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Dear PaulWhen you asked me about the international dimension of editing practices, I remembered the screening of a theatre performance I attended recently in Indonesia. The performance had certainl...

Resumen Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de las demencias en mayores de 65 anos y su relacion con la edad y el sexo. Material y metodos Se revisaron las historias clinicas de todos los pacientes mayores de 65 anos. Se registraron los que tenian consignado el diagnostico de demencia de cualquier tipo. Fue un estudio descriptivo de prevalencia en la poblacion de la localidad de Trobajo del Camino (Centro de Salud Trobajo-Valverde), perteneciente al municipio de San Andres del Rabanedo, en la provincia de Leon. El estudio incluyo a 9.603 habitantes, de los que 1.542 tenian al menos 65 anos de edad y constituyeron la muestra de este estudio. Esta muestra (869 mujeres y 673 hombres) supone el 16,1% del total de la poblacion estudiada. Resultados La prevalencia de la demencia en mayores de 65 anos fue de 4,9%, con una relacion directamente proporcional con la edad. La enfermedad fue mas prevalente en el sexo femenino (5,6%). El tipo mas frecuente fue la enfermedad de Alzheimer (2,6%), y la menos frecuente fue la paralisis supranuclear progresiva (0,1%). Conclusiones La prevalencia de demencias en fue de alrededor de 5% de la poblacion mayor de 65 anos. Se obtuvo una relacion directamente proporcional con la edad. La enfermedad fue mas prevalente en el sexo femenino.

The essay/ontology workflow aims to combine formal and interpretive methods. Writing essays and developing ontologies can be considered as complementary approaches that feed into an iterative process. The article uses examples from a research project on Javanese theatre, but aims to offer reflections of general interest to researchers working in the Digital Humanities (DH). The conclusion argues that DH projects which combine formal and interpretive methods should not aim to minimize the differences between these approaches. Rather, research outputs should allow users to examine the contrasts and interactions between different modes of knowledge production.

Este texto es una síntesis de la experiencia zapatista. Uno de sus últimos comunicados: “Que etiemble en sus centros la tierra” nos sorprende de nuevo con su creatividad, audacia y coherencia. Su Mandar Obedeciendo (el pueblo) pronto sorprenderá de nuevo al mundo ante “la agudización del despojo y la represión que no han parado en 524 años em que los poderosos iniciaron una guerra que tiene como fin exterminar a los que de la tierra somos y que como sus hijos no hemos permitido su destrucción y muerte para beneficiar a la ambición capitalista que no conoce fin, más que la destrucción misma”. Aquí presentamos lo que seguimos aprendiendo de las comunidades zapatistas y la fomra como logramos traer su palabra como acción transformadora al aula.

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This article studies the refutation of evagrian origenism that made Maximos the Confessor in the Ambiguum 7, where this critic is developed with more clarity. Maximos reverses the origenist triad formed by the concepts ‘rest’, ‘motion’ and ‘creation’, maintaining that the souls do not preexist the creation, but it was the God’s will of each being that preexist before the creation, and that the soul and the body were created at the same time in the beginning.

Cuando me despedi de Paulo Freire en Ginebra (Suiza) en 1978, un sueno llego conmigo a Mexico: reinventar a Freire y no solamente repetirlo. Comence ese mismo ano a trabajar en la Facultad de Filosofia y Letras, ff y l , unam . En 1994 me encontre frente al grito de lucha de las comunidades zapatistas, iYa Basta! que le daba vida revolucionaria al pensamiento freiriano. Ese iYa Basta! me desafio a ir a la praxis desde la practica y no solo desde la teoria, lo que permitio definir mejor el proyecto de investigacion – La lectura de la realidad en el aula. Pensar la practica para transformarla . El escrito que aqui se presenta es la sintesis de un caminar, entre profesor y estudiantes, pensando la practica para transformarla. Proceso que gesto una metodologia, mrc y t , la cual ha permitido que quienes participan en el proceso educativo emerjan como sujetos capaces de pronunciar su mundo.

Es importante mantener la integridad de la dentición primaria hasta el momento de su exfoliación, puesto que juega un papel esencial en el desarrollo del niño y puede verse afectada por factores entre los cuales el más frecuente es la caries dental, pudiendo conducir a alteraciones en el desarrollo fisiológico, psicológico y social del niño. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el tratamiento de rehabilitación oral y el seguimiento realizado, a un paciente niño de 8 años y 5 meses de edad, con perdida prematura de múltiples piezas dentarias primarias por caries. Se realizaron exodoncias, restauraciones, y el mantenedor removible. Las acciones realizadas para la confección de este último fueron: preparación del terreno en la cavidad oral, toma de impresión y obtención de modelos, diseño de las placas superior e inferior, envío al laboratorio; primera prueba: placa base y rodetes de cera, para determinar la dimensión vertical; segunda prueba: enfilado, finalmente prueba del mantenedor. Se obtuvo, el restablecimiento de las funciones dentales, con un cambio evidente en la personalidad del paciente.

