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Solipsizm çıkmazı, başkasının beni sorunu ve bu sorunları aşma çabası, bilhassa Descartes ile başlayan modern felsefenin önemli konuları arasında yer almıştır. Genel olarak her iki problemin de ortaya çıkmasına sebep olan solipsist iddia, epistemolojik boyutu ile insanın kendi bilinç içerikleri dışında hiçbir şeyi bilemeyeceği ve ontolojik boyutu ile insanın kendi benliği dışında hiçbir şeyin kendinde bir gerçekliği olmadığı, olsa bile birey tarafından kanıtlanmasının mümkün olmadığı şeklindedir. Başkasının beni problemi de bu bağlamda solipsist görüşlerin bir sonucu olarak diğer insanların kendinde bir gerçeklik olarak benliğe sahip olup olmadığının kanıtlanması ile ilinti olarak felsefe tarihinde filizlenmiştir. Ancak, bilhassa Viyana Çevresi düşünürlerinin başını çektiği mantıksal pozitivist akım için felsefe tarihinde metafizik bağlamda sıkça tartışılmış bu problemler, dilin mantığının yanlış anlaşılması neticesinde ortaya çıkmış sözde problemlerdir. Bu minvalde ilk olarak, Schlick’in görüşleri doğrultusunda, solipsizm çıkmazının sebebinin özünde solipsist görüşlerin doğrulanamaz yapısından kaynaklandığı belirtilmiş ve solipsizmin totolojik yargılar içerdiği bu nedenle anlamsız iddialar öne sürdüğü vurgulanmıştır. Ardından, epistemolojik bakımdan biçim-içerik ayrımının farkında olunmaması nedeniyle başkasının beni sorununun felsefe tarihinde nasıl yanlış kurgulandığı üzerinde durularak Viyana Çevresi’nin kurucu düşünürlerinden olan Moritz Schlick’in iki problemi neden sözde problemler olarak gördüğü netleştirilmeye çalışılmıştır.

"We wanted to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment in Covid-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Sixteen (66.7%) male and 8 (33.3%) female adult severe Covid-19 patients who were treated with IVIG in the tertiary ICU between April 2020 and October 2021 at Ankara City Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The median age of the patients was 63 (interquartile range (IQR):19). The patients were evaluated in terms of laboratory values and clinical results before and after IVIG treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between survived and deceased Covid-19 patients treated with IVIG in terms of age, gender, the onset of symptoms, presence of concomitant diseases, APACHE-II scores, duration of mechanical ventilator support, and length of stay in the ICU. When the laboratory values before and after IVIG treatment were compared, a significant decrease was identified only in alanine transaminase levels (p=0.01). However, there was a statistically significant difference in mortality in 5 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome who all survived (p=0.001). IVIG treatment was effective in Covid-19 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. However, IVIG treatment did not have a statistically significant effect on pre and post-treatment laboratory values, morbidity, and mortality of severe Covid-19 patients in the ICU "

This article focuses on a specially designed steel beam testing apparatus to determine the dynamics of the structure using data obtained from different sensor systems. The analysis of these different sensor systems is performed by processing data recorded by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), vision based measurement (video camera), and accelerometer surveys. To perform this analysis, the accelerometer and GNSS receiver are installed at the steel beam’s mid-span position. The high-contrast artificial target attached to the accelerometer is recorded by a video camera to monitor the structural dynamics. Steel beam experiments show that it is compatible with the accelerometer, which is predicted as a reference sensor in detecting motion with an amplitude of 10 mm and above in the vertical direction with GNSS and determining the structural frequency by spectral analysis. On the other hand, we concluded that the video camera can be used to determine the structural dynamics in SHM because its results were compatible with the reference data even if the amplitude was too small.

