Search

Your search keyword '"McGrath, Steve P."' showing total 690 results
Start Over Author "McGrath, Steve P."
690 results on '"McGrath, Steve P."'

101. Copper speciation and impacts on bacterial biosensors in the pore water of copper-contaminated soils

Author

Vulkan, Raya, Zhao, Fang-Jie, Barbosa-Jefferson, Vera, Preston, Sara, Paton, Graeme I., Tipping, Edward, and McGrath, Steve P.

Subjects
Copper industry -- Research, Water utilities, Soils, Environmental issues, Science and technology
Abstract

In this study, soluble copper concentrations and free Cu2+ activities were discovered in the pore waters from 22 soils with various Cu levels. The study is broken down into an introduction, a discussion of the experiment and its results. Various tables and graphs accompany the table.

Published
2000

104. Biofortification of UK food crops with selenium

Author

Broadley, Martin R., White, Philip J., Bryson, Rosie J., Meacham, Mark C., Bowen, Helen C., Johnson, Sarah E., Hawkesford, Malcolm J., McGrath, Steve P., Zhao, Fang-Jie, Breward, Neil, Harriman, Miles, and Tucker, Mark

Published
2006

105. Biomass carbon measurements and substrate utilization patterns of microbial populations from soils amended with cadmium, copper, or zinc

Author

Knight, Bruce P., McGrath, Steve P., and Chaudri, Amar M.

Subjects
Microbial populations -- Analysis, Soil amendments -- Analysis, Copper -- Environmental aspects, Cadmium -- Environmental aspects, Zinc -- Environmental aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

A low soil pH and amendment of the soil, from southeast England, with cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn) reduce microbial activity and change the pattern of substrates used. The microbial biomass is unaffected by pH or metal treatment except in treatment. Cu is toxic to microorganisms in the free ionic form. Cd fails to directly influence the soil microbes. The metabolic potential of the soil microbial population is reduced by the pH and soil amendments with Cu and Zn.

Published
1997

107. What is a good level of soil organic matter? An index based on organic carbon to clay ratio.

Author

Prout, Jonah M., Shepherd, Keith D., McGrath, Steve P., Kirk, Guy J. D., and Haefele, Stephan M.

Subjects
CLAY, ARABLE land, ORGANIC bases, ORGANIC compounds, CLAY soils, GRASSLAND soils
Abstract

Simple measures of appropriate levels of soil organic matter are needed for soil evaluation, management and monitoring, based on readily measurable soil properties. We test an index of soil organic matter based on the soil organic carbon (SOC) to clay ratio, defined by thresholds of SOC/clay ratio for specified levels of soil structural quality. The thresholds were originally delineated for a small number of Swiss soils. We assess the index using data from the initial sampling (1978–83) of the National Soil Inventory of England and Wales, covering 3,809 sites under arable land, grassland and woodland. Land use, soil type, annual precipitation and soil pH together explained 21% of the variance in SOC/clay ratio in the dataset, with land use the most important variable. Thresholds of SOC/clay ratio of 1/8, 1/10 and 1/13 indicated the boundaries between "very good", "good", "moderate" and "degraded" levels of structural condition. On this scale, 38.2, 6.6 and 5.6% of arable, grassland and woodland sites, respectively, were degraded. The index gives a method to assess and monitor soil organic matter at national, regional or sub‐regional scales based on two routinely measured soil properties. Given the wide range of soils and land uses across England and Wales in the dataset used to test the index, we suggest it should apply to other European soils in similar climate zones. Highlights: We assess the use of SOC/clay ratios as guidelines for soil management in England and Wales.We use data from 3,809 sites to assess thresholds based on work for Polish, French and Swiss soils.SOC/clay threshold values can indicate degraded and good soil structural condition.The thresholds show the effect of land use and provide an index for use in England and Wales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

108. Chlorobenzenes in field soil with a history of multiple sewage sludge applications

Author

Wang, Min-Jian, McGrath, Steve P., and Jones, Kevin C.

