101. Nitrendipine and enalapril improve albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate in non-insulin dependent diabetes
- Author
-
Mosconi, L., Ruggenenti, P., Perna, A., Mecca, G., and Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,Nitrendipine ,Hemodynamics ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ,Calcium Channel Blockers ,Kidney Function Tests ,Renal Circulation ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Double-Blind Method ,Enalapril ,Albuminuria ,Humans ,Female ,Glomerular Filtration Rate - Abstract
The effects of 3, 15, and 27 months of treatment with nitrendipine (10 to 40 mg/day) and enalapril (5 to 20 mg/day) on diastolic blood pressure (DBP), overnight urinary albumin excretion (UAE) rate, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and renal plasma flow (RPF) were studied prospectively in a parallel group design in 13 microalbuminuric non-insulin dependent diabetic patients with mild hypertension and biopsy-proven diabetic glomerulopathy. Throughout the study period DBP decreased in both groups to95 mm Hg. At three months UAE, GFR, and RPF did not change significantly. At 15 and 27 months UAE (microgram/min, geometric mean and 95% C.I.) decreased respectively from 47.4 (23.4 to 95.9) to 28.6 (10.3 to 79.4), and to 22.3 (10.9 to 45.2; P = 0.0005) with nitrendipine, and from 58.3 (30.3 to 110.9) to 44.1 (22.9 to 84.8), and to 14.7 (4.4 to 49.3; P = 0.0025) with enalapril. Four patients in each group were normoalbuminuric at 27 months and none became macroalbuminuric. At 15 months the GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2, mean +/- SD) increased from 69.5 +/- 15.2 to 96.6 +/- 22.0 (P0.05) with nitrendipine and from 58.9 +/- 10.7 to 78.5 +/- 11.0 (P0.05) with enalapril. At 27 months the GFR was still numerically higher that at baseline either with nitrandipine (81.2 +/- 7.8) and with enalapril (79.9 +/- 17.7) (P = 0.7). The RPF (ml/min/1.73 m2, mean +/- SD) at baseline and at 27 months was comparable either with nitrendipine (456.6 +/- 165.3 vs. 400.9 +/- 112.9) and with enalapril (400.3 +/- 81.3 vs. 399.0 +/- 123.7). Both treatments were well tolerated. This is the first evidence that long-term effective control of arterial blood pressure by a calcium channel blocker or by an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, in addition to reducing albuminuria, also improves GFR in incipient nephropathy.