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106. Chronic food restriction amplifies the effect of lactation on the duration of postpartum anestrus in rats

Author

McGuire, Michelle K., Butler, W.R., and Rasmussen, Kathleen M.

Subjects
Lactation -- Physiological aspects, Anestrus -- Research, Ovulation -- Physiological aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

A study was done on the influence of chronic food restriction on the effect of lactation on the duration of postpartum anestrus in rats. Results show that chronic food restriction prolongs the duration of postpartum anestrus in both nonlactating and lactating rats. In addition, a delay was observed in proestrus in the nonlactating animals. These findings are reflective of the dynamic interaction between the timing of postpartum ovulation and lactation as well as nutrition.

Published
1992

107. Use of nonvitamin, nonmineral dietary supplements among college students

Author

Newberry, Heather, Beerman, Kathy, Duncan, Sam, McGuire, Michelle, and Hillers, Virginia

Subjects
Dietary supplements -- Usage, College students -- Food and nutrition, Herbals -- Usage, Health
Abstract

The authors assessed the use of nonvitamin, nonmineral (NVNM) dietary supplements in a college population. They found that the use of NVNM dietary supplements among college students might be higher than that of other population groups and that the types of NVNM products they use differ from those used by an older population. Of the 272 students who completed the questionnaire, 48.5% reported they took an NVNM supplement during the past 12 months. The most frequently used NVNM products were echinacea, ginseng, and St John's wort. Of the 27 students who took NVNM products to promote weight loss, 81.5% had body mass index (BMI) values in the acceptable range. Eleven of the 19 participants who reported an adverse reaction to an NVNM supplement continued to take the products despite negative effects. Users and nonusers of NVNM supplements did not differ significantly by age, ethnicity, gender, perceived dietary adequacy, or by exercise patterns. Key Words: college students; herbal dietary supplements; nonvitamin, nonmineral dietary supplements, In the United States, dietary supplements are classified as a special category of foods and are exempt from the stringent regulatory laws that govern most drugs. (1) Herbal supplements are [...]

Published
2001

108. Prebiotics and Probiotics in Human Milk : Origins and Functions of Milk-Borne Oligosaccharides and Bacteria

Author

Mcguire, Michelle, Mcguire, Michelle, Mcguire, Michelle, and Mcguire, Michelle

Abstract

Prebiotics and Probiotics in Human Milk: Origins and Functions of Milk-Borne Oligosaccharides and Bacteria provides a comprehensive, yet approachable, treatise on what is currently known about the origins and functions of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), the complex sugars in milk that are not digested by the infant. The book examines how HMOs and bacteria in human milk may function independently and coordinately to influence both maternal and infant health. Human milk is the only food ?designed” specifically to nourish humans, indeed representing the essence of a perfect ?functional food.” And although researchers have been studying its composition for decades, surprisingly little is really understood about the origins and functions of its myriad components, an area that is especially true for HMOs and bacteria. This book provides a thorough review of the newest research on these inter-related milk constituents as written by a team of experts from both academia and industry who actively conduct HMO and human milk microbiome research as they endeavor to apply this new knowledge to infant nutrition. Each chapter provides objective rationale for what research is still needed in this rapidly evolving area, also discussing the challenges and opportunities faced by the industry in adding HMO and microbes to infant food products. This book is a valuable resource for nutrition researchers focused on infant nutrition, food scientists and product developers working on infant formula, and clinicians interested in broadening their understanding of the benefits of human milk for infants.Presents a reader-friendly, highly-curated text that includes a review of the literature related to origins, variability, metabolism, and functions of HMO and human milk bacteriaDiscusses the potential implications of HMO and milk microbiota to industry ? for instance, utilization in the dairy industry and infant formulaConsists of learning aids, such as pull quotes, critical summary statement

Published
2016

109. Strong Multivariate Relations Exist Among Milk, Oral, and Fecal Microbiomes in Mother-Infant Dyads During the First Six Months Postpartum