Temel felsefeleri bakımından iki farklı ve hatta zıt noktadan hareket eden Nietzsche ve Marx, içinde bulundukları dönemin insanları baskıladığı ve onlar için yaşanamaz bir hale getirdiği konusunda bir ortak noktada buluşmaktadırlar. Nietzsche, içinde bulunduğu dönemin ahlak anlayışında köle ahlakının egemen olmasına yoğun bir eleştiride bulunurken Marx, kapitalist üretim ve tahakküm biçimlerine eleştiride bulunmuştur. Bu noktadan hareketle yazımızda Nietzsche ve Marx’ın ahlak ve özgürlük ilişkisine dair düşünceleri serimlenmiştir. Nietzsche’nin ahlak konusundaki görüşlerini açıklayabilmek için öncelikle onun bilgi ve varlık felsefesine dair görüşleri açıklanmış ve bu çerçevede nihilizm ile insan hakkındaki düşüncelerine yer verilmiştir. Ardından bu görüşleri temelinde ortaya koymuş olduğu ahlak anlayışı ve bu ahlakı yaratacak olan üstün insan görüşüne yer verilmiştir. Daha sonra Marx’ın ahlak görüşünü ele alabilmek için onun toplumsal bir varlık olarak ele aldığı insan tasavvuruna değinilmiş ve bu insanın yabancılaşmadan özgürlüğe geçişine dair düşünceleri açıklanmıştır. Son olarak ise Nietzsche ve Marx’ın ahlak ve özgürlüğe dair benzer ve farklı yönleri ele alınmıştır.

Purpose: To investigate preoperative and postoperative factors affecting functional success in anatomically successful retinal detachment surgery.Methods: Seventy-five eyes of 75 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent anatomically successful surgery from 2014 to 2019 with more than 1 year follow-up were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, ocular examination findings, preoperative and postoperative spectral domain optic coherence tomography images were retrospectively evaluated.Results: The mean age was 53.9 ± 17 years (range, 11–85 years). The mean follow-up period was 36.7 ± 16 months (range, 14–72 months). The mean best-corrected visual acuity of the patients before surgery was 1.35 ± 1.24 and at postoperative 12 months was 0.66 ± 0.5 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. Patients who were operated in 7 days of visual symptoms onset were found to have better visual acuity at the first and subsequent postoperative exams. Preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy, vitreous hemorrhage, and extent of retinal detachment were found to have a negative effect on functional success at 12 months. Regeneration of the outer retinal layers had a positive effect on visual acuity at 12 months but did not significantly increase visual acuity after 12 months. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative external limiting membrane integrity was significantly associated with better functional outcomes.Conclusions: Early intervention, presence of preoperative external limiting membrane integrity, and restoration of postoperative outer retinal layers positively affected functional success. The presence of preoperative vitreous hemorrhage, preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and the extent of retinal detachment had a negative effect on prognosis at 12 months.

The rise of the sharing economy has disrupted traditional industries and has had many unforeseen societal impacts. This has sparked policy debates on whether and how the sharing economy should be regulated to promote the healthy growth of such markets. In this research, we examine the impact of platform self-regulations in the context of the home-sharing market. Using policy changes that reduce the number of Airbnb listings, we empirically test the impact of platform self-regulations on crime rates. Our results suggest that a reduction in Airbnb listings resulting from platform self-regulations leads to a reduction in crime. We further study the impact of these policy changes on different types of crime and find that these self-regulations lead to a reduction in incidents of crime such as assault, robbery, and burglary but an increase in theft incidents. In addition, we find that the impact of these policies varies based on the neighborhood’s characteristics, such as income, housing price, and population. This research contributes to our understanding of the societal impacts of the sharing economy and the impact of platform self-regulation. Our findings also provide empirical evidence to inform policy making.

This study, in which a hundred human teeth with single straight canal were used, focused on the evaluation of contrast solution penetration ability into the simulated lateral canals activated by XP-endo Finisher (XPF), EDDY, Nd:YAG, and Er:YAG laser systems with three different observation methods. The root canals were prepared up to X4 at working length using the ProTaper Next system. The teeth were decalcified and simulated lateral canals were created with #8 K-file at 2, 4, and 6 mm levels. Then the teeth were cleared using methyl salicylate and divided into 5 equal groups according to irrigation activation techniques (CSI, XPF, EDDY, Nd:YAG, and Er:YAG laser). After the contrast solution was activated, images of the simulated lateral canals were obtained by a dental microscope, digital radiography, and CBCT. The contrast solution penetration scores at the 2, 4, and 6 mm levels according to irrigation activation techniques and observation methods were analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric analysis of variance Bonferroni test post hoc comparisons. With the other 2 parameters are ignored, the highest and lowest contrast solution penetration were observed at 6 and 2 mm simulated lateral canal levels (p 0.05), in Er:YAG irrigation activation and CSI technique (p 0.05), and in direct visual and digital radiographic observation method (p 0.05), respectively. Within the limits of this study, it was determined that the contrast solution penetration into the simulated lateral canals decreased from the coronal to the apical and achieved with the most effective Er:YAG laser activation technique. In addition, direct visual observation was found to be the best method for the assessment of contrast solution penetration.