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BackgroundSome disasters, such as earthquake and flood make the majority of affected people homeless. The accommodation of these people in temporary shelters and camps requires some specific ethical issues. The aim of the present study was to discuss ethical issues regarding living in camps following natural disasters.MethodsThis study is conducted utilizinga qualitative content analysis approach. The required data were collected from four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Subsequently, 11 in-depth interviews were completed using the individuals who had the experience of receiving care following natural disasters and continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed using Graham content analysis method.ResultsAccording to the results obtained from affected people's views, the most important ethical issues that are not considered important in temporary shelters and camps include:1) the violation of privacy,2) the shortage of basic needs (e.g., food, water, and sanitation) and type and quality of services rendered,3) lack of attention to cultural and religious views of the affected people, 4) cause of evacuation, 5)lack of co-operation among disaster managers, 6)respecting the properties of the affected people, 7)conditions and geographic location of camps, 8)property care, and 9)community-based care.ConclusionWithout paying attention to ethical issues, living in temporary shelters (i.e., camps) violates the dignity of affected people and then the affected people will not have appropriate cooperation with the managers. All these issues expose them to more harm than before.

Background: Several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy on internalized disorders in children. However, no study has been conducted on the effectiveness of emotion-based parent-child interaction therapy on the symptoms of depression disorder in children. Aims: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of emotion-based parent-child interaction therapy on parents’ reaction to negative emotions in children with depression. Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all boys with depression disorder at the age range of 4 to 5.5 years in Isfahan. Thirty children and parents were selected by purposeful sampling method and were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Preschool Children Emotion Checklist (Lobby et al., 2004) and the Parents' Reaction to Child's Negative Emotions Scale (Mirabel, 2015) were used to collect data. The mentioned therapy was implemented in 14 sessions of 1 hour per week for the subjects in the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance. Results: The results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the children of experimental and control groups in terms of mean scores of depression symptoms in the post-test phase (F = 24.63, P = 0.000 and Eta = 0.607). Analysis of covariance showed that this therapy in the subjects of the experimental group in the post-test phase improved the score of parents’ reaction to children's negative emotions (F = 14.46, P = 0.001 and Eta = 0.637). (P

Aim and Background: Family is the most important and basic foundation for creating a healthy society. If couples have a healthy and good relationship with each other, we will have a healthy family and as a result, a healthy society. Now, if couples have an inappropriate relationship with each other, problems will arise for them. One of the most important issues that, in addition to disrupting the family unit and the couple's relationship, aggravates the injury in the injured person, is post-traumatic stress disorder caused by marital infidelity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy approach on post-traumatic stress disorder caused by marital infidelity. Methods and Materials: The quasi-experimental research method was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all women affected by the phenomenon of infidelity in the winter of 2022. The number of 30 couples who visited the Education Counseling Center of the 2nd District of Tehran and had moderate to high symptoms in the scores of the FOA (2003) Emotional PTSD scale scores were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The subjects in the experimental group participated in a group program of emotional couple therapy for 15 sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Findings: The results of the analysis showed that emotional couple therapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in women affected by marital infidelity and this effect is stable in the follow-up phase. Conclusions: Since emotion-oriented couple therapy regulates a person's emotions and due to the effectiveness of this approach in couples involved in marital infidelity, its use as a therapeutic approach in this type of issues is recommended.

Background. The extrapyramidal system is part of the central nervous system (CNS) involved in motor control. Extrapyramidal symptoms include a variety of acute and chronic movement disorders caused by medications. Currently, antipsychotic medications are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and can cause extrapyramidal symptoms. The St. Hans Rating Scale (SHRS) is a multidimensional scale designed to quantify the severity of dystonia, parkinsonism, akathisia, and dyskinesia caused by antipsychotic drugs. This scale has not yet been translated into Persian so far. Considering the importance of assessing the quality of life in patients with severe or chronic psychiatric disorders, this study aimed to translate the SHRS into Persian and evaluate its validity and reliability. Also, we presented the software version of the SHRS. Methods. This descriptive-analytical (methodological) study was performed on patients with psychiatric disorders treated with antipsychotic medications. After translating the SHRS into Persian, the validity and reliability of the Persian version was evaluated and the necessary corrections were made. Then, the Persian version was back-translated into English, followed by re-translation into Persian. A total of 30 patients were examined for extrapyramidal symptoms using the prepared version. The expert group concluded that there is no need to translate SHRS. Results. Regarding face validity, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.99 and reliability was 0.99. The mean scores by the first psychiatrist were 2.03 in the first visit and 2.1 in the second visit. These scores were 2 in the first visit and 2.03 in the second visit by the second psychiatrist. Conclusion. The software version of SHRS has good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate the extrapyramidal symptoms of patients. Practical Implications. English version of the SHRS and its application for cellphone can be used to assess extrapyramidal symptoms.