Author

Williams, Janet E, primary, Carrothers, Janae M, additional, Lackey, Kimberly A, additional, Beatty, Nicola F, additional, Brooker, Sarah L, additional, Peterson, Haley K, additional, Steinkamp, Katelyn M, additional, York, Mara A, additional, Shafii, Bahman, additional, Price, William J, additional, McGuire, Mark A, additional, and McGuire, Michelle K, additional

Published
2019
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110. Household composition and the infant fecal microbiome: The INSPIRE study

Author

Lane, Avery A., primary, McGuire, Michelle K., additional, McGuire, Mark A., additional, Williams, Janet E., additional, Lackey, Kimberly A., additional, Hagen, Edward H., additional, Kaul, Abhishek, additional, Gindola, Debela, additional, Gebeyehu, Dubale, additional, Flores, Katherine E., additional, Foster, James A., additional, Sellen, Daniel W., additional, Kamau‐Mbuthia, Elizabeth W., additional, Kamundia, Egidioh W., additional, Mbugua, Samwel, additional, Moore, Sophie E., additional, Prentice, Andrew M., additional, Kvist, Linda J., additional, Otoo, Gloria E., additional, Rodríguez, Juan M., additional, Ruiz, Lorena, additional, Pareja, Rossina G., additional, Bode, Lars, additional, Price, William J., additional, and Meehan, Courtney L., additional

Published
2019
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111. What's Normal? Microbiomes in Human Milk and Infant Feces Are Related to Each Other but Vary Geographically: The INSPIRE Study

Author

Lackey, Kimberly A., primary, Williams, Janet E., additional, Meehan, Courtney L., additional, Zachek, Jessica A., additional, Benda, Elizabeth D., additional, Price, William J., additional, Foster, James A., additional, Sellen, Daniel W., additional, Kamau-Mbuthia, Elizabeth W., additional, Kamundia, Egidioh W., additional, Mbugua, Samwel, additional, Moore, Sophie E., additional, Prentice, Andrew M., additional, K., Debela Gindola, additional, Kvist, Linda J., additional, Otoo, Gloria E., additional, García-Carral, Cristina, additional, Jiménez, Esther, additional, Ruiz, Lorena, additional, Rodríguez, Juan M., additional, Pareja, Rossina G., additional, Bode, Lars, additional, McGuire, Mark A., additional, and McGuire, Michelle K., additional

Published
2019
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113. Safflower oil consumption does not increase plasma conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in humans

Author

Herbel, Barbara K., McGuire, Michelle K., McGuire, Mark A., and Shultz, Terry D.

Subjects
Safflower oil -- Health aspects, Linolenic acids -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (LA) with conjugated double bonds. CLA has anticarcinogenic properties and has been identified in human tissues, dairy products, meats, and certain vegetable oils. A variety of animal products are good sources of CLA, but plant oils contain much less. However, plant oils are a rich source of LA, which may be isomerized to CLA by intestinal microorganisms in humans. To investigate the effect of triacylglycerol-esterified LA consumption on plasma concentrations of esterified CLA in total lipids, a dietary intervention (6 wk) was conducted with six men and six women. During the intervention period a salad dressing containing 21 g safflower oil providing 16 g LA/d was added to the subjects' daily diets. Three-day diet records and fasting blood were obtained initially and during dietary and postdietary intervention periods. Although LA intake increased significantly during the dietary intervention, plasma CLA concentrations were not affected. Plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower after addition of safflower oil to the diet. In summary, consumption of triacylglycerol-esterified LA in safflower oil did not increase plasma concentrations of esterified CLA in total lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:332-7.