Subjects
Sewage sludge as fertilizer -- Environmental aspects, Chlorobenzene -- Environmental aspects, Environmental issues, Science and technology
Abstract

Data from an experiment involving multiple sludge applications to agricultural land in the UK from 1942 to 1961 were examined to understand the long-term behavior of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in sewage sludge-amended soils. The results showed that 10% of CBs have remained in amended soils up to the 1990s, while the rest have been lost mainly through volatilization soon after soil amendment. Hexachlorobenzene is the most persistent CB, remaining 10 years longer than other CBs. 1,4-dichlorobenzene increased during the 1960s in both experimental and control soils, probably from atmospheric deposition and trace level impurities in pesticides.

Published
1995

116. Long-term Impact of sewage sludge application on rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii: an evaluation using meta-analysis

Author

Charlton, Alex, Sakrabani, Ruben, McGrath, Steve P., and Colin D. Campbell, Colin D.

Abstract

The Long-Term Sludge Experiment (LTSE) began in 1994 at nine UK field sites as part of continuing research into the effects of sludge-borne heavy metals on soil fertility. The long-term effects of Zn, Cu, and Cd on the most probable numbers of cells (MPN) of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii were monitored for 8 yr in sludge-amended soils. To assess the statutory limits set by the UK Sludge (Use in Agriculture) Regulations, the experimental data were reviewed using statistical methods of meta-analysis. Previous LTSE studies have focused predominantly on statistical significance rather than effect size, whereas meta-analysis focuses on the magnitude and direction of an effect, i.e., the practical significance rather than its statistical significance. Results showed Zn to be the most toxic element causing an overall significant decrease in Rhizobium MPN of −26.6% during the LTSE. The effect of Cu showed no significant effect on Rhizobium MPN at concentrations below the UK limits, although a −5% decrease in Rhizobium MPN was observed in soils where total Cu ranged from 100 to

Published
2016

124. Nanomaterials in Biosolids Inhibit Nodulation, Shift Microbial Community Composition, and Result in Increased Metal Uptake Relative to Bulk/Dissolved Metals

Author

Judy, Jonathan D., primary, McNear, David H., additional, Chen, Chun, additional, Lewis, Ricky W., additional, Tsyusko, Olga V., additional, Bertsch, Paul M., additional, Rao, William, additional, Stegemeier, John, additional, Lowry, Gregory V., additional, McGrath, Steve P., additional, Durenkamp, Mark, additional, and Unrine, Jason M., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

125. Genome Wide Association Mapping of Grain Arsenic, Copper, Molybdenum and Zinc in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grown at Four International Field Sites.

Author

Norton, Gareth J, Douglas, Alex, Lahner, Brett C, Yakubova, Elena, Guerinot, Mary Lou, Pinson, Shannon RM, Tarpley, Lee, Eizenga, Georgia C, McGrath, Steve P, Zhao, Fang-Jie, Islam, M Rafiqul, Islam, Shofiqul, Duan, Guilan, Zhu, Yongguan, Salt, David E, Meharg, Andrew A, Price, Adam H, Norton, Gareth J, Douglas, Alex, Lahner, Brett C, Yakubova, Elena, Guerinot, Mary Lou, Pinson, Shannon RM, Tarpley, Lee, Eizenga, Georgia C, McGrath, Steve P, Zhao, Fang-Jie, Islam, M Rafiqul, Islam, Shofiqul, Duan, Guilan, Zhu, Yongguan, Salt, David E, Meharg, Andrew A, and Price, Adam H