Background and aims: Lichen planus (LP) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) are two relatively common mucocutaneous lesions whose clinical and histopathological features overlap in some cases. The present study aimed to distinguish between these two lesions histopathologically in order to treat them more accurately. Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 29 and 48 microscopic slides of skin samples of DLE and LP, respectively, were examined in the pathology archive of Al-Zahra hospital of Isfahan from 2008 to 2018. The slides prepared by hematoxylin-eosin staining were examined simultaneously and blindly by three pathologists with a light microscope and compared according to certain histopathological criteria. Then obtained data were analyzed by SPSS version 24 using chi-square, Fisher’s exact, Mann-Whitney, and t tests (P

Background. Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) is a well-known approach in treatment of Opioid Use Disorders and reduction of harm in these patients. Considering the differences in the pattern of substance use and the instructions for prescribing methadone in our country, this study was performed to evaluate the relationship between methadone dose and positive urinary morphine test in patients receiving MMT. Methods. Clients who were diagnosed as opioid use disorder and has been treated in Razi Hospital in Tabriz were examined. The records of patients receiving MMT were reviewed and their information including demographic information, dose of methadone, number of lapses (based on positive urine morphine tests and the patient's own statements) was evaluated over a 6-month period. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22 and P

As renewable energy is increasingly integrated into our electricity supply, it becomes more challenging to ensure reliability and security due to the intermittent nature of these resources. With the electrification of buildings and technological advancements across various aspects of their operations, the building sector is expected to play a key role in reducing emissions while supporting the needs of the grid. Buildings and the loads they house can provide grid resources via demand flexibility, shifting, and shedding electric load, as necessary. This key resource has received increased attention from researchers, building operators, electric utilities, policymakers, and system operators as a tool to improve power grid reliability and reduce system costs. Before increasing reliance on demand flexibility, however, a better understanding of its availability is needed to inform planning efforts. This paper includes a review of the literature on current methods and data used to model the available flexibility of power delivered to customers. This review also summarizes how demand flexibility is defined and quantified to help inform future studies in this field. The results of this review illustrate the diversity found within this field of research and the innovation that researchers are employing to solve this complex problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Parkinson's Disease (PD) can be associated with balance and gait impairments leading to increased risk of falls. Several studies have reported positive effects of various forms of vestibular stimulation (VS) for improving balance and stability in people with PD (PwP). The purpose of present study was to synthesise the current evidence on the effectiveness of VS, highlighting its potential benefits in improving postural stability and reducing gait impairments in people with Parkinson's Disease. Method: A systematic search was conducted across databases Cochrane, Medline, PEDro, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they involved PwP at stages 3 or 4 of the Hoehn and Yahr scale, aged 60 years or older. The Risk of Bias (RoB) was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines and the protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022283898). Results: demonstrated that various forms of VS have shown promise in mitigating symptoms of vestibular dysfunction and improving gait and balance in PwP. However, the overall RoB ranged from moderate to critical, with variations across different domains. Conclusions: While VS appears to offer potential benefits in improving balance and gait in PwP, the presence of biases in the reviewed studies necessitate caution in interpreting the results. Further research should focus on addressing these biases to confirm the therapeutic potential of VS in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baltimore, Maryland’s entrenched racial residential segregation renders the city’s world-class medical facilities and services inaccessible to many Black residents living in its most divested neighborhoods. Arguing the need for post-pandemic health care facilities to address health inequities as a practice of care-giving, this article describes a project funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to define a novel, transdisciplinary methodology for identifying ideal vacant sites for conversion into community clinics in Baltimore’s most vulnerable neighborhoods. Positioning architecture as a social determinant of health, this paper suggests ethical and methodological reorientations toward a compassionate approach to clinic design and placement.

BackgroundIndustrialization could bring risk of Technological Disaster (TD) such as happened in Chernobyl, Bhopal and Fukushima crisis. Little has been discussed about its related ethical issues. In this study, we aimed to investigate ethical issues have been stated for technological disasters.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on the main international literature databases including Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and ISI (Jan 1, 2000 to Jan 1, 2018). From 64articles were eligible for investigation of ethical issues in Natural disaster, 6 was related to Technological Disaster. The articles were in English language.ResultsOur result show that there are seven articles discussing ethical issues during Technological disaster. All of them are related to nuclear crisis in Fukushima resulting from Japan tsunami 2011. These articles discussed mainly three ethical issues in providing medical care to victims of Technological Disasters as follow: 1- Duty of care 2- Mandatory evacuationand3- Resource Allocation.ConclusionVictim health is the main factor for making decision and implementation of any programs during response to disasters. Mandatory Evacuation for reasons other than providing health to people (such as: maintain public order) and if bring health risk to people will be unjustified. Duty of health workers for providing care is based on General beneficence meanwhile it is necessary to provide facilities to protect them from dangers that treat them in the field. For act ethically, Health workers must have adequate preparedness for response to T-D meanwhile it is necessary to provide guidelines for individuals that participation in relief operation. It is necessary to discuss more about Technological Disaster Ethics especially in industrial countries and where there is especial industrial with potential of huge crises.

