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Native duck populations have lower productivity, and have not been developed as much as commercials duck breeds. However, native ducks have more importance in terms of genetic diversity and potentially valuable economic traits. For this reason, population discriminable genetic markers are needed for conservation and development of native ducks. In this study, 24 highly polymorphic microsatellite (MS) markers were investigated using commercial ducks and native East and South Asian ducks. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) value for all MS markers was 0.584, indicating high discrimination power. All populations were discriminated using 14 highly polymorphic MS markers by genetic distance and phylogenetic analysis. The results indicated that there were close genetic relationships among populations. In the structure analysis, East Asian ducks shared more haplotypes with commercial ducks than South Asian ducks, and they had more independent haplotypes than others did. These results will provide useful information for genetic diversity studies in ducks and for the development of duck traceability systems in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops of Bangladesh in terms of acreage, production and economic value to growers. However, citrus production is severely compromised by citrus leafminer (CLM) affecting both nursery and orchard. Citrus growers conventionally spray different chemicals to control this insect which negatively impact their environment and health. Therefore, alternative management options to conventional practice was required. To provide effective integrated pest management (IPM) option(s) to manage CLM in the nursery, studies were conducted in a commercial horticultural nursery. First, seasonal infestation of this insect was monitored under grower's management practice. Second, an experimentation was conducted in randomized complete block design with seven treatments each replicated thrice: (i) Sanitation (removal of infested leaves weekly) (ii) Imidacloprid (0.5 ml/L of water) + Sanitation (iii) Detergent mix water (28 gm/L of water) + Sanitation (iv) Spinosad (0.5 ml/L of water) + Sanitation (v) Cypermethrin (1 ml/L of water) + Sanitation (vi) Grower's conventional practice (Chlorpyrifos @1 ml/L of water) and (vii) untreated control. Seasonal infestation of CLM remained over 30% of the three months (June, July and August) monitored. All the implemented treatments reduced percent leaf infestation, number of mines and larvae per twig compared to untreated control. Sanitation alone substantially reduced leaf infestation to 21.50%, number of mines per twig to 13.33 and number of larvae per twig to 5.11. Combining spraying (Imidacloprid, Cypermethrin, Detergent mix water) with sanitation practice could not provide further control. However, combining a biorational insecticide Spinosad provided a better control and further reduced the leaf infestation, number of mines and larvae per twig. Number of a generalist predator, ladybird beetle was reduced in all treatment plots, however, sanitation alone or in combination with Spinosad spraying, both practice, harmed it less. Citrus growers can be recommended to implement only sanitation or in combination with Spinosad spraying. [Fundam Appl Agric 2024; 9(2.000): 138-142]

This research aims to improve the strength and durability of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based packaging film with modified fibrillated cellulose fiber (FCF). FCF was extracted from jute fiber by numerous physical and chemical treatments. It was then modified by p-phenylenediamine (pPD) with the catalytic support of FeSO4/K2S2O8. The extent of modification was detected by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystalline index (CrI) was calculated from the X-ray diffractogram (XRD) data. The thermogravametric analysis (TGA) revealed that pPD-FCF exhibited the highest thermal resistance compare to raw jute fiber (RJF), alkali hydrolyzed fiber (AHF) and FCF. The PVA composite films were prepared with RJF, AHF, FCF and pPD-FCF by solvent casting method. The properties of pure PVA and its composites were evaluated for comparison. The pPD-FCF/PVA composite presented highest tensile strength and tensile modulus. The pPD-FCF/PVA composite showed lowest weight loss through soil burial test than other composites and pure PVA. By consideration of those commendable properties, the pPD-FCF/PVA composite material could promote the opportunity for packaging application.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the melanogenesis associated transcription factor (MITF) and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) genes on plumage coloration in Asian native duck breeds. MITF encodes a protein for microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, which regulates the development and function of melanocytes for pigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes. Among the tyrosinase-related family genes, DCT is a pigment cell-specific gene that plays important roles in the melanin synthesis pathway and the expression of skin, feather, and retina color. Methods Five Asian duck varieties (black Korean native, white Korean native, commercial Peking, Nageswari, and Bangladeshi Deshi white ducks) were investigated to examine the polymorphisms associated with plumage colors. Among previously identified SNPs, three synonymous SNPs and one indel of MITF and nine SNPs in exon regions of DCT were genotyped. The allele frequencies for SNPs of the black and white plumage color populations were estimated and Fisher’s exact test was conducted to assess the association between the allele frequencies of these two populations. Results Two synonymous SNPs (c.114T>G and c.147T>C) and a 14-bp indel (GCTGCAAAC AGATG) in intron 7 of MITF were significantly associated with the black- and white-colored breeds (pG (p.His313Arg)] in DCT, was highly significantly associated (pG) was significantly associated (p

The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene is a candidate functional gene that controls the pigment production in melanocytes. The aim of this study was to identify polymorphisms and investigate the effect of the MC1R gene on plumage coloration in duck breeds, including Korean native ducks. Initially, 34 individuals from seven duck breeds were sequenced, obtaining 12 polymorphisms. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region were non-synonymous, with mutations corresponding to amino acid changes. Among these, four SNPs were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 264 individuals from same seven duck breeds. Fisher’s exact test was conducted to identify possible relationships between the MC1R gene polymorphisms and plumage color variations. Four non-synonymous SNPs, c.52A>G (p.Lys18Glu), and c.376 A>G (p.Ile126Val), c.409G>A (p.Ala137Thr) and c.649C>T (p.Arg217Cys), were associated with the two deduced genotypes (i.e., E/E and e+/e+) based on plumage color phenotypes. In addition, we reconstructed MC1R gene haplotypes, where the haplotype AAGC showed its highest frequency in Nageswari duck breed, which presents an extended black phenotype. Our results indicate that the identified polymorphisms by this study can be used to explore associations with plumage color variations in Asian duck breeds.