Abstract

The mineral concentrations in cereals are important for human health, especially for individuals who consume a cereal subsistence diet. A number of elements, such as zinc, are required within the diet, while some elements are toxic to humans, for example arsenic. In this study we carry out genome-wide association (GWA) mapping of grain concentrations of arsenic, copper, molybdenum and zinc in brown rice using an established rice diversity panel of ~300 accessions and 36.9 k single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The study was performed across five environments: one field site in Bangladesh, one in China and two in the US, with one of the US sites repeated over two years. GWA mapping on the whole dataset and on separate subpopulations of rice revealed a large number of loci significantly associated with variation in grain arsenic, copper, molybdenum and zinc. Seventeen of these loci were detected in data obtained from grain cultivated in more than one field location, and six co-localise with previously identified quantitative trait loci. Additionally, a number of candidate genes for the uptake or transport of these elements were located near significantly associated SNPs (within 200 kb, the estimated global linkage disequilibrium previously employed in this rice panel). This analysis highlights a number of genomic regions and candidate genes for further analysis as well as the challenges faced when mapping environmentally-variable traits in a highly genetically structured diversity panel.

Published
2014

127. The Nodulin 26-like intrinsic membrane protein OsNIP3;2 is involved in arsenite uptake by lateral roots in rice.

Author

Yi Chen, Sheng-Kai Sun, Zhong Tang, Guidong Liu, Moore, Katie L., Maathuis, Frans J. M., Miller, Antony J., McGrath, Steve P., and Fang-Jie Zhao

Subjects
NODULINS, MEMBRANE proteins, ARSENITES, RICE, X-ray fluorescence
Abstract

Previous studies have shown that the Nodulin 26-like intrinsic membrane protein (NIP) Lsi1 (OsNIP2;1) is involved in arsenite [As(III)] uptake in rice (Oryza sativa). However, the role of other rice NIPs in As(III) accumulation in planta remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role OsNIP3;2 in As(III) uptake in rice. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, OsNIP3;2 showed a high transport activity for As(III). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that the expression of OsNIP3;2 was suppressed by 5 pM As(III), but enhanced by 20 and 100 pM As(III). Transgenic rice plants expressing OsNIP3;2pro-GUS showed that the gene was predominantly expressed in the lateral roots and the stele region of the primary roots. Transient expression of OsNIP3;2:GFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts showed that the protein was localized in the plasma membrane. Knockout of OsNIP3;2 significantly decreased As concentration in the roots, but had little effect on shoot As concentration. Synchrotron microfocus X-ray fluorescence showed decreased As accumulation in the stele of the lateral roots in the mutants compared with wild-type. Our results indicate that OsNIP3;2 is involved in As(III) uptake by lateral roots, but its contribution to As accumulation in the shoots is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

131. Genome Wide Association Mapping of Grain Arsenic, Copper, Molybdenum and Zinc in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grown at Four International Field Sites

Author

Norton, Gareth J., primary, Douglas, Alex, additional, Lahner, Brett, additional, Yakubova, Elena, additional, Guerinot, Mary Lou, additional, Pinson, Shannon R. M., additional, Tarpley, Lee, additional, Eizenga, Georgia C., additional, McGrath, Steve P., additional, Zhao, Fang-Jie, additional, Islam, M. Rafiqul, additional, Islam, Shofiqul, additional, Duan, Guilan, additional, Zhu, Yongguan, additional, Salt, David E., additional, Meharg, Andrew A., additional, and Price, Adam H., additional

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

133. Modelling the effects of copper on soil organisms and processes using the free ion approach: towards a multi-species toxicity model

Author

Lofts, Stephen, Criel, Peggy, Janssen, Colin R., Lock, Koen, McGrath, Steve P., Oorts, Koen, Rooney, Corinne P., Smolders, Erik, Spurgeon, David J., Svendsen, Claus, van Eeckhout, Hilda, Zhao, Fang-Zie, Lofts, Stephen, Criel, Peggy, Janssen, Colin R., Lock, Koen, McGrath, Steve P., Oorts, Koen, Rooney, Corinne P., Smolders, Erik, Spurgeon, David J., Svendsen, Claus, van Eeckhout, Hilda, and Zhao, Fang-Zie

