128 results on '"Metz, Markus"'
Search Results
102. Facile Synthesis of α-Hydroxy Amides and Esters by Direct Autoxidation of Their Titanium Enolates
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Adam, Waldemar, primary, Metz, Markus, additional, Prechtl, Frank, additional, and Renz, Michael, additional
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- 1994
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103. Implications of PromiscuousPim-1 Kinase FragmentInhibitor Hydrophobic Interactions for Fragment-Based Drug Design.
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Good, Andrew C., Liu, Jinyu, Hirth, Bradford, Asmussen, Gary, Xiang, Yibin, Biemann, Hans-Peter, Bishop, Kimberly A., Fremgen, Trisha, Fitzgerald, Maria, Gladysheva, Tatiana, Jain, Annuradha, Jancsics, Katherine, Metz, Markus, Papoulis, Andrew, Skerlj, Renato, Stepp, J. David, and Wei, Ronnie R.
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- 2012
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104. Complex vocal imitation during ontogeny in a bat.
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Knörnschild, Mirjam, Nagy, Martina, Metz, Markus, Mayer, Frieder, and Helversen, Otto von
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BATS ,ANIMAL young ,BAT sounds ,ANIMAL sound production ,MIMICRY (Biology) ,ONTOGENY - Abstract
The article discusses research on the vocal imitation of greater sac-winged bat pups throughout ontogeny. The researchers have found that a complex vocalization is learned by the bat pups through vocal imitation. It is noted that a territorial song from adult males is imitated by pups of both sexes during ontogeny. The results of the study indicate that the faculty of vocal imitation is more widespread.
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- 2010
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105. A Quantitative Description of the Ground-State Wave Function of Cu[sub A] by X-ray Absorption....
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George, Serena Debeer, Metz, Markus, Szilagyi, Robert K., Hongxin Wang, Cramer, Stephen P., Yi Lu, Tolman, William B., Hedman, Britt, Hodgson, Keith O., and Solomon, Edward I.
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COPPER analysis , *WAVE functions , *ELECTRONIC structure - Abstract
Focuses on Cu[sub A] center of an engineered Cu[sub A] azurin construct shown through detailed spectroscopic studies and X-ray callistography. Nature of the ground-state wave function; Comparison of Cu[sub A] to plastocyanin.
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- 2001
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106. The First Grubbs-Type Metathesis Catalyst with cis Stereochemistry: Synthesis of [( η2-dtbpm)Cl2Ru=CH−CHCMe2] from a Novel, Coordinatively Unsaturated Dinuclear Ruthenium Dihydride.
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Hansen, Sven Michael, Rominger, Frank, Metz, Markus, and Hofmann, Peter
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- 1999
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107. The First Grubbs‐Type Metathesis Catalyst with cisStereochemistry: Synthesis of [(η2‐dtbpm)Cl2Ru=CH−CHCMe2] from a Novel, Coordinatively Unsaturated Dinuclear Ruthenium Dihydride
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Hansen, Sven Michael, Rominger, Frank, Metz, Markus, and Hofmann, Peter
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Atransconfiguration and phosphane dissociationare not necessarily prerequisites for catalytic activity in Grubbs‐type ruthenium carbene complexes [(PR3)2Cl2RuCR1R2]. This is shown by the fact that the complex [(η2‐dtbpm)Cl2Ru=CH−CHCMe2] (1), in which the chelate ligand tBu2PCH2PtBu2(dtbpm) enforces a cisgeometry and disfavors phosphane dissociation, is an active catalyst for the ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene [Eq. (a)] and cyclopentene.
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- 1999
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108. Marschhalt auf dem Wege zu einer neuen Bundesverfassung
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Metz, Markus
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- 1980
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109. Megahertz serial crystallography
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Wiedorn, Max Oliver, Oberth��r, Dominik, Bean, Richard, Schubert, Robin, Werner, Nadine, Abbey, Brian, Aepfelbacher, Martin, Adriano, Luigi, Allahgholi, Aschkan, Al-Qudami, Nasser, Andreasson, Jakob, Horke, Daniel A., Hunter, Mark S., Imlau, Siegfried, Kaukher, Alexander, Kim, Yoonhee, Klyuev, Alexander, Kno��ka, Juraj, Kobe, Bostjan, Kuhn, Manuela, Kupitz, Christopher, M��hlig, Kerstin, K��pper, Jochen, Lahey-Rudolph, Janine Mia, Laurus, Torsten, Le Cong, Karoline, Letrun, Romain, Xavier, Paulrajpillai Lourdu, Maia, Luis, Maia, Filipe R. N. C., Mariani, Valerio, Messerschmidt, Marc, Munke, Anna, Metz, Markus, Mezza, Davide, Michelat, Thomas, Mills, Grant, Monteiro, Diana C.F., Morgan, Andrew J., M��nnich, Astrid, Nette, Julia, Nugent, Keith A., Nuguid, Theresa, Orville, Allen M., Pandey, Suraj, Pena, Gisel, Villanueva-Perez, Pablo, Shelby, Megan L., P��hlsen, Jennifer, Previtali, Gianpietro, Redecke, Lars, Riekehr, Winnie Maria, Rohde, Holger, Round, Adam R., Safenreiter, Tatiana, Sarrou, Iosifina, Sato, Tokushi, Schmidt, Marius, Shoemann, Robert L., Schmitt, Bernd, Sch��nherr, Robert, Schulz, Joachim, Sellberg, Jonas Alexander, Seibert, M. Marvin, Seuring, Carolin, Sikorski, Marcin, Silenzi, Alessandro, Stan, Claudiu