Published
1998

115. Selenium status of lactating women is affected by the form of selenium consumed

Author

McGuire, Michelle K., Burgert, Susan L., Milner, John A., Glass, Larry, Kummer, Rex, Deering, Ronald, Boucek, Robert, and Picciano, Mary Frances

Subjects
Selenium -- Health aspects, Lactation -- Health aspects, Breast milk -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

The impact of providing selenomethionine (2.7 [micro]mol Se) or selenium-enriched yeast (2.9 [micro]mol Se) on the selenium status of lactating and nonlactating women with customary intakes of [nearly equal to]1.3 [mirco]mol Se/d was studied. Plasma selenium declined in unsupplemented lactating women but not in nonlactating women. Selenomethionine increased plasma selenium in both lactating and nonlactating women whereas selenium-enriched yeast increased plasma selenium only in nonlactating women. Erythrocyte selenium concentration was not significantly modified by lactation. Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity decreased with duration of lactation in unsupplemented women and selenomethionine or selenium-enriched yeast supplementation prevented the decline. Milk selenium declined markedly for 20 wk after parturition in unsupplemented women. Selenomethionine significantly increased milk selenium concentrations whereas selenium-enriched yeast prevented a decline. These results clearly show that the source of selenium provided to lactating women can significantly influence selected indexes of selenium status, including milk selenium concentration.

Published
1993

116. Selenium status of infants is influenced by supplementation of formula or maternal diets

Author

McGuire, Michelle K., Burgert, Susan L., Milner, John A., Glass, Larry, Kummer, Rex, Deering, Ronald, Boucek, Robert, and Picciano, Mary Frances

Subjects
Infants -- Food and nutrition, Selenium -- Health aspects, Infant formulas -- Health aspects, Breast milk -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Plasma selenium of infants fed proprietary formula was significantly less than that in infants fed human milk. Addition of selenite to the formula (0.253 [micro]mol Se/L) increased plasma selenium and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total peroxidase (Px). However, erythrocyte selenium decreased significantly during the 12-wk study in infants receiving human milk or formula with or without supplemental selenite. Infants fed human milk from women receiving 0 or 200 [micro]g supplemental selenium as selenomethionine or selenium-enriched yeast had plasma selenium that paralleled changes in their selenium intake. Plasma GPx and Px activities were unrelated to human milk selenium intake. Milk from women given either selenium supplement prevented the decline in infant erythrocyte selenium. Results of these studies suggest that the method of feeding modifies the infant's apparent selenium status and that the molecular form of selenium provided and/or its interaction with other milk constituents are determinants of infant selenium status.

Published
1993

119. Identification of novel toluene monooxygenase genes in a hydrocarbon-polluted sediment using sequence- and function-based screening of metagenomic libraries

Author

Bouhajja, Emna, McGuire, Michelle Kay M., Liles, Mark R., Bataille, Géraldine, AGATHOS, Spiros, George, Isabelle, Bouhajja, Emna, McGuire, Michelle Kay M., Liles, Mark R., Bataille, Géraldine, AGATHOS, Spiros, and George, Isabelle

Abstract

The microbial potential for toluene degradation within sediments from a tar oil-contaminated site in Flingern, Germany, was assessed using a metagenomic approach. High molecular weight environmental DNA from contaminated sediments was extracted, purified, and cloned into fosmid and BAC vectors and transformed into Escherichia coli. The fosmid library was screened by hybridization with a PCR amplicon of the α-subunit of the toluene 4-monooxygenase gene to identify genes and pathways encoding toluene degradation. Fourteen clones were recovered from the fosmid library, among which 13 were highly divergent from known tmoA genes and several had the closest relatives among Acinetobacter species. The BAC library was transferred to the heterologous hosts Cupriavidus metallidurans (phylum Proteobacteria) and Edaphobacter aggregans (phylum Acidobacteria). The resulting libraries were screened for expression of toluene degradation in the non-degradative hosts. From expression in C. metallidurans, three novel toluene monooxygenase-encoding operons were identified that were located on IncP1 plasmids. The E. aggregans-hosted BAC library led to the isolation of a cloned genetic locus putatively derived from an Acidobacteria taxon that contained genes involved in aerobic and anaerobic toluene degradation. These data suggest the important role of plasmids in the spread of toluene degradative capacity and indicate putative novel tmoA genes present in this hydrocarbon-polluted environment., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2017

