relatives due to COVID-19. The survey revealed that 42.7% reported good physical QoL, 28.6% were satisfied with psychological QoL, 32.9% had a sense of well-being in the social domain, and 14.3% had good QoL in the environmental domain. The predictors of physical domains were as follows: being a male (β = 4.23 [95%CI 2.71, 5.82]), being from low-middle income country (β = -3.79 [95%CI -5.92, -1.73]) or being from high-middle-income country (β = -2.95 [95%CI -4.93, -0.92]), having a a chronic disease (β = -9.02 [95%CI -10.62,-7.44]) having a primary/secondary education (β = -2.38 [95%CI -4.41, -0.054]), number of years of work experience ≥ 15 years (β = 3.25 [95%CI 0.83, 5.73]), income-per-capita [ranged from (β = 4.16 [95%CI -5.91, -2.40]) to (β = -11.10 [95CI%, -14.22, -8.11])], a previous COVID-19 infection (β = -2.98 [95%CI -4.41, -1.60]), and having relative died from COVID-19 (β = -1.56 [95%CI -3.01, -0.12]). The predictors of psychological domain were having a chronic disease (β = -3.15 [95%CI -4.52, -1.82]), a postgraduate education (β = 2.57 [95% CI 0.41, 4.82]), number of years of work experience ≥ 15 years (β = 3.19 [95%CI 1.14, 5.33]), income-per-capita [ranged from (β = -3.52 [95%CI -4.91, -1.92]) to (β = -10.31 [95%CI -13.22, -7.44])], and a previous COVID-19 infection (β = -1.65 [95%CI -2.83, -0.41]). The predictors of social domain were being a male (β = 2.78 [95%CI 0.93, 4.73]), being single, (β =-26.21 [-28.21, -24.32]), being from a low-income country (β = 5.85 [95%CI 2.62, 9.13]), or from a high-middle-income country (β = -3.57 [95%CI -6.10, -2.12]), having a chronic disease (β = -4.11 [95%CI -6.13, -1.11]), and income-per-capita [ranged from (β = -3.62 [95%CI -5.80, -1.41]) to (β = -11.17 [95%CI -15.41, -6.92])]. The predictors of environmental domain were being from a low-middle-income country (β = -4.14 [95%CI -6.90, -1.31), from a high-middle-income country (β = -12.46 [95%CI -14.61, -10.30]), or from a low-income-country (β = -4.14 [95%CI, -6.90, -1.32]), having a chronic disease (β = -3.66 [95%CI -5.30, -1.91]), having a primary/secondary education (β = -3.43 [95%CI -5.71, -1.13]), being not working (β = -2.88 [95%CI -5.61, -0.22]), income-per-capita [ranged from (β = -9.11 [95%CI -11.03, -7.21] to (β = -27.39 [95%CI -31.00, -23.84])], a previous COVID-19 infection (β = -1.67 [95%CI -3.22, -0.21]), and having a relative who died from COVID-19 (β = -1.60 [95%CI -3.12, -0.06]. Conclusion The study highlights the need for public health interventions to support the general population in the Arab countries and mitigate its impact on their QoL.

Abstract Background Although the activity of the perianal fistula has been evaluated before by MRI in the literature, limited diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) studies are reported to date. Our study aimed to elucidate the role of DT-MRI in evaluating the activity state of the perianal fistula and the prediction of postoperative complications. We reviewed the data of 30 patients diagnosed with perianal fistula and referred them for an MRI diffusion study before the surgical intervention. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated for the fistulous area and the normal surrounding puborectalis as a control area. Results According to the presence of pus intraoperatively, patients were allocated into two groups: the active group (10 patients) and the inactive group (20 patients). FA and ADC measurements showed a significant decrease in association with the active disease when measured at the fistula site, and this was not observed in the normal surrounding tissues. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.985 and 0.730 for the ADC and FA, respectively, when cutoff values of 1 × 10–3 mm2/s and 0.621 were applied, respectively. Adding the FA to the ADC increased the DT-MRI specificity to 95% in the determination of the active fistula. The combination between both FA and ADC increased the AUC to 0.785 with a sensitivity of 73.7% and specificity of 63.6% in the detection of postoperative complications. Conclusions DT-MRI could be used as a reliable diagnostic tool to differentiate patients with active perianal fistula disease from inactive ones and to predict the postoperative outcome.