The digital humanities have been very successful in proposing quantitative methods for the analysis of textual data. However, similar methods are not widespread for the study of artistic expressions that rely on motion (such as theatre). In order to develop a more robust, quantitative approach to the study of motion in theatre performances, we use video processing techniques to analyze a puppet theatre recording from Indonesia. By calculating the average speed of the different scenes, we found that there is a strong correspondence between the narrative structure and the speed of the puppets. We hope this work contributes to a development of quantitative analysis methods for the study of theatre and that it also impacts the way in which theatre documentation projects are carried out in the future.

Javanese Wayang Kulit shadow puppetry is one of Asia's oldest performance traditions. This article characterizes wayang as a memory theatre and pays particular attention to contemporary versions of this theatre form. New developments in wayang, carried out by artists such as Fauzan Zan, Tavip Lampung and Erandaru, integrate the usage of video cameras, infrared technologies and cinematic conventions. In order to analyze what the inclusion of these media and conventions means for Wayang as a memory theatre, these performances are analyzed from the point of view of intermediality. Two concepts are used in order to make sense of these performances in relation to tradition and memory: intermedial tradeoffs and lingering aesthetic mechanisms.

Resumen Objetivo Conocer la satisfaccion del paciente con la visita prequirurgica, explorar los contenidos especificos de las intervenciones realizadas y analizar su efectividad en los resultados postoperatorios. Metodo Estudio casi experimental realizado en el Hospital Universitario de San Cecilio de Granada en pacientes mayores de 18 anos a los que se realizo la visita estructurada preoperatoria de enfermeria entre enero y junio de 2008. Resultados Participaron 580 pacientes: 41,4% hombres y 58,6% mujeres de edad media 56 anos, teniendo un 76% experiencias quirurgicas previas. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que la intervencion enfermera realizada en el paciente quirurgico tiene resultados positivos sobre el nivel de ansiedad, el autocontrol de miedo y ansiedad, los conocimientos de cuidados de enfermedad, el nivel de comodidad y en nivel de dolor. No se reflejan diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres. Se evidencia asi mismo un alto grado de satisfaccion del paciente. Conclusiones Esta intervencion enfermera no solo nos permite dar una informacion personalizada y adecuada al paciente quirurgico sino que mejora la satisfaccion de estos pacientes teniendo efectos positivos en el postoperatorio.

Background and aims Two closely related, wild tomato-like nightshade species, Solanum lycopersicoides and Solanum sitiens, inhabit a small area within the Atacama Desert region of Peru and Chile. Each species possesses unique traits, including abiotic and biotic stress tolerances, and can be hybridized with cultivated tomato. Conservation and utilization of these tomato relatives would benefit from an understanding of genetic diversity and relationships within and between populations. Methods Levels of genetic diversity and population genetic structure were investigated by genotyping representative accessions of each species with a set of simple sequence repeat (SSR) and allozyme markers. Key results As expected for self-incompatible species, populations of S. lycopersicoides and S. sitiens were relatively diverse, but contained less diversity than the wild tomato Solanum chilense, a related allogamous species native to this region. Populations of S. lycopersicoides were slightly more diverse than populations of S. sitiens according to SSRs, but the opposite trend was found with allozymes. A higher coefficient of inbreeding was noted in S. sitiens. A pattern of isolation by distance was evident in both species, consistent with the highly fragmented nature of the populations in situ. The populations of each taxon showed strong geographical structure, with evidence for three major groups, corresponding to the northern, central and southern elements of their respective distributions. Conclusions This information should be useful for optimizing regeneration strategies, for sampling of the populations for genes of interest, and for guiding future in situ conservation efforts.

O texto organizado a partir de uma conferência apresenta a obra de Paulo Freires tendo como referencia as cinco pedagogias, traduzindo-se em cinco movimentos da história das idéias pedagógicas com os quais se constrói o vigor do pensamento de Freire. Escrito a partir de um olhar dialógico e da vivência do autor com o pensador brasileiro em vários espaços de ação e reflexão. Expõe a influencia que o pensamento de Freire exerceu no fazer pedagógico da América Latina.