120. What's normal? Oligosaccharide concentrations and profiles in milk produced by healthy women vary geographically.

Author

McGuire, Michelle, Meehan, Courtney L, McGuire, Mark A, Williams, Janet E, Foster, James, Sellen, Daniel W, Kamau-Mbuthia, Elizabeth W, Kamundia, Egidioh W, Mbugua, Samwel, Moore, Sophie E, Prentice, Andrew M, Kvist, Linda J, Otoo, Gloria E, Brooker, Sarah L, Price, William J, Shafii, Bahman, Placek, Caitlyn, Lackey, Kimberly A, Robertson, Bianca, Manzano, Susana, Ruíz, Lorena, Rodríguez, Juan M, Pareja, Rossina G, Bode, Lars, McGuire, Michelle, Meehan, Courtney L, McGuire, Mark A, Williams, Janet E, Foster, James, Sellen, Daniel W, Kamau-Mbuthia, Elizabeth W, Kamundia, Egidioh W, Mbugua, Samwel, Moore, Sophie E, Prentice, Andrew M, Kvist, Linda J, Otoo, Gloria E, Brooker, Sarah L, Price, William J, Shafii, Bahman, Placek, Caitlyn, Lackey, Kimberly A, Robertson, Bianca, Manzano, Susana, Ruíz, Lorena, Rodríguez, Juan M, Pareja, Rossina G, and Bode, Lars

Abstract

Background: Human milk is a complex fluid comprised of myriad substances, with one of the most abundant substances being a group of complex carbohydrates referred to as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). There has been some evidence that HMO profiles differ in populations, but few studies have rigorously explored this variability.Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that HMO profiles differ in diverse populations of healthy women. Next, we examined relations between HMO and maternal anthropometric and reproductive indexes and indirectly examined whether differences were likely related to genetic or environmental variations.Design: In this cross-sectional, observational study, milk was collected from a total of 410 healthy, breastfeeding women in 11 international cohorts and analyzed for HMOs by using high-performance liquid chromatography.Results: There was an effect of the cohort (P < 0.05) on concentrations of almost all HMOs. For instance, the mean 3-fucosyllactose concentration was >4 times higher in milk collected in Sweden than in milk collected in rural Gambia (mean ± SEM: 473 ± 55 compared with 103 ± 16 nmol/mL, respectively; P < 0.05), and disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) concentrations ranged from 216 ± 14 nmol/mL (in Sweden) to 870 ± 68 nmol/mL (in rural Gambia) (P < 0.05). Maternal age, time postpartum, weight, and body mass index were all correlated with several HMOs, and multiple differences in HMOs [e.g., lacto-N-neotetrose and DSLNT] were shown between ethnically similar (and likely genetically similar) populations who were living in different locations, which suggests that the environment may play a role in regulating the synthesis of HMOs.Conclusions: The results of this study support our hypothesis that normal HMO concentrations and profiles vary geographically, even in healthy women. Targeted genomic analyses are required to determine whether these differences are due at least in part to genetic variation. A careful examination of so

Published
2017

121. Respiratory plasticity in response to changes in oxygen supply and demand

Author

Bavis, Ryan W., Powell, Frank L., Bradford, Aidan, Hsia, Connie C.W., Peltonen, Juha E., Soliz, Jorge, Zeis, Bettina, Fergusson, Elizabeth K., Fu, Zhenxing, Gassmann, Max, Kim, Cindy B., Maurer, Jana, McGuire, Michelle, Miller, Brooke M., O'Halloran, Ken D., Paul, Rüdiger J., Reid, Stephen G., Rusko, Heikki K., Tikkanen, Heikki O., Wilkinson, Katherine A., Bavis, Ryan W., Powell, Frank L., Bradford, Aidan, Hsia, Connie C.W., Peltonen, Juha E., Soliz, Jorge, Zeis, Bettina, Fergusson, Elizabeth K., Fu, Zhenxing, Gassmann, Max, Kim, Cindy B., Maurer, Jana, McGuire, Michelle, Miller, Brooke M., O'Halloran, Ken D., Paul, Rüdiger J., Reid, Stephen G., Rusko, Heikki K., Tikkanen, Heikki O., and Wilkinson, Katherine A.