Employee job satisfaction is one of the most important issues in any organization. Job satisfaction is described as general attitude of a person towards his job. Job satisfaction of medical assistants increases and promotes the quality of medical services and improves patients' satisfaction with medical services. The aim of this study was to determine the level of job satisfaction and hopelessness of medical assistants in educational centers of Tabriz. In this descriptive-analytical study, medical assistants of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were selected and assessed using the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) for Job Satisfaction and Beck Hopelessness Scale. Hopelessness decreases with increasing job satisfaction (P

Objective The purpose of study was the effect of 8 weeks training shallow water on static balance of military with knee injuries. Methods Subjects of this research there were the Number of person 46 military in north khorasan province, They participated in this study purposefully and voluntarily. Subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups of 23 people (Mean±SD, age (y) 33.65±6.62, height (cm) 183±6.95, weight (kg) 76.75±2.80) and a control group of 23 people (Mean±SD, age (y) 34.45±6.97, height (cm) 181±7.41, weight (kg) 71.66±3.20). To measure static balance were used the stork test. Were used For analyze the results of descriptive statistics (Mean±SD) and were used Inferential statistics method (Shapiro–Wilk test, dependent t and independent t). Results The test results showed there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test in the experimental group (P=0.001). So that was not observed significant difference between pre-test and post-test in balance (P=0.393), Also, a significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups (P=‌0.001). Conclusion Based on research results, it can be concluded that shallow water training is significant on the static balance of soldiers with knee injuries and this can indicate the greater effectiveness of exercises in shallow water so practice in the water it can be recommended as a way to improve static balance in people with knee injuries.

Background: Anxiety is considered a common problem in women with breast cancer, and non-pharmacological interventions, such as reflexology, can contribute towards controlling.Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of foot reflexology on anxiety in women with breast cancer.Method: In this randomized-controlled clinical trial, 66 women with breast cancer referred to Ayatullah Khansari Hospital, Arak, Iran, were selected based on the inclusion criteria by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into intervention and control groups using a randomized block allocation method. In the intervention group, reflexology was then conducted by a trained nurse in the oncology department in a two-point morning and afternoon session for 40 min on the thumb and solar plexus of the feet. However, the control group did not receive any intervention and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was completed again by the patients.Results: The mean anxiety scores before reflexology were 48.27±4.95 and 49.72±4.18 in the intervention and control groups, respectively (P=0.202). Furthermore, the mean anxiety scores in the intervention and control group after reflexology were obtained at 47.03±4.14 and 49.71±4.28, respectively.Implications for Practice: As reflexology did not affect the anxiety of women with breast cancer, this method can be combined with other non-pharmacological interventions to control anxiety in women with this complication; however, it should not be utilized alone in the clinic to manage anxiety. Further studies are recommended to be conducted with larger sample sizes and extended periods on anxiety and mental health disorders in these women.

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common causes of poor performance in girls and women. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of group resilience counseling on PMS severity in adolescent girls. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 120 high school girls in Hamadan, Iran. Participants were recruited conveniently and randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 60) and a control group (n = 60). The intervention group participated in eight 1-h resilience counseling sessions, whereas the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics form, the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The primary and secondary outcome measures were PMS severity and resilience score. The independent samples and paired samples t-tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Most of the participants in the intervention and control groups had severe PMS symptoms at baseline (61.7% and 63.3%, respectively). However, after the intervention, the majority of the intervention group reported mild (36.7%) or moderate (46.4%) symptoms (P < 0.001). No significant changes occurred in the control group. The mean total resilience score in the intervention group increased from 50.5 ± 14.9 to 67.3 ± 15.2 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Resilience counseling for girls with PMS can reduce the severity of PMS.