A., Shi, Xintian, Stern, Stephan, Sztuk-Dambietz, Jolanta, Szuba, Janusz, Tolstikova, Aleksandra, Aplin, Steven, Trebbin, Martin, Trunk, Ulrich, Vagovic, Patrik, Ve, Thomas, Weinhausen, Britta, White, Thomas A., Wrona, Krzysztof, Xu, Chen, Yefanov, Oleksandr, Zatsepin, Nadia, Awel, Salah, Zhang, Jiaguo, Perbandt, Markus, Mancuso, Adrian P., Betzel, Christian, Chapman, Henry N., Banty, Anton, Ayyer, Kartik, Bajt, Sa��a, Bar��k, Imrich, Bari, Sadia, Bielecki, Johan, Botha, Sabine, Boukhelef, Djelloul, Brehm, Wolfgang, Brockhauser, Sandor, Cheviakov, Igor, Coleman, Matthew A., Cruz-Mazo, Francisco, Danilevski, Cyril, Darmanin, Connie, Doak, R. Bruce, Domaracky, Martin, D��rner, Katerina Henrike, Du, Yang, Fangohr, Hans, Fleckenstein, Holger, Frank, Matthias, Fromme, Petra, Ga����n-Calvo, Alfonso M., Gevorkov, Yaroslav, Giewekemeyer, Klaus, Ginn, Helen Mary, Graafsma, Heinz, Graceffa, Rita, Greiffenberg, Dominic, Gumprecht, Lars, G��ttlicher, Peter, Hajdu, J��nos, Hauf, Steffen, Heymann, Michael, and Holmes, Susannah
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600: Technik ,3. Good health - Abstract
The new European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is the first X-ray free-electron laser capable of delivering X-ray pulses with a megahertz inter-pulse spacing, more than four orders of magnitude higher than previously possible. However, to date, it has been unclear whether it would indeed be possible to measure high-quality diffraction data at megahertz pulse repetition rates. Here, we show that high-quality structures can indeed be obtained using currently available operating conditions at the European XFEL. We present two complete data sets, one from the well-known model system lysozyme and the other from a so far unknown complex of a ��-lactamase from K. pneumoniae involved in antibiotic resistance. This result opens up megahertz serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) as a tool for reliable structure determination, substrate screening and the efficient measurement of the evolution and dynamics of molecular structures using megahertz repetition rate pulses available at this new class of X-ray laser source.
110. Structural enzymology using X-ray free electron lasers
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Kupitz, Christopher, Olmos, Jose L., Holl, Mark, Tremblay, Lee, Pande, Kanupriya, Pandey, Suraj, Oberthür, Dominik, Hunter, Mark, Liang, Mengning, Aquila, Andrew, Tenboer, Jason, Calvey, George, Katz, Andrea, Chen, Yujie, Wiedorn, Max O., Knoska, Juraj, Meents, Alke, Majriani, Valerio, Norwood, Tyler, Poudyal, Ishwor, Grant, Thomas, Miller, Mitchell D., Xu, Weijun, Tolstikova, Aleksandra, Morgan, Andrew, Metz, Markus, Martin-Gracia, Jose, Zook, James D., Roy-Chowdhury, Shatabdi, Coe, Jesse, Nagaratnam, Nirupa, Meza, Domingo, Fromme, Raimund, Basu, Shibom, Frank, Matthias, White, Thomas, Barty, Anton, Bajt, Sasa, Yefanov, Oleksandr, Chapman, Henry N., Zatsepin, Nadia, Nelson, Garrett, Weierstall, Uwe, Spence, John, Schwander, Peter, Pollack, Lois, Fromme, Petra, Ourmazd, Abbas, Phillips, George N., and Schmidt, Marius
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3. Good health - Abstract
Structural dynamics 4(4), 044003 (2017). doi:10.1063/1.4972069, Mix-and-inject serial crystallography (MISC) is a technique designed to image enzyme catalyzed reactions in which small protein crystals are mixed with a substrate just prior to being probed by an X-ray pulse. This approach offers several advantages over flow cell studies. It provides (i) room temperature structures at near atomic resolution, (ii) time resolution ranging from microseconds to seconds, and (iii) convenient reaction initiation. It outruns radiation damage by using femtosecond X-ray pulses allowing damage and chemistry to be separated. Here, we demonstrate that MISC is feasible at an X-ray free electron laser by studying the reaction of M. tuberculosis ß-lactamase microcrystals with ceftriaxone antibiotic solution. Electron density maps of the apo-ß-lactamase and of the ceftriaxone bound form were obtained at 2.8 Å and 2.4 Å resolution, respectively. These results pave the way to study cyclic and non-cyclic reactions and represent a new field of time-resolved structural dynamics for numerous substrate-triggered biological reactions., Published by AIP Publishing LLC, Melville, NY
111. Serial femtosecond crystallography datasets from G protein-coupled receptors
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Barty, Anton, Liu, Wei, Ishchenko, Andrii, Zhang, Haitao, Gati, Cornelius, Zatsepin, Nadia A., Basu, Shibom, Oberthür, Dominik, Metz, Markus, Beyerlein, Kenneth, Yoon, Chun Hong, Yefanov, Oleksandr, James, Daniel, Wang, Dingjie, Messerschmidt, Marc, Koglin, Jason E., Boutet, Sébastien, Weierstall, Uwe, and Cherezov, Vadim
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3. Good health - Abstract
Scientific data 3, 160057 (2016). doi:10.1038/sdata.2016.57 special issue: "Structural biology applications of X-ray lasers", We describe the deposition of four datasets consisting of X-ray diffraction images acquired using serial femtosecond crystallography experiments on microcrystals of human G protein-coupled receptors, grown and delivered in lipidic cubic phase, at the Linac Coherent Light Source. The receptors are: the human serotonin receptor 2B in complex with an agonist ergotamine, the human δ-opioid receptor in complex with a bi-functional peptide ligand DIPP-NH2 , the human smoothened receptor in complex with an antagonist cyclopamine, and finally the human angiotensin II type 1 receptor in complex with the selective antagonist ZD7155. All four datasets have been deposited, with minimal processing, in an HDF5-based file format, which can be used directly for crystallographic processing with CrystFEL or other software. We have provided processing scripts and supporting files for recent versions of CrystFEL, which can be used to validate the data., Published by Nature Publ. Group, London