In mammals and seed plants, a subset of genes is regulated by genomic imprinting where an allele's activity depends on its parental origin. The parental conflict theory suggests that genomic imprinting evolved after the emergence of an embryo-nourishing tissue (placenta and endosperm), resulting in an intragenomic parental conflict over the allocation of nutrients from mother to offspring. It was predicted that imprinted genes, which arose through antagonistic co-evolution driven by a parental conflict, should be subject to positive darwinian selection. Here we show that the imprinted plant gene MEDEA (MEA), which is essential for seed development, originated during a whole-genome duplication 35 to 85 million years ago. After duplication, MEA underwent positive darwinian selection consistent with neo-functionalization and the parental conflict theory. MEA continues to evolve rapidly in the out-crossing species Arabidopsis lyrata but not in the self-fertilizing species Arabidopsis thaliana, where parental conflicts are reduced. The paralogue of MEA, SWINGER (SWN; also called EZA1), is not imprinted and evolved under strong purifying selection because it probably retained the ancestral function of the common precursor gene. The evolution of MEA suggests a late origin of genomic imprinting within the Brassicaceae, whereas imprinting is thought to have originated early within the mammalian lineage.

Introduccion y objetivos Las funciones de Framingham-REGICOR y SCORE son funciones recomendadas en la estratificacion del riesgo cardiovascular en nuestro pais. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la concordancia de estas tablas en la estratificacion del riesgo en la poblacion no diabetica de 40-65 anos y estimar el porcentaje de pacientes candidatos a recibir tratamiento hipolipemiante e hipotensor. Metodos Se incluyo a un total de 608 pacientes no diabeticos de 40-65 anos de edad (media, 52,8 anos; 56,7%, mujeres) sin evidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular, atendidos en el centro de salud durante los anos 1990-1994. El riesgo cardiovascular a los 10 anos se calculo mediante la ecuacion de REGICOR y SCORE. Se considero pacientes de riesgo alto a los que tenian un riesgo ≥ 10% en REGICOR y ≥ 5% en SCORE. Resultados Un 7,9% de la poblacion fue catalogada de riesgo alto en REGICOR y un 9,2% en SCORE (p = 0,41). Solamente el 2,6 y el 2,9% de las mujeres (p = 0,81) se incluyeron en la categoria de riesgo alto, frente al 14,8 y 17,5% de los varones (p = 0,40) en REGICOR y SCORE, respectivamente. El coeficiente kappa fue 0,45. El seguimiento de las recomendaciones de las Sociedades Europeas implicaria que el 23,8% de los pacientes, segun SCORE, y el 23,0%, segun REGICOR (p = 0,73), serian candidatos a recibir tratamiento hipolipidemiante, y el 31,2 y el 31,7% (p = 0,85), a recibir farmacos antihipertensivos. Conclusiones Las tablas REGICOR y SCORE presentan una concordancia moderada en la poblacion no diabetica de 40-65 anos de edad. Su aplicacion identifica a un porcentaje similar de pacientes candidatos a recibir tratamiento hipolipemiante o antihipertensivo.

In this work, we introduce a hybrid metaheuristic approach for the 3L-CVRP. The proposed approach uses an initial solution obtained by a modified Clark & Wright algorithm considering the packing constraints by a GRASP scheme. Then, a Granular Tabu Search (GTS) algorithm is employed to improve the initial solution, meanwhile the GRASP approach validates the packing constraints during the search process. The proposed algorithm has been compared with the most effective algorithms proposed for the 3L-CVRP. Computational results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

This paper presents a hybrid algorithm for solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with practical three-dimensional loading constraint. This problem is known as 3L-CVRP (Three-dimensional Loading Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem). The proposed methodology consists of two phases. The first phase uses an optimization procedure based on cuts to obtain solutions for the well-known Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). The second phase validates the results of the first phase of a GRASP algorithm (Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure). In particular, the GRASP approach evaluates the packing constraints for each performed route of the CVRP. The proposed hybrid algorithm uses a relaxation of the classical model of two sub-indices for the vehicle routing problem. Specifically different types of cuts are added: subtour elimination, capacity-cut constraints, and packing-cut constrains. The proposed algorithm is compared with the most efficient approaches for the 3L-CVRP on the set of benchmark instances considered in the literature. The computational results indicate that the proposed approach is able to obtain good solutions, improving some of the best-known solutions from the literature.