Abstract

The free ion approach has been previously used to calculate critical limit concentrations for soil metals based on point estimates of toxicity. Here, the approach was applied to dose–response data for copper effects on seven biological endpoints in each of 19 European soils. The approach was applied using the concept of an effective dose, comprising a function of the concentrations of free copper and ‘protective’ major cations, including H+. A significant influence of H+ on the toxicity of Cu2+ was found, while the effects of other cations were inconsistent. The model could be generalised by forcing the effect of H+ and the slope of the dose–response relationship to be equal for all endpoints. This suggests the possibility of a general bioavailability model for copper effects on organisms. Furthermore, the possibility of such a model could be explored for other cationic metals such as nickel, zinc, cadmium and lead.

Published
2013

134. Long-term Effects of Biosolids on Soil Quality and Fertility.

Author

Nicholson, Fiona, Bhogal, Anne, Taylor, Matt, McGrath, Steve, and Withers, Paul

Subjects
HUMUS, SOIL quality, SOIL fertility, SEWAGE sludge, NITROGEN in soils
Abstract

Biosolids are an important potential source of plant-available nutrients and also contain valuable quantities of stable organic matter, which can provide long-term benefits to soil structure and fertility. In this study, the long-term impacts of biosolids recycling to agricultural land on soil quality and fertility were assessed using established experimental platforms at four sites in England with contrasting soil types and agroclimatic conditions. At each site, treatment plots that had received 20 annual additions of biosolids (i.e., three types of digested sludge cake) at rates of 2.9 to 3.4 tha -1 y -1 since 1994 were used in comparison with an untreated control treatment (which had received inorganic fertilizers only) to quantify the effects of biosolids on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Significant increases (P < 0.05) in soil organic matter (SOM) of 10% to 17% and in "light fraction" SOM (up to 2.9 mg kg -1 on the biosolids treatment compared with 1.8 mg kg -1 on the untreated control), along with a significant (P < 0.01) increase of up to 10% in available water capacity and numerical increases in water infiltration rate and aggregate stability, were found in plots that received biosolids. These plots also had significant (P < 0.05) increases of up to 20%, 48%, and 30% in soil total nitrogen, extractable phosphorus, and total sulfur, respectively. Earthworm numbers and weights were approximately doubled relative to the untreated control (P < 0.05) where lowmetal biosolids had been applied. These results indicate that applying biosolids to agricultural land is an important means of replenishing and maintaining SOM levels. Importantly, no adverse effects on crop quality were observed. The results from this study provided valuable evidence toward maintaining a sustainable agricultural landbank for biosolids recycling in the United Kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

139. Modelling the effects of copper on soil organisms and processes using the free ion approach: Towards a multi-species toxicity model

Author

Lofts, Stephen, primary, Criel, Peggy, additional, Janssen, Colin R., additional, Lock, Koen, additional, McGrath, Steve P., additional, Oorts, Koen, additional, Rooney, Corinne P., additional, Smolders, Erik, additional, Spurgeon, David J., additional, Svendsen, Claus, additional, Van Eeckhout, Hilde, additional, and Zhao, Fang-Zie, additional

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

141. Ca. Nitrososphaera and Bradyrhizobium are inversely correlated and related to agricultural practices in long-term field experiments

Author

Zhalnina, Kateryna, primary, de Quadros, Patricia D., additional, Gano, Kelsey A., additional, Davis-Richardson, Austin, additional, Fagen, Jennie R., additional, Brown, Christopher T., additional, Giongo, Adriana, additional, Drew, Jennifer C., additional, Sayavedra-Soto, Luis A., additional, Arp, Dan J., additional, Camargo, Flavio A. O., additional, Daroub, Samira H., additional, Clark, Ian M., additional, McGrath, Steve P., additional, Hirsch, Penny R., additional, and Triplett, Eric W., additional

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results