112. Megahertz serial crystallography
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Wiedorn, Max O., Oberthür, Dominik, Bean, Richard, Schubert, Robin, Werner, Nadine, Abbey, Brian, Aepfelbacher, Martin, Adriano, Luigi, Allah Gholi, Aschkan, Al-Qudami, Nasser, Andreasson, Jakob, Aplin, Steve, Awel, Salah, Ayyer, Kartik, Bajt, Saša, Barák, Imrich, Bari, Sadia, Bielecki, Johan, Botha, Sabine, Boukhelef, Djelloul, Brehm, Wolfgang, Brockhauser, Sandor, Cheviakov, Igor, Coleman, Matthew A., Cruz-Mazo, Francisco, Danilevski, Cyril, Darmanin, Connie, Doak, R. Bruce, Domaracky, Martin, Dörner, Katerina, Du, Yang, Fangohr, Hans, Fleckenstein, Holger, Frank, Matthias, Fromme, Petra, Gañán-Calvo, Alfonso M., Gevorkov, Yaroslav, Giewekemeyer, Klaus, Ginn, Helen, Graafsma, Heinz, Graceffa, Rita, Greiffenberg, Dominic, Gumprecht, Lars, Göttlicher, Peter, Hajdu, Janos, Hauf, Steffen, Heymann, Michael, Holmes, Susannah, Horke, Daniel A., Hunter, Mark S., Imlau, Siegfried, Kaukher, Alexander, Kim, Yoonhee, Klyuev, Alexander, Knoska, Juraj, Kobe, Bostjan, Kuhn, Manuela, Kupitz, Christopher, Küpper, Jochen, Lahey-Rudolph, Janine Mia, Laurus, Torsten, Le Cong, Karoline, Letrun, Romain, Xavier, P. Lourdu, Maia, Luis, Maia, Filipe R. N. C., Mariani, Valerio, Messerschmidt, Marc, Metz, Markus, Mezza, Davide, Michelat, Thomas, Mills, Grant, Monteiro, Diana, Morgan, Andrew, Mühlig, Kerstin, Munke, Anna, Münnich, Astrid, Nette, Julia, Nugent, Keith A., Nuguid, Theresa, Orville, Allen M., Pandey, Suraj, Pena, Gisel, Villanueva-Perez, Pablo, Poehlsen, Jennifer, Previtali, Gianpietro, Redecke, Lars, Riekehr, Winnie Maria, Rohde, Holger, Round, Adam, Safenreiter, Tatiana, Sarrou, Iosifina, Sato, Tokushi, Schmidt, Marius, Schmitt, Bernd, Schönherr, Robert, Schulz, Joachim, Sellberg, Jonas A., Seibert, M. Marvin, Seuring, Carolin, Shelby, Megan L., Shoeman, Robert L., Sikorski, Marcin, Silenzi, Alessandro, Stan, Claudiu A., Shi, Xintian, Stern, Stephan, Sztuk-Dambietz, Jola, Szuba, Janusz, Tolstikova, Aleksandra, Trebbin, Martin, Trunk, Ulrich, Vagovic, Patrik, Ve, Thomas, Weinhausen, Britta, White, Thomas A., Wrona, Krzysztof, Xu, Chen, Yefanov, Oleksandr, Zatsepin, Nadia, Zhang, Jiaguo, Perbandt, Markus, Mancuso, Adrian, Betzel, Christian, Chapman, Henry, and Barty, Anton
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3. Good health - Abstract
Nature Communications 9(1), 4025 (2018). doi:doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06156-7, The new European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is the first X-ray free-electron laser capable of delivering X-ray pulses with a megahertz inter-pulse spacing, more than four orders of magnitude higher than previously possible. However, to date, it has been unclear whether it would indeed be possible to measure high-quality diffraction data at megahertz pulse repetition rates. Here, we show that high-quality structures can indeed be obtained using currently available operating conditions at the European XFEL. We present two complete data sets, one from the well-known model system lysozyme and the other from a so far unknown complex of a β-lactamase from K. pneumoniae involved in antibiotic resistance. This result opens up megahertz serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) as a tool for reliable structure determination, substrate screening and the efficient measurement of the evolution and dynamics of molecular structures using megahertz repetition rate pulses available at this new class of X-ray laser source., Published by Nature Publishing Group, London
113. Megahertz serial crystallography
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Wiedorn, Max O., Oberthür, Dominik, Bean, Richard, Schubert, Robin, Werner, Nadine, Abbey, Brian, Aepfelbacher, Martin, Adriano, Luigi, Allahgholi, Aschkan, Al-Qudami, Nasser, Andreasson, Jakob, Aplin, Steve, Awel, Salah, Ayyer, Kartik, Bajt, Saša, Barak, Imrich, Bari, Sadia, Bielecki, Johan, Botha, Sabine, Boukhelef, Djelloul, Brehm, Wolfgang, Brockhauser, Sandor, Cheviakov, Igor, Coleman, Matthew A., Cruz-Mazo, Francisco, Danilevski, Cyril, Darmanin, Connie, Doak, R. Bruce, Domaracky, Martin, Dörner, Katerina, Du, Yang, Fangohr, Hans, Fleckenstein, Holger, Frank, Matthias, Fromme, Petra, Ganan-Calvo, Alfonso, Gevorkov, Yaroslav, Giewekemeyer, Klaus, Ginn, Helen, Graafsma, Heinz, Graceffa, Rita, Greiffenberg, Dominic, Gumprecht, Lars, Göttlicher, Peter, Hajdu, Janos, Hauf, Steffen, Heymann, Michael, Holmes, Susannah, Horke, Daniel A., Hunter, Mark S., Imlau, Siegfried, Kaukher, Alexander, Kim, Yoonhee, Klyuev, Alexander, Knoska, Juraj, Kobe, Bostjan, Kuhn, Manuela, Kupitz, Christopher, Küpper, Jochen, Lahey-Rudolph, Janine Mia, Laurus, Torsten, Le Cong, Karoline, Letrun, Romain, Xavier, P. Lourdu, Maia, Luis, Maia, Filipe R. N. C., Mariani, Valerio, Messerschmidt, Marc, Metz, Markus, Mezza, Davide, Michelat, Thomas, Mills, Grant, Monteiro, Diana, Morgan, Andrew, Mühlig, Kerstin, Munke, Anna, Münnich, Astrid, Nette, Julia, Nugent, Keith, Nuguid, Theresa, Orville, Allen, Pandey, Suraj, Pena, Gisel, Villanueva-Perez, Pablo, Poehlsen, Jennifer, Previtali, Gianpietro, Redecke, Lars, Riekehr, Winnie Maria, Rohde, Holger, Round, Adam, Safenreiter, Tatiana, Sarrou, Iosifina, Sato, Tokushi, Schmidt, Marius, Schmitt, Bernd, Schönherr, Robert, Schulz, Joachim, Sellberg, Jonas, Seibert, M. Marvin, Seuring, Carolin, Shelby, Megan, Shoeman, Robert, Sikorski, Marcin, Silenzi, Alessandro, Stan, Claudiu, Shi, Xintian, Stern, Stephan, Sztuk-Dambietz, Jola, Szuba, Janusz, Tolstikova, Aleksandra, Trebbin, Martin, Trunk, Ulrich, Vagovic, Patrik, Ve, Thomas, Weinhausen, Britta, White, Thomas A., Wrona, Krzysztof, Xu, Chen, Yefanov, Oleksandr, Zatsepin, Nadia, Zhang, Jiaguo, Perbandt, Markus, Mancuso, Adrian P., Betzel, Christian, Chapman, Henry, and Barty, Anton