La bioprospección de agentes de control biológico es una actividad primaria en la búsqueda de alternativas para el manejo de plagas y enfermedades; las reservas naturales dentro de plantaciones de café por las caracterí­sticas de biodiversidad son aptas para albergar diversidad microbiana y entre ellos agentes biocontroladores. El estudio se realizó en 10 fincas con reservas naturales con café, cinco en el departamento de Guatemala, cuatro en Sacatepéquez y una en Chimaltenango, los muestreos se realizaron en época seca y lluviosa; se obtuvo, documentó y determinaron en laboratorio los agentes hiperparásitos: Cladosporium hemileiae Steyaert, y Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmerm.) Zare & W. Gams y además un insecto micófago Mycodiplosis sp. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Se evaluaron las cepas de los hongos hiperparásitos con el í­ndice de velocidad de crecimiento micelial (IVCM) y producción de conidiosporas. Se estableció que las mejores cepas de C. hemileiae fueron: Morán época seca parte baja, San Sebastián época seca y Guardabarranca parte alta; para L. lecanii fueron: San Sebastián época seca y Corral Viejo estación lluviosa parte baja.

Objective To compare maternal serum leptin concentration in women with pre-eclampsia and women with normal pregnancy, and to evaluate the relationships between leptin and several inflammatory cytokines. Design Prospective clinical study. Setting University Hospital of Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain. Sample Twenty-seven women with pre-eclampsia and 25 normotensive pregnant women. Methods Maternal serum levels of TNF-α, TGF-β1, interleukin 6, and leptin were measured using a commercially available immunoassay. Main outcome measures Maternal serum levels of leptin and its relationship to levels of TNF-α, TGF-β1 and interleukin 6. Results Maternal serum leptin levels were higher in women with pre-eclampsia, but this difference was of borderline statistical significance (median 15.9ng/mL; interquartile range (5.4–31.9) vs 30.5ng/mL (13.9–64) (P=0.05). The concentration of maternal serum leptin was correlated with pre-gestational and gestational body mass index (r=0.45, P=0.03; r=0.44, P=0.04), TNF-α concentration (r=0.57, P=0.002) and interleukin-6 level (r=0.46, P=0.02) in women with normal pregnancy. In women with pre-eclampsia, only a significant correlation between maternal serum leptin level and TNF-α concentration (0.47, P=0.01) was found. Conclusions The level of maternal serum leptin is increased and correlates positively with the level of TNF-α in women with pre-eclampsia. In women with a normal pregnancy leptin levels not only correlate with TNF-α, but also with IL-6 and body mass index.

"Cuando me despedí de Paulo Freire en Ginebra (Suiza) en 1978 , un sue - ño llegó conmigo a México: reinventar a Freire y no solamente repetirlo. Comencé ese mismo año a trabajar en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, FF y L, Unam. En 1994 me encontré frente al grito de lucha de las comunidades zapatistas “¡Ya Basta!” que le daba vida revolucionaria al pensamiento freiriano. Ese “¡Ya Basta!” me desafió a ir a la praxis desde la práctica y no sólo desde la teoría, lo que permitió definir mejor el proyecto de investigación – La lectura de la realidad en el aula. Pensar la práctica para transformarla . El escrito que aquí se presenta es la síntesis de un caminar, entre profesor y estudiantes, pensando la práctica para transformarla. Proceso que gestó una metodología, MRC y T , la cual ha permitido que quienes participan en el proceso educativo emerjan como sujetos capaces de “pronunciar” su mundo."

Los ensayos de toxicidad son pruebas diseñadas para evaluar la potencia relativa de un agente o una sustancia contaminante sobre una o más especies de organismos de los sistemas biológicos acuáticos y terrestres, al tiempo que permiten caracterizar la relación concentración-respuesta entre el agente contaminante y el organismo sometido a prueba. La toxicidad de una sustancia es la propiedad que tiene de causar daños a la salud humana o la muerte de un organismo vivo, mediante la comparación de efecto del agente con el de una solución patrón o estándar. Los resultados de las pruebas de toxicidad en sistemas acuáticos constituyen un criterio importante para determinar el efecto y el riesgo de la descarga de sustancias contaminantes sobre los ecosistemas acuáticos, así como para establecer valores límites permisibles para el control de sustancias tóxicas que son incorporadas a los ecosistemas acuáticos. Con la auge de la ecotoxicología ciencia que predice de los agentes potencialmente tóxicos en los ecosistemas naturales (Hoffman, 1995) se ha reforzado la idea de realizar monitoreos y pruebas de toxicidad para la detección, predicción y control de los efectos de diferentes tipos de sustancias sobre los ecosistemas, en particular, el acuático.