Imaging technologies based on chemiluminescence (CL) and bioluminescence (BL) have seen a tremendous growth in the past decade due to their extensive contributions to biochemical analysis and biomedical science. CL and BL imaging technologies have many advantages over commonly used imaging techniques (such as fluorescence and electrochemical systems). CL and BL proceed without an external light source, thus avoiding photobleaching, high interference of background signal, and autofluorescence. Furthermore, CL and BL analytical techniques are characterized by their low detection limit, high selectivity, short assay time, and simple instrumentation. Recently, CL-based imaging technology has been applied successfully for the determination and in vivo imaging of several significant analytes. Meanwhile, an innovative BL imaging technology has been established for the noninvasive real-time tracking of different biomolecules relying on the interaction between luciferase and its substrate. In the current review, we discuss the recent applications of CL and BL imaging approaches over the past five years. Finally, we also discuss the current state of progress and the prospects for CL and BL imaging systems.

Abstract Background Addiction is a medical condition characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli, despite adverse consequences and is considered a disorder of the brain’s reward system. Exercise addiction (EA) involves excessive concerns for exercise routines, an abusive practice, and the inability to control one’s own behavior, as well as the presence of psychological processes that are typical of behavioral addictions such as abstinence. The aim of the study is to translate and validate the Exercise Dependence Scale 21 Manual and also to detect the presence of sports addiction among a sample of Egyptian sports clubs’ attendants and to find out the rate of Internet and video gaming addiction among them. Results The Exercise Dependence Scale 21, Internet Addiction Test (IAT) Scale and Video Gaming Addiction Scale were used on a convenient sample regularly practicing sports. The participants were divided into 3 groups according to the result of (EDS21-M): (a) sports addicts (exercise-dependent), (b) symptomatic at risk, and (c) control group (asymptomatic non-dependent). The average age of the group of sports addicts was 28.67 years, 88% of the sample were males, the control group showed significantly higher incidence of problematic gaming of 40.8 % compared to only 33.33% among sports addicts, and higher levels of potential problematic Internet use of 28.57% versus 21.43% in the symptomatic at risk of sports addiction and 22.22% in the sports addicts and also 78.43% of cases with sports addiction or symptomatic at risk had normal Internet use versus 71.43% of the control group. The addicted gamers represented 3.92% of the sports addiction and those symptomatic at risk, and 82.35% of the same group showed no problem with video gaming addiction. There were no correlations between exercise dependence and Internet addiction Conclusions Being addicted to sports may absorb most of the time and energy of the person and compensate him psychologically and in physically and mentally healthy ways than to be indulging and spending the time and effort in video gaming and Internet in a pathological addictive way.

In this study, we introduce a novel combination of layer-static-weighted attention and ascending feature selection techniques to predict the seriousness level of adverse drug events using the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). We utilized natural language processing (NLP) to analyze the terms in the active substance field, in addition to considering demographic and event information such as patient sex, healthcare provider qualification, and drug characterization. Our ascending feature selection method, which progressively incorporates additional features based on their importance, demonstrated continuous enhancements in prediction performance. Simultaneously, we employed a layer-static-weighted attention technique, which dynamically adjusts the model’s focus between natural language processing (NLP) and demographic features. This technique achieved its best performance at a balanced weight of 50%, yielding an average test accuracy of 74.56% and CV ROC score of 0.83 when 4000 features were included, indicating a compelling advantage to include a larger volume of meaningful features. By integrating these methodologies, we constructed a robust model capable of effectively predicting seriousness levels, offering significant potential for improving pharmacovigilance and enhancing drug safety monitoring. The results underscore the value of NLP and demographic data in predicting drug event seriousness and demonstrate the effectiveness of our combined techniques. We encourage further research to refine these methods and evaluate their application to other clinical datasets.