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3. Good health - Abstract
Nature Communications 9(1), 4025 (2018). doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06156-7, The new European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is the first X-ray free-electron laser capable of delivering X-ray pulses with a megahertz inter-pulse spacing, more than four orders of magnitude higher than previously possible. However, to date, it has been unclear whether it would indeed be possible to measure high-quality diffraction data at megahertz pulse repetition rates. Here, we show that high-quality structures can indeed be obtained using currently available operating conditions at the European XFEL. We present two complete data sets, one from the well-known model system lysozyme and the other from a so far unknown complex of a β-lactamase from K. pneumoniae involved in antibiotic resistance. This result opens up megahertz serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) as a tool for reli- able structure determination, substrate screening and the efficient measurement of the evolution and dynamics of molecular structures using megahertz repetition rate pulses available at this new class of X-ray laser source., Published by Nature Publishing Group, London
114. Mix-and-diffuse serial synchrotron crystallography
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Beyerlein, Kenneth R., Dierksmeyer, Dennis, Mariani, Valerio, Kuhn, Manuela, Sarrou, Iosifina, Ottaviano, Angelica, Awel, Salah, Knoska, Juraj, Fuglerud, Silje, Jönsson, Olof, Stern, Stephan, Wiedorn, Max O., Yefanov, Oleksandr, Adriano, Luigi, Bean, Richard, Burkhardt, Anja, Fischer, Pontus, Heymann, Michael, Horke, Daniel A., Jungnickel, Katharina E. J., Kovaleva, Elena, Lorbeer, Olga, Metz, Markus, Meyer, Jan, Morgan, Andrew, Pande, Kanupriya, Panneerselvam, Saravanan, Seuring, Carolin, Tolstikova, Aleksandra, Lieske, Julia, Aplin, Steve, Roessle, Manfred, White, Thomas A., Chapman, Henry N., Meents, Alke, and Oberthuer, Dominik
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3. Good health - Abstract
IUCrJ 4(6), 769 - 777 (2017). doi:10.1107/S2052252517013124, Unravelling the interaction of biological macromolecules with ligands and substrates at high spatial and temporal resolution remains a major challenge in structural biology. The development of serial crystallography methods at X-ray free-electron lasers and subsequently at synchrotron light sources allows new approaches to tackle this challenge. Here, a new polyimide tape drive designed for mix-and-diffuse serial crystallography experiments is reported. The structure of lysozyme bound by the competitive inhibitor chitotriose was determined using this device in combination with microfluidic mixers. The electron densities obtained from mixing times of 2 and 50 s show clear binding of chitotriose to the enzyme at a high level of detail. The success of this approach shows the potential for high-throughput drug screening and even structural enzymology on short timescales at bright synchrotron light sources., Published by Chester
115. Potential of remote sensing to predict species invasions: a modelling perspective
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Rocchini, Duccio, Andreo, Veronica, Förster, Michael, Garzon-Lopez, Carol Ximena, Gutierrez, Andrew Paul, Gillespie, Thomas W., Hauffe, Heidi C., He, Kate S., Kleinschmit, Birgit, Mairota, Paola, Marcantonio, Matteo, Metz, Markus, Nagendra, Harini, Pareeth, Sajid, Ponti, Luigi, Ricotta, Carlo, Rizzoli, Annapaola, Schaab, Gertrud, Zebisch, Marc, Zorer, Roberto, and Neteler, Markus
- Subjects
910 Geografie, Reisen ,species diversity ,13. Climate action ,physiologically-based demographic models ,ecological niche models ,biological invasion ,14. Life underwater ,15. Life on land ,satellite imagery ,species distribution modelling ,uncertainty - Abstract
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich., This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively., Understanding the causes and effects of species invasions is a priority in ecology and conservation biology. One of the crucial steps in evaluating the impact of invasive species is to map changes in their actual and potential distribution and relative abundance across a wide region over an appropriate time span. While direct and indirect remote sensing approaches have long been used to assess the invasion of plant species, the distribution of invasive animals is mainly based on indirect methods that rely on environmental proxies of conditions suitable for colonization by a particular species. The aim of this article is to review recent efforts in the predictive modelling of the spread of both plant and animal invasive species using remote sensing, and to stimulate debate on the potential use of remote sensing in biological invasion monitoring and forecasting. Specifically, the challenges and drawbacks of remote sensing techniques are discussed in relation to: i) developing species distribution models, and ii) studying life cycle changes and phenological variations. Finally, the paper addresses the open challenges and pitfalls of remote sensing for biological invasion studies including sensor characteristics, upscaling and downscaling in species distribution models, and uncertainty of results.