Boron (B) is considered as an important impurity in semiconductor physics and optoelectronic devices, especially to produce p-type silicon (p-Si). In this paper, we investigate the effect of Boron doping on the structural, electrical, optical, and photo-sensitivity properties of tin oxide (SnO2) semiconductor thin films. Boron doped tin oxide (SnO2: B) thin films were deposited on glass substrates at Ts=500 ͦ C for different atomic concentration of x=[B/Sn] = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.50 by spray pyrolysis technique.The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis show the tetragonal rutile SnO2 structure with orientation along the (211) plane. The films have polycrystalline structure with granular and island-like grains morphology by Field-Emission Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). The SnO2:B films have shown n-type conductivity and decreasing - increasing behavior of electrical resistivity with B-doping for x ≤ 0.04 and x> 0.04, respectively. Also, carrier concentrations were obtained in the order of 1018-1020 cm-3. Average optical transmittance of SnO2:B thin films changed in the range of 65% to 87% in the visible region and SnO2:B (x=0.08) sample has highest transmittance. The optical gap of films was obtained in the range of 3.47-3.87 eV. From the photoconductive results, the x=0.50 film has exhibited the most optical sensitivity under light radiation.

Academic buoyancy is one of the positive constructs of psychology that researchers in education have considered. Therefore, this study aimed to design a model of academic buoyancy based on meaning mediated by happiness in female high school students in Hamadan. The research method was correlational and structural equations. The statistical sample included 370 female high school students in Hamadan that was selected based on stratified random sampling. Academic Buoyancy Scale, the Meaning of Life Questionnaire, and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were used to collect data. A structural equation model was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the meaning of life has a direct and positive effect on academic buoyancy and happiness. Happiness also directly and significantly affects academic buoyancy. Happiness also has a significant mediating role in the relationship between the meaning of life and academic buoyancy. Since the meaning of life plays a role in creating motivation, it causes more effort, achieving desired goals, and a sense of happiness. Happiness causes a positive feeling and vitality in the educational environment, followed by an increase in academic buoyancy.

Objective: Specific learning disorder is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder, in which children with disabilities have difficulty understanding, or using spoken and written language. The disorder diagnoses when children have significant reading, writing, and math skills lower than expected. One of the characteristics of children with a learning disorder is the presence of anxiety symptoms, which are often chronic, and failure to address them can negatively affect the child's growth and academic performance. Assertiveness training is a structured intervention that uses to reduce the symptoms of anxiety. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of assertiveness training on anxiety symptoms of male school-age children with special learning disorders in Tehran City, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental research in which a pre-test in addition post-test design with a control group used along with a five weeks follow-up. The population included 8-11 year-old male children who were studying in the Learning Disorders Centers in Tehran City in the school year 2019-2020. The sample consisted of 130 male school-age children who were in convenient selected from the five educational districts (2, 13, 12, 18, and 15). At first, the Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM) assessed all subjects and 72 children who got a normal intelligence quotient (≥85) completed the Child Spence Anxiety Scale (SCAS-C). The studied sample was selected according to the formula for the determining the sample size and the probability of its drop-out (34 people). After scoring the SCAS-C, 45 children received a moderate anxiety (44-88 points). Thirty-four students (19, 10, and 5, respectively with dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia) were randomly selected among them and matched based on their age, school grade and socio-economic status. They randomly assigned to the experimental and control group with mean and standard deviation of age 10.45±2.25 and 8.87±1.89 respectively. The experimental group divided into three subgroups (six people in two groups and five people in one) due to the efficacy of training in small groups and participated in 10 assertiveness training sessions (twice a week and 90 minutes for per session) while the control group received only the mainstream programs in the Learning Disorder Center. All subjects assessed by the SCAS-C at the end of the training sessions and five weeks follow-up. The obtained data from pre-test and post-test situations analyzed by using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. In addition, the data were analysed by the analysis of variance with repeated measure to determine the stability of the assertiveness training after the five weeks follow-up Results: The results of univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of anxiety symptoms and its components in the experimental and control groups before and after the assertiveness training sessions (p

In this research, silica (SiO2) and SiO2@Ag core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method in the presence of ammonia as a reducing agent. First, the effect of different concentrations of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor on the structural and optical properties of silica nanoparticles (SiO2) was investigated. Then, using this optimized concentration of TEOS, silica nanoparticles with silver shell were prepared by two methods: (a) in the absence and (b) in presence of APTES (3-Aminopropyl­triethoxysilane). The properties of SiO2@Ag core-shell nanoparticles prepared by two methods were compared and the best method was determined. For the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles, silver nitrate (AgNO3) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as reducing agents were used. To functionalize the surface of silica nanoparticles, 3-Aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) was added to the AgNO3 solution with polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) as a dispersant. The structural properties of silica and silica-silver core-shell nanoparticles were investigated by XRD and TEM. The average size of a silver single crystal in the core shells prepared by the two methods is about 25 nm and 14 nm, respectively. The optical absorption and bandgap were calculated for silica and SiO2@Ag core-shell nanoparticles. The results indicated that with increasing the concentration of TEOS precursor, the optical absorption of silica nanoparticles increased and their optical band gap reduced from 4.22 eV to 3.55 eV.