In the current study, among 36 isolates, the bacterial strain M7 was selected as the highest cellulase producer and underwent traditional and molecular identification as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M7. The productivity of the cellulase enzyme was optimized using the one-factor-at-a-time method. The optimization analysis showed that the best pH value for cellulase production was 7, in the presence of 1% bacterial inoculum size, 5 g·L−1 of carboxymethyl cellulose, 5 g·L−1 of peptone as nitrogen source, and incubation period of 24 h at a temperature of 35°C. The highest cellulase activity (64.98 U·mL−1) was obtained after optimizing conditions using BOX-Behnken Design. The maximum cellulase yield (75.53%) was obtained after precipitation by 60% ammonium sulfate, followed by purification by dialysis bag and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The purified cellulase enzyme was characterized by 6.38-fold enrichment, with specific activity (60.54 U·mg−1), and molecular weight of approximately 439.0 Da. The constituent of purified cellulase was 18 amino acids with high concentrations of 200 and 160 mg·L−1 for glycine and arginine, respectively. The purified cellulase enzyme was more stable and active at pH 8 and an incubation temperature of 50°C. The metal ions CaCl2, NaCl, and ZnO enhanced the activity of purified cellulase enzyme. Finally, the B. amyloliquefaciens M7-cellulase exhibits high bio-polishing activity of cotton fabrics with low weight loss (4.3%) which was attained at a maximum concentration (1%, v/v) for 90 min.

Scientific backgrounds: Development of nanostructured biodegradable alloys has generated a great deal of interest in the recent years as they offer promising bioactive materials for reconstruction of bony defects following traumatic fractures or surgical excision of tumors. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to investigate the biocompatibility of Iron–Manganese -based alloys (Fe–Mn) with addition of copper (Cu), Tungsten (W) and cobalt (Co) to obtain 3 different alloys namely, Fe–Mn–Cu, Fe–Mn–W, and Fe–Mn–Co on normal oral epithelial cell line,and their possible anticancer effect on MG-63: osteosarcoma cell line. Materials and methods: The sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was used to assess cell viability percentage of both cell lines after exposure to discs of the proposed experimental alloys. Moreover, the antibacterial effect of such alloys against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was tested using disc diffusion susceptibility (Kirby-Bauer method) and colony suspension method. Results: The cell viability percentage of oral epithelial cell line showed a significant increase in all the experimental groups in comparison to the control group. The highest percentage was observed in Fe–Mn–Co group, followed by Fe–Mn–W then Fe–Mn–Cu, at 24 and 72-h intervals, respectively. While the cell viability percentage of osteosarcoma cell line showed significant increase in all the experimental groups at 24-h intervals, it showed a significant drop in all the study groups at 72-h intervals. The lowest percentage was observed in Fe–Mn–Cu group, followed by Fe–Mn–W then Fe–Mn–Co. Moreover, all the examined study groups didn't show any inhibition zones against E. coli reference culture. Conclusions: The novel nanostructured biodegradable Fe–Mn–Cu, Fe–Mn–W, and Fe–Mn–Co metal alloys exhibit good biocompatibility on oral epithelial cell lines with the enhancement of cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner that favors bone regeneration. On the other hand, all the alloys manifested possible anticancer activity against MG-63: osteosarcoma cell line. Furthermore, our study sheds the light on the importance of Co, W and Cu as promising alloying elements. However, the antibacterial activity of the examined alloys is still questionable. Clinical relevance: The novel nanostructured biodegradable Fe–Mn–Cu, Fe–Mn–W, and Fe–Mn–Co metal alloys offer promising bioactive materials for reconstruction of bony defects following traumatic fractures or surgical excision of tumors, In addition, they could be excellent alternatives for undegradable or non-resorbable alloys that are commonly used. Moreover, they could be used as beneficial 3D printing materials to obtain patient-specific medical implants that favor bone regeneration in addition to manufacturing of plates and screws suitable for fracture fixation.

Abstract Background This study was designed to identify factors that influence outcomes in a large group of well-defined Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) patients with a 3-month follow-up period. Sixty-two cases of GBS with a mean age of 37.15 ± 17.60 years (33 males and 29 females) were recruited in the first 2 weeks after onset. Clinical history, examination, and a variety of rating scales including Medial Research Council sum score (MRC), Erasmus Guillain-Barré respiratory insufficiency score (EGRIS), at admission and 10 days later were performed. Follow-up investigations at 3 months included the Hughes Disability Scale (HDS), and Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale (ONLS). Results 64.5% of participants had cranial nerve deficits, 45% had neck muscle weakness, 30.6% had dysautonomia, and 8.1% were mechanically ventilated. C-reactive protein was elevated in 38.7%, and hyponatremia was recorded in 30.6% of patients. Older age, antecedent events particularly diarrhea, neck muscles weakness, low MRC sum score, impaired cough reflex, dysautonomia, and hyponatremia, were all significantly associated with poor outcomes at 3 months using HDS and ONLS. Regression analysis with dependent variables of HDS outcome showed that the presence of an antecedent event particularly diarrhea, neck muscle weakness, hyponatremia and the presence cytoalbuminous dissociation of CSF at onset, and low MRC sum score at 10th day after treatment, were predictors of poor outcome. Conclusion Clinical and laboratory predictors of poor outcome were older age, the presence of an antecedent event particularly diarrhea, low MRC sum score at the 10th day, elevated CRP, hyponatremia and the presence cytoalbuminous dissociation.