116. Uncertainty in ecosystem mapping by remote sensing
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Rocchini, Duccio, Foody, Giles M., Nagendra, Harini, Ricotta, Carlo, Anand, Madhur, He, Kate S., Amici, Valerio, Kleinschmit, Birgit, Förster, Michael, Schmidtlein, Sebastian, Feilhauer, Hannes, Ghisla, Anne, Metz, Markus, and Neteler, Markus
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UNCERTAINTY , *REMOTE-sensing images , *LAND use , *MODULES (Algebra) , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *STATISTICS , *ESTIMATION theory , *SURFACE of the earth - Abstract
Abstract: The classification of remotely sensed images such as aerial photographs or satellite sensor images for deriving ecosystem-related maps (e.g., land cover, land use, vegetation, soil) is generally based on clustering of spatial entities within a spectral space. In most cases, Boolean logic is applied in order to map landscape patterns. One major concern is that this implies an ability to divide the gradual variability of the Earth''s surface into a finite number of discrete non-overlapping classes, which are considered to be exhaustively defined and mutually exclusive. This type of approach is often inappropriate given the continuous nature of many ecosystem properties. Moreover, the standard data processing and image classification methods used will involve the loss of information as the continuous quantitative spectral information is degraded into a set of discrete classes. This leads to uncertainty in the products resulting from the use of remote sensing tools. It follows that any estimated ecosystem property has an associated error and/or uncertainty of unknown magnitude, and that the statistical quantification of uncertainty should be a core part of scientific research using remote sensing. In this paper we will review recent attempts to take explicitly into account uncertainty when mapping ecosystems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
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117. GRASS GIS: A multi-purpose open source GIS
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Neteler, Markus, Bowman, M. Hamish, Landa, Martin, and Metz, Markus
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GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *MARKET share , *PUBLIC administration , *ALGORITHMS , *LICENSES , *COMPUTER software , *MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
Abstract: The GIS software sector has developed rapidly over the last ten years. Open Source GIS applications are gaining relevant market shares in academia, business, and public administration. In this paper, we illustrate the history and features of a key Open Source GIS, the Geographical Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS). GRASS has been under development for more than 28 years, has strong ties into academia, and its review mechanisms led to the integration of well tested and documented algorithms into a joint GIS suite which has been used regularly for environmental modelling. The development is community-based with developers distributed globally. Through the use of an online source code repository, mailing lists and a Wiki, users and developers communicate in order to review existing code and develop new methods. In this paper, we provide a functionality overview of the more than 400 modules available in the latest stable GRASS software release. This new release runs natively on common operating systems (MS-Windows, GNU/Linux, Mac OSX), giving basic and advanced functionality to casual and expert users. In the second part, we review selected publications with a focus on environmental modelling to illustrate the wealth of use cases for this open and free GIS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2012
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118. Arbeitszeugnis
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Müller, Roland, Münch, Peter, and Metz, Markus
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law ,Arbeitszeugnis, Arbeitsbestätigung, Referenz - Abstract
Arbeitszeugnisse sind in der Schweiz von besonderer Bedeutung, da hier im Gegensatz zu den Regelungen in anderen Ländern der Grundsatz gilt: Wahrheit vor Wohlwollen. Im Gesetz ist dies zwar nicht ausdrücklich vorgegeben, doch resultiert der Grundsatz aus der Rechtsprechung des Bundesgerichtes, wonach der Aussteller eines Arbeitszeugnisses für die Vollständigkeit und Richtigkeit der im Zeugnis gemachten Angaben haftet. Die Qualität der Arbeitszeugnisse in der Schweiz ist deshalb überdurchschnittlich hoch und fördert damit indirekt den Wirtschaftsstandort Schweiz. Andererseits verursachen Arbeitszeugnisse einen hohen betriebswirtschaftlichen Aufwand. Von den rund 4,2 Mio. Beschäftigten verlangen pro Jahr ca.15% aller Arbeitnehmer ein Zwischenzeugnis. Daraus resultieren bereits 630 000 Zwischenzeugnisse pro Jahr. Berücksichtigt man zusätzlich noch die Fluktuationsrate von durchschnittlich rund 10% pro Jahr und geht man davon aus, dass jeder ausscheidende Arbeitnehmer ordnungsgemäss ein Schlusszeugnis erhält, so ergeben sich jährlich weitere 420 000 Zeugnisse. Insgesamt dürften in der Schweiz somit über eine Million Arbeitszeugnisse pro Jahr ausgestellt werden.