Introduction and objectives. In Spain, use of the Framingham-REGICOR (Registre Gironi del Cor) and SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) risk charts is recommended for stratifying cardiovascular disease risk. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the degree of agreement between these charts when used to evaluate cardiovascular disease risk in nondiabetic individuals aged 40-65 years and to estimate the percentage of patients recommended for hypolipidemic or antihypertensive treatment. Methods. The study included 608 nondiabetic patients aged between 40-65 years (mean, 52.8 years, 56.7% female) with no evidence of cardiovascular disease who were attending a primary healthcare center between 1990-1994. REGICOR and SCORE risk functions were used to calculate 10-year cardiovascular disease risks. Patients were classified as high-risk if their risk was ≥10% with REGICOR or ≥5% with SCORE. Results. Some 7.9% of the population was classified as high-risk with REGICOR and 9.2%, with SCORE (P=.41). Only 2.6% and 2.9% (P=.81) of women were classified as high-risk, compared with 14.8% and 17.5% of men, with REGICOR and SCORE, respectively (P=.40). The kappa coefficient was 0.45. According to European professional society guidelines, 23.8% of patients classified by SCORE and 23.0% classified by REGICOR (P=.73) would be recommended hypolipidemic treatment, while 31.2% and 31.7% (P=.85), respectively, would be recommended antihypertensive treatment. Conclusions. There was moderately good agreement between REGICOR and SCORE charts when used to evaluate nondiabetic individuals aged 40-65 years. They identified similar percentages of patients who would be recommended for hypolipidemic or antihypertensive treatment.

O texto organizado a partir de uma conferência apresenta a obra de Paulo Freires tendo como referencia as cinco pedagogias, traduzindose em cinco movimentos da história das idéias pedagógicas com os quais se constrói o vigor do pensamento de Freire. Escrito a partir de um olhar dialógico e da vivência do autor com o pensador brasileiro em vários espaços de ação e reflexão. Expõe a influencia que o pensamento de Freire exerceu no fazer pedagógico da América Latina.

The strongest risk factor identified for inhibitor development in people with severe hemophilia A is the type of factor VIII gene mutation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mutation type dependent concordance rate of inhibitor formation in siblings.The gene defect, treatment and inhibitor history were evaluated in 113 families in which two or more siblings had severe hemophilia A.Seventy-nine of the families (69.9%) were concordant in that either all or none of the siblings had a history of inhibitors. The concordance in 59 families with inhibitors was 42.4%. The corresponding figures for the 74 families with intron 22 inversion were 63.5% and 40.0%, respectively, and the overall concordance within 14 families with nonsense mutations was 78.6%. The siblings in two families with large gene deletions had no inhibitor history. A small proportion of the families with missense mutations, small deletions/insertions and splice site mutations developed inhibitors, but in four of the families two or more siblings developed high-responding inhibitors. In 18 of the 25 concordant families (72.0%) with inhibitors, the inhibitor was also of the same type (high-responding).This is the first study of the association between inhibitor formation and the causative factor VIII gene mutation in siblings. The data show that the type of mutation provides, to some extent, the basis for this relationship, but the mutation itself is not enough to predict the risk for therapy-induced inhibitor formation.

Objective To study the relationships between maternal serum concentrations of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in both normal pregnant women during late pregnancy and women with pregnancy complications. Methods Sixty-six women in three groups were prospectively studied: 1) women diagnosed with fetal growth restriction (n = 22), 2) women with preeclampsia (n = 22), and 3) healthy pregnant women (controls) frequency matched for age, parity, and gestational age (n = 22). Primary outcomes were maternal serum concentrations of both β-hCG and VEGF. Placental insufficiency was defined by a pulsatility index in umbilical artery greater than the 99th percentile for gestation. Results Maternal serum concentrations of β-hCG and VEGF were greater in women with preeclampsia than in controls (P = .001 and P = .002, respectively) and women with fetal growth restriction (P = .002 and P = .002, respectively). Concentrations did not differ between women with fetal growth restricted fetuses and controls. Correlation between β-hCG and VEGF was not significant in any of the studied groups. Serum VEGF concentrations were significantly increased in a subgroup of 12 women with placental insufficiency (P = .04) and correlated with β-hCG concentrations (r = .63, P = .02). Conclusion Both VEGF and β-hCG maternal serum concentrations were increased in women with preeclampsia but normal in women with fetal growth restriction, although VEGF concentrations were increased in those cases with placental insufficiency. Maternal serum β-hCG and VEGF concentrations did not correlate except in women with placental insufficiency.