AIM: To describe the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of complicated cataract with pediatric trematodal granulomatous uveitis (TGU). METHODS: Patients of cataract with TGU in the membranous (inactive) stage underwent cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Preoperative history and ophthalmic examination were conducted for all cases, whereas Schimphlug imaging and corneal topography were done for some patients. Postoperative follow up was done on the 1st, 2nd, and 5th postoperative days after surgery. Then, it was done at least at one, three, and six months postoperatively. Intraoperative and postoperative complications and the methods of their management were reported. RESULTS: Twelve eyes of 12 male children were included in this study ranging from 8 to 16y. The mean best corrected Snellen visual acuity (BCVA) was significantly improved from 0.09±0.06 preoperatively to 0.37±0.11 at the final visit 6mo postoperatively (P

Women are a basic pillar in society and they are the source of life. Throughout history, women have been a reflection of the nature of the society in which they are and a criterion of the extent of progressive or reactionary ideas prevailing at a particular time. Throughout the ages, arts were the most important means of expressing the values prevailing in societies. The woman was and still is an inspiration to the artist and a symbol of beauty, motherhood, fertility, giving and dignity, thus forming a wide field of study and research as a beautiful and expressive model that contains intellectual and symbolic artistic values that the artist uses to express what the subjective topics are and convey his feelings to the recipient.Every civilization has been concerned with how to present the image of the woman that she represents to become a symbolic sign and icon of that civilization or culture, as if it crystallizes in the features and details of women all the meanings and connotations of civilizations, their culture and their arts. The position of women is evident in the arts of ancient civilizations, as they appeared in the mural painting in the most beautiful, spiritual and ideal forms, in multiple images, namely the queen, the princess, the gods, the mother and other forms of expression of her functions in society throughout history.In our current era, women are considered one of the most important visual elements in the art of mural painting, which contribute to illuminating the most important problems that women suffer from, developing the artistic sense of the recipient, and clarifying women's issues to society. Where this research deals with a study of the intellectual content of the form of women as a formative element in models of murals that depicted women in ancient civilizations and presented the most important contemporary models that depicted women and expressed through them various topics, and how the design philosophy of contemporary artists differed in the expression of women, whether it was The intellectual content presented directly or symbolic content that provides a specific message to the recipient or defends and honors women's rights. The research also presents the practical experience of the researcher and theorizing the art exhibition, which was entitled (Women ... and a Contemporary Mosaic Vision) through the work of proposed designs for implementation in the university campus for expatriate students in Alexandria