- Published
- 2012
119. Massenentlassung
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Geiser, Thomas, Münch, Peter, and Metz, Markus
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law - Published
- 2012
120. Identification of Selective Imidazopyridine CSF1R Inhibitors.
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Kane JL Jr, Asmussen G, Batchelor J, Cromwell M, Fezoui M, Fitzgerald M, Giese B, Gladysheva T, Holley S, Keefe K, Kothe M, Lam B, Lim S, Liu J, Ma L, Metz M, Scholte AA, Shum P, Wei L, Woodworth L, and Edling A
- Abstract
Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R or c-FMS), a class III receptor tyrosine kinase expressed on members of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), plays a key role in the proper functioning of macrophages, microglia, and related cells. Aberrant signaling through CSF1R has been associated with a variety of disease states, including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. In this Letter, we detail our efforts to develop novel CSF1R inhibitors. Drawing on previously described compounds, including GW2580 ( 4 ), we have discovered a novel series of compounds based on the imidazo[4,5- b ]pyridine scaffold. Initial structure-activity relationship studies culminated in the identification of 36 , a lead compound with potent CSF1R biochemical and cellular activity, acceptable in vitro ADME properties, and oral exposure in rat., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): All authors are or were employees of Sanofi and may have stock and/or stock options., (© 2024 American Chemical Society.)
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- 2024
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121. Robust evidence for bats as reservoir hosts is lacking in most African virus studies: a review and call to optimize sampling and conserve bats.
- Author
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Weber N, Nagy M, Markotter W, Schaer J, Puechmaille SJ, Sutton J, Dávalos LM, Dusabe MC, Ejotre I, Fenton MB, Knörnschild M, López-Baucells A, Medellin RA, Metz M, Mubareka S, Nsengimana O, O'Mara MT, Racey PA, Tuttle M, Twizeyimana I, Vicente-Santos A, Tschapka M, Voigt CC, Wikelski M, Dechmann DKN, and Reeder DM
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Disease Reservoirs, Africa, Chiroptera, Viruses
- Abstract
Africa experiences frequent emerging disease outbreaks among humans, with bats often proposed as zoonotic pathogen hosts. We comprehensively reviewed virus-bat findings from papers published between 1978 and 2020 to evaluate the evidence that African bats are reservoir and/or bridging hosts for viruses that cause human disease. We present data from 162 papers (of 1322) with original findings on (1) numbers and species of bats sampled across bat families and the continent, (2) how bats were selected for study inclusion, (3) if bats were terminally sampled, (4) what types of ecological data, if any, were recorded and (5) which viruses were detected and with what methodology. We propose a scheme for evaluating presumed virus-host relationships by evidence type and quality, using the contrasting available evidence for Orthoebolavirus versus Orthomarburgvirus as an example. We review the wording in abstracts and discussions of all 162 papers, identifying key framing terms, how these refer to findings, and how they might contribute to people's beliefs about bats. We discuss the impact of scientific research communication on public perception and emphasize the need for strategies that minimize human-bat conflict and support bat conservation. Finally, we make recommendations for best practices that will improve virological study metadata.
- Published
- 2023
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122. Megahertz pulse trains enable multi-hit serial femtosecond crystallography experiments at X-ray free electron lasers.