Abstract

Aerobic organisms maintain O2 homeostasis by responding to changes in O2 supply and demand in both short and long time domains. In this review, we introduce several specific examples of respiratory plasticity induced by chronic changes in O2 supply (environmental hypoxia or hyperoxia) and demand (exercise-induced and temperature-induced changes in aerobic metabolism). These studies reveal that plasticity occurs throughout the respiratory system, including modifications to the gas exchanger, respiratory pigments, respiratory muscles, and the neural control systems responsible for ventilating the gas exchanger. While some of these responses appear appropriate (e.g., increases in lung surface area, blood O2 capacity, and pulmonary ventilation in hypoxia), other responses are potentially harmful (e.g., increased muscle fatigability). Thus, it may be difficult to predict whole-animal performance based on the plasticity of a single system. Moreover, plastic responses may differ quantitatively and qualitatively at different developmental stages. Much of the current research in this field is focused on identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying respiratory plasticity. These studies suggest that a few key molecules, such as hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and erythropoietin, may be involved in the expression of diverse forms of plasticity within and across species. Studying the various ways in which animals respond to respiratory challenges will enable a better understanding of the integrative response to chronic changes in O2 supply and demand

Published
2017

122. Human Milk Microbial Community Structure Is Relatively Stable and Related to Variations in Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intakes in Healthy Lactating Women

Author

Williams, Janet E, primary, Carrothers, Janae M, additional, Lackey, Kimberly A, additional, Beatty, Nicola F, additional, York, Mara A, additional, Brooker, Sarah L, additional, Shafii, Bahman, additional, Price, William J, additional, Settles, Matthew L, additional, McGuire, Mark A, additional, and McGuire, Michelle K, additional

Published
2017
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123. What’s Normal? Immune Profiling of Human Milk from Healthy Women Living in Different Geographical and Socioeconomic Settings

Author

Ruiz, Lorena, primary, Espinosa-Martos, Irene, additional, García-Carral, Cristina, additional, Manzano, Susana, additional, McGuire, Michelle K., additional, Meehan, Courtney L., additional, McGuire, Mark A., additional, Williams, Janet E., additional, Foster, James, additional, Sellen, Daniel W., additional, Kamau-Mbuthia, Elizabeth W., additional, Kamundia, Egidioh W., additional, Mbugua, Samwel, additional, Moore, Sophie E., additional, Kvist, Linda J., additional, Otoo, Gloria E., additional, Lackey, Kimberly A., additional, Flores, Katherine, additional, Pareja, Rossina G., additional, Bode, Lars, additional, and Rodríguez, Juan M., additional

Published
2017
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125. Electrical impedance myography in individuals with collagen 6 and laminin α‐2 congenital muscular dystrophy: a cross‐sectional and 2‐year analysis

Author

Nichols, Carmel, primary, Jain, Minal S., additional, Meilleur, Katherine G., additional, Wu, Tianxia, additional, Collins, James, additional, Waite, Melissa R., additional, Dastgir, Jahannaz, additional, Salman, Anam, additional, Donkervoort, Sandra, additional, Duong, Tina, additional, Keller, Katherine, additional, Leach, Meganne E., additional, Lott, Donovan J., additional, McGuire, Michelle N., additional, Nelson, Leslie, additional, Rutkowski, Anne, additional, Vuillerot, Carole, additional, Bönnemann, Carsten G., additional, and Lehky, Tanya J., additional

Published
2017
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127. Fecal Microbial Community Structure Is Stable over Time and Related to Variation in Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intakes in Lactating Women123

Author

Carrothers, Janae M, York, Mara A, Brooker, Sarah L, Lackey, Kimberly A, Williams, Janet E, Shafii, Bahman, Price, William J, Settles, Matthew L, McGuire, Mark A, and McGuire, Michelle K

Subjects
Adult, Washington, Principal Component Analysis, Idaho, Postpartum Period, Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Rural Health, digestive system, Diet, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, stomatognathic diseases, Feces, fluids and secretions, Multivariate Analysis, Nutritional Epidemiology, Humans, Lactation, Female, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies
Abstract