Abstract Wildlife has exposed to various environmental stressors. Reptiles (ectothermic) are highly susceptible to climatic changes due to their behaviour, physiology, and life history that were so heavily reliant on the ambient environmental temperature. The present work aims to monitor different biochemical and haematological indices of Dabb lizards (Uromastyx aegyptia) at various thermal gradients as well as their adaptation to oxidative stress. This has been reflected through assessment of their impact on some adaptive physiological traits i.e. thermoregulation, and muscle metabolic biomarkers, blood pictures and oxidant/antioxidant status. This experiment is carried out on non-hibernating adult male Dabb lizards (U. aegyptia; n = 24) of age of 18–24 months. These Dabb lizards are divided into four equal groups (n = 6 for each one) where they are exposed to different thermal treatments for one week as following; control group [Exposed to terrarium temperature 38–39 °C], low temperature exposed group [Exposed to 12–14 °C], Gp. C; moderate temperature exposed group [Exposed to 41–43 °C] and high temperature exposed group [Exposed to 43–45 °C]. Each independent group (n = 6) are kept at separated glass terraria. The investigated lizards are monitored for body temperature, morphometric measurements i.e. body weight (g) and total body length (cm; TBL), muscle biochemical analysis, haematological pictures indices and serum biochemical assays including mainly oxidant/antioxidants biomarkers throughout the current experiment. The results state that the thermoregulatory behaviour of Dabb varies with the increase of concentration of muscular metabolic enzymes. In low temperature exposed group, the increase in red blood corpuscles (RBCs), haemoglobin concentrations (Hb), white blood cell (WBC), serum antioxidant biomarkers and anaerobic Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme are associated with a marked reduction in serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), total proteins (TPs), albumin, glucose and electrolytes. In moderate temperature exposed group, a significant elevation in serum values of TC, TGs, TPs, glucose, urea and uric acids levels are mentioned. In high temperature exposed Dabb group, a remarkable increase in blood values of RBCs, Hb, haematocrit value (HCT), WBC, T. chol., TGs, TPs, glucose, urea, uric acids, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels are also observed. Moreover, significant increases in muscular anaerobic/aerobic metabolic enzymes as well as stimulation of antioxidant defence system have been reported. Different significant correlations have been stated between variably estimated laboratory indices in the investigated Dabb lizards under different thermal treatments. The study concludes that the Dabb lizards have a strong antioxidant defence system and undergo physiological thermoregulatory adaptive mechanisms, that involve biochemical and metabolic acclimatization as a response to environmental temperature changes that act as a protective mechanism against oxidative stress as well as maintained homeostatic responses and normal physiological functions.

Abstract Background Despite the great innovations in the neuroendovascular techniques and related materials, there are still notable percentages of recurrent cerebral aneurysms after aneurysm coiling. Aneurysm packing density is well known to affect the initial angiographic result of aneurysm embolization and has a crucial role in the stability of aneurysm obliteration. Although aneurysm coiling is commonly performed under general anesthesia, it could be performed under local anesthesia in certain circumstances. Objective The purpose of this study is to compare the volume embolization ratio (VER) and angiographic results of cerebral aneurysm embolization performed under local and general anesthesia. Materials and methods This is a retrospective cohort analysis of 20 consecutive cases of coiled cerebral aneurysms that were coiled under LA. Further, 15 cerebral aneurysm coil embolization cases have been collected from our data as matched control group. Results Embolization was performed under local anesthesia (Group A) in 20 patients (57.1%) and under general anesthesia (Group B) in 15 patients (42.9%). At the end of the procedure, control angiogram revealed complete obliteration in 13 patients (37.1%), while incomplete obliteration was detected in 22 patients (62.9%). The mean VER 27.9 ± 11.8 without a significant difference between both groups of the study as the VER of Group (A) was 26.05 ± 8.4 and that of Group B was 30.44 ± 15.2. Follow-up angiography at 1 year revealed complete obliteration in 17 (48.6%) of the coiled aneurysms, while incomplete obliteration was detected in 18 patients (51.4%). Conclusions Endovascular coiling of cerebral aneurysms under local anesthesia is a safe and feasible procedure without significant effects on the VER.

The implementation of major projects is complicated by the multiplicity of beneficiaries, owners, and all participants in the project as well as the technical overlap between the various engineering, financial and administrative works, while the specific features of the construction activity have a clear influence in shaping the nature of construction projects because the implementation processes were associated with a deep and long-term intervention in the natural environment, where construction is a burden on the environment, both in the construction phase and during the maintenance and liquidation phases: it requires depreciation of a large number of material resources. Through that, this study focused on clarifying the most important concepts of risk management and modern strategies in risk analysis and how to respond to them and monitor projects. The study then presented a questionnaire for the risks facing major projects in Egypt. Through analyzing the results of the questionnaire, a qualitative risk analysis was conducted that can be used to prioritize response to risks, in addition to conducting a Monte Carlo simulation based on theoretical foundations and providing a new process for prioritizing project risks related to sustainability, where the (Primavera Risk Analysis) program was used to clarify the impact of risks on project time and cost. All analyses are based on the theoretical background regarding risk, risk management process, and project life cycle approach in the sustainable construction sector. with the help of this study, it is possible to address ways of mitigating the harmful effects on the environment through the implementation of sustainable management in the planning of future projects and better management of current projects.