The present study compared the clinical performance of nanoparticulated resin modified glass ionomer and conventional glass ionomer pit and fissure sealant on permanent molars. Fifty patient having bilateral occlusal grooves in pits and fissures of the occlusal surface were included for this study where 50 teeth were treated with nanopaticulated resin modified and the remaining 50 teeth were subjected to conventional glass ionomer sealants. The color match, retention and marginal adaptation were assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months and statistical analysis was performed by Chi-square test to assess the difference between the two sealants; a values of

A 15 year old male patient came to the Department with the complaint of continuous dull pain on his upper left central incisor. He also gave a history of traumatic injury when he was eight years old for which he didn't undergo any dental treatment. He had noncontributory medical history. On extraoral examination, no abnormality was detected. Intraoral examination revealed there was no sign of caries, no crown discoloration, no swelling and no sinus tract was present. Gingival tissue and tooth were intact. On palpation, the patient felt mild pain on the root area of affected tooth. On percussion, dull percussion note was present.

This study was performed to compare the marginal microleakage of ormocer restorative material with that of giomer in vivo. Forty Class I cavities were prepared in non-carious permanent premolar teeth from 10 patients. Twenty cavities were filled with giomer and the remaining 20 cavities were filled by ormocer restorative materials. After one month, teeth were extracted, immersed in rhodamine dye solution, and then longitudinally bisected to assess the degree of dye penetration by stereoscopy. Furthermore, the gap between the dental material and tooth tissue were observed by the scanning electron microscope. The results showed that no microleakage (score 0) was detected in 15 ormocer and 5 giomer restorations. The remaining restorations were associated with dye penetration which was due to gap formation as seen in stereoscopic and scanning electron microscopic observations. The differences between ormocer and giomer restorative materials in respect to dye penetration were statistically significant. It can be concluded that ormocer restorative material shows less microleakage than that of giomer.

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The purpose of the present study was to assess the clinical and radiological outcome following repair of furcal perforation by mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and intermediate restorative material (IRM) in mandibular molar teeth. Forty teeth having furcal perforation were enrolled in this study, out of which 20 teeth were treated with MTA and the remaining 20 teeth were subjected to IRM treatment. Following perforation repair, all teeth were subjected to root canal treatment followed by final restoration. Clinical and radiological outcome was evaluated at 3, 6 and 12 months interval. The results showed that in both MTA and IRM groups, pain, tenderness on percussion as well as swelling and sinus was gradually decreased with the increase of the observation period. Furthermore, the widening of the periodontal ligament space and communi-cation with the oral cavity were gradually decreased. Although there was no significant differences between MTA and IRM at 3 and 6 months observation period but at 12 months, the clinical outcome between MTA and IRM was statistically significant (p

In spite of variation in coat color, size, and production traits among indigenous Bangladeshi cattle populations, genetic differences among most of the populations have not been investigated or exploited. In this study, we used a high-density bovine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 80K Bead Chip derived from Bos indicus breeds to assess genetic diversity and population structure of 2 Bangladeshi zebu cattle populations (red Chittagong, n = 28 and non-descript deshi, n = 28) and a semi-domesticated population (gayal, n = 17). Overall, 95% and 58% of the total SNPs (69,804) showed polymorphisms in the zebu and gayal populations, respectively. Similarly, the average minor allele frequency value was as high 0.29 in zebu and as low as 0.09 in gayal. The mean expected heterozygosity varied from 0.42±0.14 in zebu to 0.148±0.14 in gayal with significant heterozygosity deficiency of 0.06 (FIS) in the latter. Coancestry estimations revealed that the two zebu populations are weakly differentiated, with over 99% of the total genetic variation retained within populations and less than 1% accounted for between populations. Conversely, strong genetic differentiation (FST = 0.33) was observed between zebu and gayal populations. Results of population structure and principal component analyses suggest that gayal is distinct from Bos indicus and that the two zebu populations were weakly structured. This study provides basic information about the genetic diversity and structure of Bangladeshi cattle and the semi-domesticated gayal population that can be used for future appraisal of breed utilization and management strategies.

The dental implant is used to replace the natural tooth system. It requires comprehensive preoperative planning and precise surgical execution. In this case report, a 45 year old male presented with missing upper left maxillary central incisor which was extracted 5 months back. He had discomfort during function and unwillingness to smile. He wanted to replace that edentulous area. The treatment options for replacing the missing tooth were discussed with the patient. Finally, with patient's consent the decision was made to replace that edentulous area with an implant supported porcelain fused to metal prosthesis in an esthetic manner. Recall visits exhibited patient's high-level confidence of smile with optimum satisfaction and successful aesthetic outcome.

The maintenance of pulp vitality and conduction of reparative dentin can be possible by indirect pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide as pulp capping agents. The objective of the study is to assess the clinical and radiological outcomes of MTA and calcium hydroxide as indirect pulp capping agents in deep carious lesions of permanent teeth. The present study included 50 permanent teeth having deep carious lesions with reversible pulp status were selected and then randomly divided into two groups of 25 teeth in a group. Standard indirect pulp capping procedures were followed. Patients were recalled at 3, 6 and 12 months interval to assess postoperative pain, the vitality of the pulp and formation of reparative dentin. In all observation periods, MTA showed more capable of reducing pain and maintain pulp vitality which was statistically significant than that of calcium hydroxide. At 12 months observation period, 24 teeth (96%) of MTA and 19 teeth (76%) of calcium hydroxide showed reparative dentin formation. It can be concluded that MTA is more effective than that of calcium hydroxide.