The fecal microbiota has been characterized in some adult populations, but little is known about its community structure during lactation.We characterized the maternal fecal microbiome during lactation and explored possible mediating factors such as nutrition.Fecal samples were collected from 20 lactating women from 2 d to 6 mo postpartum, and bacterial taxa were characterized with the use of high-throughput sequencing. Bacterial community structure (at each taxonomic level) and relations between bacterial taxa and environmental and dietary variables were visualized and analyzed with the use of stacked bar charts, principal component analysis, and multivariate analyses such as nonmetric multidimensional scaling and canonical correlation analysis.Complex bacterial community structure was somewhat similar to those previously published for other adult populations (although there were some notable differences), and there were no clear associations with time postpartum or anthropometric or environmental variables. However, Spearman rank correlations suggested that increased intake of pantothenic acid, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 were related to increased relative abundance of Prevotella (r = 0.45, 0.39, 0.34, and 0.24, respectively; P ≤ 0.01) and decreased relative abundance of Bacteroides (r = -0.55, -0.46, -0.32, and -0.35, respectively; P ≤ 0.01). Intakes of copper, magnesium, manganese, and molybdenum were positively associated with Firmicutes (r = 0.33, 0.38, 0.44, and 0.51, respectively; P ≤ 0.01) and negatively associated with Bacteroidetes (r = -0.38, -0.44, -0.48, and -0.53, respectively; P ≤ 0.01). Overall, data consistently suggest that increased consumption of a more nutrient- and calorie-rich diet was positively associated with relative abundance of Firmicutes.The fecal microbiome of lactating women is relatively stable in the postpartum period and somewhat similar to that of other adult populations. Variation in dietary constituents may be related to that of relative abundance of individual bacterial taxa. Controlled dietary intervention studies will be required to determine whether these associations are causal in nature.

Published
2015

131. What's normal? Oligosaccharide concentrations and profiles in milk produced by healthy women vary geographically.

Author

McGuire, Michelle K., Meehan, Courtney L., McGuire, Mark A., Williams, Janet E., Foster, James, Sellen, Daniel W., Kamau-Mbuthia, Elizabeth W., Kamundia, Egidioh W., Mbugua, Samwel, Moore, Sophie E., Prentice, Andrew M., Kvist, Linda J., Otoo, Gloria E., Brooker, Sarah L., Price, William J., Shafii, Bahman, Placek, Caitlyn, Lackey, Kimberly A., Robertson, Bianca, and Manzano, Susana

Subjects
OLIGOSACCHARIDES, COMPOSITION of breast milk, ANTHROPOMETRY, LACTATION, WOMEN'S health, BREAST milk, BREASTFEEDING, COMPARATIVE studies, ECOLOGY, GENETICS, HIGH performance liquid chromatography, INFANT nutrition, LONGITUDINAL method, MOTHERS, NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL requirements, SCIENTIFIC observation, POPULATION geography, PROBABILITY theory, GENOMICS, CROSS-sectional method, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, PHYSIOLOGY
Abstract

Background: Human milk is a complex fluid comprised of myriad substances, with one of the most abundant substances being a group of complex carbohydrates referred to as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). There has been some evidence that HMO profiles differ in populations, but few studies have rigorously explored this variability.Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that HMO profiles differ in diverse populations of healthy women. Next, we examined relations between HMO and maternal anthropometric and reproductive indexes and indirectly examined whether differences were likely related to genetic or environmental variations.Design: In this cross-sectional, observational study, milk was collected from a total of 410 healthy, breastfeeding women in 11 international cohorts and analyzed for HMOs by using high-performance liquid chromatography.Results: There was an effect of the cohort (P < 0.05) on concentrations of almost all HMOs. For instance, the mean 3-fucosyllactose concentration was >4 times higher in milk collected in Sweden than in milk collected in rural Gambia (mean ± SEM: 473 ± 55 compared with 103 ± 16 nmol/mL, respectively; P < 0.05), and disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) concentrations ranged from 216 ± 14 nmol/mL (in Sweden) to 870 ± 68 nmol/mL (in rural Gambia) (P < 0.05). Maternal age, time postpartum, weight, and body mass index were all correlated with several HMOs, and multiple differences in HMOs [e.g., lacto-N-neotetrose and DSLNT] were shown between ethnically similar (and likely genetically similar) populations who were living in different locations, which suggests that the environment may play a role in regulating the synthesis of HMOs.Conclusions: The results of this study support our hypothesis that normal HMO concentrations and profiles vary geographically, even in healthy women. Targeted genomic analyses are required to determine whether these differences are due at least in part to genetic variation. A careful examination of sociocultural, behavioral, and environmental factors is needed to determine their roles in this regard. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02670278. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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135. Frequency response of underwater ultrasonic transducers in the near field using polarimetric polarization maintaining fiber sensors