- Author
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Holmes S, Kirkwood HJ, Bean R, Giewekemeyer K, Martin AV, Hadian-Jazi M, Wiedorn MO, Oberthür D, Marman H, Adriano L, Al-Qudami N, Bajt S, Barák I, Bari S, Bielecki J, Brockhauser S, Coleman MA, Cruz-Mazo F, Danilevski C, Dörner K, Gañán-Calvo AM, Graceffa R, Fanghor H, Heymann M, Frank M, Kaukher A, Kim Y, Kobe B, Knoška J, Laurus T, Letrun R, Maia L, Messerschmidt M, Metz M, Michelat T, Mills G, Molodtsov S, Monteiro DCF, Morgan AJ, Münnich A, Peña Murillo GE, Previtali G, Round A, Sato T, Schubert R, Schulz J, Shelby M, Seuring C, Sellberg JA, Sikorski M, Silenzi A, Stern S, Sztuk-Dambietz J, Szuba J, Trebbin M, Vagovic P, Ve T, Weinhausen B, Wrona K, Xavier PL, Xu C, Yefanov O, Nugent KA, Chapman HN, Mancuso AP, Barty A, Abbey B, and Darmanin C
- Subjects
- Crystallography, X-Ray, Radiography, X-Rays, Electrons, Lasers
- Abstract
The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) and Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) II are extremely intense sources of X-rays capable of generating Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SFX) data at megahertz (MHz) repetition rates. Previous work has shown that it is possible to use consecutive X-ray pulses to collect diffraction patterns from individual crystals. Here, we exploit the MHz pulse structure of the European XFEL to obtain two complete datasets from the same lysozyme crystal, first hit and the second hit, before it exits the beam. The two datasets, separated by <1 µs, yield up to 2.1 Å resolution structures. Comparisons between the two structures reveal no indications of radiation damage or significant changes within the active site, consistent with the calculated dose estimates. This demonstrates MHz SFX can be used as a tool for tracking sub-microsecond structural changes in individual single crystals, a technique we refer to as multi-hit SFX., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
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123. Macromolecular phasing using diffraction from multiple crystal forms.
- Author
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Metz M, Arnal RD, Brehm W, Chapman HN, Morgan AJ, and Millane RP
- Abstract
A phasing algorithm for macromolecular crystallography is proposed that utilizes diffraction data from multiple crystal forms - crystals of the same molecule with different unit-cell packings (different unit-cell parameters or space-group symmetries). The approach is based on the method of iterated projections, starting with no initial phase information. The practicality of the method is demonstrated by simulation using known structures that exist in multiple crystal forms, assuming some information on the molecular envelope and positional relationships between the molecules in the different unit cells. With incorporation of new or existing methods for determination of these parameters, the approach has potential as a method for ab initio phasing., (open access.)
- Published
- 2021
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124. Megahertz serial crystallography.
- Author
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Wiedorn MO, Oberthür D, Bean R, Schubert R, Werner N, Abbey B, Aepfelbacher M, Adriano L, Allahgholi A, Al-Qudami N, Andreasson J, Aplin S, Awel S, Ayyer K, Bajt S, Barák I, Bari S, Bielecki J, Botha S, Boukhelef D, Brehm W, Brockhauser S, Cheviakov I, Coleman MA, Cruz-Mazo F, Danilevski C, Darmanin C, Doak RB, Domaracky M, Dörner K, Du Y, Fangohr H, Fleckenstein H, Frank M, Fromme P, Gañán-Calvo AM, Gevorkov Y, Giewekemeyer K, Ginn HM, Graafsma H, Graceffa R, Greiffenberg D, Gumprecht L, Göttlicher P, Hajdu J, Hauf S, Heymann M, Holmes S, Horke DA, Hunter MS, Imlau S, Kaukher A, Kim Y, Klyuev A, Knoška J, Kobe B, Kuhn M, Kupitz C, Küpper J, Lahey-Rudolph JM, Laurus T, Le Cong K, Letrun R, Xavier PL, Maia L, Maia FRNC, Mariani V, Messerschmidt M, Metz M, Mezza D, Michelat T, Mills G, Monteiro DCF, Morgan A, Mühlig K, Munke A, Münnich A, Nette J, Nugent KA, Nuguid T, Orville AM, Pandey S, Pena G, Villanueva-Perez P, Poehlsen J, Previtali G, Redecke L, Riekehr WM, Rohde H, Round A, Safenreiter T, Sarrou I, Sato T, Schmidt M, Schmitt B, Schönherr R, Schulz J, Sellberg JA, Seibert MM, Seuring C, Shelby ML, Shoeman RL, Sikorski M, Silenzi A, Stan CA, Shi X, Stern S, Sztuk-Dambietz J, Szuba J, Tolstikova A, Trebbin M, Trunk U, Vagovic P, Ve T, Weinhausen B, White TA, Wrona K, Xu C, Yefanov O, Zatsepin N, Zhang J, Perbandt M, Mancuso AP, Betzel C, Chapman H, and Barty A
- Abstract
The new European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is the first X-ray free-electron laser capable of delivering X-ray pulses with a megahertz inter-pulse spacing, more than four orders of magnitude higher than previously possible. However, to date, it has been unclear whether it would indeed be possible to measure high-quality diffraction data at megahertz pulse repetition rates. Here, we show that high-quality structures can indeed be obtained using currently available operating conditions at the European XFEL. We present two complete data sets, one from the well-known model system lysozyme and the other from a so far unknown complex of a β-lactamase from K. pneumoniae involved in antibiotic resistance. This result opens up megahertz serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) as a tool for reliable structure determination, substrate screening and the efficient measurement of the evolution and dynamics of molecular structures using megahertz repetition rate pulses available at this new class of X-ray laser source.
- Published
- 2018
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125. Femtosecond structural dynamics drives the trans/cis isomerization in photoactive yellow protein.
