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Bromolisuride, an ergoline derivative, was labeled with the positron emitter radionuclide, bromine 76. In vitro and in vivo binding and competition studies in rats demonstrated a high affinity (KD = 0.3 nM) and a high specificity of this new radioligand for D-2 dopamine receptors. PET kinetic studies in baboons showed an accumulation of [76Br]bromolisuride in the striatum which reached a maximum 30 min post-injection and which could be displaced by haloperidol. All these results indicated that this new ligand is certainly suitable for the non-invasive in vivo quantitative imaging of D-2 dopamine receptor sites in human brain.

The results are described of the cerebral uptake and heterogeneous retention of [11C]diprenorphine after intravenous injection in 4 normal volunteers. This potent opioid antagonist (Kd = 0.2 nM) was chosen because of its safety, lack of side-effects at trace doses in human pilot studies, rapid cerebral uptake and high percentage (80-90%) specific binding in animal in vivo studies. High uptake of [11C]diprenorphine was demonstrated in regions such as the thalamus, caudate nucleus, temporal, frontal and parietal cortices, which are known from postmortem studies to have high concentrations of opioid receptors. A stable level of activity or a very slow decline in activity was observed between 20 and 50 min after injection in areas such as the caudate nucleus and thalamus. Conversely, rapid washout of activity was observed in the occipital cortex, which is known to have low opioid receptor concentrations. Some 80-90% of maximum binding was naloxone reversible. These results with a ligand that is safe and without side-effects, suggest that this technique is suitable for studies of opioid physiology in man.