Author

Santos, Jose Luis, Culshaw, Brian, Lopez-Higuera, Jose Miguel, MacPherson, William N, Bennecer, Abdeldjalil, McGuire, Michelle, Flockhart, Gordon M H, Pierce, S Gareth, Hayward, Gordon, Santos, Jose Luis, Culshaw, Brian, Lopez-Higuera, Jose Miguel, MacPherson, William N, Bennecer, Abdeldjalil, McGuire, Michelle, Flockhart, Gordon M H, Pierce, S Gareth, and Hayward, Gordon

Abstract

Near-field ultrasonic response (50-2000 kHz) of an underwater 1-3 piezocomposite transducer is experimentally investigated using a polarimetric polarization maintaining fiber sensor. Measured outputs from our sensor and a reference hydrophone are observed to be comparable.

Published
2010

144. Comparing Top-Down Proteoform Identification: Deconvolution, PrSM Overlap, and PTM Detection

Author

Tabb, David L., Jeong, Kyowon, Druart, Karen, Gant, Megan S., Brown, Kyle A., Nicora, Carrie, Zhou, Mowei, Couvillion, Sneha, Nakayasu, Ernesto, Williams, Janet E., Peterson, Haley K., McGuire, Michelle K., McGuire, Mark A., Metz, Thomas O., and Chamot-Rooke, Julia

Abstract

Generating top-down tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) from complex mixtures of proteoforms benefits from improvements in fractionation, separation, fragmentation, and mass analysis. The algorithms to match MS/MS to sequences have undergone a parallel evolution, with both spectral alignment and match-counting approaches producing high-quality proteoform-spectrum matches (PrSMs). This study assesses state-of-the-art algorithms for top-down identification (ProSight PD, TopPIC, MSPathFinderT, and pTop) in their yield of PrSMs while controlling false discovery rate. We evaluated deconvolution engines (ThermoFisher Xtract, Bruker AutoMSn, Matrix Science Mascot Distiller, TopFD, and FLASHDeconv) in both ThermoFisher Orbitrap-class and Bruker maXis Q-TOF data (PXD033208) to produce consistent precursor charges and mass determinations. Finally, we sought post-translational modifications (PTMs) in proteoforms from bovine milk (PXD031744) and human ovarian tissue. Contemporary identification workflows produce excellent PrSM yields, although approximately half of all identified proteoforms from these four pipelines were specific to only one workflow. Deconvolution algorithms disagree on precursor masses and charges, contributing to identification variability. Detection of PTMs is inconsistent among algorithms. In bovine milk, 18% of PrSMs produced by pTop and TopMG were singly phosphorylated, but this percentage fell to 1% for one algorithm. Applying multiple search engines produces more comprehensive assessments of experiments. Top-down algorithms would benefit from greater interoperability.

Published
2023
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146. Abstract 4643: Epstein-Barr virus infection (EBV) and expression of B-cell oncogenic markers in HIV+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)

Author

Chao, Chun R., primary, Abrams, Donald, additional, Silverberg, Michael J., additional, Haque, Reina, additional, Zha, Hongbin D., additional, Martinez-Maza, Otoniel, additional, McGuire, Michelle, additional, Chi, Margaret, additional, Castor, Brandon, additional, Xu, Lanfang, additional, Leyden, Wendy, additional, Habel, Laurel, additional, and Said, Jonathan, additional

Published
2011
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