- Author
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Pande K, Hutchison CD, Groenhof G, Aquila A, Robinson JS, Tenboer J, Basu S, Boutet S, DePonte DP, Liang M, White TA, Zatsepin NA, Yefanov O, Morozov D, Oberthuer D, Gati C, Subramanian G, James D, Zhao Y, Koralek J, Brayshaw J, Kupitz C, Conrad C, Roy-Chowdhury S, Coe JD, Metz M, Xavier PL, Grant TD, Koglin JE, Ketawala G, Fromme R, Šrajer V, Henning R, Spence JC, Ourmazd A, Schwander P, Weierstall U, Frank M, Fromme P, Barty A, Chapman HN, Moffat K, van Thor JJ, and Schmidt M
- Subjects
- Crystallography, Isomerism, Light, Photons, Protein Conformation radiation effects, Time Factors, Bacterial Proteins chemistry, Bacterial Proteins radiation effects, Photochemical Processes, Photoreceptors, Microbial chemistry, Photoreceptors, Microbial radiation effects
- Abstract
A variety of organisms have evolved mechanisms to detect and respond to light, in which the response is mediated by protein structural changes after photon absorption. The initial step is often the photoisomerization of a conjugated chromophore. Isomerization occurs on ultrafast time scales and is substantially influenced by the chromophore environment. Here we identify structural changes associated with the earliest steps in the trans-to-cis isomerization of the chromophore in photoactive yellow protein. Femtosecond hard x-ray pulses emitted by the Linac Coherent Light Source were used to conduct time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography on photoactive yellow protein microcrystals over a time range from 100 femtoseconds to 3 picoseconds to determine the structural dynamics of the photoisomerization reaction., (Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)
- Published
- 2016
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126. Bat echolocation calls facilitate social communication.
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Knörnschild M, Jung K, Nagy M, Metz M, and Kalko E
- Subjects
- Animals, Costa Rica, Female, Male, Vocalization, Animal, Chiroptera physiology, Chiroptera psychology, Echolocation, Social Behavior
- Abstract
Bat echolocation is primarily used for orientation and foraging but also holds great potential for social communication. The communicative function of echolocation calls is still largely unstudied, especially in the wild. Eavesdropping on vocal signatures encoding social information in echolocation calls has not, to our knowledge, been studied in free-living bats so far. We analysed echolocation calls of the polygynous bat Saccopteryx bilineata and found pronounced vocal signatures encoding sex and individual identity. We showed experimentally that free-living males discriminate approaching male and female conspecifics solely based on their echolocation calls. Males always produced aggressive vocalizations when hearing male echolocation calls and courtship vocalizations when hearing female echolocation calls; hence, they responded with complex social vocalizations in the appropriate social context. Our study demonstrates that social information encoded in bat echolocation calls plays a crucial and hitherto underestimated role for eavesdropping conspecifics and thus facilitates social communication in a highly mobile nocturnal mammal.
- Published
- 2012
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127. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of azamacrocyclic C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 antagonists: analogues containing a single azamacrocyclic ring are potent inhibitors of T-cell tropic (X4) HIV-1 replication.
- Author
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Bridger GJ, Skerlj RT, Hernandez-Abad PE, Bogucki DE, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Nan S, Boehringer EM, Wilson T, Crawford J, Metz M, Hatse S, Princen K, De Clercq E, and Schols D
- Subjects
- Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology, HIV Infections drug therapy, Heterocyclic Compounds pharmacology, Humans, Models, Chemical, Molecular Structure, Pyridines chemistry, Pyridines pharmacology, Structure-Activity Relationship, Anti-HIV Agents chemical synthesis, Anti-HIV Agents chemistry, HIV-1 drug effects, Heterocyclic Compounds chemical synthesis, Heterocyclic Compounds chemistry, Receptors, CXCR4 antagonists & inhibitors, T-Lymphocytes, Virus Replication drug effects
- Abstract
Bis-tetraazamacrocycles such as the bicyclam AMD3100 (1) are a class of potent and selective anti-HIV-1 agents that inhibit virus replication by binding to the chemokine receptor CXCR4, the coreceptor for entry of X4 viruses. By sequential replacement and/or deletion of the amino groups within the azamacrocyclic ring systems, we have determined the minimum structural features required for potent antiviral activity in this class of compounds. All eight amino groups are not required for activity, the critical amino groups on a per ring basis are nonidentical, and the overall charge at physiological pH can be reduced without compromising potency. This approach led to the identification of several single ring azamacrocyclic analogues such as AMD3465 (3d), 36, and 40, which exhibit EC(50)'s against the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 of 9.0, 1.0, and 4.0 nM, respectively, antiviral potencies that are comparable to 1 (EC(50) against HIV-1 of 4.0 nM). More importantly, however, the key structural elements of 1 required for antiviral activity may facilitate the design of nonmacrocyclic CXCR4 antagonists suitable for HIV treatment via oral administration.
- Published
- 2010
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128. Oxygen Binding, Activation, and Reduction to Water by Copper Proteins.
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Solomon EI, Chen P, Metz M, Lee SK, and Palmer AE
- Abstract
Copper active sites play a major role in biological and abiological dioxygen activation. Oxygen intermediates have been studied in detail for the proteins and enzymes involved in reversible O(2) binding (hemocyanin), activation (tyrosinase), and four-electron reduction to water (multicopper oxidases). These oxygen intermediates exhibit unique spectroscopic features indicative of new geometric and electronic structures involved in oxygen activation. The spectroscopic and quantum-mechanical study of these intermediates has defined geometric- and electronic-structure/function correlations, and developed detailed reaction coordinates for the reversible binding of O(2), hydroxylation, and H-atom abstraction from different substrates, and the reductive cleavage of the O-O bond in the formation water.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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